ILLUSTRATIONS.
Reading edition
PLATES.
PAGE
1. Views along Mazon Creek, Illinois 12
2. Drawing of type specimen of Micrerpeton caudatum Moodie, from the Coal Measures of Mazon Creek 52
3. Specimens of Eumicrerpeton parvum, Erpetobrachium mazonensis, Erierpeton branchialis, Mazonerpeton longicaudatum, and Amphibamus grandiceps 58
4. (1 and 2) Vertebræ of Spondylerpeton spinatum Moodie. (3) Type specimen of Mazonerpeton costatum Moodie. (4) Type skeleton of Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum Moodie. (5 and 6) The halves of the nodule containing a practically complete skeleton of Amphibamus grandiceps Cope 60
5. (1) A reconstruction of the Coal Measures branchiosaurian, Eumicrerpeton parvum Moodie, a small primitive salamander 64
(2) A restoration of the branchiosaurian, Mazonerpeton, based on two specimens 64
6. Dendrerpeton acadianum Owen. Mandibles, parts of anterior extremities, humerus, etc. 68
7. Hylerpeton dawsoni Owen. Mandible, teeth, rib, and bones of anterior extremity. Bones of pelvis and posterior limb and bony scales 72
8. Fritschia curtidentata Dawson. Bones of skull and anterior extremity, bony rods of belly, of pelvis, and posterior extremity 76
9. Hylonomus lyelli Dawson. (1) maxillæ and skull bones; (1a) sternal bones; (2) mandible; (3) humerus, ribs, and vertebræ; (4) posterior limb; (5) pelvis; (6) caudal vertebræ 78
10. Hylonomus latidens Dawson. Skull, portion of skeleton, foot, scapular, and sternal bones, humerus and rib, believed to belong to this species. Erect tree, Coal formation, of Nova Scotia 80
11. Hylerpeton longidentatum Dawson. Mandible and other bones. Erect tree, Coal formation 82
12. Smilerpeton aciedentatum Dawson. Mandible, portions of skull, scales, and various bones. Erect tree, Coal formation 82
13. Dendrerpeton oweni Dawson. Skull, mandible, and bones of anterior limbs, posterior limb, pelvic, and bony scales 100
14. (1 and 2) Amphibamus grandiceps Cope, from the Mazon Creek shales 106
(3) Sauropleura (Colosteus) scutellata Newberry, from the Linton Coal Measures, the first known of the Ohio Coal Measures Amphibia; at first ascribed by Newberry to the fishes, but later correctly identified by Cope 106
(4) Type of Diceratosaurus (Ceraterpeton) punctolineatus Cope, from the Linton Coal Measures 106
15. (1) Dorsum of skull of Diceratosaurus punctolineatus (Cope), from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio 114
(2) Ventral surface of skull of Diceratosaurus punctolineatus (Cope), from the Coal Measures of Linton 114
(3) Pectoral girdle of Diceratosaurus punctolineatus (Cope), from the Coal Measures of Linton 114
(4) Cervical or anterior dorsal vertebra of Diceratosaurus punctolineatus (Cope), from the Linton Coal Measures 114
16. (1) Type specimen of Diceratosaurus punctolineatus Cope 116
(2) Skull of Sauropleura longidentata Moodie, from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio 116
(3) Mandible of Sauropleura longidentata Moodie, from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio 116
(4) Type specimen of Sauropleura enchodus Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio 116
(5) Additional specimen of Diceratosaurus punctolineatus Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio 116
17. Type of Saurerpeton latithorax Cope 126
18. (1) Type of Erpetosaurus sculptilis Moodie, from the Cannelton Shales of Pennsylvania 132
(2) Skeletal elements of Eryops sp. indet., from the Pittsburgh Red Shale at Pitcairn 132
(3) Amphibian footprints, Dromopus aduncus Branson, from the Mississippian shales of Giles County, Virginia 132
(4) Type of Thinopus antiquus Marsh, amphibian footprint from the Devonian of Pennsylvania 132
19. Type of Ctenerpeton alveolatum Cope, from the Coal Measures of Ohio 134
20. (1) Skull of Erpetosaurus minutus Moodie, from the Cannelton slates of Pennsylvania 134
(2) Skull and anterior part of body of Ptyonius pectinatus Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton 134
(3) Skeleton of Eosauravus copei Williston, from the Coal Measures of Linton. "The oldest known reptile from North America" and closely related structurally to the Microsauria 134
(4) Part of ventral scutellation and ribs of Sauropleura digitata Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton 134
21. (1) Mandible of Macrerpeton deani Moodie, from the Linton Coal Measures 136
(2) Portion of the skull of Macrerpeton deani Moodie, possibly of the same: individual us the mandible. From the Linton Coal Measures 136
(3) Type of Cercariomorphus parvisquamis Cope, from the Linton Coal Measures 136
(4) An additional specimen of Cercariomorphus parvisquamis Cope, from the Linton Coal Measures 136
(5) Skull of Sauropleura scutellata Newberry. From the Coal Measures of Ohio 136
(6) Tooth of Mastodonsaurus sp. indet. of the Carboniferous of Kansas 136
(7) Tooth of Mastodonsaurus giganteus Jaeger, from the Triassic of Germany. Introduced for comparison with the tooth from the Kansas Carboniferous 136
22. (1) Type of Leptophractus lineolatus Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton. Portions of maxilla and mandible of left side with teeth 160
(2) Type of Proterpeton gurleyi Moodie, from the Coal Measures of Illinois, near Danville. Cervical of an otherwise unknown amphibian 160
(3) Amphibian phalanx from the Coal Measures near Breeze, Illinois, of an unknown species 160
(4) Large rib of a stereospondylous stegocephalan, otherwise unknown 160
(5) Type of Cope's species Tuditanus mordax referred by him to the cranium, on account of the sculpturing of the elements, now known to be portions of the interclavicle and clavicles of Diceratosaurus punctolineatus 160
(6) Skull of Baphetes planiceps Owen, from the Coal Measures of Nova Scotia 160
23. (1) Ventral scutellæ of Ctenerpeton alveolatum Cope, from the Coal Measures of Ohio 166
(2) Left leg and pelvis of Ichthycanthus platypus Cope, from the Coal Measures of Ohio 166
24. (1) Type specimen of Pelion lyelli Wyman, from the Coal Measures of Ohio. Supposed to represent the ancestral form of the Salientia 172
(2) Scales of Cercariomorphus parvisquamis Cope, a microsaur from the Ohio Coal Measures 172
(3) Type specimen of Cercariomorphus parvisquamis Cope 172
25. (1) Photograph of type specimen of Erpetosaurus (Tuditanus) radiatus Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton 180
(2) Photograph of type specimen of Erpetosaurus tabulatus Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton 180
(3) Photograph of the impression of Stegops divaricata Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton 180
(4) Type and only known specimen of Micrerpeton caudatum Moodie, a branchiosaur from the Coal Measures shales of Mazon Creek 180
26. (1) Type specimen of Erpetosaurus tuberculatus Moodie, from the Ohio Coal Measures 182
(2) Type of Macrerpeton huxleyi Cope, from the Coal Measures of Ohio 182
TEXT-FIGURES.
PAGE
1. Map of the Coal Measures in North America 9
2. Distribution of Coal Measures Amphibia in North America 11
3. Topographical Map of Mazon Creek Region 13
4. Topographical Map of Linton, Ohio, Region 16
5. Fossil Tree Trunk in Position 21
6. Generalized Amphibian Skull 23
7. Alimentary Canal of a Carboniferous Salamander 26
8. Vertebræ and Ribs of Coal Measures Amphibia 28
9. Ventral Scutellæ of Micrerpeton 30
10. Horny Armor of Hylonomus 31
11. The Skulls of two Microsaurians: A, Eoserpeton tenuicorne; B, Ceraterpeton galvani 33
12. Devonian Footprint 37
13. Restoration of Micrerpeton 53
14. Mazon Creek Amphibia: A, Eumicrerpeton parvum; B, Amphibamus thoracatus 59
14a. Skeleton of Mazonerpeton longicaudatum 62
14b. Skeleton of Mazonerpeton costatum 64
15. A. Impression of Erierpeton branchialis 65
B. Eumicrerpeton parvum 65
C. Larger Specimen of Eumicrerpeton parvum 65
D. Skeleton of Erpetobrachium mazonensis 65
E. Rib of Mazonerpeton costatum 65
15a. Type Material of Sparodus 66
16. Obverse of Cocytinus gyrinoides 68
16a. Nearly Complete Specimen of Cocytinus gyrinoides 69
17. Pelion lyelli, supposed ancestral Salientian 74
18. Skeletal Elements of Smilerpeton aciedentatum 82
19. Skull and Skeleton of Tuditanus punctulatus 87
20. Skull and Skeleton of Tuditanus longipes 90
21. Skeleton of Tuditanus walcotti: A, Body; B, Leg 94
22. A. Outline of Skull and Cranial Elements of Erpelosaurus minutus Moodie, from the Cannelton Slates of Pennsylvania 99
B. Outline of Skull and Cranial Elements of Erpetosaurus radiatus Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton 99
C. Palate of Erpetosaurus (tabulatus?), from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio 99
D. Outline of Skull and Cranial Elements of Erpetosaurus acutirostris Moodie, from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio 99
E. Outline of Larger Part of Skeleton of Odonterpeton triangularis Moodie, from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio 99
F. Right Mandible of Erpetosaurus tabulatus Cope, from the Linton, Ohio, Coal Measures 99
G. Skull Elements and Lateral-line Canals of Erpetosaurus tabulatus Cope, from the Coal Measures of Linton 99
23. Skull of Stegops divaricata 113
24. Microsaurian Skulls from Linton, Ohio: A, Diceratosaurus lævis; B, Diceratosaurus robustus 119
25. Restoration of Eoserpeton 124
26. Restoration of Amphibamus 128
27. Skeleton of Amphibamus grandiceps 129
28. Probable Appearance of Amphibamus 130
29. Skeleton of Cephalerpeton 133
30. Restoration of Ptyonius 140
31. Restoration of Œstocephalus 144
32. Vertebræ of Molgophis brevicostatus 148
33. Fore-limb of a Member of the Molgophidæ, Possibly Pleuroptyx 152
34. A. Interclavicle of Sauropleura pauciradiata 159
B. Left Clavicle of Sauropleura pauciradiata 159
35. Skull and Skeleton of Saurerpeton latithorax 164
36. Mandible of Leptophractus dentatus 169
37. So-called Interclavicle of Eurythorax sublævis 170
38. Skeletal Elements of Amblyodon 177
39. Vertebra of Spondylerpeton spinatum 179
40. Mandible of Macrerpeton deani 184
41. Vertebræ of Eosaurus acadianus: A, Oblique Lateral View; B, Oblique View; C, Posterior View; D, Transverse Section; E and F, Microscopic Sections 188
42. Skull and Mandible of Eobaphetes kansensis: A, Outer View of Mandible; B, Portion of Skull; C, Inner Surface of Mandible 191
43. Footprints of Dromopus agilis 200
THE COAL MEASURES AMPHIBIA OF NORTH AMERICA