NOTES FUGITIVE WRITINGS

THE FIGHT

First republished in Literary Remains, vol. II. p. 193. For another account of the fight and, more particularly, of the journey home, see P. G. Patmore’s My Friends and Acquaintance, III. 41, et seq. The fight (between Hickman, the ‘Gas-man’ and Bill Neat) took place on Dec. 11, 1821. For an account of Tom Hickman (who was thrown from a chaise and killed in the following December) see Pierce Egan’s Boxiana, where particulars will be found of all the ‘Fancy’ heroes referred to by Hazlitt in this essay.

PAGE

1.

‘The fight,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

Jack Randall’s. Cf. vol. VI. (Table-Talk), note to p. 202.

‘The proverb ... musty.’ Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.

2.

Jo. Toms. Joseph Parkes (1796–1865), the Radical politician, at that time articled to a London solicitor.

‘So carelessly,’ etc. As You Like It, Act I. Sc. 1.

Jack Pigott. P. G. Patmore.

‘What more felicity,’ etc. Spenser, Muiopotmos, st. 27.

Tom Belcher’s. Tom Belcher (1783–1854), a younger brother of the better known prizefighter, James Belcher, kept the ‘Castle’ tavern in Holborn.

‘Well, we meet at Philippi.’ Cf. Julius Cæsar, Act IV. Sc. 3.

3.

‘I follow Fate,’ etc. Cf. Dryden, The Indian Emperor, IV. 3.

4.

Tom Turtle. According to the author’s son (see Literary Remains, II. 201) this was John Thurtell (1794–1824), afterwards notorious as the murderer of Weare.

‘Quite chap-fallen.’ Hamlet, Act V. Sc. 1.

Martin. Jack Martin, known as ‘The Master of the Rolls.’

Mr. Richmond. Bill Richmond, presumably, the veteran coloured hero, who had recently taken to teaching the art of boxing.

‘Where good digestion,’ etc. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.

5.

‘Follows so,’ etc. Henry V., Act IV. Sc. 1.

‘More figures,’ etc. Cf. Julius Cæsar, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘His dream,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

‘Seriously inclined.’ Cf. Ibid. Act I. Sc. 3.

6.

‘A lusty man,’ etc. Cf. Canterbury Tales, Prologue, 167.

7.

‘Standing,’ etc. Henry V., Act III. Sc. 1.

‘He moralised,’ etc. Cf. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘A firebrand like Bardolph’s.’ 1 Henry IV., Act II. Sc. 2.

‘Loud and furious fun.’ Cf. ‘The mirth and fun grew fast and furious.’ Burns, Tam O’Shanter. 474

7.

Cribb’s beating Jem, etc. Cribb defeated Jem Belcher twice, in 1807 and 1809. Belcher had lost an eye in 1803 through an accident when playing at rackets.

8.

Gully. John Gully (1783–1863), afterwards well known in the racing world, had retired from the ring in 1808 after two victories over Bob Gregson.

‘Alas!’ etc. Cf. ‘Alas! Leviathan is not so tamed.’ Cowper, The Task, II. 322.

9.

The Game Chicken. Henry Pearce (1777–1809).

‘That man was made to mourn.’ The title and refrain of ‘A Dirge’ by Burns.

10.

‘Between the acting,’ etc. Julius Cæsar, Act II. Sc. 1.

With Atlantean shoulders,’ etc. Paradise Lost, II. 306.

11.

‘Grinned horrible,’ etc. Ibid. II. 846.

‘Like two clouds,’ etc. Cf. Ibid. II. 714–716.

12.

Jackson. Presumably John Jackson (1769–1845), the well-known pugilist (retired 1803), known as ‘Gentleman Jackson.’

Note. Scroggins. Jack Scroggins, another well-known prizefighter.

Note. ‘In doleful dumps,’ etc. Chevy-Chace, st. 50.

13.

Procul este profani. Æneid, VI. 258.

14.

Ned Turner. Ned Turner (1791–1826), the conqueror of Scroggins.

Broughton and George Stevenson. Jack Broughton’s (1704–1789) fight with George Stevenson ‘The Coachman,’ took place, not in 1770, but in 1741.

MERRY ENGLAND

First republished in Sketches and Essays.

16. ‘I have been merry,’ etc. Cf. 2 Henry IV., Act V. Sc. 3.

‘He chirped over his cups.’ Rabelais. See vol. I. (The Round Table), p. 52.

‘There were pippins,’ etc. Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act I. Sc. 2.

‘Continents,’ etc. Hobbes, Human Nature (Works, ed. Molesworth, IV. 50).

‘They ... amused themselves,’ etc. Cf. vol. I. (The Round Table), note to p. 100.

‘Eat,’ etc. S. Luke XII. 19.

17.

‘Hair-breadth ‘scapes.’ Othello, Act I. Sc. 3.

Old Lord’s cricket-ground. Hazlitt refers to the original ‘Lord’s,’ established about 1782 by Thomas Lord, on the site now occupied by Dorset Square, where the game continued to be played till 1810. The present ‘Lord’s,’ dates from 1814.

18.

‘A cry more tuneable,’ etc. Cf. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act IV. Sc. 1.

Note. ‘The gentle and free passage of arms at Ashby.’ Described by Scott in Ivanhoe, chap. viii.

19.

‘Brothers of the angle.’ The Compleat Angler, part I. chap. i.

‘The Cockney character,’ etc. This sentence was omitted in Sketches and Essays.

20.

‘Book of Sports.’ James I.’s declaration (1618) authorising certain forms of recreation after divine service on Sundays. The declaration was republished by Charles I. in 1633.

‘And e’en on Sunday,’ etc. Burns, Tam O’Shanter.

Gilray’s shop-window. Miss Humphrey’s shop, 29 St. James’s Street, where James Gilray (1757–1815), the caricaturist, spent the last years of his life, and where his works were on view. Sketches and Essays prints ‘Fore’s shop-window.’ 475

22.

‘Merry and wise.’ ’Tis good to be merry and wise,’ a frequently quoted old proverb.

‘That under Heav’n,’ etc. The Faerie Queene, I. vii. 32. Cf. also Marlowe’s Tamburlaine the Great, Part II. Act IV. Sc. 4.

24.

Nell, etc. Nell in The Devil to Pay; Little Pickle in The Spoil’d Child, a part created by Mrs. Jordan, March 22, 1790; Lingo in The Agreeable Surprise; Nipperkin in Sprigs of Laurel, a part created by Munden, May 11, 1793; old Dornton in The Road to Ruin; Ranger in The Suspicious Husband; the Copper Captain in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife, one of Lewis’s great parts; Filch in The Beggar’s Opera; Hodge in Love in a Village; Flora in The Wonder; Lady Grace in The Provoked Husband.

‘Tut!’ etc. Cf. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 4.

‘What’s our Britain,’ etc. Ibid.

25.

As I write this, etc. See vol. IX. (Notes of a Journey through France and Italy), pp. 281 et seq.

‘And gaudy butterflies,’ etc. Cf. Gay, The Beggar’s Opera, Act I. Sc. 1.

‘All appliances,’ etc. 2 Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 1.

ON PERSONS ONE WOULD WISH TO HAVE SEEN

Republished in Literary Remains and Winterslow.

26. ‘Come like shadows,’ etc. Macbeth, Act IV. Sc. 1.

B——. B—— here and throughout the essay is Lamb. The essay professes to describe a conversation which took place at one of Lamb’s ‘Wednesdays’ at 16 Mitre Court Buildings, where Lamb resided from 1801 to 1809. Hazlitt (p. 27) describes the conversation as having taken place ‘twenty years ago.’

The defence of Guy Faux. See vol. XI. pp. 317 et seq. and notes.

‘Never so sure,’ etc. Cf. Pope, Moral Essays, II. 51–2.

A——. Here and throughout the essay William Ayrton (1777–1858), the musician.

27.

‘In his habit,’ etc. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 4.

Fulke Greville. See vol. V. (Lectures on the Age of Elizabeth), p. 231 and note, and Lamb’s Specimens of English Dramatic Poets.

‘And call up him,’ etc. Il Penseroso, 109–110.

28.

Wished that mankind, etc. Religio Medici, Part II. Sec. ix.

The portrait prefixed to the old edition. Mr. W. C. Hazlitt, in Memoirs, etc. (1867), vol. I. p. 276 note, suggests that Hazlitt refers to the 12mo edition of 1669 which Lamb possessed.

‘Here lies a She-Sun,’ etc. Poems (‘Muses Library’) I. 86, Epithalamion on the Lady Elizabeth and Count Palatine.

29.

‘Lisped in numbers,’ etc. Pope, Prologue to the Satires, 128.

30.

His interview with Petrarch, etc. The editor of The New Monthly Magazine adds a footnote: ‘Query, did they ever meet?’ Chaucer was in Italy in 1372–3, and may have met Petrarch. Cf. The Canterbury Tales, The Clerk’s Prologue, to which Hazlitt no doubt refers. Chaucer may have met Boccaccio also.

A fine portrait of Ariosto. Hazlitt possibly refers to the ‘Portrait of a Poet’ in the National Gallery, now ascribed to Palma. Titian’s portrait of Aretine is in the Pitti Gallery.

‘The mighty dead.’ Thomson, The Seasons, Winter, 432.

‘A creature,’ etc. Cf. Comus, 299–301.

476‘That was Arion,’ etc. The Faerie Queene, IV. xi. 23.

Captain C. Captain Burney; M. C., Martin Burney. See vol. VI. Table-Talk, note to p. 209.

31.

Miss D——. In Literary Remains this name is given as ‘Mrs. Reynolds,’ presumably the lady who had been Lamb’s schoolmistress. See Lamb’s Letters, ed. W. C. Hazlitt, I. 121.

A harsh, croaking voice. Not to be identified. As to Johnson’s life during 1745–6 see Boswell’s Life (ed. G. B. Hill), I. 176 and notes.

‘With lack-lustre eye.’ As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

‘Despise low joys,’ etc. Imitations of Horace, Epistles, I. vi. (to Mr. Murray), 60–62.

‘Conspicuous scene,’ etc. Ibid. 50–53.

‘Why rail they then,’ etc. Epilogue to the Satires, II. 138–9.

32.

‘But why then publish,’ etc. Prologue to the Satires, 135–146.

E——. In Literary Remains and Winterslow this blank is filled with the name of ‘Erasmus Phillips,’ but Hazlitt must refer to Lamb’s lifelong friend, Edward Phillips, secretary to Speaker Abbott (see Lamb’s Letters, ed. W. C. Hazlitt, I. 76; II. 346), or, possibly, to Colonel Phillips (Ibid. II. 148, 346).

33.

‘Nigh-sphered in Heaven.’ Collins, Ode, On the Poetical Character, 66.

J. F——. According to Literary Remains this was Barron Field (1786–1846).

34.

‘A vast species alone.’ Cowley, The Praise of Pindar, l. 2.

G——. Godwin, according to Literary Remains.

Eugene Aram. Eugene Aram (1704–1759), hanged in 1759 for the murder of Daniel Clark several years earlier at Knaresborough.

H——. Literary Remains reads ‘Hunt.’

35.

The Duchess of Bolton. Lavinia Fenton (1708–1760), the original Polly, married the third Duke of Bolton in 1751.

Captain Sentry. See The Spectator, No. 2.

36.

Giotto, etc. Giotto di Bondone (d. 1337), Giovanni Cimabue (? 1240–? 1302), and Domenico Bigardi (1449–1494), known as Ghirlandaio—three of the most famous early Florentine masters.

‘Whose names,’ etc. See vol. X. (Contributions to the Edinburgh Review), note to p. 63.

37.

The Duchess of Newcastle. Lamb is never tired of praising her. See, e.g., The Two Races of Men (Elia).

Mrs. Hutchinson. Lucy Hutchinson (b. 1620). Her Life of her husband, Colonel Hutchinson, was first published in 1806.

One in the room, etc. Mary Lamb.

Ninon de l’Enclos. Ninon de Lenclos (1616–1706), the famous beauty.

‘Your most exquisite reason.’ Cf. Twelfth Night, Act II. Sc. 3.

G——. Godwin, according to Literary Remains.

‘Oh! ever right,’ etc. Cf. Coriolanus, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘There is only one other person,’ etc. It should be noted that Literary Remains and Winterslow wrongly attribute this speech to Lamb. The Magazine clearly gives it to H——, that is, to Leigh Hunt. It is, of course, conceivable that the editor of Literary Remains silently corrected an error in the Magazine, but that does not seem likely, because, in the first place, the speech seems more characteristic of Hunt than of Lamb, and, secondly, because the volume of the New Monthly (XVI.) in which the essay appeared contains a list of errata in which two corrections (one of them relating to initials) are made in the essay and yet this ‘H——’ is left uncorrected.

477

ON THE CONVERSATION OF LORDS

Published in Sketches and Essays.

PAGE

38.

‘An infinite deal of nothing.’ The Merchant of Venice, Act I. Sc. 1.

39.

‘The wish,’ etc. 2 Henry IV., Act IV. Sc. 5.

40.

‘Bestow his tediousness.’ Cf. Much Ado About Nothing, Act III. Sc. 5.

41.

‘Treatise on Horsemanship.’ The Duke of Newcastle (1592–1676), husband of Lamb’s favourite (see ante, note to p. 37), wrote two works on horsemanship, (i) La Methode et Invention Nouvelle de dresser les Chevaux (Antwerp, 1657), and (ii) A New Method and Extraordinary Invention to Dress Horses, etc. (1667). Hazlitt probably refers to the first, which was published in English with 43 plates in vol. I. of A General System of Horsemanship (1743).

‘A question,’ etc. 1 Henry IV., Act II. Sc. 4.

‘The act’ [art], etc. Henry V., Act I. Sc. 1.

42.

‘The feast of reason,’ etc. Pope, Imitations of Horace, Satire I. l. 128.

‘Catch glimpses,’ etc. Cf. Wordsworth’s sonnet ‘The world is too much with us,’ etc.

43.

‘Face to face,’ etc. Cf. 1 Corinthians xiii. 12.

‘With jealous leer malign.’ Paradise Lost, IV. 503.

‘Best can feel them,’ etc. ‘He best can paint them who shall feel them most.’ Pope, Eloisa to Abelard, 366.

The Roxburgh Club. Founded in 1812 to celebrate the sale of the third Duke of Roxburgh’s great library.

‘With sparkling eyes,’ etc. Cf. Watts, Hymns and Spiritual Songs, Book II. Hymn 65.

44.

‘Pure in the last recesses,’ etc. Cf. Dryden, Translations from Persius, Sat. II. l. 133.

‘Or write,’ etc. Cf. Pope, Epilogue to the Satires, I. 137.

45.

‘Held on their way,’ etc. See vol. IV. (Reply to Malthus), note to p. 42.

‘The labour’ etc. Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 3.

46.

‘From every work,’ etc. The Faerie Queen, I. iv. 20.

Otium cum dignitate. Cicero, Pro P. Sestio, c. 45.

N——. Probably Northcote.

A celebrated critic. ? Jeffrey, whom Hazlitt had visited at Craigcrook.

47.

‘That there are powers,’ etc. Wordsworth, Expostulation and Reply, 21–24.

50.

‘A man’s mind,’ etc. Cf. Antony and Cleopatra, III. 13.

The Letter to Sir William Wyndham. Published by Mallet in 1753.

Lord Bolingbroke had, it seems, etc. This cannot be true, though Chatham’s admiration of Bolingbroke’s eloquence is well known.

‘As if a man,’ etc. Coriolanus, v. 3.

ON A SUN-DIAL

First republished in Sketches and Essays, where it is said to have been written in Italy in 1825.

51.

‘To carve out dials,’ etc. 3 Henry VI., Act II. Sc. 5.

52.

‘Morals on the time.’ Cf. As You Like it, Act II. Sc. 7.

54.

‘How sweet the moonlight,’ etc. The Merchant of Venice, Act V. Sc. 1.

The account given by Rousseau, etc. Hazlitt is probably referring to a somewhat similar story told in Les Confessions, Partie II. Livre XI. 478

55.

‘Allons, mon fils,’ etc. Les Confessions, Partie I. Livre I.

‘Lend it,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.

‘With its brazen throat,’ etc. Cf. King John, Act III. Sc. 3.

‘Swinging slow,’ etc. Il Penseroso, 76.

56.

Even George IV., etc. This sentence is omitted in Sketches and Essays.

‘The poor man’s only music.’ Coleridge, Frost at Midnight, 29.

57.

Goes to church, etc. Cf. Twelfth Night, Act I. Sc. 3.

‘Sing those witty rhymes,’ etc. Cf. Wordsworth, The Fountain, 13–15.

58.

‘As in a map,’ etc. Cowper, The Task, VI. 17.

‘With light-winged toys,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act I. Sc. 3.

‘Diana and her fawn,’ etc. Hazlitt seems to be quoting from himself. See vol. IX. p. 107.

59.

‘With lack-lustre eye.’ As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

I have done something of the kind before. Hazlitt probably refers to the sketch of his father in ‘My First Acquaintance with Poets’ (post, pp. 262–3). Cf. also vol. III. (Political Essays), pp. 265–6.

WHY THE HEROES OF ROMANCE ARE INSIPID

Published in Sketches and Essays.

60.

‘To gild refined gold,’ etc. King John, Act IV. Sc. 2.

‘Faultless monsters.’ John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham, Essay on Poetry.

61.

The grand Cyruses, the Artamenes. Mlle. de Scudéry’s Artamène ou le Grand Cyrus was published in 10 vols., 1649–53.

Oroondates. In La Calprenède’s Cassandra.

‘Mistress’ eyebrow.’ As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

62.

‘Be mine,’ etc. Gray, Letters (ed. Tovey), I. 97.

‘The Princess of Cleves.’ By Madame de la Fayette (1678).

The Duke de Nemours. In La Princesse de Clèves.

‘Ugly all over,’ etc. See vol. II. (Life of Holcroft), note to p. 130.

64.

Narcissa and Emily Gauntlet. Narcissa in Roderick Random; Emily Gauntlet in Peregrine Pickle; Winifred Jenkins in Humphry Clinker.

‘Her heroes,’ etc. Cf. ‘Most women have no characters at all.’ Pope, Moral Essays, II. 2.

Theodore, Valancourt. Theodore in The Romance of the Forest; Valancourt in The Mysteries of Udolpho.

65.

Miss Milner. Miss Milner and Dorriforth in A Simple Story (1791); Lord Norwynne in Nature and Art (1796).

67.

‘All germins,’ etc. King Lear, Act III. Sc. 2.

‘Tears such as angels shed [weep].’ Paradise Lost, I. 620.

THE SHYNESS OF SCHOLARS

Republished in Literary Remains.

68.

‘And of his port,’ etc. The Canterbury Tales. The Prologue, 69.

‘If you have not seen,’ etc. Cf. As You Like It, Act III. Sc. 2.

70.

‘Fools rush in,’ etc. Pope, An Essay on Criticism, III. 625.

71.

‘In peace,’ etc. Henry V., Act III. Sc. 1.

72.

‘Gods of his idolatry.’ Cf. Romeo and Juliet, Act II. Sc. 2.

73.

‘Will not have,’ etc. Cf. Coriolanus, Act II. Sc. 2.

‘Vix ea nostra voco.’ Ovid, Metam. XIII. 141. 479

75.

‘Scholar’s melancholy.’ As You Like It, Act IV. Sc. 1.

‘He held,’ etc. Cf. Gray’s Elegy, Stanza III., which Hazlitt seems to have had in mind.

‘From humble porter [port],’ etc. Townley, High Life Below Stairs, II. 1.

76.

‘Modest as morning,’ etc. Troilus and Cressida, Act I. Sc. 3.

‘Deprived of its natural patrons,’ etc. Cf. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 93).

THE MAIN-CHANCE

Published in Literary Remains with omissions and a few additions. The additions are printed in the text within square brackets. In other respects the Essay is printed verbatim from the Magazine.

78.

‘Search then,’ etc. Pope, Moral Essays, III. 174–179.

82.

‘Sown,’ etc. Cf. Middleton, The Witch, Act I. Sc. 2.

83.

Mr. F. Beckford sold Fonthill to John Farquhar in 1822.

86.

Note. ‘Men act from calculation,’ etc. Cf. Principles of Morals and Legislation, Ch. XIV. Sec. xxviii.

Note. ‘A Mad World.’ etc. John Taylor, Wandering to see the Wonders of the West (1649).

88.

‘Now all ye ladies,’ etc. These lines by Scott form the motto of chap. xii. of The Betrothed, where they are entitled ‘Family Quarrels.’

Note. ‘Have I not seen,’ etc. The Betrothed, chap. XII.

Note. ‘I would take,’ etc. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. II.

Note. Dr. Jamieson. John Jamieson (1759–1838), whose Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language appeared in 1808.

90.

‘Some trick,’ etc. Coriolanus, Act IV. Sc. 4.

91.

Mr. Bartholine Saddletree. In The Heart of Midlothian.

Peter Peebles. In Redgauntlet.

The Baron of Bradwardine, etc. In Waverley.

‘The age of chivalry,’ etc. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 89).

‘Smack of honour.’ Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 2.

93.

‘An ounce,’ etc. Cf. The Faerie Queene, I. iii. 30.

95.

‘Masterless passion,’ etc. Cf. The Merchant of Venice, Act IV. Sc. 1.

SELF-LOVE AND BENEVOLENCE

These two papers were republished in Sketches and Essays (1839), but were omitted in the second edition (1852). Mr. W. C. Hazlitt restored them in his edition in Bohn’s Standard Library, where he states that they were written in Italy in 1825, and represent a conversation between the author, Landor and Captain Medwin.

PAGE

96.

‘Sound significant.’ Hazlitt was perhaps thinking of Milton’s words, ‘the sound symphonious.’ Paradise Lost, VII. 558.

‘These needs,’ etc. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.

99.

‘Nihil humani,’ etc. Terence, Heauton-Timoroumenos, I. 1. ‘Greater love,’ etc. Cf. St. John XV. 13.

102.

‘Letting I should not,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 7.

104.

‘Throw honour,’ etc. Cf. Ibid. Act V. Sc. 3. 480

104.

Very’s. A well-known restaurant in Paris. Cf. Moore’s The Fudge Family in Paris, Letter III.

The Count de Stutt-Tracy. See Vol. VII. (The Plain Speaker), p. 323 and note.

105.

‘This one entire,’ etc. Othello, Act V. Sc. 2.

‘Precious jewel,’ etc. Cf. Ibid. Act III. Sc. 3.

‘Plain truth,’ etc. Cf. Pope, Imitations of Horace, Epistles, I. 6, l. 3.

C. D. See post, note to p. 119.

‘I shall be ever,’ etc. Cf. Garrick’s verses in reply to Dr. John Hill. They are quoted in Doran’s Annals of the English Stage, II. 326.

106.

‘No more of that,’ etc. 1 Henry IV., Act II. Sc. 4.

108.

‘Come, but no farther,’ Job xxxviii. 11.

112.

‘Come, let me clutch thee.’ Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 1.

113.

‘And coming events,’ etc. Campbell, Lochiel’s Warning.

115.

‘Made and moulded of things past.’ Troilus and Cressida, Act III. Sc. 3.

‘Thou art to continue,’ etc. Measure for Measure, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘Here and hereafter,’ etc. Byron, Sardanapalus, Act IV. Sc. 1.

116.

‘I do not think,’ etc. See vol. VII. (Essay on the Principles of Human Action), pp. 430–3.

119.

J. D. Mr. W. C. Hazlitt, in his edition of Sketches and Essays, states that on a folio leaf in his possession, the initials are J. L. and C. L., and that Lamb and his brother are evidently the persons intended. If that be so, A. and C. can hardly be Landor and Medwin. Possibly A. represents Ayrton and Captain C. Captain Burney, but all the initials are merely matter for conjecture, and it is extremely unlikely that the dialogue ever took place in anything like its present form.

‘This is the strangest tale,’ etc. 1 Henry IV., Act V. Sc. 4.

THE FREE ADMISSION

Now republished for the first time. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc., I. xxx.

120.

‘Loop-holes of retreat.’ Cowper, The Task, IV. 88.

121.

‘He is all ear and eye,’ etc. Cf. Comus, 560–2.

‘The fly,’ etc. The Beggar’s Opera, Act II. Sc. 2.

‘Oh! leave me,’ etc. Cf. Gray, The Vegtam’s Kivitha.

My beloved corner. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc., I. 205.

‘The arm-chair at an inn. ‘A tavern chair is the throne of human felicity.’ Johnson (Boswell’s Life, ed. G. B. Hill, II. 452, note 1).

‘Witching time of night.’ Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.

‘Like bees in spring-time,’ etc. Paradise Lost, I. 768–9.

122.

‘A discipline of humanity.’ Bacon (Essays, ‘Of Marriage and Single Life’) applies the phrase to wife and children. Hazlitt himself applies it to books (vol. I. The Round Table, p. 123).

‘Retire, the world shut out,’ etc. Young, Night Thoughts, IX.

‘Still, small voice.’ 1 Kings xix. 12.

Miss Ford. Hazlitt refers to Miss Forde as Cherry in The Beaux Stratagem (revived Covent Garden, Dec. 31, 1828). In Lectures on the Comic Writers (VIII. 88) he refers to the dialogue in Act III. Sc. 2 as a ‘love catechism.’

Mrs. Humby. Mrs. Humby (fl. 1817–1849) played Luise in Planché’s The Green-eyed Monster at the Haymarket, Aug. 18, 1828. Wilkinson played Krout.

Mrs. Goodall’s Rosalind. Charlotte Goodall, after acting at Bath, made her 481first appearance in London (Drury Lane, Oct. 2, 1788) as Rosalind. Nothing is known of her after 1813, when she was divorced.

122.

‘Blow, blow,’ etc. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

‘Strut and fret,’ etc. Macbeth, Act V. Sc. 5.

123.

‘See o’er the stage,’ etc. Cf. Thomson, The Seasons, Winter, 646–8.

‘Takes his ease.’ Cf. 1 Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 3.

124.

‘All that mighty heart,’ etc. Cf. Wordsworth’s Sonnet, Earth has not anything to shew more fair, etc.

‘Thy freedom,’ etc. Cf. ‘Thy beauty hath made me effeminate.’ Romeo and Juliet, Act III. Sc. 1.

‘Teddy the Tiler.’ A farce by G. H. B. Rodwell (1800–1852), produced at Covent Garden, Feb. 8, 1830.

‘Robert the Devil.’ A ‘Musical Romance’ by Raymond, produced at Covent Garden, Feb. 2, 1830.

‘What avails,’ etc. The Rev. Sneyd Davies, To the Honourable and Reverend F. C. (Dodsley, A Collection of Poems, VI. 138).

‘The frozen winter,’ etc. Hazlitt is quoting loosely from Paradise Lost, IV. 267–8.

Cowley’s Gallery. The reference is to Cowley’s The Chronicle.

THE SICK CHAMBER

First republished in the volume of Selections edited by Mr. Ireland, who states, apparently upon the evidence of dates and the nature of the subject, that this was the last essay which Hazlitt wrote. This cannot be certainly known, and it seems more likely that the essay on ‘Personal Politics’ (post, pp. 456–61) was written later. The essay on ‘Footmen’ appeared in a later number of the New Monthly. Hazlitt died on Sept. 18, 1830.

PAGE

125.

‘The body of this death.’ Romans vii. 24.

‘Cooped and cabined in.’ Cf. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.

‘Peep through the blanket,’ etc. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.

‘A consummation,’ etc. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

126.

Hoc erat in votis. Horace, Satires, II. vi. 1.

‘Our very gorge,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act V. Sc. 1.

‘Hermit poor,’ etc. These lines are quoted in Lamb’s John Woodvil, Act V.

‘Vows made in pain’ etc. Paradise Lost, IV. 97.

‘The Devil,’ etc. This old proverb is quoted by Rabelais, Liv. IV. Chap. 24.

127.

‘Like life and death,’ etc. Cf. Lamb, John Woodvil, Act II.

‘Trouble deaf Heaven,’ etc. Cf. Shakespeare’s Sonnets, No. XXIX.

‘Moralise our complaints,’ etc. Cf. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘They have drugged,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 2.

‘Puzzling o’er the doubt.’ Cf. Cowper, The Needless Alarm, 77–78.

128.

‘Like Samson,’ etc. Cowper, The Task, V. 737.

‘The worst of every evil,’ etc. Cf. Temistocle, Act III. Sc. 2.

129.

‘A world,’ etc. Cf. Wordsworth, Personal Talk, l. 34.

‘A foregone conclusion.’ Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

130.

‘We see the children,’ etc. Cf. Wordsworth, Ode, Intimations of Immortality, 170–1.

Paul Clifford. Bulwer’s Paul Clifford appeared in 1830.

‘Lively,’ etc. Coriolanus, Act IV. Sc. 5.

‘The true pathos,’ etc. Burns, Epistle to Dr. Blacklock.

482

FOOTMEN

Republished in Sketches and Essays.

PAGE

131.

Sewell and Cross’s. Linen-drapers and silk-mercers, 44 and 45 Old Compton Street, Soho.

The Bazaar. Established in 1815.

‘The Corinthian capitals,’ etc. Cf. Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 164).

132.

As I look down Curzon Street. The essay would seem to have been written at 40 Half-Moon Street, where Hazlitt lodged from 1827 to 1829.

133.

‘Brothers of the groves.’ Cf. vol. VIII. note to p. 467.

Mr. N——. Sketches and Essays prints ‘Northcote.’

‘High Life Below Stairs.’ By James Townley (1714–1788), produced in 1759.

Mr. C——.? Coleridge.

Cassock. Sketches and Essays prints hassock.

The fate of the footman, etc. See Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s Epistle from Arthur Grey, the Footman, to Mrs. Murray.

134.

‘Vine-covered hills,’ etc. From lines ‘Written in 1788’ by William Roscoe and parodied in The Anti-Jacobin.

‘As pigeons pick up peas.’ Cf. Love’s Labour’s Lost, V. 2.

135.

‘No more—where ignorance,’ etc. Gray, On a Distant Prospect of Eton College.

M. de Bausset. Louis François Joseph, Baron de Bausset (b. 1770), author of Mémoires anecdotiques sur l’intérieur du palais (1827–8).

136.

Wear green spectacles. These three words, which seem to have a personal application, were omitted in Sketches and Essays. Cf. post, p. 217.

ON THE WANT OF MONEY

Republished in Literary Remains.

137.

‘The heaviest stone,’ etc. Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia, chap. IV.

138.

‘That Mr. Moore,’ etc. Moore’s Life of Sheridan appeared in 1825. This sentence was omitted in Literary Remains.

139.

Note. ‘Such gain,’ etc. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 3.

140.

‘Screw one’s courage,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 7.

‘As kind,’ etc. Dryden, The Hind and the Panther, I. 271.

141.

‘Of formal cut.’ As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

The fair Aurora. Gil Blas, Livre IV.

Monsieur de Very. See ante, note to p. 104.

Apicius. Marcus Gabius Apicius, the notorious Roman epicure, referred to by Pliny, X. 48, 68, § 133.

Amelia’s hashed mutton. Amelia, Book X. chap. V.

142.

‘And ever,’ etc. L’Allegro, 135–6.

‘We called,’ etc. Cf. Colonel Jack, chap. 1.

‘The Colonel,’ etc. Ibid.

The City Madam. See Massinger’s, The City Madam, III. 3.

‘Spanish Rogue.’ Hazlitt refers to Mateo Aleman’s Guzman de Alfarache (1599). Cf. vol. VIII. (Lectures on the Comic Writers), p. 111. 483

142.

Mr. Lamb has referred, etc. See Lamb’s Specimens, note to Rowley’s A New Wonder (Works, ed. E. V. Lucas, IV. 126).

Note. ‘His daughter and his ducats.’ The Merchant of Venice, Act II. Sc. 8.

143.

‘By their so potent art.’ Cf. The Tempest, Act V. Sc. 1.

144.

‘We know,’ etc. Hamlet, Act IV. Sc. 5.

‘Within that lowest deep,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, IV. 76–77.

146.

I never knew but one man, etc. ? Jeffrey.

‘With wine,’ etc. Cf. Milton’s Sonnet, Lawrence, of virtuous father, etc.

149.

‘Pure in the last recesses of the mind.’ Dryden, The Second Satire of Persius, 133.

Mr. Thomas Wedgwood. Thomas Wedgwood (1771–1805), Coleridge’s friend.

‘We can hold,’ etc. Richard II., Act I. Sc. 3.

ON THE FEELING OF IMMORTALITY IN YOUTH

Republished with many omissions and variations in Literary Remains and Winterslow.

PAGE

150.

‘Life is a pure flame,’ etc. Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia, chap. V.

My brother’s. John Hazlitt (1767–1837), the miniature-painter. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Four Generations of a Literary Family, I. 210–18.

151.

‘The vast,’ etc. Cf. ‘The wide, the unbounded prospect, lies before me.’ Addison, Cato, Act V. Sc. 1.

‘Bear a charmed life.’ Macbeth, Act V. Sc. 8.

‘Bidding,’ etc. Collins’s Ode, The Passions, 32.

‘This sensible,’ etc. Measure for Measure, Act III. Sc. 1.

152.

‘Wine of life,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 3.

‘As in a glass darkly.’ Cf. 1 Corinthians xiii. 12.

‘So am not I.’ Sterne, Tristram Shandy, vol. V. chap. vii.

Note. The Art of War (1795) by Joseph Fawcett (d. 1804), an early friend of Hazlitt’s. See vol. VI. (Table-Talk), 224–5 and Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc., I. 75–79.

153.

‘The feast of reason,’ etc. Pope, Imitations of Horace, Sat. I. 128.

‘Brave sublunary things.’ Cf. ‘Those brave translunary things.’ Michael Drayton, To Henry Reynolds.

‘The stockdove,’ etc. Cf. Thomson, The Castle of Indolence, I. St. 4.

Note. ‘Had it not been,’ etc. Works, II. 254.

Note. She says of Richardson. See Works, II. 285 et seq. and 222.

Note. Monstrum ingens biforme. Cf. Æneid, III. 658.

Note. ‘His spirits,’ etc. Works, II. 283.

156.

‘The purple light of love.’ Gray, The Progress of Poesy, 41.

‘The Raphael grace,’ etc. Cf. ‘Match Raphael’s grace with thy loved Guido’s air. ‘Pope, Moral Essays, VIII. 36.

‘Gain new vigour,’ etc. Cowper, Charity, 104.

157.

‘Beguile,’ etc. Cf. ‘Lose and neglect the creeping hours of time.’ As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

158.

‘Robbers.’ Schiller’s play, produced in 1782.

‘From the Dungeon,’ etc. Coleridge, Sonnet, ‘To the Author of The Robbers.’

Don Carlos. Schiller’s play (1787). 484

158.

‘That time is past,’ etc. Cf. Wordsworth, Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey, 83–85.

159.

‘Even from the tomb,’ etc. Gray’s Elegy, 91–92.

‘All the life,’ etc. Cf. ‘For a’ the life of life is dead.’ Burns, Lament for James, Earl of Glencairn, st. 6.

‘From the last dregs,’ etc. Cf. Dryden, Aurengzebe, Act IV. Sc. 1.

160.

‘Treason domestic,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 2.

‘Reverbs its own hollowness.’ Cf. King Lear, Act I. Sc. 1.

ON READING NEW BOOKS

Published with omissions in Sketches and Essays. The essay was written at Florence. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc. II. 154.

PAGE

161.

Note. See vol. VIII. (Lectures on the Comic Writers), p. 22 and note.

162.

‘Has just come,’ etc. Cf. Richard III., Act I. Sc. 1.

164.

A Manuscript of Cicero’s. Hazlitt probably refers to Cardinal Angelo Mai’s (1782–1854) discoveries.

A Noble Lord. The Marquis of Blandford, who bought Valdarfer’s edition of Boccaccio for £2260 at the Roxburgh sale in 1812. Cf. ante, p. 43.

Mr. Thomas Taylor. Thomas Taylor (1758–1835), the Platonist. The ‘old Duke of Norfolk’ (Bernard Edward, 12th Duke, 1765–1842) was his patron, and locked up nearly the whole of Taylor’s edition of Plato (5 vols., 1804) in his library.

Ireland’s celebrated forgery. The main forgery, Vortigern, by William Henry Ireland, was produced at Drury Lane on April 2, 1796.

Note. Mr. G. D.’s chambers. Lamb’s friend George Dyer (1755–1841) lived in Clifford’s Inn from 1792. His History of the University and Colleges of Cambridge, etc. was published in 2 vols. in 1814. In reference to the number of corrections in this work, Lamb spoke of Dyer as ‘Cancellarius Magnus.’

Note. Another friend of mine, etc. Leigh Hunt. See his essay ‘Jack Abbot’s Breakfast’ reprinted in Men, Women, and Books (1847).

166.

‘Proud as when,’ etc. Cf. Troilus and Cressida, Act I. Sc. 3.

167.

‘Like sunken wreck,’ etc. Cf. Henry V., Act I. Sc. 2.

168.

‘Full of wise σατυς,’ etc. Cf. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

‘An insolent piece of paper.’ ‘A piece of arrogant paper.’ Massinger, A New Way to pay Old Debts, Act IV. Sc. 3.

‘Somewhat musty.’ Cf. ‘Something musty.’ Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.

Longinus complains, etc. See Longinus, On the Sublime, IX.

169.

Irving’s orations. Cf. vol. IV. (The Spirit of the Age), p. 228.

The Jew’s letters. Dr. Philip le Fanu published in 1777 a translation of the Abbé Guenée’s Lettres de certaines Juives à M. Voltaire.

That Van Diemen’s Land of letters. These words were omitted in Sketches and Essays.

Flocci-nauci, etc. Shenstone, Letter xxi. 1741 (Works, 1791, III. 49).

‘Flames in the forehead,’ etc. Lycidas, 171.

170.

Mr. Godwin composed an Essay, etc. Hazlitt perhaps refers to the letter added by ‘Edward Baldwin’ to his own English Grammar. See vol. VI. p. 388.

Note. A certain poet. This note was omitted in Sketches and Essays.

171.

‘By Heavens,’ etc. Wordsworth Sonnet, The world is too much with us. 485

171.

‘Trampled,’ etc. Cf. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 93).

‘Kept like an apple,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act IV. Sc. 2.

172.

Note. ‘Speak evil of dignities.’ 2 Peter ii. 10.

Note. The Queens matrimonial-ladder. One of William Hone’s squibs, published in 1820, and illustrated with fourteen cuts by Cruikshank.

ON DISAGREEABLE PEOPLE

Republished in Sketches and Essays.

174.

‘Discourse of reason,’ etc. Loosely quoted from Hamlet. Cf. Act I. Sc. 2 and Act IV. Sc. 4.

‘The whole,’ etc. Cf. S. Matthew ix. 12.

‘As when,’ etc. Thomson, The Castle of Indolence, St. 64.

177.

‘Yea, into our heart of hearts.’ Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.

‘The volumes,’ etc. Roscommon, Horace’s Art of Poetry.

‘That dallies,’ etc. Cf. Twelfth Night, Act II. Sc. 4.

178.

‘Wit at the helm,’ etc. Cf. ‘Youth on the prow, and Pleasure at the helm.’ Gray, The Bard, 74.

179.

A butt, according to the Spectator, etc. See The Spectator, No. 47.

181.

‘Hew you,’ etc. Cf. Julius Cæsar, Act II. Sc. 1.

Tempora, etc. Cf. Æneid, IV. 293–4.

‘Not to admire,’ etc. Pope, Imitations of Horace, Epistles I. vi. 1–2.

The Westminster School of Reform. Hazlitt refers to the writers, including Bentham and James Mill, associated with The Westminster Review, founded in 1824.

182.

‘Milk of human kindness.’ Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.

ON MEANS AND ENDS

Published in Literary Remains with many variations presumably introduced by the editor, and again in the same form in Winterslow.

PAGE

184.

‘We work by wit,’ etc. Othello, Act II. Sc. 3.

185.

‘Leaps at once,’ etc. Cowper, The Task, V. 686.

‘From Indus,’ etc. Pope, Eloisa to Abelard, 58.

187.

Hinc illæ lachrymæ. Horace, Epistles, I. xix. 41.

188.

‘Constrained by mastery.’ Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, The Franklin’s Tale, 36; Wordsworth quotes the line in The Excursion, VI. 162–5.

189.

‘Makes a sunshine,’ etc. The Faerie Queene, I. iii. 4.

190.

David’s and Girodet’s pictures. Jacques Louis David (1748–1825) and Anne Louis Girodet (1767–1824).

‘Potations, pottle-deep.’ Othello, Act II. Sc. 3.

192.

‘In a phantasma,’ etc. Julius Cæsar, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘Courage,’ etc. Paradise Lost, I. 108.

193.

‘His thoughts,’ etc. Cf. Ibid., IX. 467.

Note. Strong passion, etc. Cf. The Rambler, No. 1.

Note. ‘The lunatic,’ etc. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act V. Sc. 1.

194.

‘Set but a Scotsman,’ etc. Cf. Burns, The Author’s Earnest Cry and Prayer, Postscript, St. 4.

‘And it alone,’ etc. Cf. Twelfth Night, Act I. Sc. 1.

‘We read his works.’ Lamb’s Essay ‘On the Genius and Character of Hogarth’ (Works, ed. E. V. Lucas, I. 71). 486

195.

‘The darlings of his precious eye.’ Cf. ‘Make it a darling like your precious eye.’ Othello, Act III. Sc. 4.

196.

‘The jovial thigh,’ etc. Cf. Cymbeline, Act IV. Sc. 2.

197.

‘They are careful,’ etc. Cf. S. Luke X. 41–42.

198.

‘And with their darkness,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, I. 391.

‘They also serve,’ etc. Adapted from Milton’s Sonnet, No. XX., ‘When I consider how my light is spent,’ etc.

ON PERSONAL IDENTITY

Published with some omissions in Winterslow.

‘Ha! here be,’ etc. King Lear, Act III. Sc. 4.

‘If I were not Alexander,’ etc. The saying is given by Plutarch.

Note. Zoffani. Johann Zoffany, or Zaufelly (1733–1810).

Note. Reynolds’s Speculation. A comedy by Frederick Reynolds, produced in 1795. George III. was much amused by it. See Life of Reynolds, II. 208–210.

199.

‘Wishing to be,’ etc. Cf. Shakespeare, Sonnet XXIX.

‘The rub,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

‘Put off,’ etc. Ibid.

200.

‘What more felicity,’ etc. Spenser, Muiopotmos, St. 27.

201.

‘That something,’ etc. Cf. Pope, An Essay on Man, IV. 3–4.

‘Very choice Italian.’ Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.

‘Vows,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, IV. 97.

‘The native hue,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

202.

‘Shut up,’ etc. Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘I’d sooner,’ etc. Cf. Julius Cæsar, Act IV. Sc. 3.

Sir Thomas Lethbridge. A sturdy Tory, member for Somersetshire. He is possibly the L—— referred to in vol. VI. (Table-Talk), p. 94. Though a staunch Protectionist, he voted for Reform and Catholic Emancipation.

203.

‘Ethereal braid,’ etc. See vol. IV. (The Spirit of the Age), note to p. 216.

Had I been a lord I should have married, etc. This sentence and the next were omitted in Winterslow.

204.

‘Give me,’ etc. Cf. 3 Henry VI., Act I. Sc. 4.

‘Monarchise,’ etc. Richard II., Act III. Sc. 2.

‘Tenth transmitters,’ etc. Richard Savage, The Bastard.

‘In the catalogue,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 1.

‘Swinish multitude.’ Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 93).

205.

‘The fair,’ etc. Cf. As You Like It, Act III. Sc. 2.

The person who bought Punch. Cf. post, p. 353.

206.

Why will Mr. Cobbett, etc. Cobbett had recently (1826) unsuccessfully contested Preston.

The bird described by Chaucer. See Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Manciple’s Tale, 59 et seq., and The Squiere’s Tale, 603 et seq.

You say there is a common language, etc. These words, down to ‘And he will laugh in your face,’ were omitted in Winterslow.

207.

‘A certain tender bloom,’ etc. Cf. ‘A certain tender gloom o’erspread his face.’ Thomson, The Castle of Indolence, I. St. 57.

208.

‘Stuff o’ the conscience.’ Othello, Act I. Sc. 2.

‘Laggard age.’ Collins, Ode, The Passions, 112.

209.

Like Benvenuto Cellini, etc. See Life of Benvenuto Cellini, Part II. lxxviii.

487

APHORISMS ON MAN

Now republished for the first time. In The Monthly Magazine they appeared as follows: I.–XI. October 1830; XII.–XXXVI. November 1830; XXXVII.–XLVII. December 1830; XLVIII.–LV. April 1831; LVI.–LXVI. May 1831; LXVII.–LXX. June 1831. They are described as ‘by the late William Hazlitt.’

PAGE

210.

Monmouth-street. In St. Giles’s, now partly occupied by Shaftesbury Avenue. Allusions to its old-clothes shops are very frequent in eighteenth-century literature.

211.

‘In the deep bosom,’ etc. Richard III., Act I. Sc. 1.

‘At one fell swoop.’ Macbeth, Act IV. Sc. 3.

214.

O’Connell. Hazlitt no doubt refers to the proceedings of O’Connell after his election for Co. Clare in 1828.

215.

‘The soft collar,’ etc. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 90).

‘The iron rod,’ etc. Cf. ‘When the scourge inexorably, and the torturing hour, Calls us to penance.’ Paradise Lost, II. 90–2.

217.

An editor. Cf. ante, p. 136.

218.

‘There goes my wicked self.’ Hazlitt was perhaps thinking of the saying attributed to John Bradford (1510?–1555), who, on seeing some criminals going to execution, is said to have exclaimed: ‘But for the grace of God, there goes John Bradford.’

‘To be honest,’ etc. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

L——.? Lamb.

219.

‘Leave others poor indeed.’ Cf. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

‘To be direct,’ etc. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

220.

‘Tout homme,’ etc. Cf. vol. I. (The Round Table), note to p. 117.

221.

A popular author. Scott, no doubt.

‘Writes himself,’ etc. Cf. The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act I. Sc. 1.

223.

‘To triumph,’ etc. Gray, The Bard, 142.

224.

A certain bookseller. Sir Richard Phillips. See vol. VI. (Mr. Northcote’s Conversations), p. 418.

225.

‘From every work,’ etc. The Faerie Queene, I. IV. 20.

226.

‘Melted,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.

Beau Didapper. See Joseph Andrews, Book IV. chap. IX.

228.

‘Damned spot.’ Macbeth, Act V. Sc. 1.

229.

‘The web,’ etc. All’s Well that Ends Well, Act IV. Sc. 3.

The Devil’s Elixir, etc. The Devil’s Elixir, or the Shadowless Man, a musical romance by Edward Fitzball (1792–1873), produced at Covent Garden, April 20, 1829; The Bottle Imp, a melodrama by Richard Brinsley Peake (1792–1847), produced at the Lyceum, July 7, 1828, and at Covent Garden, Oct. 17, 1828.

Mr. Farley. Charles Farley (1771–1859), the actor, to whose skill as a theatrical machinist at Covent Garden Hazlitt here refers.

230.

‘La Belle Assemblée’s dresses for May.’ Cf. ‘In the manner of—Ackerman’s dresses for May’ (Moore, Horace, XI. ii.), quoted elsewhere by Hazlitt.

M. Stultz. M. Stulz, the well-known tailor, referred to by Bulwer in Pelham and (more than once) by Thackeray.

488

A CHAPTER ON EDITORS

Republished with some omissions in Sketches and Essays. In the Magazine there is the following note by the Editor:—‘We give insertion to this article, one of the posthumous papers of Mr. Hazlitt, to shew that we do not consider ourselves implicated in the abuses complained of; and that we have no right to any share of indignation so whimsically lavished upon our fraternity. Ed.’

PAGE

230.

‘Our withers,’ etc. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.

‘Tittle-tattle.’ The phrase is so printed in the Magazine and in Sketches and Essays, but Hazlitt probably wrote ‘kittle cattle,’ a distinctively Scots expression for what he meant to say.

‘Lay the flattering unction,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 4.

231.

As Mr. Horne Tooke said, etc. See vol. IV. (The Spirit of the Age), p. 236 and note.

232.

We only know one Editor. Hazlitt possibly refers to the Editor of Blackwood’s Magazine.

We will not mention names, etc. This sentence was omitted in Sketches and Essays.

‘More subtle web,’ etc. The Faerie Queene, II. xii. 77.

233.

The conductor, etc. This sentence and the next but one were omitted in Sketches and Essays.

‘Here’s the rub.’ Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

THE LETTER-BELL

Reprinted with considerable omissions in Sketches and Essays.

235

‘One entire,’ etc. Othello, Act V. Sc. 2

Blue hills. Cf. vol. VI. (Table-Talk), p. 256.

236.

‘I should notice,’ etc. A long passage from this point to ‘accumulate to a tolerable sum’ (p. 237) was omitted from Sketches and Essays.

From —— to ——. Sketches and Essays reads ‘From Wem to Shrewsbury.’ Cf. My First Acquaintance with Poets, post, p. 260.

‘And by the vision splendid,’ etc. Cf. Wordsworth’s Ode, Intimations of Immortality, 73–74.

‘What though the radiance,’ etc. Ibid. 179–82.

‘Like morn,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, v. 310–11.

And may he not yet greet the yellow light, etc. Cf. post, p. 271.

‘And from his neck so free,’ etc. The Ancient Mariner, 289–91.

238.

Vangoyen. Jan Van Goyen (1596–1666), one of whose landscapes, it would seem, Hazlitt had copied.

‘The slow canal,’ etc. Goldsmith, The Traveller, 293–4.

‘While with an eye,’ etc. Wordsworth, Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey, 47–49.

‘The secrets,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.

‘Entire affection,’ etc. Cf. The Faerie Queene, I. viii. 40.

‘His shame,’ etc. Cf. Goldsmith, The Deserted Village, 412.

‘Made good digestion,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.

239.

An ingenious friend and arch-critic. ? Jeffrey.

‘More germain [germane],’ etc. Hamlet, Act V. Sc. 2.

240.

‘Hark!’ etc. Cowper, The Task, IV. 1, et seq.

Lord Byron denies, etc. See vol. VI. (Table-Talk), p. 210 and note, and vol. XI. (Fugitive Writings), p. 492. 489

240.

The telegraphs. A system of semaphores, presumably. Electric telegraphs belong to a later date.

The new revolution. The Revolution of July 1830. Cf. post, pp. 456, et seq.

The beacon-fires. See the Agamemnon of Æschylus, ll. 281–316.

ON THE SPIRIT OF MONARCHY

Republished in Literary Remains. The essay was published (? 1835) as a pamphlet (together with ‘The Moral Effects of Aristocracy,’ by Godwin).

PAGE

242.

‘And by the vision,’ etc. See ante, note to p. 236.

The madman in Hogarth. The Rake’s Progress, Plate VIII.

‘There goes,’ etc. Cf. ante, p. 218.

We once heard, etc. In vol. VI. (Mr. Northcote’s Conversations), p. 387, this sentiment is attributed to a ‘Mr. R——.’ It is clear from the present passage that this person was not Mr. Railton, but William Roscoe (1753–1831), the well-known historian, and that therefore the reading of The London Weekly Review was correct. See note to vol. VI. p. 387.

243.

‘That within,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.

‘To fear,’ etc. Othello, Act I. Sc. 2.

244.

‘Peep through,’ etc. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.

‘Great is Diana,’ etc. Acts xix. 28.

‘Your gods,’ etc. Cf. S. Matthew xiii. 13.

In contempt of their worshippers. Cf. Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 17).

Note. Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel, I. 100–3.

245.

‘Gods partial,’ etc. Pope, An Essay on Man, III. 257–8.

‘Any mark,’ etc. Cf. I Henry IV. Act III. Sc. 2.

246.

Note. See vol. III. (Political Essays), p. 298 and notes.

247.

‘From the crown,’ etc. Cf. Isaiah i. 6.

Virtue, says Montesquieu, etc. Esprit des Lois, III. 6.

‘Honour dishonourable.’ Paradise Lost, IV. 314–15.

‘Of outward shew,’ etc. Cf. Ibid. VIII. 538–9.

248.

‘To tread,’ etc. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 3.

‘Nice customs,’ etc. Henry V. Act V. Sc. 2.

‘In form and motion,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

‘Vice is undone,’ etc. Pope, Epilogue to the Satires, I. 142–9.

249.

A Coronation-day. The coronation of George IV. had taken place on July 19, 1821.

250.

Prince Leopold. Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (1790–1865), who had married the Princess Charlotte, and afterwards (1831) became King of the Belgians.

Castlereagh ... unstained, etc. Castlereagh committed suicide on Aug. 12, 1822.

‘A present deity,’ etc. Dryden, Alexander’s Feast, 35–6.

251.

‘Worth makes the man,’ etc. Pope, An Essay on Man, IV. 203–4.

‘The only amaranthine flower,’ etc. Cowper, The Task, III. 268–9.

252.

‘A man may read,’ etc. Holy Dying, chap. i. § 2.

ON THE SCOTCH CHARACTER

Now republished for the first time. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc. (1867), I. xxvii.

PAGE

253.

‘Edina’s darling seat.’ ‘Edina! Scotia’s darling seat!’ Burns, Address to Edinburgh. 490

253.

Lismahago. In Humphry Clinker.

254.

Lord Erskine. Lord Erskine was entertained at a banquet in Edinburgh on Feb. 21, 1820. He had not been in Scotland for more than fifty years.

255.

Teres et [atque] rotundus. Horace, Satires, II. vii. 86.

A very learned man. (?) Sir David Brewster, editor of The Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Cf. post, p. 316.

Mr. Macvey Napier. Macvey Napier (1776–1847), editor of a supplement to the 4th, 5th, and 6th editions and of the 7th edition of The Encyclopædia Britannica, and Jeffrey’s successor as editor of The Edinburgh Review. Hazlitt had contributed to the Supplement. See vol. IX. (Essays on the Fine Arts), p. 377 and note. In A Selection from the Correspondence of the late Macvey Napier, Esq. (1879), p. 21, there is the following letter from Hazlitt to Napier:— ‘Winterslow Hut, near Salisbury, ‘August 26, 1818.

‘My dear Sir,—I am sorry to be obliged, from want of health and a number of other engagements, which I am little able to perform, to decline the flattering offer you make me. I have got to write, between this and the end of October, an octavo volume or a set of lectures on the Comic Drama of this country for the Surrey Institution, which I am anxious not to slur over, and it will be as much as I can do to get it ready in time. I am also afraid that I should not be able to do the article in question, or yourself, justice, for I am not only without books, but without knowledge of what books are necessary to be consulted on the subject. To get up an article in a Review on any subject of general literature is quite as much as I can do without exposing myself. The object of an Encyclopædia is, I take it, to condense and combine all the facts relating to a subject, and all the theories of any consequence already known or advanced. Now, where the business of such a work ends, is just where I begin, that is, I might perhaps throw in an idle speculation or two of my own, not contained in former accounts of the subject, and which would have very little pretensions to rank as scientific. I know something about Congreve, but nothing at all of Aristophanes, and yet I conceive that the writer of an article on the Drama ought to be as well acquainted with the one as the other. If you should see Mr. Constable, will you tell him I am writing nonsense for him as fast as I can?—Your very humble servant, W. HAZLITT.’

It is difficult to know what ‘nonsense’ Hazlitt was writing for Constable.

256.

‘Damnable iteration.’ 1 Henry IV., Act I. Sc. 2.

Not like La Fleur, etc. See Sterne, The Sentimental Journey, The Passport, Paris.

Note 1. Cockney School of Poetry. See vol. VI. (Table-Talk), 99 and note.

Note 1. ‘Kernes and Gallowglasses.’ Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 2.

258.

‘Sins,’ etc. Cf. Hebrews xii. 1.

A much-talked-of publication. Hazlitt no doubt refers to The Beacon, which, like John Bull, was intended to counteract the progress of Radical doctrine during the period of the Queen’s trial. For an account of it and of Scott’s connection with it, see Lockhart’s Life of Scott, v. 152–3.

‘Leaning,’ etc. Cf. The Faerie Queene, I. vi. 14.

259.

The editor. Theodore Hook, the editor of John Bull, was an Englishman.

‘Entire affection,’ etc. Cf. The Faerie Queene, I. viii. 40.

491

MY FIRST ACQUAINTANCE WITH POETS

Republished in Literary Remains and Winterslow. The germ of the essay appeared in a short letter to The Examiner, reprinted in Political Essays. See vol. III. pp. 152–3 and notes.

PAGE

259.

W——m. Wem.

‘Dreaded name,’ etc. Paradise Lost, II. 964–5.

‘Fluttering,’ etc. Cf. Coriolanus, Act V. Sc. 6.

260.

‘High-born Hoel’s harp,’ etc. Gray, The Bard, 28.

‘Bound them,’ etc. Pope, Ode on St. Cecilia’s Day, 90–91.

The fires in the Agamemnon. Cf. ante, p. 240 and note.

It was in January, etc. This paragraph and the next are from The Examiner. See the notes to vol. III. (Political Essays), pp. 152–3.

262.

‘As are the children,’ etc. Cf. Thomson, The Castle of Indolence, II. xxxiii.

‘A certain tender bloom,’ etc. Cf. ante, p. 207 and note.

‘Somewhat fat and pursy.’ Cf. ‘He’s fat and scant of breath’ (Hamlet, Act V. Sc. 2), and ‘For in the fatness of these pursy times,’ etc. (Ibid. Act III. Sc. 4).

263.

‘No figures,’ etc. Julius Cæsar, Act II. Sc. 1.

264.

Note 1. For an account of the Rev. William Hazlitt, see Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Four Generations of a Literary Family, The First Generation.

265.

T. Wedgwood. A Life of Tom Wedgwood was published recently (1903) by the late Mr. R. B. Litchfield.

‘Sounding on his way.’ See vol. IV. (The Spirit of the Age), note to p. 214.

266.

Credat Judæus Apella! Horace, Satires, I. v. 100.

‘Thus I refute him, Sir.’ See Boswell’s Life (ed. G. B. Hill), I. 471.

267.

‘Kind and affable,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, VIII. 648–50.

He has somewhere told himself. See Biographia Literaria, chap. x.

That other Vision of Judgment. Byron’s, first published in The Liberal, No. 1.

Bridge-street junto. Cf. vol. VI. (Table-Talk), p. 190 and note.

268.

Tom Jones and the adventure of the muff. See Tom Jones, Book X. chap. v. et seq.

At Tewkesbury. According to the essay ‘On Going a Journey,’ it was at Bridgwater. See vol. VI. (Table-Talk), p. 186.

269.

A friend of the poet’s. This is a mistake. Wordsworth paid £23 a year for Alfoxden. The agreement is given in Mrs. Henry Sandford’s Thomas Poole and his Friends, I. 225.

270.

‘In spite of pride,’ etc. Pope, An Essay on Man, I. 293.

‘While yet,’ etc. Cf. Thomson, The Seasons, Spring, 18.

‘Of Providence,’ etc. Paradise Lost, II. 559–560.

271.

Chantry’s bust. Sir Francis Chantrey’s bust, now at Coleorton.

Castle Spectre. Originally produced (at Drury Lane) December 14, 1797.

‘His face,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.

272.

Tom Poole. Thomas Poole (1765–1837), for an account of whom see Mrs. Sandford’s Thomas Poole and his Friends.

‘Followed in the chase,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act II. Sc. 3.

Sir Walter Scott’s, etc. Hazlitt probably refers to the banquet given to George IV. by the Magistrates of Edinburgh, August 24, 1822.

273.

The Death of Abel. Solomon Gessner’s Tod Abels (1758).

274.

‘Ribbed sea-sands.’ The Ancient Mariner, 227. This was one of the lines for which Coleridge was indebted to Wordsworth.

275.

‘But there is matter,’ etc. Wordsworth, Hart-leap Well, 95–96.

492

PULPIT ORATORY, ETC.

Now reprinted for the first time. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc., I. xxvii. Cf. the essay on Edward Irving in The Spirit of the Age (vol. IV. pp. 222–231). After Hazlitt’s essay there follows a savage attack on Irving (? by T. J. Hogg), as to which the editor says: ‘The following has also lost its way to us. We take it in as a foundling, but without adopting all its sentiments.’

PAGE

‘Got the start,’ etc. Cf. Julius Cæsar, Act I. Sc. 2.

‘Kingly Kensington.’ Swift’s Ballad, Duke Upon Duke, St. 14.

276.

Lady Bluemount. Lady Beaumont presumably, the wife of Wordsworth’s friend, Sir George Howland Beaumont.

Mr. Botherby.? William Sotheby (1757–1833), whose persistent attempts as a dramatic author may explain the nickname.

Mr. Theodore Flash. Theodore Hook, no doubt, who afterwards denounced Irving as a humbug. See John Bull, July 20, 1823.

Note. Mr. Dubois. Edward Dubois (1774–1850), wit and journalist.

Note. ‘Rose,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

277.

‘His foot mercurial,’ etc. Cymbeline, Act IV. Sc. 2.

‘The iron,’ etc. The Psalter, Psalm CV. 18.

‘Come, let me clutch thee.’ Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 1.

280.

‘Spins,’ etc. Cf. Love’s Labour’s Lost, Act V. Sc. 1.

‘Loop or peg,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

281.

‘Fire hot from Hell.’ Cf. Julius Cæsar, Act III. Sc. 1.

282.

The swimmer. See this passage quoted by Hazlitt in vol. V. (Lectures on the Age of Elizabeth), pp. 323–4.

283.

Mr. Croly. George Croly (1780–1860), a regular contributor to Blackwood’s Magazine, had published Paris in 1815 (1817).

284.

‘Best virtue.’ Cf. All’s Well That Ends Well, Act IV. Sc. 3.

‘We pause for a reply.’ Cf. Julius Cæsar, Act III. Sc. 2.

285.

Daniel Wilson. Daniel Wilson (1778–1858), at this time incumbent of St. John’s Chapel, Bedford Row, Bloomsbury, afterwards Bishop of Calcutta.

‘Oh! for an eulogy,’ etc. Cf. ‘Oh, for a curse to kill with.’ Otway, Venice Preserved, Act II. Sc. 2.

ARGUING IN A CIRCLE

Now reprinted for the first time. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc., I. xxvii.

PAGE

285.

‘Fancies and good-nights.’ Cf. 2 Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 2.

‘Base cullionly fellow.’ Cf. 2 Henry VI., Act I. Sc. 3.

‘Beggarly, unmannered corse.’ Cf. 1 Henry IV. Act I. Sc. 3.

‘The age of chivalry,’ etc. Cf. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 89).

‘The melancholy Jacques,’ etc. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 1.

286.

The present Duke of Buckingham. Richard Temple Nugent Brydges Chandos, created Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, Feb. 1822.

‘New manners,’ etc. Thomas Warton, Sonnet, Written in a Blank Leaf of Dugdale’s Monasticon.

‘Submits,’ etc. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 90). 493

287.

‘Long insulted,’ etc. Quoted elsewhere. See vol. III. (Political Essays), pp. 13 and 100.

‘With jealous leer malign.’ Paradise Lost, IV. 503.

288.

‘Cause was hearted.’ Cf. Othello, Act I. Sc. 3.

‘The open,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, X. 112–113.

‘The shame,’ etc. Cf. 2 Samuel i. 16.

289.

The Editor of the New Times. Dr. Stoddart.

‘Make the worse,’ etc. Paradise Lost, II. 114.

‘So musical,’ etc. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, IV. 1.

290.

‘So well,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, IX. 549.

Mr. Canning’s present ... situation. Canning had become Foreign Secretary in 1822, and had shortly afterwards acknowledged the independence of the Spanish American Colonies.

291.

‘Turnspit of the king’s kitchen.’ See Burke’s ‘Speech on Economical Reform,’ (Works, Bohn, II. 85–86), and cf. vol. I. (The Round Table), p. 427.

‘Undoing all,’ etc. 2 Henry VI., Act I. Sc. 1.

‘Though that their joy,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act I. Sc. 1.

292.

‘Like an exhalation,’ etc. Cf. Comus, 556.

‘Ride in the whirlwind,’ etc. Addison, The Campaign, and Pope, The Dunciad, III. 264.

293.

Noctes, etc. Horace, Satires, II. vi. 65.

‘The beautiful,’ etc. Coleridge, The Death of Wallenstein, Act V. Sc. 1.

294.

‘A thick scarf.’ See ante, note to p. 82.

‘Sweet smelling gums.’ Paradise Lost, XI. 327.

‘Dews of Castalie.’ Cf. Spenser, The Ruines of Time, 431.

295.

The Six Acts. Passed by Lord Sidmouth in 1819 after the Manchester reform meeting.

QUERIES AND ANSWERS; OR THE RULE OF CONTRARY

Now republished for the first time. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc. (1867), I. xxix.

PAGE

297.

Thimble. Cf. a passage, ante, at the foot of p. 39. The editors have not been able to identify the person here referred to as ‘Thimble.’

ON KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD

This paper and the two following ones were republished in Sketches and Essays.

‘Who shall go about,’ etc. Cf. The Merchant of Venice, Act II. Sc. 9.

298.

‘Subtle,’ etc. Cf. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 3.

‘The children,’ etc. Cf. S. Luke xvi. 8.

299.

‘To see ourselves,’ etc. Burns, To a Louse, St. 8.

‘No figures,’ etc. Cf. Julius Cæsar, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘His soul,’ etc. Pope, An Essay on Man, I. 101–2.

300.

‘What shall it profit,’ etc. S. Mark viii. 36.

301.

Non ex quovis, etc. Erasmus, Adagiorum Chiliades, ‘Munus aptum.’

‘No mark,’ etc. 1 Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 2.

‘The soul,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act I. Sc. 3.

494

THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED

PAGE

301.

Bub Doddington said, etc. Cf. vol. VI. (Table-Talk), p. 100 and note.

Salus populi, etc. The Twelve Tables, De Officio Consulis.

The upstart, etc. This sentence was omitted in Sketches and Essays.

302.

Mr. Cobbett seemed disappointed, etc. The reference is probably to The Weekly Political Register for Oct. 29, 1825, where Cobbett deplores the fact that Baron Maseres (1731–1824), who had visited him in prison, had left the bulk of his large property to a ‘little Protestant parson.’

‘His patron’s ghost,’ etc. Cf. Thomson, The Castle of Indolence, I. St. 51.

303.

‘Never standing upright,’ etc. See Macklin’s The Man of the World, II. 1.

‘In large heart enclosed.’ Cf. Paradise Lost, VII. 486.

304.

‘The world,’ etc. Thomson, The Seasons, Autumn, 233.

‘The heart of man,’ etc. Cf. Jeremiah xvii. 9.

‘As the flesh,’ etc. Cf. Measure for Measure, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘Tread,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 3.

305.

‘If thine eye,’ etc. Cf. S. Matthew v. 29.

‘The little chapel-bell,’ etc. Hazlitt refers to The Chapel Bell, an early poem of Southey’s (1793), and The Book of the Church, published by Southey in 1824.

Camille-Desmoulins, etc. Camille Desmoulins (1760–1794), the well-known Revolutionary pamphleteer; Camille Jordan (1771–1821), called ‘Jordan Carillon,’ from a speech (July 4, 1797) in which he proposed to restore the use of bells to the clergy. See Hazlitt’s Life of Napoleon, chap. 15.

‘His own miniature-picture,’ etc. ‘On my own Miniature Picture’ (1796).

THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED

306.

‘Give us pause.’ Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

‘Does somewhat smack.’ Cf. The Merchant of Venice, Act II. Sc. 2.

307.

Peter Finnerty. Peter Finnerty (1766?–1822) at one time on the staff of The Morning Chronicle with Hazlitt.

308.

J——. Jeffrey.

‘In some sort handled.’ Cf. Henry V. Act II. Sc. 3.

‘The high and palmy state.’ Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 1.

309.

‘Keep this dreadful pudder,’ etc. King Lear, Act III. Sc. 2.

‘When a great wheel,’ etc. Cf. Ibid. Act II. Sc. 4.

310.

‘Will be,’ etc. Dr. Johnson, Preface to Shakespeare (Works, Oxford, 1825, vol. V., p. 118).

ON PUBLIC OPINION

Published (together with the next essay) in Winterslow.

311.

‘Scared,’ etc. Cf. Collins’s Ode, The Passions, 20.

312.

‘The world rings,’ etc. Cowper, The Task, III. 129–30.

313.

‘No man knoweth,’ etc. Cf. S. John iii. 8.

314.

‘Casting,’ etc. Il Penseroso, 160.

315.

‘Wink,’ etc. Cf. Marston, Antonio’s Revenge, Prologue.

‘Fed fat,’ etc. Cf. The Merchant of Venice, Act I. Sc. 3.

495

ON THE CAUSES OF POPULAR OPINION

Published (with preceding essay) in Winterslow.

PAGE

316.

The Editors of the Edinburgh Encyclopædia. The Edinburgh Encyclopædia (18 vols., 1810–30) was edited by Sir David Brewster.

‘Among the rocks,’ etc. Cf. Michael, 455–7.

317.

‘A man of ten thousand.’ Cf. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

318.

‘Who loved,’ etc. Othello, Act V. Sc. 2.

320.

J——. Jeffrey.

A FAREWELL TO ESSAY-WRITING

Republished in an imperfect form in Winterslow. In the Magazine the essay is dated ‘Winterslow, Feb. 20, 1828.’

PAGE

321.

‘This life is best,’ etc. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 3.

‘A friend,’ etc. Cf. Cowper, Retirement, 741–2.

‘Done its spiriting gently.’ Cf. The Tempest, Act I. Sc. 2.

‘The spring,’ etc. Coleridge, Christabel, 22.

‘Fields are dank,’ etc. Milton’s Sonnet (XX.), ‘Lawrence, of virtuous father virtuous son.’

322.

‘Peep,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.

‘Open,’ etc. Cowper, The Task, VI. 11–12.

323.

‘Of all the cities,’ etc. Dryden, Theodore and Honoria, 1–2.

‘Which when Honoria view’d,’ etc. Ibid. 342–3.

‘And made th’ insult,’ etc. Dryden, Sigismonda and Guiscardo, 668–9.

I am much pleased, etc. This sentence (to the end of the paragraph) was omitted in Winterslow.

324.

‘Fall’n,’ etc. Scott, Glenfinlas, last stanza.

Mr. Gifford once said, etc. See vol. IV. (The Spirit of the Age) p. 307.

I am rather disappointed, etc. This sentence was omitted in Winterslow.

325.

‘The admired,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

What I have here stated, etc. This paragraph and the next two were omitted in Winterslow.

‘I know not seems.’ Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.

326.

L——. Lamb, no doubt.

Antonio. Godwin’s Antonio was produced at Drury Lane and damned Dec. 13, 1800.

‘Nor can I think,’ etc. Dryden, The Hind and the Panther, I. 315.

327.

Chaucer’s Flower and Leaf. See vol. V. (Lectures on the English Poets) p. 27 and note.

‘And ayen,’ etc. The Flower and the Leaf, St. 15.

Mr. and Miss L——. Charles and Mary Lamb.

328.

‘And curtain close,’ etc. Cf. Collins’s Ode, On the Poetical Character, 76.

BYRON AND WORDSWORTH

Now republished for the first time. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc. I. xxix.

PAGE

328.

Lord Byron’s haste, etc. See Leigh Hunt’s Lord Byron and his Contemporaries, I. 77.

‘A cure,’ etc. Cf. Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 164). 496

329.

‘Ah! voila,’ etc. Confessions, Part I. Liv. VI.

‘Slow,’ etc. Cf. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

Note. Ada Reis; a Tale, by Lady Caroline Lamb (1785–1828), published in 1823.

ON CANT AND HYPOCRISY

This essay and the next were published with some omissions in Sketches and Essays.

PAGE

330.

‘If to do,’ etc. The Merchant of Venice, Act I. Sc. 2.

Curl. Edmund Curll (1675–1747).

‘The spirit,’ etc. S. Matthew xxvi. 41.

331.

‘Most easily,’ etc. Cf. Hebrews xii. 1.

Video, etc. Ovid, Metam., VII. 20–1.

332.

‘Duenna.’ See Act III. Sc. 5.

‘A little round,’ etc. The Castle of Indolence, I. St. 69.

333.

Lord Shaftesbury. See Characteristicks, An Inquiry concerning Virtue, or Merit, Part I. Sect. II.

‘Upon this bank,’ etc. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 7.

335.

‘Mighty coil,’ etc. Cf. King Lear, Act III. Sc. 2.

THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED

337.

‘Eremites,’ etc. Paradise Lost, III. 474–5.

338.

‘Cant religious,’ etc. See Byron’s Letter to Murray on Bowles’s Strictures on the Life and Writings of Pope. Letters, etc., ed. Prothero, v. 536.

339.

Mr. Coleridge, etc. Nearly the whole of this passage from this point to the end was omitted in Sketches and Essays. In the Magazine the essay concludes with the words ‘Cetera desunt.’

Mr. Liberal Snake. See Disraeli’s Vivian Grey.

POETRY

Now republished for the first time. Some of the essays now first republished from The Atlas are identified as Hazlitt’s in Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs, etc. (see I. xxix. and xxx.). The others have been included on the strength of the internal evidence of authorship. A short paper, attributed to Hazlitt by Mr. W. C. Hazlitt (Memoirs, I. xxix.), and entitled ‘Richesse de la Langue,’ had appeared in The Atlas for Jan. 25, 1829. It runs as follows:—

‘How should one convey by a single word an expression of face which having arisen from some strong passion, uneasiness or emotion, is converted into an habitual character, and remains without any immediate object to excite it? In the English language there are above thirty ways of doing this, or else approaching to, and hovering round the point. As for instance, we may express this look by the following epithets, more or less pointedly, and with various inflections of meaning attached to them:—wild, scared, startled, haggard, harassed, hunted, nervous, agitated, apprehensive, terrified, dismayed, abstracted, stunned, panick-struck, odd, strange, wayward, flighty, uncouth, unaccountable, eccentric, embarrassed, unsettled, uneasy, overconscious, morbid, careworn, blighted, scare-crow, hang-dog, ghastly, wilful, 497dogged, staring, fierce, etc. All these come tolerably near the mark, and differ from each other; yet none of them is the very word that is wanted to express the thing in question, though we have no doubt there is such a word in the English language, and that it might be suggested by some one who has a greater command of its resources. The above remarks may serve to guard the student of English, whether a foreigner or merely a stranger to his native tongue, against unmeaning synonymes or monotonous common-place.’

PAGE

339.

‘Daffodils,’ etc. A Winter’s Tale, Act IV. Sc. 4.

340.

‘That fine madness,’ etc. Cf. Drayton, Elegy, To Henry Reynolds, Esq.

341.

‘Cowslips wan,’ etc. Lycidas, 147.

Lowly children, etc. Cf. ‘With all the lowly children of the shade.’ Thomson, The Seasons, Spring, 450.

342.

‘To elevate and surprise.’ The Duke of Buckingham, The Rehearsal, Act I. Sc. 1.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Now republished for the first time. Cf. vol. IV. pp. 231 et seq. and 389 et seq.

‘Foregone conclusion.’ Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

343.

‘A man of Ind.’ Cf. The Tempest, Act II. Sc. 2.

‘Wise,’ etc. Cf. 1 Corinthians iv. 6.

344.

A standard book. Lindley Murray’s English Grammar, no doubt, the later editions of which were published by Longmans.

345.

Mr. Fearn. Hazlitt’s friend. Anti-Tooke was published in 1824. Cf. vol. VI. (Table-Talk), 63–4.

‘Still, small.’ 1 Kings xix. 12.

MEMORABILIA OF MR. COLERIDGE

Now republished for the first time. Many of the opinions expressed are referred to by Hazlitt elsewhere.

PAGE

346.

Barrow. Cf. ante, p. 266, where Hume is said to have borrowed from South.

347.

‘More was meant,’ etc. Cf. Il Penseroso, 120.

348.

Dr. Dodd. William Dodd (1729–1777), executed for forgery in 1777. His Thoughts in Prison appeared in the same year.

PETER PINDAR

Now republished for the first time.

‘Men,’ etc. 2 Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 2.

‘A manly man,’ etc. Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, Prologue, 167.

349.

‘Haloo,’ etc. Cf. 2 Henry IV., Act I. Sc. 2.

Viotti. Giovanni Battista Viotti (1753–1824).

‘Making the worse,’ etc. Paradise Lost, II. 113–14.

498

LOGIC

Now republished for the first time.

PAGE

351.

‘That which is,’ etc. Cf. Twelfth Night, Act IV. Sc. 2. The mistake of ‘Cophetua’ for ‘Gorboduc’ is made elsewhere by Hazlitt.

332.

‘Over shoes, over boots.’ Cf. The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act I. Sc. 1.

THE LATE MR. CURRAN

Now republished for the first time.

353.

The late shots at Edinburgh. Hazlitt may refer to the conviction and execution (Jan. 28, 1829) of the notorious William Burke. His partner Hare had given evidence against him and had been released.

THE COURT JOURNAL—A DIALOGUE

Now republished for the first time. The Court Journal was a weekly paper founded by Henry Colburn, May 2, 1829.

PAGE

355.

‘Our withers,’ etc. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.

‘Married a highwayman,’ etc. The Beggar’s Opera, I. 1.

‘The story of Miss ——,’ etc. Cf. vol. XI. (Fugitive Writings), p. 383 note.

356.

Mr. C——. Henry Colburn presumably.

THE LATE DR. PRIESTLEY

Now republished for the first time.

357.

‘His body thought.’ Cf. Donne, An Anatomy of the World, The Second Anniversary, 245–6.

358.

Controversy with Dr. Price. Published in 1778.

‘Dazzling,’ etc. Cf. Comus, 791.

359.

‘Anthropagi,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act I. Sc. 3.

‘Nay, an you mouth,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act V. Sc. 1.

‘None but a Cobbett,’ etc. See Cobbett’s Observations on Priestley’s Emigration (Selections, etc. I. 15, et seq.).

SECTS AND PARTIES

Now republished for the first time.

361.

A board of Utility at Charing Cross. Hazlitt may have had in his mind Francis Place, the radical tailor of Charing Cross, whose house was well known as a Radical meeting-place, but the essay attacks the Utilitarian party at large.

362.

Mrs. Chatterley. The wife of the actor William Simmonds Chatterley. It is difficult to understand what Hazlitt’s innuendo is. The journal he refers to is presumably the Morning Chronicle.

363.

‘What they are least assured.’ Cf. Measure for Measure, Act II. Sc. 2,

499

CONVERSATIONS AS GOOD AS REAL (1)

These two papers, now republished for the first time, were omitted for some reason by Hazlitt when he brought out Mr. Northcote’s Conversations. See vol. VI. note to p. 420. T. is Hazlitt, J., Northcote. This first Conversation would have followed after Conversation the Twentieth. See for Hogarth, vol. VIII. (English Comic Writers) 133 et seq., and Lamb’s essay ‘On the Genius and Character of Hogarth’ (Works, ed. E. V. Lucas, I. 70).

PAGE

364.

That old Mother W. It is not clear to what figure Northcote refers. The procuress in The Harlot’s Progress (Plate I.) was the notorious Mother Needham who died in 1731.

Fielding has tried, etc. Tom Jones, Book IV. chap. ii.

That remark of his. Cf. ante, p. 268, and vol. VIII. p. 442.

‘With her pie-dish,’ etc. Hazlitt’s phrase. See vol. VIII. p. 137.

367.

The ‘Possessed Boy.’ A fresco in the chapel of San Nilo, Grotta Ferrata. The drawing from this fresco was presumably by John Bryant Lane (1788–1868), who spent ten years in Rome (1817–1827).

The late Edinburgh murders. See ante, p. 353 and note.

The group at Ambrose’s. See Wilson’s Noctes Ambrosianæ.

368.

One of his tales. Crabbe’s tale ‘The Confidant,’ upon which Lamb founded The Wife’s Trial; or, the Intruding Widow, published in Blackwood, 1828.

Tam O’Shanter. Statues of Tam O’Shanter and Souter Johnny, by Thoms, were exhibited in London in 1829.

Ducrow. Andrew Ducrow (1793–1842), the equestrian performer.

CONVERSATIONS AS GOOD AS REAL (2)

369.

G. Godwin, probably.

370.

A classical education. Cf. vol. I. (The Round Table), p. 5 and note.

TRIFLES LIGHT AS AIR

Republished by Mr. W. C. Hazlitt in his edition of The Round Table (Bohn, 1871). Nos. I.–X. appeared in The Atlas on Sept. 27, 1829; Nos. XI.–XVII. on Oct. 4, 1829. The following additional ‘Trifle’ (XVIII.) appeared in Bohn’s Library, though not in the Magazine: ‘The French Revolutionists in the “Reign of Terror,” with Robespierre at their head, made one grand mistake. They really thought that by getting rid of the patrons and abettors of the ancient régime they should put an end to the breed of tyrants and slaves; whereas in order to do this it would be necessary to put an end to the whole human race.’

PAGE

372.

It was merely a fashion, etc. See Byron’s letter to Murray on Bowles and Pope (Letters, etc., ed. Prothero, V. 553 and note).

‘Procrastination,’ etc. Young, Night Thoughts, I. 393.

375.

‘Ears polite.’ Pope, Moral Essays, IV. 150.

‘Inconstant moon.’ Romeo and Juliet, II. 2.

500

COMMON SENSE

Now republished for the first time.

PAGE

377.

‘Its price,’ etc. Cf. Job xxviii. 18.

‘Fairly worth the seven.’ Pope, Moral Essays, IV. 44.

‘Comes home,’ etc. Bacon, Essays, Dedication.

378.

‘Fear,’ etc. Cowper, The Task, II. 325.

Commodore Trunnion, etc. See Peregrine Pickle, Chap. viii.

379.

‘They have,’ etc. Cf. Julius Cæsar, Act II. Sc. 1.

380.

‘Crack,’ etc. ‘The father cracks of horses, pleughs, and kye.’ Burns, Cotter’s Saturday Night, St. VIII.

Phlegmatic C——. Hazlitt probably refers to Cobbett. Cf. a passage in Table-Talk (vol. VI. p. 102).

THE SPIRIT OF CONTROVERSY

Now republished for the first time.

381.

‘Envy,’ etc. Cf. ‘From envy, hatred, and malice, and all uncharitableness.’ The Litany.

383.

‘Root of the matter.’ Job xix. 28.

‘Their hearts,’ etc. Cf. S. Luke xxiv. 32.

‘A coil and pudder.’ See ante, notes to pp. 309 and 335.

Mr. Taylor’s discourses. Robert Taylor (1784–1844), the notorious deistical clergyman, who, early in 1828, had been sentenced to a year’s imprisonment for a blasphemous discourse.

The Duke of Newcastle. The fourth Duke (1785–1851), a violent opponent of Catholic Emancipation passed by Wellington’s ministry in 1829.

‘Strange,’ etc. Byrom, On the Feuds between Handel and Bononcini.

384.

‘Like a thick scarf,’ etc. See ante, note to p. 82.

‘Whose edge,’ etc. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 4.

‘Of whatsoe’er descent,’ etc. Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel, I. 100–3.

ENVY

Republished in Sketches and Essays.

387.

‘Jealous leer malign.’ Paradise Lost, IV. 503.

388.

‘Phœnix,’ etc. Ibid. v. 272.

‘Though wondering senates,’ etc. Pope, Moral Essays, I. 184–7.

390.

‘Like to a gate,’ etc. Cf. Troilus and Cressida, Act III. Sc. 3.

391.

‘The learned pate,’ etc. Timon of Athens, Act IV. Sc. 3.

ON PREJUDICE

This and the two following essays were published together in Sketches and Essays.

392.

‘God’s image,’ etc. Fuller, The Holy State, II. 20, ‘The Good Sea-Captain.’

Mr. Murray no longer libels men of colour. In Sketches and Essays these words were changed to ‘men of colour are no longer to be libelled.’

393.

‘That one,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act V. Sc. 2.

501

THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED

PAGE

395.

‘Most ignorant,’ etc. Cf. Measure for Measure, Act II. Sc. 2.

‘Cherish,’ etc. Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 102).

‘Rings the earth,’ etc. Cf. Cowper, The Task, III. 129–30.

396.

‘Murder to dissect.’ Wordsworth, The Tables Turned, l. 28.

THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED

This essay, which does not seem to have been published in The Atlas, is printed from Sketches and Essays.

PAGE

396.

‘Reason,’ etc. Cf. 1 Peter iii. 15.

398.

‘There is nothing,’ etc. Cf. vol. VIII. (English Comic Writers) p. 124 and note.

400.

‘Thus shall we,’ etc. Cf. 1 John iv. I.

‘Comes home,’ etc. Bacon, Essays, Dedication.

‘Still, small voice.’ 1 Kings xix. 12.

ON PARTY SPIRIT

Published in Winterslow.

402.

‘The salt of the earth.’ S. Matthew v. 13.

‘Cuts,’ etc. Cf. Cowper, The Task, III. 208–9.

‘The sentiment,’ etc. Cf. ante, p. 218 and note.

PROJECT FOR A NEW THEORY, ETC.

This essay was published in Literary Remains, and again, more fully, in Winterslow, where it is dated 1828. It may possibly have been printed in The Atlas for 1829, a complete file of which the Editors have not been able to find. The essay is here printed from Winterslow. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs (1867), I. 24 et seq.

PAGE

405.

Mr. Currie. This should apparently be Corrie. See Memoirs, I. 25.

The Test and Corporation Acts. Repealed in 1828.

409.

‘I am monarch,’ etc. Cowper, Verses supposed to be written by Alexander Selkirk.

‘Founded as the rock.’ Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.

410.

Mr. Burke talks, etc. Hazlitt seems to refer to Burke’s Essay, On the Sublime and Beautiful, Part IV. §25.

411.

‘There’s no divinity,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act IV. Sc. 5.

412.

Essay on Wages. An Essay on the Circumstances which determine the Rate of Wages, etc. (1826).

‘Throw your bread,’ etc. Cf. Ecclesiastes xi. 1.

413.

‘While this machine,’ etc. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

419.

‘Like the wild goose,’ etc. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

502

ON THE CONDUCT OF LIFE, ETC.

Published in Literary Remains, from which it is here reprinted. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs (1867), I. 16, where the date of the essay is fixed as 1822, when Hazlitt’s son was ten years old.

PAGE

425.

‘The salt of the earth.’ S. Matthew v. 13.

‘According to your own dignity,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

428.

‘How shall we part,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, XI. 282–5.

‘The study of the Classics,’ etc. See vol. I. (The Round Table) p. 4 and notes.

431.

‘Practique,’ etc. Henry V., Act I. Sc. 1.

435.

‘We hunt the wind,’ etc. See Don Quixote, Part I. Book II. chap. xiii.

‘Quit, quit,’ etc. Cf. Suckling’s Song, ‘Why so pale and wan, fond lover?’

436.

‘When on the yellow,’ etc. Coleridge, Love, St. 16.

437.

‘Nods and winks,’ etc. Cf. L’Allegro, 28.

439.

‘Paled,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.

BELIEF, WHETHER VOLUNTARY?

Published in Literary Remains (from which it is here printed) and in Winterslow.

‘Thy wish,’ etc. 2 Henry IV., Act IV. Sc. 5.

Note. Cf. ante, p. 317.

441.

‘Blown about,’ etc. Cf. Ephesians iv. 14.

‘Infinite agitation of wit.’ Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, Book I. iv. 5.

Sir Isaac Newton, etc. Newton published Observations on the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733), and Napier of Merchiston A Plaine Discovery of the whole Revelation of St. John (1594).

442.

‘Masterless passion,’ etc. Cf. The Merchant of Venice, Act IV. Sc. 1.

‘Fear,’ etc. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act V. Sc. 1.

443.

January and May. See Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, ‘The Merchant’s Tale.’

444.

A good remark in ‘Vivian Grey.’ See Book IV. chap. V.

DEFINITION OF WIT

Published in Literary Remains from which it is here reprinted. Cf. the essay ‘On Wit and Humour’ in vol. VIII. (English Comic Writers) pp. 5–30.

PAGE

445.

‘Wherein,’ etc. See vol. VIII. pp. 18–19.

‘The squandering glances,’ etc. As You Like it, Act II. Sc. 7.

446.

‘Revive,’ etc. Quoted elsewhere from Scott.

448.

‘Foregone conclusion.’ Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

‘Skin,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 4.

449.

‘In cut and dye,’ etc. Hudibras, I. I. 243–4.

‘The house,’ etc. Misquoted from Swift’s Vanbrugh’s House.

450.

‘Turned from black to red.’ Hudibras, II. II. 32.

‘Like jewels,’ etc. Collins, Ode, The Manners, 55.

451.

‘Pray lend me,’ etc. Farquhar, The Beaux Stratagem, Act V. Sc. 4.

453.

‘A forked radish,’ 2 Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 2.

503

PERSONAL POLITICS

Published in Literary Remains, where the author’s son says that it was ‘written during my father’s last illness, immediately after the French Revolution of 1830.’ The essay, which must have been written after the ‘Three Days’ (see post, p. 461, note) is here reprinted from Literary Remains.

PAGE

456.

‘Ay, every inch a King!’ King Lear, Act IV. Sc. 6.

‘Cooped,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.

‘Himself again.’ Richard III. (Cibber’s version), Act V. Sc. 3.

458.

‘Solely,’ etc. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.

‘Shall be in him,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

459.

‘Smile,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.

‘Ever strong,’ etc. King John, Act III. Sc. 1.

460.

The late King. George IV. died on June 26, 1830.

461.

Let him go where he chooses. Charles X. arrived in England on Aug. 17, 1830.

Note. The Revolution of the Three Days. This began on July 27, 1830.

EMANCIPATION OF THE JEWS

This paper was printed in Leigh Hunt’s The Tatler for March, 1831 (vol. II.), and also, separately, in pamphlet form. Mr. Bertram Dobell kindly showed to the Editors a copy of this pamphlet in his possession which bore the following (anonymous) marginal note: ‘Written by Hazlitt, and a little altered by Mr. Basil Montagu—Mr. Isaac Goldsmid caused this little tract to be written, and defrayed all the expenses of authorship, printing, etc. It was the last production, I think, of Hazlitt’s pen.’ From a proof in the Editors’ possession it is clear that the essay was sent by Hazlitt’s son to The Daily News and set up in type in 1849, but it seems never to have been published by that journal. The essay is here reprinted from the pamphlet. The Tatler and The Daily News proof show only trifling typographical variations. It will be remembered that Macaulay’s maiden speech (April 5, 1830) was in favour of a bill for the removal of Jewish disabilities. The emancipation of the Jews was not effected till 1858.

PAGE

461.

‘We have reformed,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.

463.

‘My kingdom,’ etc. S. John xviii. 36.

464.

‘And pure religion,’ etc. Wordsworth, Sonnet, Written in London, September 1802.

ON THE PUNISHMENT OF DEATH

Fraser’s Magazine for January 1831 contains an article on Capital Punishment in which the author introduces an extract from an essay by Hazlitt on the same subject. The extract is thus introduced: ‘It forms part of an essay which was written a few years ago by the late W. Hazlitt, at the request of a society then existing in London for obtaining a repeal of that formidable law, and seems to contain pretty much the sum of what might be brought forward against that punishment by a philosophical reasoner. It has never yet been published.’ 504Hazlitt’s essay has not been discovered, and this rather obscure fragment is reprinted from Fraser’s Magazine.

PAGE

466.

Beccaria. Cesare, Marchese de Beccaria (1735?–1794), whose famous work, On Crimes and Punishments, appeared in 1764.

‘It is not the intensity,’ etc. Cf. Beccaria, chap. xxviii.

‘Crimes are more effectually prevented,’ etc. Ibid. chap, xxvii.

470.

In Mr. Bentham’s phrase. See (e.g) Theory of Legislation, Part III. chap. vi.

Note. For Burgh’s book see vol. IV. (Reply to Malthus), p. 85 et seq. and notes.