Footnotes
Reading edition
1.
U. S. Constitution, Amendments, art. i, art. xiv, sec. 1.
2.
Lives of the Popes, Montor, vol. i, p. 94; Life of Leo XIII, “Philippine Question.”
3.
The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 506; Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 328.
4.
Ancient Egypt, Rawlinson, vol. i, p. 323.
5.
Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, pp. 98, 164, 274; History of England, Lingard, vol. i, c. vii; The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 506.
6.
Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 257.
7.
Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 271.
8.
The Beginnings of Christianity, Shahan, 90.
9.
Elements of Ecclesiastical Law, Smith.
10.
Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 387; Justinian, Sandar, p. 21.
11.
The Beginnings of Christianity, Shahan.
12.
Universal Church History, Alzog.
13.
Law Dictionary, Bouvier, “Benefit of Clergy,” “Canon Law”; Blackstone, vol. i, p. 460, vol. iii, p. 61.
14.
Blackstone, vol. i, p. 461.
15.
Justinian, Sandar, p. 21; Cyc, vol. viii, p. 366, vol. xiv, p. 1228; Eq. Jurisprudence, Pomeroy, vol. i, p. 1; The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 255 et seq; Blackstone, vol. i, pp. 18-20, 63; Kent, vol. i, p. 10; English Constitution, Creasy.
16.
Blackstone, vol. i, p. 82, vol. iv, c. 33; The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 337; Conflict of Laws, Wharton, sec. 172.
17.
The American Cyclopedia, “Bologna.”
18.
The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 238.
19.
Blackstone, vol. i, pp. 18-20, 79, vol. iv, c. 33.
20.
Commentaries, Kent, vol. i, c. xi, pp. 342, 473, 515, 525-544, vol. ii, p. 27; Origin and Nature of the Constitution and Government of U. S., U. S. Sup. Ct. Reps., 9 L. Ed., 873.
21.
Commentaries, Kent, vol. i, p. 472; Blackstone, vol. i, p. 107.
22.
Commentaries, Kent, vol. ii, pp. 35-37; Conflict of Laws, Wharton (3rd ed.), vol. ii, pp. 1327-8.
23.
Law of Fraternities, Scanlan, ch. xxiv; Conflict of Laws, Wharton, sec. 109; Baxter v. McDonald, 155 N. Y., 83; 49 N. E., 667; Morris v. Dart, 67 S. C, 338; 45 S. E., 753; 100 Am. St. R., 734; Terrett v. Taylor, 13 U. S., 43; 3 L. Ed., 650.
24.
Weld v. May, 9 Cushing, Mass., 181.
25.
Martin v. State, 65 Tenn., 234.
26.
A Manual of Catholic Theology, Wilhelm and Scannell, p. xvii, et seq.
27.
A Catholic Dictionary, Addis and Arnold, “Dogma.”
28.
In re St. Louis Inst. of Christian Science, 27 Mo. App., 633.
29.
Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9.
30.
State v. Trustees, 7 Ohio St., 58.
31.
Kniskern v. Lutheran Church, 1 Sandford, N. Y., Ch. 439.
32.
State v. Hallock, 16 Nev., 373.
33.
Stephenson v. Hanyon, 7 Dist. Ct. Rep. Pa., 585.
34.
State v. Board, 134 Mo., 296; 35 S. W., 617.
35.
Synod v. State, 2 S. Dak., 366; 50 N. W., 632; 14 L. R. A., 418.
36.
Stebbins v. Jennings, 10 Pick., Mass., 172.
37.
State v. District Board, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 20 Am. St. Rep., 41; 7 L. R. A., 330.
38.
Hackett v. Brooksville, 27 Ky. L., 1021; 87 N. W., 792; 69 L. R. A., 592.
39.
State v. Board, 134 Mo., 296; 35 S. W., 617; 56 Am. St. Rep., 503.
40.
County v. Industrial School, 125 Ill., 540; 18 N. E., 183; 1 L. R. A., 437; 8 Am. St. Rep., 386.
41.
“Wis. Industrial School for Girls,” Wisconsin Blue Book. Session Laws of Wis., 1907, p. 1416 (index to Acts). Wis. Industrial School for Girls v. Clark Co., 103 Wis., 651; 79 N. W., 422.
42.
O'Connor v. Hendrick, 184 N. Y., 421; 77 N. E., 612.
43.
Hysong v. Gallitzen, 164 Pa., 629; 30 At., 482; 44 Am. St. Rep., 623; 26 L. R. A., 203; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908). A good résumé of the subject is given in a footnote in 105 Am. St. R., 151.
44.
Stafford v. State, 45 So., 673. A Protestant Dictionary, Wright & Neil, and Webster's Dictionary, “Worship.” A Catholic Dictionary, Addis and Arnold, “Latria.”
45.
Gass's App., 73 Pa., 46; 13 Am. Rep., 726; State v. Norris, 59 N. H., 536.
46.
St. Joseph's Church v. Assessors, 12 R. I., 19; 34 Am. R., 597; Gerke v. Purcell, 25 Ohio, 229; Am. & Eng. Ency. of L., “Worship.”
47.
Ante, 28; Post, 346.
48.
Catholic Catechism.
49.
Sherman v. Baker, 20 R. I., 446; 40 At., 11; 40 L. R. A., 717.
50.
Webster v. Surghow, 69 N. H., 380; 45 At., 139; 48 L. R. A., 100.
51.
Coleman v. O'Leary, 114 Ky., 388; 70 S. W., 1068.
52.
McEntee v. Bonacum, 66 Neb., 651; 92 N. W., 633.
53.
American and English Encyclopedia of Law, “Parishoner.”
54.
Ibid., “Minister”; 7 Cyc, 189, “Clergy.”
55.
Ibid.
56.
Ibid.
57.
Davies v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; 33 L. Ed., 637.
58.
Simpson v. Welcome, 72 Me., 496.
59.
Board v. Minor, 23 Ohio St., 250.
60.
Baxter v. Langley, 38 L. J., M. C., 1.
61.
Art. vi.
62.
Ex parte Garland, 4 Wallace, 333; 18 L. Ed., 366.
63.
Church of Latter-Day Saints v. U. S., 136 U. S., 1; 34 L. Ed., 478; 140 U. S., 665; 35 L. Ed., 592.
64.
Reynolds v. United States, 8 Otto, 145; 25 L. Ed., 244.
65.
Church of Latter-Day Saints v. U. S., 136 U. S., 1; 34 L. Ed., 478; 140 U. S., 665; 35 L. Ed., 592.
66.
Davis v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; 33 L. Ed., 637.
67.
Fenelon v. Girard, 2 Howard, 127; 11 L. Ed., 205.
68.
State v. Marble, 72 Ohio St., 21; 73 N. E., 1063; State v. Chenoweth, 163 Ind., 94; 71 N. E., 197; People v. Reetz, 127 Mich, 87; 86 N. W., 396; 59 Cen. L. J., 202; 68 L. R. A., 432.
69.
Thaxter v. Jones, 4 Mass., 570.
70.
Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9.
71.
Federal and State Constitutions, Stimson.
72.
Bradford v. Roberts, 175 U. S., 291; 44 L. Ed., 168; 20 Sup. Ct. R., 121; Municipality of Ponce v. The Roman Catholic Apostolic Church, 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737 (1908).
73.
Terrett v. Taylor, 9 Cranch, 43; 3 L. Ed., 650; Municipality, etc., v. Church, 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737.
74.
Millard v. Board, 19 Ill., 48; Dorner v. Dist., 118 N. W., 353.
75.
Ashby v. Wellington, 25 Mass., 524.
76.
Federal and State Constitutions, Stimson, p. 139; Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9.
77.
State v. Trustees, 11 Ohio, 24.
78.
First v. Leach, 35 Vt., 108.
79.
Federal and State Constitutions, Stimson, p. 139.
80.
State v. District, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 20 Am. St. R., 41; 7 L. R. A., 330.
81.
Church v. Bullock, 100 S. W. (Tex.), 1025; Millard v. Board, 121 Ill., 297; 10 N. E., 669; Hackett v. Brooksville, 27 Ky. L., 1021; 87 S. W., 792; 69 L. R. A., 592; 61 C. L. J., 49.
82.
Church v. Bullock, 100 S. W., 1025.
83.
Moore v. Monroe, 64 Ia., 367; 20 N. W., 475; 66 L. R. A., 166; 52 Am. R., 444; Pfeiffer v. Board, 118 Mich., 560; 77 N. W., 250; 42 L. R. A., 536.
84.
Hysong v. Gallitzin Borough School, 164 Pa. St., 629; 30 At., 482; 26 L. R. A., 203; Dorner v. School District, 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908).
85.
O'Connor v. Hendricks, 96 N. Y. S., 161.
86.
Ch. 723, L. 1895.
87.
West v. Otteson, 80 Wis., 62; 49 N. W., 24; Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 23 Ill., 456; 31 Ill., 25.
88.
Gitzhoffen v. Sisters, 88 Pac., 691; 32 Utah, 46; Trustees v. B. P. O. E., 122 Wis., 452; 100 N. W., 837.
89.
Hermits v. County, 7 Pa. L. J., 124.
90.
Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
91.
In re Van Horn, 18 R. I., 389.
92.
Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob, La., 51.
93.
Rutherford v. Hill, 22 Or., 218; 29 Pac., 546; 17 L. R. A., 549; 56 Cen. L. J., 221; Wechselberg v. Flour, 64 F., 90.
94.
Jewett v. Thames Bank, 16 Conn., 511.
95.
Jeffts v. York, 10 Cushing, 392.
96.
Allen v. M. E. Church, 127 Ia., 96; 102 N. W., 808; 69 L. R. A., 255; Sawyer v. Methodist, 18 Vt., 405.
97.
Wise v. Perpetual Trustees, House of Lords, 57 C. L. J., 104.
98.
Sheehy v. Blake, 77 Wis., 394; 46 N. W., 537; 69 L. R. A., 255.
99.
Clark v. O'Rourke, 111 Mich., 108; 69 N. W., 147.
100.
Bradford v. Cary, 5 Me., 339; Lynch v. Pfeiffer, 110 N. Y., 33; 17 N. E., 402; In re St. Luke's, 17 Philadelphia, 261.
101.
Addison v. Brock, 3 Me., 243.
102.
Stebbins v. Jennings, 10 Pickering, 172.
103.
Municipality of Ponce v. Roman Catholic Church, 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737; 6 Cyc, 915.
104.
Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25; Mason v. Muncaster, 9 Wheaton, 468; 6 L. Ed., 131.
105.
Wheaton v. Gates, 18 N. Y., 395.
106.
South v. Yates, 1 Hoff. N. Y., 142; Miller v. Chittendon, 42 Ia., 252; Newmarket v. Smart, 45 N. H., 87; Evangelical Appeal, 35 Pa. St., 316.
107.
Congregational Society v. Swan, 2 Vt., 222.
108.
Horton v. Baptist Church, 34 Vt., 309.
109.
Associated Reform Church v. Theological Seminary, 4 N. J. Eq., 77.
110.
Taylor v. Edison, 4 Cushing, 522.
111.
Laws of 1895, ch. 723; Religious Corporations, Cummings and Gilbert.
112.
Heiss v. Vosburg, 59 Wis., 532; 18 N. W., 463.
113.
Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.
114.
Christian C. v. C., 219 Ill., 503; 76 N. E., 703.
115.
Jackson v. Legate, 9 Wendell, N. Y., 377.
116.
10 Cyc, 235-244.
117.
Atty-Gen. v. Dutch, 36 N. Y., 452.
118.
Methodist v. Pickett, 23 Barber, 436.
119.
Sutton v. Cole, 8 Mass., 96.
120.
Miller v. English, 21 N. J. L., 317.
121.
Enos v. Church, 187 Mass., 40; 72 N. E., 253.
122.
Baptist v. Wetherell, 3 Paige, N. Y., 296; In re Williams, 105 N. Y. S., 1105; Contra: First R. P. Ch. v. Bowden, 10 Abb., N. C., 1.
123.
Bellports v. Tooker, 29 Barber, N. Y., 256.
124.
Sutter v. First, 42 Pa. St., 503.
125.
Atwater v. Woodbridge, 6 Conn., 223.
126.
Wardens v. Hall, 22 Conn., 125.
127.
Beach, Private Corporations, vol. i, p. 608.
128.
Free Ch. of Scotland v. Overton, Appeal Cases, House of Lords, 1904; Winnebrenner v. Colder, 43 Pa. St., 244.
129.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, c. iii.
130.
Christ's Ev. L. C., 5 Pa. Co. Court, 121.
131.
In re Zion, 8 Kulp. Pa., 239.
132.
In re Hebron, 9 Phil., 609.
133.
U. S. v. Church, 5 Utah, 361, 394, and 538; 15 Pac., 473; 16 Pac., 723; 18 Pac., 35.
134.
Neil v. Vestry, 8 Gill., 116.
135.
Madison v. Baptist, 26 N. Y., 570; Stokes v. Phelps, 47 Hun., 570.
136.
German, etc., 9 Pa. Co. C., 12.
137.
Evenson v. Ellingson, 72 Wis., 242; 39 N. W., 330.
138.
Toby v. Wareham, 54 Mass., 440.
139.
Weber v. Zimmerman, 22 Md., 156; Wyncoop v. Cong., 10 La., 185.
140.
Magie v. German, 13 N. J. Eq., 77.
141.
Esterbrook v. Tillinghast, 71 Mass., 17.
142.
South v. Clapp, 18 Barber, N. Y., 35.
143.
Tilden v. Metcalf, 2 Day, Conn., 259; Heiss v. Vosburg, 59 Wis., 532; 18 N. W., 518.
144.
Keller v. Tracy, 11 Ia., 530.
145.
Verrian v. Methodist, 44 Abbott Pr., 424.
146.
Trustees v. Hoessli, 13 Wis., 348.
147.
Franke v. Mann, 106 Wis., 118; 81 N. W., 1014.
148.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
149.
Mormon v. United States, 136 U. S., 1; 33 L. Ed., 639.
150.
In re Methodist, 67 Hun., 86.
151.
In re Union, 6 Abb., N. C., 398.
152.
First v. Brownell, 5 Hun., 464.
153.
Evenson v. Ellingson, 72 Wis., 242; 39 N. W., 330.
154.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 20; Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 328; Sutter v. First, 42 Pa. St., 503.
155.
Rose v. Vertin, 46 Mich., 457; 9 N. W., 491; Tuigg v. Sheehan, 101 Pa. St., 363.
156.
Am. & Eng. Ency. of L., “Religious Societies.”
157.
Den. v. Bolton, 12 N. J. L., 206.
158.
Bonacum v. Murphy, 65 Neb., 831, and 71 Neb., 463; 98 N. W., 1030; 102 N. W., 267, and 104 N. W., 180.
159.
Bonacum v. Murphy, 71 Neb., 463; 104 N. W., 180; Bowden v. MacLeod, 1 Edw., N. Y., 588.
160.
Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., La., 62.
161.
Fitzgerald v. Robinson, 112 Mass., 371; Grosvenor v. United States, 118 Mass., 78; Post, 132.
162.
Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob., La., 51.
163.
Bowldin v. Alexander, 82 U. S., 131; 21 L. Ed., 69.
164.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
165.
Appeal of McAuley, 77 Pa., 397.
166.
Smith v. Swormstedt, 57 U. S., 288; 14 L. Ed., 942.
167.
Skilton v. Webster, Bright, Pa., 203; Mt. Helena Bp. Ch., 79 Miss., 488; 30 So. Rep., 714.
168.
Smith v. Swormstedt, 57 U. S., 288; 14 L. Ed., 942.
169.
Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323; Papalion v. Manusos, 113 Ill. App., 316.
170.
People v. Steele, 2 Barber, 397.
171.
Stebbins v. Jennings, 10 Pickering, 172.
172.
Elizabeth City v. Kennedy, Bush, 44, N. C. Law, 89.
173.
Diffendorf v. Reformed Church, 20 Johns., N. Y., 12.
174.
Sutton v. Trustees, 42 Pa., 503.
175.
Baxter v. McDonald, 155 N. Y., 83; 49 N. E., 667.
176.
Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob., 51.
177.
Young v. Ransom, 31 Barb., 49.
178.
Perry v. Wheeler, 75 Ky., 541.
179.
Sheldon v. Easton, 4 Mass., 281; Congregation v. Peres, 42 Tenn., 620; Thompson v. Catholic, 22 Mass., 469.
180.
Proprietors v. Proprietors, 48 Mass., 496.
181.
Dempsey v. North, 98 Mich., 444; 57 N. W., 267.
182.
Hackett v. Mt. Pleasant, 46 Ark., 291.
183.
Chatard v. O'Donovan, 80 Ind., 20.
184.
Brestor v. Burr, 120 N. Y., 427; 8 L. R. A., 710; 24 N. E., 937.
185.
Walker v. Wainwright, 16 Barb., 486.
186.
O'Hara v. Stack, 90 Pa., 477.
187.
Stack v. O'Hara, 98 Pa. St., 213.
188.
Cooper v. McKenna, 104 Mass., 284.
189.
Leahy v. Williams, 141 Mass., 345.
190.
State v. Winkle, 14 N. H., 480.
191.
Methodist v. Sherman, 36 Wis., 404.
192.
Baldwin v. McKlinch, 1 Me., 102.
193.
Elizabeth City v. Kennedy, 44 N. C., 89.
194.
Calkins v. Cheney, 92 Ill., 463.
195.
St. Patrick's v. Daly, 116 Ill., 76; 4 N. E., 241.
196.
Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., La., 62.
197.
Meyer v. Baptist, 38 Vt., 614.
198.
Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., 62.
199.
Whittmore v. Fourth, 68 Mass., 306.
200.
St. Patrick's v. Daly, 4 N. E., 241; 116 Ill., 76.
201.
Tuigg v. Treacy, 104 Pa., 493.
202.
Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.
203.
Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276, 278; Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
204.
Weckerly v. Geyer, 11 Ser. R. Pa., 35.
205.
Weinbrenner v. Colder, 43 Pa. St., 244.
206.
People v. Tuthil, 31 N. Y., 550.
207.
Price v. Lyon, 14 Conn., 280.
208.
Suter v. Spangler, 4 Phil., 331.
209.
Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 36; 32 L. R. A., 836; 33 N. E., 777.
210.
McGuire v. Trustees, 54 Hun., 207.
211.
Church v. Halverson, 42 Minn., 503; 44 N. W., 563; Day v. Bolton, 12 N. J. L., 206; Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
212.
Osgood v. Bradley, 7 Me., 411.
213.
Baptist v. Witherell, 24 Am. Dec., 223; 3 The Catholic Cyclopedia, 755; Contra: First R. P. Ch. v. Bowden, 10 Abb., N. C, 1. See post 134, 156.
214.
Jewett v. Thames, 16 Conn., 511.
215.
Chick v. Trevett, 20 Me., 462; Allen v. M. E. Church, 127 Ia., 96; 102 N. W., 808; 69 L. R. A., 255.
216.
Sheehy v. Blake, 72 Wis., 411; 39 N. W., 479; 9 L. R. A., 564.
217.
Chase v. Merrimac, 34 Mass., 564; Bigelow v. Congregation, 15 Vt., 370.
218.
Richardson v. Butterfield, 60 Mass., 191.
219.
State v. Hebrew, 31 La. Ann., 205; 33 Am. Rep., 217; Grosvenor v. United States, 118 Mass., 78; Watson v. Garbin, 54 Mo., 358.
220.
State v. Getty, 69 Conn., 286; 37 At., 188.
221.
Free Church of Scotland v. Overton, Appeal Cases, House of Lords, 1904; Fuchs v. Meisel, 102 Mich., 357; 32 L. R. A., 92; 60 N. W., 773.
222.
Methodist v. Wood, 5 Ohio, 12.
223.
McGinnis v. Watson, 41 Pa. St., 9.
224.
German v. Seibert, 3 Pa. St., 282.
225.
Sutter v. First, 42 Pa. St., 503.
226.
Miller v. Gable, 2 Den., N. Y., 492; Eis v. Croze, 149 Mich., 62; 112 N. W., 943; Dressen v. Brameier, 56 Ia., 756; 9 N. W., 193; Amish v. Gelhaus, 71 Ia., 170; 32 N. W., 318.
227.
Lamm v. Cain, 129 Ind., 486; 14 L. R. A., 518.
228.
Fernald v. Lewis, 6 Me., 264.
229.
Trustees v. Henschell, 48 Minn., 494; 51 N. W., 477.
230.
Perry v. Tupper, 74 N. C., 722.
231.
Wanner v. Emanuel, 174 Pa., 466.
232.
West v. Ottesen, 80 Wis., 62; 49 N. W., 24.
233.
Second v. First, 23 Conn., 255.
234.
Smith v. Swormstedt, 57 U. S., 288; 14 L. Ed., 942.
235.
Nelson v. Benson, 69 Ill., 27; Brown v. Porter, 10 Mass., 93.
236.
Page v. Crosby, 41 Mass., 211.
237.
Harper v. Straws, 53 Ky., 48; Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9; Wiswell v. First, 14 Ohio St., 31; Reorganized v. Church, 60 Fed., 937; 32 L. R. A., 838; Fernstler v. Seibert, 114 Pa., 196; 6 At., 165.
238.
Shannon v. First, 42 Ky., 253.
239.
Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292; McGrath v. Finn, 16 Alb. L. J., 186; Morasse v. Borchee, 151 Mass., 567; 25 N. E., 74.
240.
Farnsworth v. Storrs, 59 Mass., 412.
241.
Bowldin v. Alexander, 15 Wall., 131; 21 L. Ed., 69; Ante, sec. 116, post 156.
242.
In re Paulson's will, 127 Wis., 612; 107 N. W., 484.
243.
Barry v. C. K. of W., 119 Wis., 362; 96 N. W., 797.
244.
In re Knox, 25 Ch. Div., 542.
245.
Harden v. Baptist, 51 Mich., 137; 16 N. W., 311.
246.
Taylor v. Edison, 58 Mass., 522; Gray v. Christian, 137 Mass., 329.
247.
Fulbright v. Higgenbotham, 133 Mo., 668; 34 S. W., 875.
248.
Jones v. State, 28 Neb., 495; 44 N. W., 658; 7 L. R. A., 325.
249.
Hamel v. German, 1 Weekly Note Cases, 411.
250.
State v. Hebrew, 31 La. Ann., 205; 33 Am. Rep., 217.
251.
Deadrick v. Lampson, 58 Tenn., 523.
252.
Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 361; 32 L. R. A., 838.
253.
Lucas v. Case, 9 Bush, Ky., 297.
254.
Grosvenor v. U. S., 118 Mass., 78.
255.
Miller v. English, 21 N. J. L., 317; 10 Cyc, 320-328; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 17.
256.
State v. Crowell, 9 N. J. L., 391; Commonwealth v. Cain, 5 Ser. & R., Pa., 510.
257.
Wegerle v. Geyer, 11 Ser. & R., Pa., 35.
258.
Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa. St., 484; St. Luke's v. Matthews, 4 Desau, S. C., 578; State v. Crowell, 9 N. J. L., 391.
259.
People v. Tuthill, 31 N. Y., 550.
260.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 18, 20; 10 Cyc, 329.
261.
Madison v. Baptist, 32 Howard's Pr., 335.
262.
People v. Tuthill, 31 N. Y., 550.
263.
Hart v. Harvey, 32 Barb., N. Y., 55.
264.
Alexander v. Bowers, 79 S. W., 342.
265.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 18, 20, 23; People v. Peck, 11 Wend., N. Y., 604.
266.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 9; Gipson v. Morris, 83 S. W., Tex., 226; McCrary's Am. L. of Elections, secs. 298-300.
267.
Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa., 484.
268.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 23-27; Wardens v. Pope, 8 Gray, Mass., 140.
269.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
270.
Vestry v. Matthews, 4 Desau, S. C., 578.
271.
Cooley's Con. Lim., 619; McCrary's Am. L. of Elections, sec. 197; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 24-27.
272.
Commonwealth v. Woelper, 3 Ser. & R., Pa., 29.
273.
In re Peters, 112 N. Y. Sup., 339.
274.
Gram v. Prussia, 36 N. Y., 161.
275.
Wall v. Johnson, 140 Ind., 445; 39 N. E., 251; Simmons v. Allison, 118 N. C., 763.
276.
People v. St. Anthony, 109 N. Y., 512; 17 N. E., 408.
277.
Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., 62; Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob., 51; St. Andrew's Ch. v. Schaugnessy, 63 Neb., 792; 89 N. W., 261.
278.
Enos v. Church, 187 Mass., 40; 72 N. E., 253.
279.
Ross v. Crockett, 14 La. Ann., 811.
280.
Laight v. Noe, 12 Howard's Pr., 497; Contra: In re Williams, 105 N. Y. S., 1105; Ante, 116, 134.
281.
People v. Lacoste, 37 N. Y., 192; Fadness v. Braunberg, 73 Wis., 257; 41 N. W., 84; McCrary on Am. L. of Elections, secs. 209, 264; 10 Cyc, 347; People v. Nappa, 89 Mich., 232; 50 N. W., 846.
282.
Hendrickson v. Shotwell, 1 N. J. Eq., 577.
283.
Congregation v. Sperry, 10 Conn., 200; 10 Cyc, 319.
284.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
285.
Smith v. Erb, 5 Gill., Md., 437.
286.
People v. Peck, 11 Wend., N. Y., 604.
287.
Catron v. First, 46 Ia., 106; People v. St. Anthony's, 109 N. Y., 512; 17 N. E., 408.
288.
Columbia v. Gospel, 127 N. Y., 361.
289.
First v. Caughey, 85 Pa., 271.
290.
San Antonia v. Adams, 87 Tex., 125; 26 S. W., 1040; Hill v. Rich, 119 Mo., 9; 24 S. W., 223.
291.
Hewitt v. Wheeler, 22 Conn., 577; Devos v. Gray, 22 Ohio, 159; Klopp v. Moore, 6 Kan., 27; Neil v. Spencer, 5 Ill. App., 461; United v. Vandusen, 37 Wis., 54.
292.
Miller v. Church, 4 Phil., 48.
293.
Brunnenmeyer v. Buhre, 32 Ill., 183.
294.
N. Baptist v. Parker, 36 Barb., N. Y., 171.
295.
Dennison v. Austin, 15 Wis., 334.
296.
United v. Vandusen, 37 Wis., 54; MacLaury v. Hart, 121 N. Y., 636; 24 N. E., 1013.
297.
Vestry v. Barksdale, 1 Strobb. Eq., S. C., 197.
298.
New v. Gress, 89 Ga., 125.
299.
10 Cyc, 776-9; In re Denny, 156 Ind., 104; 59 N. E., 359; 51 L. R. A., 722.
300.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 21; U. S. v. Balm, 144 U. S., 1; 12 Sup. Ct. R., 507; 36 L. Ed., 321; The Catholic Cyclopedia, vol. i, 289.
301.
Cicotte v. Anciaux, 53 Mich., 227; 18 N. W., 793.
302.
Trustees v. Halverson, 42 Minn., 503; 44 N. W., 663.
303.
Skinner v. Richardson, 76 Wis., 464; 45 N. W., 318; Dennison v. Auston, 15 Wis., 334.
304.
Vestry v. Barksdale, 1 Strobb. S. C. Eq., 197.
305.
State v. Ahnapee, 99 Wis., 322; 74 N. W., 783.
306.
Bowldin v. Alexander, 82 U. S., 131; 21 L. Ed., 69; The Catholic Cyclopedia, vol. iii, 755, 756.
307.
Leahy v. Williams, 141 Mass., 345; 6 N. E., 78.
308.
People v. Runkel, 8 Johnson, N. Y., 464.
309.
Leahy v. Williams, 141 Mass., 345.
310.
Rose v. Vertin, 46 Mich., 457; 9 N. W., 491; Tuigg v. Sheehan, 101 Pa., 363.
311.
Freeport v. Egan, 146 Pa., 106; 23 At., 390.
312.
Scott v. Thompson, 21 Ia., 599.
313.
Emonds v. Termehr, 60 Ia., 92; 14 N. W., 197.
314.
Wojcienchowski v. Johnknowski, 16 Pa. Sup. Ct., 444.
315.
Chiniqui v. Delaire, 37 Ill., 237.
316.
St. Patrick's v. Abst., 76 Ill., 252.
317.
First v. Prior, 23 Hun., 271.
318.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 15-18.
319.
German v. Pressler, 17 La. Ann., 127.
320.
Appeal of McAuley, 77 Pa., 397.
321.
Bethany v. Sperry, 10 Conn., 200.
322.
Weber v. Zimmermann, 22 Md., 156.
323.
Downs v. Bowdoin, 149 Mass., 135; 21 N. E., 294.
324.
Smith v. Erb., 4 Gill., Md., 437.
325.
Helbig v. Rosenberg, 86 Ia., 159; 53 N. W., 111.
326.
Dahl v. Palache, 68 Cal., 248.
327.
People v. Runkel, 9 Johnson, 147.
328.
First v. Hillary, 51 Cal., 155.
329.
Tuttle v. Cary, 7 Me., 426.
330.
State v. Steward, 6 Houst., Del., 9.
331.
Jones v. Cary, 6 Me., 448; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 29-30.
332.
State v. Steward, 6 Houst., Del., 359.
333.
Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa., 484; McIlvain v. Christ's Church, 8 Phil., 507.
334.
Livingston v. Trinity Church, 45 N. J. L., 230.
335.
People v. Tuthill, 31 N. Y., 550.
336.
Madison v. Baptist, 46 N. Y., 131.
337.
Moore v. St. Thomas' Church, 4 Abb., N. Y., 51.
338.
Commonwealth v. Woelper, 3 Ser. & R., 29.
339.
Wardens v. Pope, 74 Mass., 140.
340.
Oakes v. Hill, 6 Weekly Notes, Cas., 346.
341.
Hartt v. Harvey, 32 Barb., 55.
342.
Weckerly v. Geyer, 11 Ser. & R., 35.
343.
People v. Church, 48 Barb., 603.
344.
Allen v. Gray, 11 Conn., 95.
345.
Arthur v. Norfield, 49 At., 241; 73 Conn., 718.
346.
Pepin v. Societies, 23 R. I., 81; 60 L. R. A., 626.
347.
Lahiff v. St. Joseph's T. A. B. S., 76 Conn., 648; 65 L. R. A., 92.
348.
10 Cyc, 1067.
349.
17 Cyc, 405; 2 Jones on Ev., secs. 522, 523; Conflict of L., Wharton, vol. ii, sec. 761, pp. 1496-8; Collins v. German, Am. M. I. Ass., 112 Mo. App., 209; 86 S. W., 891; Layton v. Kraft, 98 N. Y., 996.
350.
Collins v. German, 112 Mo. App., 209; Sandberg v. The State, 113 Wis., 578; 89 N. W., 504.
351.
Sawyer v. Baldwin, 11 Pickering, 492.
352.
Finher v. Hanegen, 59 Ark., 151; 24 L. R. A., 543.
353.
Mt. Zion v. Whitmore, 83 Ia., 138; 49 N. W., 846; 13 L. R. A., 198.
354.
Bonacum v. Murphy, 65 Neb., 831; 98 N. W., 1030; 71 Neb., 463; 102 N. W., 267; 104 ib., 180; Nance v. Busby, 91 Tenn., 303; 18 S. W., 874; 15 L. R. A., 801.
355.
Bonacum v. Harrington, 65 Neb., 831; 91 N. W., 886.
356.
Tubbs v. Lynch, 4 Harr., Del., 521.
357.
Sterns v. Bedford, 21 Pickering, 114.
358.
O'Donovan v. Chatard, 97 Ind., 421.
359.
Baxter v. McDonald, 155 N. Y., 83; 49 N. E., 667.
360.
Gibbs v. Gilead, 38 Conn., 153.
361.
Stack v. O'Hara, 98 Pa., 213.
362.
29 Cyc, 204, and “Religious Societies”; Am. & Eng. Cyc. of L., “Religious Societies” and “Beneficial Societies”; 2 Benefit Societies & L. Insurance, Bacon, secs. 400a and 450a.
363.
Farnsworth v. Storrs, 59 Mass., 412.
364.
Hatfield v. Delong, 24 Ind. App., 343; 51 L. R. A., 751; Ryan v. Cudahy, 157 Ill., 108; 41 N. E., 760; 49 L. R. A., 353.
365.
Sampsell v. Esher, 26 Weekly Law Bulletin, Ohio, 156.
366.
Day v. Robinson, 12 N. J. L., 206.
367.
Diffendorf v. Reformed Church, 20 Johnson, N. Y., 12.
368.
Chase v. Cheney, 58 Ill., 509.
369.
Catholic Dictionary, Addis & Arnold, “Prescription.”
370.
Legal Formulary, Baart, 462.
371.
Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa. St., 484.
372.
Beers v. Arkansas, 20 How., U. S., 527; 15 L. Ed., 991.
373.
See “Benefit of the Clergy” and “Forum Ecclesiasticum,” in The Catholic Cyclopedia and in the Catholic Dictionary.
374.
Kuns v. Robinson, 154 Ill., 394; 40 N. E., 343; Brundage v. Deardorf, 55 Fed., 839; Watson v. Jones, 80 U. S., 679; 20 L. Ed., 666; Bird v. St. Mark's, 62 Ia., 567; 17 N. W., 747; Perry v. Wheeler, 75 Ky., 541; Powers v. Bundy, 45 Neb., 208; 63 N. W., 476; Connit v. Reformed, 54 N. Y., 551; Harrison v. Hoyle, 24 Ohio St., 254; Krecker v. Shirey, 163 Pa., 534; 30 At., 540.
375.
Watson v. Jones, 80 U. S., 679; 20 L. Ed., 666.
376.
Prickett v. Wells, 117 Mo., 502; 24 S. W., 52; Pounder v. Ash, 36 Neb., 564; 54 N. W., 847.
377.
Atty-Gen. v. Fed., 69 Mass., 1.
378.
Mt. Helen v. Jones, 79 Miss., 488; 30 So., 714.
379.
Prickett v. Wells, 117 Mo., 502; 24 S. W., 52.
380.
Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25.
381.
Garten v. Penick, 68 Ky., 110.
382.
Brunnenmeyer v. Buhre, 31 Ill., 183.
383.
Lawson v. Kolbenson, 61 Ill., 405.
384.
Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.
385.
Papalion v. Manusos, 113 Ill. App., 316.
386.
Avery v. Baker, 27 Neb., 388; 43 N. W., 174.
387.
Trustees v. Trustees, 4 N. J. Eq., 77.
388.
Nash v. Sutton, 117 N. C., 231; 23 S. E., 178; Wiswell v. First, 14 Ohio St., 31.
389.
Mannix v. Purcell, 46 Ohio St., 102.
390.
Baker v. Ducker, 79 Cal., 365; 21 Pac., 764.
391.
Morris v. Dart, 67 S. C., 338; 45 S. E., 753; 100 Am. St. Rep., 734.
392.
Phipps v. Jones, 20 Pa., 260.
393.
Dolan v. City, 4 Gill., 394.
394.
Shakers v. Watson, 68 Fed., 730.
395.
61 Cen. L. J., 49 and 55; 57 C. L. J., 201.
396.
Owens v. Frank, 7 Wyoming, 457; 53 Pac., 282; 47 Cen. L. J., 221.
397.
Evidence, Jones, vol. iii, p. 776.
398.
Gillooley v. State, 58 Ind., 182.
399.
Knight v. Lee, 80 Ind., 201.
400.
Colbert v. State, 125 Wis., 423; 104 N. W., 61.
401.
Hills v. State, 61 Neb., 589; 85 N. W., 836.
402.
Bevins v. Kline, 21 Ind., 37.
403.
In re Thomas, 54 Cal., 509.
404.
Rex. v. Hoy, 2 F. & F., 4.
405.
Rex. v. Griffen, 6 Cox, C. C., 219.
406.
Mutual v. Robinson, 19 U. S. App., 266; State v. Morgan, 196 Mo., 177; 95 S. W., 402.
407.
Katzer v. City, 104 Wis., 16; 79 N. W., 745; 80 N. W., 41.
408.
Vasconcellos v. Ferraria, 27 Ill., 237.
409.
Foley v. Brocksmit, 119 Ia., 457; 93 N. W., 344; 97 Am. St. R., 324; 60 L. R. A., 571; 18 Cyc, 437-9.
410.
Harriman v. First, 63 Ga., 186.
411.
Methodist v. Sherman, 36 Wis., 404.
412.
St. Patrick's v. Daly, 116 Ill., 76; 4 N. E., 241.
413.
Eager v. Inhabitants, 10 Mass., 430.
414.
Barnes v. Perrine, 9 Barb., N. Y., 202; Sheehy v. Blake, 77 Wis., 394; 46 N. W., 537; 69 L. R. A., 255; Cutler v. Thomas, 25 Vt., 13; Allen v. M. E. Church, 127 Ia., 96; 102 N. W., 808; 69 L. R. A., 255 Note.
415.
9 Cyc, 331.
416.
45 Cent. Dig., 7.
417.
45 Cent. Dig., 38.
418.
45 Cent. Dig., 14.
419.
45 Cent. Dig., 1-54; Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, “Subscriptions.”
420.
Legal Maxims, Broom, 745; Hodges v. Nalty, 104 Wis., 464; 80 N. W., 726.
421.
Hodges v. Nalty, 113 Wis., 557; 89 N. W., 535; Hodges v. O'Brien, 113 Wis., 97; 88 N. W., 901.
422.
Barnes v. Perine, 9 Bar., N. Y., 202.
423.
Macon v. Shepard, 2 Humphrey, Tenn., 335.
424.
O'Hear v. De Goesbriand, 33 Vt., 593; 80 Am. Dec., 662.
425.
Bates v. Sperrell, 10 Mass., 323; Hodges v. Green, 28 Vt., 358; Pres. v. Andrus, 21 N. J. L., 225.
426.
Church v. Wells, 24 Pa., 249.
427.
O'Hear v. De Goesbriand, 33 Vt., 593; 80 Am. Dec., 662.
428.
Proprietors v. Roswell, 66 Me., 400; Sohier v. Trinity, 109 Mass., 1; Aylward v. O'Brien, 160 Mass., 118; 35 N. E., 313; 22 L. R. A., 206.
429.
Aylward v. O'Brien, 160 Mass., 118; 35 N. E., 313; 22 L. R. A., 206; O'Hear v. De Goesbriand, 33 Vt., 593; 80 Am. Dec., 662.
430.
Smith v. Bonhoff, 2 Mich., 115.
431.
Vorhees v. Presbyterian, 8 Barb., 135.
432.
Price v. Lyon, 14 Conn., 280.
433.
Baptist v. Witherell, 3 Paige, N. Y., 296; 24 Am. Dec., 223.
434.
Perrin v. Granger, 33 Vt., 101.
435.
French v. Old, 106 Mass., 479.
436.
Curry v. First, 2 Pittsburg, 105.
437.
Succession of Gambla, 23 La. Ann., 9.
438.
First v. Braydon, 91 Mass., 248.
439.
Downs v. Bowdoin, 149 Mass., 135; 21 N. E., 294.
440.
Trustees v. Quackenbush, 10 Johnson, 217.
441.
Kellogg v. Dickenson, 18 Vt., 266.
442.
Jackson v. Rounsville, 5 Metcalf, Mass., 127.
443.
Murray v. Cargill, 32 Me., 517; Gay v. Baker, 17 Mass., 435; Shaw v. Beveridge, 3 Hill, N. Y., 26; Perrin v. Granger, 33 Vt., 101.
444.
Vanhorn v. Tailmadge, 8 N. J. Eq., 108.
445.
Fassett v. Boylston, 19 Pickering, Mass., 361.
446.
Kimball v. Rowley, 24 Pickering, Mass., 347.
447.
Aylward v. O'Brien, 160 Mass., 118; 35 N. E., 313; 22 L. R. A., 206; Van Houten v. Trustees, 17 N. J. Eq., 126.
448.
Howard v. Stevens, 47 Vt., 262.
449.
Stoddard v. Vestry, 2 Gill. & J., Md., 227.
450.
City v. McIntyre, 8 Rob., La., 467.
451.
Sargent v. Pierce, 43 Mass., 80.
452.
Perrin v. Leverett, 13 Mass., 128.
453.
Crowley v. Miller, 19 N. Y. Weekly Dig., 262.
454.
Sheldon v. Vail, 28 Hun., 354.
455.
Price v. Lyons, 14 Conn., 280.
456.
Perrin v. Granger, 33 Vt., 101.
457.
Commonwealth v. Cain, 5 Srg. & R., Pa., 510.
458.
In re Bullock, 6 Dem. Sur., 335; Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276; Ruth v. Oberbrunner, 40 Wis., 238.
459.
Ruth v. Oberbrunner, 40 Wis., 238; Goesele v. Bimeler, 55 U. S., 589; 14 L. Ed., 554; Van Houten v. Trustees, 17 N. J. Eq., 126.
460.
Winnepesaukee v. Gordon, 63 N. H., 505; 3 At., 426.
461.
Bethel v. Carmack, 2 Md., Ch., 143; Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.
462.
Lynch v. Pfeiffer, 110 N. Y., 33; 17 N. E., 402.
463.
Enos v. Chestnut, 88 Ill., 590.
464.
Walwrath v. Camel, 28 Mich., 111.
465.
Harpending v. Reformed, 41 U. S., 455; 10 L. Ed., 1029.
466.
Inhabitants v. Catholics, 40 Mass., 139; People v. Trinity, 22 N. Y., 44.
467.
Lynch v. Pfeiffer, 110 N. Y., 33; 17 N. E., 402; Eggleston v. Doolittle, 33 Conn., 396.
468.
Tomlin v. Blunt, 31 Ill. App., 234.
469.
Centenary v. Parker, 43 N. J. Eq., 307; 12 At., 142.
470.
Levasseur v. Martin, 11 La. Ann., 684.
471.
O'Donnell v. Holden, 21 Weekly Law Bulletin, 254.
472.
Walwrath v. Camel, 28 Mich., 111.
473.
Fitzpatrick v. Fitzgerald, 79 Mass., 400.
474.
Hubbard v. German, 34 Ia., 31.
475.
In re First, 106 N. Y., 251; 12 N. E., 626; Wiswell v. First, 14 Ohio St., 31.
476.
Scott v. First, 50 Mich., 528; 15 N. W., 891.
477.
In re First, 106 N. Y., 251; 12 N. E., 626.
478.
Katzer v. City of Milwaukee, 104 Wis., 16; 79 N. W., 745; 80 N. W., 41.
479.
Beckwith v. St. Phillip's Parish, 69 Ga., 564.
480.
Miller v. Chittenden, 2 Ia., 315; 4 Ia., 252; Schenectady v. Veeder, 4 Wendell, N. Y., 494.
481.
St. Patrick's v. Daly, 116 Ill., 76.
482.
Nobilli v. Redman, 6 Cal., 325.
483.
San Antonio v. Odin, 15 Tex., 539.
484.
Blair v. Odin, 3 Tex., 288.
485.
Heiss v. Vosburg, 59 Wis., 532; 18 N. W., 463.
486.
Santillan v. Moses, 1 Cal., 92.
487.
Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276.
488.
Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.
489.
Hennessey v. Walsh, 55 N. H., 515.
490.
Pawlet v. Clarke, 13 U. S., 292; 3 L. Ed., 735.
491.
Cheever v. Pierson, 33 Mass., 266.
492.
Amish v. Gelhaus, 71 Ia., 170; 32 N. W., 318.
493.
Cushman v. Church, 162 Pa., 280; 29 At., 472.
494.
Kulinsky v. Dambrowski, 29 Wis., 109.
495.
Reed v. Church, 6 Pa. Co. Ct., 76.
496.
Fulbright v. Higgenbotham, 133 Mo., 668; 34 S. W., 875; People v. Runkel, 9 Johnson, 147; Central v. Patterson, 30 N. Y. Supp., 248; Unangst v. Shortz, 5 Horton, Pa., 506.
497.
Bowden v. MacLeod, 1 Edw., N. Y., 588; Gable v. Miller, 10 Paige, N. Y., 627; Wilson v. Johns, 2 Rich., S. C., Eq., 192; Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25.
498.
Antones v. Eslava's heirs, 9 Port., 527.
499.
Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25; Brunnenmeyer v. Buhre, 32 Ill., 183.
500.
Organ v. Seaford, 1 Dev., N. C. Eq., 453; Post 290, 319.
501.
Gram v. Prussia, 36 N. Y., 161; Reformed v. Draper, 97 Mass., 349.
502.
Dochkus v. Lithuanian, 206 Pa., 25; 55 At., 779.
503.
Burke v. Wall, 29 La. Ann., 38.
504.
Thompson v. West, 59 Neb., 677; 82 N. W., 13; 49 L. R. A., 337.
505.
Morgan v. Leslie, Wright, O., 144.
506.
Consistory v. Brandow, 52 Barb., N. Y., 228.
507.
Grisson v. Hill, 17 Ark., 483.
508.
Scott v. Stipe, 12 Ind., 74; Mills v. Davison, 54 N. J. Eq., 659; 35 At., 1072; 35 L. R. A., 113.
509.
Appeal of Tappen, 52 Conn., 412.
510.
Neely v. Hoskins, 84 Me., 386; 24 At., 882.
511.
Second v. Dugan, 65 Md., 460; 5 At., 415.
512.
Craig v. Inhabitants, 58 Me., 479.
513.
Beckwith v. St. Phillip's Church, 68 Ga., 564.
514.
Mannix v. Purcell, 46 Ohio St., 102; 19 N. E., 572; 2 L. R. A., 753.
515.
Draper v. Minor, 36 Mo., 290.
516.
Burton's Appeal, 57 Pa. St., 213.
517.
Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 361; 33 N. E., 777; 44 N. E., 363; 32 L. R. A., 838.
518.
Free Ch. of Scotland v. Overton, Appeal Cases, House of Lords, 1904; McGinnis v. Watson, 41 Pa. St., 9; Ante, 278.
519.
First v. Rauss, 21 Conn., 160; Watson v. Jones, 13 Wallace, 679; 20 L. Ed., 666.
520.
App. v. Lutheran, 6 Pa. St., 201.
521.
Keller v. Tracy, 11 Ia., 530; Happy v. Morton, 33 Ill., 398; Leftwig v. Thornton, 18 Ia., 56.
522.
Watson v. Jones, 13 Wallace, 679; 20 L. Ed., 666.
523.
Dolan v. Mayor, 4 Gill., Md., 394.
524.
Goode v. McPherson, 51 Mo., 126.
525.
Olcott v. Gabert, 86 Tex., 121; 23 S. W., 985.
526.
Strong v. Doty, 32 Wis., 381.
527.
Fadness v. Braunburg, 73 Wis., 257; 41 N. W., 84.
528.
Weld v. May, 9 Cushing, Mass., 181.
529.
Field v. Field, 9 Wendell, N. Y., 394; Stokes v. Dale, 14 N. Y., 901.
530.
Hendrickson v. Shotwell, 1 N. J. Eq., 577; Calkins v. Cheney, 92 Ill., 463; Park v. Chaplain, 96 Ia., 55; 64 N. W., 674.
531.
Beech v. Allen, 7 Hun., 441.
532.
Catholic v. Gibbons, 3 Weekly Law Bulletin, 581.
533.
Lyons v. Planters, 86 Ga., 485.
534.
African v. Duru, 19 La. Ann., 302; Harrisburg v. Washburn, 29 Oregon, 150; 44 Pac., 390.
535.
Lynn v. Carson, 32 Grat., Va., 170.
536.
Proprietor v. Butler, 56 Mass., 597.
537.
DeRuyter v. St. Peter's, 3 N. Y., 238.
538.
Perrian v. Methodist, 4 Abbot's Pr., N. Y., 424; Unangst v. Shortz, 5 Horton, Pa. St., 506; Trustees v. Hoessli, 13 Wis., 348.
539.
Miller v. Chittenden, 2 Ia., 315; Church v. Grace, 68 N. Y., 570; Gilmer v. Stone, 120 U. S., 586; 30 L. Ed., 734; Kinney v. Kinney's Executors, 86 Ky., 610; 6 S. W., 593.
540.
St. Peter's v. German, 104 Ill., 440.
541.
Kinney v. Kinney's Executors, 86 Ky., 610; 6 S. W., 593.
542.
Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
543.
Morgan v. Leslie, Wright, 144.
544.
U. S. v. Church, 5 Utah, 361; 15 Pac., 473.
545.
In re Ticknor's estate, 13 Mich., 44; Levy v. Levy, 33 N. Y., 97.
546.
Trustees v. Hilkin, 84 Md., 170; 35 At., 9.
547.
Hamsher v. Hamsher, 132 Ill., 273; 23 N. E., 1123; 8 L. R. A., 556.
548.
Hanson v. Little Sisters, 79 Md., 434; 32 At., 1052; Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S., 174; 27 L. Ed., 401.
549.
Church v. Grace, 68 N. Y., 570.
550.
Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.
551.
Trinitarian v. Union, 61 N. H., 384.
552.
Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 361; 44 N. E., 363; 32 L. R. A., 838.
553.
Miller v. English, 21 N. J. L., 317.
554.
Petot v. Tucker, 21 N. Y., 267.
555.
Ludlam v. Higbee, 11 N. J. Eq., 342.
556.
Happy v. Morton, 33 Ill., 398.
557.
Sutor v. Spangler, 4 Phil., 331.
558.
Scott v. Stipe, 12 Ind., 74.
559.
Commonwealth v. Dougherty, 107 Mass., 243.
560.
In re Wright's estate, Myr. Prob., 213 Cal.
561.
Green v. Dennis, 6 Conn., 293; Ferguson v. Hedges, 1 Harr., 524.
562.
Murphy v. Dallam, 1 Bland, 529.
563.
Festorazzi v. St. Joseph's, 104 Ala., 327; 18 So., 394; 25 L. R. A., 360; Ex parte Schuler, 134 Mass., 436; Seiber's Appeal, 9 At., Pa., 863; Holland v. Alcock, 108 N. Y., 312; 16 N. E., 305.
564.
Festorazzi v. St. Joseph's, 104 Ala., 327; 18 So., 394; 25 L. R. A., 360.
565.
McHugh v. McCole, 97 Wis., 166; 72 N. W., 352.
566.
Wilson v. Perry, 29 W. Va., 169; 1 S. E., 302.
567.
Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S., 174; 27 L. Ed., 401.
568.
Good v. Zook, 116 Ia., 582; 88 N. W., 376.
569.
Trustees v. Sturgeon, 9 Pa. St., 321.
570.
Scott v. Curle, 9 B. Mon., 17; Ante, 278, 290.
571.
In re Paulson's will, 127 Wis., 612; 107 N. W., 484.
572.
Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.
573.
62 Cen. L. J., 167.
574.
Ould v. Washington, 95 U. S., 303; 24 L. Ed., 450.
575.
Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S., 174; 27 L. Ed., 401.
576.
Darcy v. Kelley, 153 Mass., 433; 26 N. E., 1110.
577.
Bronson v. Strouse, 57 Conn., 147; 17 At., 699.
578.
Tichenor v. Brewer's, 98 Ky., 349; 33 S. W., 86.
579.
Banker v. Phelan, 4 Barb., 80.
580.
Bowers v. Fromm, Add., Pa., 362.
581.
Germania v. Baltes, 113 Ill., 29.
582.
McDonald v. Shaw, 98 S. W., 952.
583.
Beaty v. Kurtz, 27 U. S., 566; 7 L. Ed., 521.
584.
Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276; Fadness v. Braunburg, 73 Wis., 257; 41 N. W., 84.
585.
Coe v. Washington, 149 Mass., 543; 21 N. E., 966.
586.
Clark v. Brown, 108 S. W., 421, Tex.
587.
Parker v. Quinn, 23 Utah, 332; 64 Pac., 961.
588.
All Saints v. Brookline, 59 N. E., 1003, Mass.
589.
Green v. Outagamie, 76 Wis., 587; 45 N. W., 536.
590.
Katzer v. City, 104 Wis., 16; 80 N. W., 41.
591.
St. Joseph Hospital v. Ashland, 96 Wis., 636; 72 N. W., 43.
592.
Ramsey v. Church, 45 Minn., 229; 47 N. W., 783.
593.
Gray v. Lafayette, 65 Wis., 567; 27 N. W., 311.
594.
Newport v. Masonic, 108 Ky., 333; 56 S. W., 405; 49 L. R. A., 252.
595.
Trustees v. City, 122 Wis., 452; 100 N. W., 837.
596.
Dahl v. Kimball, 6 Me., 171.
597.
Turner v. Inhabitants, 16 Mass., 208; Goodell Mfg. Co. v. Trask, 28 Mass., 514.
598.
Muzzy v. Wilkins, Smith, 1; Ebau v. Hendell, 5 Watts, 43; 30 Am. Dec., 291.
599.
Miller v. Board, 19 Ill. App., 48; Municipality of Ponce v. R. C. A. Ch., 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737; Reuben Quick-Bear v. Leupp, 28 Sup. Ct. Repr., 690; Dorner v. Dist., 118 N. W., 353.
600.
53 Cen. L. J., 224.
601.
Hewitt v. Woman's, 73 N. H., 556; 64 At., 190.
602.
Collins v. New York, 69 N. Y. Supp., 106.
603.
Louisville v. Hammock, 106 S. W., Ky., 219; 14 L. R. A., N. S., 784.
604.
Indianapolis v. Grant, 25 Ind., 518.
605.
Newport v. Masonic, 108 Ky., 333; 56 S. W., 405; 49 L. R. A., 252.
606.
McGee v. German, 13 N. J. Eq., 77.
607.
Miller v. Lerch, Wall. Jr., Pa., 210.
608.
St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys v. Brown, 45 Md., 310.
609.
White v. Price, 108 N. Y., 661; 15 N. E., 427.
610.
Sec. 5, Ky. Constitution; Contra: N. H. Constitution, art. 6.
611.
Donahue v. Richards, 38 Me., 376; State v. Baily, 157 Ind., 324; 61 N. E., 730; 54 Cen. L. J., 142.
612.
St. Patrick's v. Rochester, 34 How. Pr., 227.
613.
People v. Board, 13 Barb., N. Y., 400.
614.
Synod v. State, 2 S. Dak., 366; 50 N. W., 632; 14 L. R. A., 418.
615.
State v. Hallock, 16 Nev., 373; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908).
616.
Jenkins v. Andover, 103 Mass., 94.
617.
Millard v. Board, 121 Ill., 297; 10 N. E., 669; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., Wis., 353.
618.
Church v. Bullock, 100 S. W., Tex., 1025; Donahue v. Richards, 38 Me., 379; 56 C. L. J., 81.
619.
State v. Board, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 7 L. R. A., 330; 53 Am. R., 282; 14 L. R. A., 419; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908).
620.
Billard v. Board, 69 Kan., 53; 76 Pac., 422; 66 L. R. A., 166.
621.
Stevenson v. Hanyon, 7 Pa. Co. Ct., 585; State v. Board, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 7 L. R. A., 330; State v. Scheve, 65 Neb., 853; 91 N. W., 846; 59 L. R. A., 927.
622.
Dorner v. School District, 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908); County v. Industrial School, 125 Ill., 540; 18 N. E., 183; 1 L. R. A., 437; 8 Am. St. Rep., 386; O'Connor v. Hendrick, 184 N. Y., 421; 77 N. E., 612.
623.
Board v. Minor, 23 Ohio, 250; Campanas v. Calderhead, 17 Mont., 548; 44 Pac., 83; 36 L. R. A., 277.
624.
Spiller v. Woburn, 12 Allen, Mass., 127.
625.
School Commissioners v. State Board, 26 Md., 505.
626.
Donahue v. Richards, 38 Me., 379; 56 Cen. L. J., 81.
627.
Scofield v. State, 27 Conn., 499.
628.
School v. Arnold, 21 Wis., 657.
629.
Sherman v. Charleston, 8 Cushing, Mass., 160; State v. Board, 116 N. W., 232; 67 Cen. L. J., 241.
630.
Guernsey v. Pitkin, 32 Vt., 224.
631.
Wood v. Morrow, 35 Wis., 59.
632.
Anderson v. State, 3 Head, Tenn., 455.
633.
Lander v. Seaver, 32 Vt., 114.
634.
Stevens v. Fassett, 27 Me., 266.
635.
Draper v. Cambridge, 20 Ind., 268.
636.
Lane v. Baker, 12 Ohio St., 237; State v. City, 19 Ohio, 178; Van Camp v. Board, 9 Ohio St., 406.
637.
Ex parte Plessy, 45 La. Ann., 80; 11 So., 948; 16 Sup. Ct. R., 1138; 163 U. S., 537; 41 L. Ed., 256; 18 L. R. A., 639.
638.
State v. School Directors, 10 Ohio St., 448.
639.
Jackson v. Hampden, 16 Me., 184.
640.
Markwell v. Pereles, 95 Wis., 406 and 424; 69 N. W., 798 and 984.
641.
Perry v. State, 113 Ga., 936; 39 S. E., 315.
642.
Aycock v. Harrington, 84 Miss., 204; 36 So., 245; 65 L. R. A., 689.
643.
Wright v. Bennett, 7 Ill., 587.
644.
Graham v. Bennett, 2 Cal., 503.
645.
State v. Harris, 63 N. C., 1.
646.
Rex. v. Canon, 7 Car. and P., 438.
647.
Rex. v. Griffen, 6 Cox. C. C., 402.
648.
F. v. F., 1 Ch. (1902), 688.
649.
In re Jacques, 82 N. Y. Sup., 986.
650.
In re Marshall, 33 N. Y. S., 104.
651.
Kennedy v. Borah, 226 Ill., 243; 80 N. E., 767.
652.
Prieto v. Alphonso, 52 La. Ann., 631; 27 So., 153.
653.
Clarkson v. Hatton, 143 Mo., 47; 44 S. W., 761; 65 Am. St. R., 635; Matter of Johnson, 98 Cal., 531; 33 Pac., 260; 21 L. R. A., 380; Schlitz v. Roenitz, 86 Wis., 31; 56 N. W., 194; 39 Am. St. R., 873; 21 L. R. A., 482; Markwell v. Pereles, 95 Wis., 406; 69 N. W., 798; 67 Cen. L. J., 197.
654.
Elliott v. Elliott, 77 Wis., 634; 46 N. W., 806; 57 L. R. A., 155; 10 L. R. A., 568.
655.
Cole v. State, 75 S. W., 527; 45 Tex.; Cr. App., 225; 57 Cen. L. J., 341.
656.
Mutter v. Senibbs, 79 N. E., 762, Mass.
657.
Commonwealth v. McAfee, 108 Mass., 458.
658.
Tuttle v. Sutts, 96 Pac., 260.
659.
Gleason v. Gleason, 4 Wis., 64; 14 Cyc, 846.
660.
32 St. At. L., 636 and 645.
661.
Chap. 1402, U. S. Laws of 1904.
662.
Quick-Bear v. Leupp, 28 Sup. Ct. Rep., 690 (1908).
663.
Sec. 2045, U. S. Statutes.
664.
Secs. 2071 and 2072, U. S. Statutes, and Chap. 188, Laws of 1895.
665.
26 St. At. L., 1014.
666.
Quick-Bear v. Leupp, 28 Sup. Ct. Repr., 690; 27 St. L., 628 and 635.
667.
In re Lehah-puc-ka-chee, 98 Fed., 429.
668.
Chap. 503, Laws of 1888.
669.
Chap. 3, Laws of 1897.
670.
61 Cen. L. J., 101, 289; 62 Cen. L. J., 215, 219.
671.
McCann v. County, 6 Mont., 297.
672.
Hubbard v. Railway, 104 Wis., 160; 80 N. W., 454.
673.
Hochheimer on Custody of Infants, sec. 54; People v. Turner, 55 Ill., 280; People v. Park, 41 N. Y., 21, 33.
674.
Kleizer v. Symes, 40 Ind., 562; Etchison v, Pergeson, 88 Ga., 620; 15 S. E., 680; Lucas v. Case, 72 (9 Bush) Ky., 297; York v. Pease, 68 Mass., 288; Piper v. Woolman, 43 Neb., 280; 61 N. W., 588; O'Donahue v. McGovern, 23 Wendell, N. Y., 26; Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292.
675.
Combes v. Rose, 8 Blackf., 155; Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292; Etchison v. Pergeson, 88 Ga., 620; 15 S. E., 680.
676.
Gardener v. Anderson, Fed. Case, 5220; Rector v. Smith, 11 Ia., 302.
677.
See “Excommunication,” ante. Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292; 11 L. R. A., 592.
678.
Shelton v. Nause, 46 Ky., 128.
679.
Fawcett v. Charles, 13 Wendell, 473.
680.
54 Cen. L. J., 313.
681.
Hellstern v. Katzer, 103 Wis., 391; 79 N. W., 429.
682.
Hills v. State, 61 Neb., 589; 85 N. W., 836.
683.
Konkle v. Haven, 140 Mich., 472; 103 N. W., 850.
684.
Klos v. Zahorik, 113 Ia., 161; 84 N. W., 1046.
685.
Libel and Slander, Townsend, secs. 233, 234; 25 Cyc, 390, 398, 411.
686.
Grace v. Dempsey, 75 Wis., 313; 43 N. W., 1127; Grace v. McArthur, 76 Wis., 641; 45 N. W., 518.
687.
25 Cyc, 390, 398.
688.
62 Cen. L. J., 180.
689.
Libel and Slander, Townsend, p. 182 (notes).
690.
Libel and Slander, Townsend, sec. 177; 25 Cyc, 398; Edwards v. Bell, 8 Moore, 467.
691.
Remington v. Congdon, 2 Pickering, 315; Bradley v. Heath, 12 Pickering, 163.
692.
McConckle v. Binns, 5 Binns, Pa., 340.
693.
MacBride v. Allis, 9 Rich., S. C., 313.
694.
State v. Riggs, 22 Vt., 322.
695.
Commonwealth v. Batchelder, Thach., Mass., Cr. Cas., 191.
696.
Shoe & L. v. Thompson, 18 Abbot's Pr., N. Y., 413.
697.
Sans v. Joerris, 14 Wis., 663.
698.
5 Cyc, 715; “Disorderly Conduct,” 14 Cyc, 467.
699.
14 Cyc, 540.
700.
Williams v. State, 83 Ala., 78; 3 So., 616.
701.
Hull v. State, 120 Ind., 153; 22 N. E., 117.
702.
Hunt v. State, 3 Tex., 116.
703.
State v. Kirby, 108 N. C., 772; 12 S. E., 1045.
704.
Commonwealth v. Sigman, 2 Clark, Pa., 36.
705.
State v. Wright, 41 Ark., 410; Tanner v. State, 126 Ga., 77; 54 S. E., 914.
706.
State v. Shepherd, 54 S. C., 178; 32 S. E., 146; 14 Cyc, 467, 540.
707.
Martin v. State, 65 Tenn., 234.
708.
State v. Leighton, 35 Me., 195.
709.
Marvin v. State, 19 Ind., 181.
710.
Brown v. State, 46 Ala., 175.
711.
State v. Turkhaw, 69 N. C., 215.
712.
Richardson v. State, 5 Tex. App., 470.
713.
U. S. v. Brooks, 4 Cranch, C. C., 427.
714.
People v. Crowley, 23 Hun., 412; McLane v. Mallock, 7 Ind., 525.
715.
Kinney v. State, 38 Ala., 224; State v. Lusk, 68 Ind., 264; State v. Edwards, 32 Mo., 548; Tanner v. State, 126 Ga., 77; 54 S. E., 914.
716.
MacLean v. Mallock, 7 Ind., 525.
717.
Wall v. Lee, 34 N. Y., 141.
718.
Meyer v. Baker, 120 Ill., 567; 12 N. E., 79; Commonwealth v. Bearse, 132 Mass., 542; 42 Am. R., 450; West v. State, 28 Tenn., 66; Cramer v. Marks, 64 Pa. St., 151.
719.
5 Cyc, 713; Commonwealth v. Linn, 158 Pa., 22; 27 At., 843; 22 L. R. A., 353.
720.
Gaines v. State, 75 Tenn., 410; Holcombe v. Cornish, 8 Conn., 375; Bodenheimer v. State, 60 Ark., 10; 28 S. W., 507.
721.
State v. Chandler, 2 Har., Del., 553.
722.
Commonwealth v. Kneeland, 37 Mass. (20 Pick), 206.
723.
People v. Ruggles, 8 Johnson, 225.
724.
State v. Chandler, 2 Harr., Del., 553.
725.
State v. Pepper, 68 N. C., 259.
726.
Odell v. Garnett, 4 Blackf., Ind., 549.
727.
People v. Porter, 2 Park, N. Y. Cr., 14.
728.
State v. Chandler, 2 Harr., Del., 553; Commonwealth v. Kneeland, Thach., Mass. Cr. Cas., 346.
729.
Miller v. State, 76 Ind., 310.
730.
Petty v. State, 58 Ark., 1; 22 S. W., 654.
731.
Splane v. Commonwealth, 12 At., Pa., 431.
732.
Commonwealth v. Keiten, 1 Monag., 368.
733.
Cain v. Daly, 74 S. C, 480; 55 S. E., 110.
734.
Ex parte Jentisch, 112 Cal., 468; 44 Pac., 803.
735.
State v. Lorey, 66 Tenn., 95.
736.
State v. Krech, 10 Wash., 166; 38 Pac., 1001.
737.
People v. Havenor, 149 N. Y., 195; 43 N. E., 541; 3 L. R. A., 689; State v. Dolan, 13 Idaho, 693; 92 Pac., 995; 14 L. R. A., N. S., 1259.
738.
Flag v. Inhabitants, 58 Mass., 243; Doyle v. Lynn, 118 Mass., 195.
739.
Hayden v. Mitchell, 103 Ga., 431; 30 S. E., 287.
740.
Roth v. Hacks, 68 Mo. App., 283.
741.
Hofer v. Cowan, 55 Cen. L. J., 290.
742.
Byrant v. Watson, 127 Ind., 42; 26 N. E., 687; Allen v. Duffy, 43 Mich., 1; 4 N. W., 427; 11 L. R. A., 63; Dale v. Knapp, 98 Pa., 389.
743.
Society v. Commonwealth, 52 Pa., 125; Parker v. State, 84 Tenn., 476.
744.
McCabe v. Father Matthews, 24 Hun., 149; People v. Young, 67 Barb., 357.
745.
Philadelphia v. Lehman, 56 Md., 209; Kroer v. People, 78 Ill., 294.
746.
Fox v. Abel, 2 Conn., 541.
747.
Bryant v. Inhabitants, 30 Me., 193; Tracy v. Jenks, 32 Mass., 465.
748.
Carpenter v. Crane, 1 Root, Conn., 98.
749.
Judefinde v. State, 78 Md., 510; 28 At., 405; 22 L. R. A., 721, note.
750.
55 Cen. L. J., 44; 56 Cen. L. J., 261; State v. Cheneworth, 163 Ind., 94; 71 N. E., 197; 59 Cen. L. J., 202.
751.
Speed v. Tomlinson, 73 N. H., 46; 59 At., 376; 68 L. R. A., 432.
752.
State v. Rodgers, 128 N. C., 576; 38 S. E., 34.
753.
U. S. v. Moore, 104 Fed., 78.
754.
Constant v. Rector, 4 Daly, 1.
755.
Frederickson v. W. R. Cem. Ass., 133 Wis., 502; 113 N. W., 1023.
756.
14 Op. Atty-Gen., 27; secs. 4780-4782, U. S. Statutes; 16 Op. Atty-Gen., 13.
757.
20 St. at L., 281.
758.
Sohier v. Trinity Ch., 109 Mass., 1; City v. Town, 82 Wis., 374; 52 N. W., 425.
759.
Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
760.
Porch v. St. Bridget's, 81 Wis., 599; 51 N. W., 1007.
761.
In re Highland, 4 Pa. Dist. Rep., 653.
762.
Commonwealth v. Fisher, 7 Phil., 264; Bourland v. Springdale, 158 Ill., 458; 42 N. E., 86.
763.
City v. Watson, 56 N. J. L., 667; 24 L. R. A., 843; 49 Cen. L. J., 307.
764.
Coates v. City, 7 Cowan, N. Y., 585; Humphrey v. Frost, 109 N. C., 132; 13 S. E., 793; City v. Austin, 87 Tex., 330; 28 S. W., 528; 47 Am. St. R., 114.
765.
Stockton v. City, 42 N. J. Eq., 531; 9 At., 203; First v. Meyers, 5 Okla., 819; 50 Pac., 70; 38 L. R. A., 329.
766.
Steams v. Manchester, 63 N. H., 390; Henry v. Trustees, 48 Ohio, 671; 30 N. E., 1122.
767.
Upjohn v. Board, 46 Mich., 542; 9 N. W., 845.
768.
Edwards v. Stonington, 20 Conn., 466.
769.
Oakland v. People, 93 Tex., 569; 57 S. W., 27; 55 L. R. A., 503.
770.
Louisville v. Nevin, 73 Ky., 549; First v. Hazel, 63 Neb., 844; 89 N. W., 378.
771.
Page v. Simons, 63 N. H., 17.
772.
Wygant v. McLaughlin, 39 Or., 429; 64 Pac., 867; 54 L. R. A., 636; 53 Cen. L. J., 48.
773.
Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599; Close v. Glenwood, 107 U. S., 466; 2 Sup. Ct. R., 267; 27 L. Ed., 408; Matter of Bd. of Street Opening, 133 N. Y., 329; 31 N. E., 102; 28 Am. St. R., 640; 16 L. R. A., 180.
774.
In re Waldron, 26 R. I., 84; 58 At., 453; 67 L. R. A., 118; Wright v. Hollywood, 112 Ga., 884; 38 S. E., 94; 52 L. R. A., 621.
775.
Perkins v. Mass., 138 Mass., 361.
776.
Wright v. Hollywood, 112 Ga., 884; 38 S. E., 94.
777.
People v. Trustees, 21 Hun., 184; McGuire v. St. Pat. C. C., 3 N. Y. Sup., 781; Baltimore v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
778.
Palmer v. Cypress, 122 N. Y., 429; 25 N. E., 983.
779.
Conger v. Weyant, 55 Hun., 605.
780.
Baltimore v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
781.
Went v. Methodist, 80 Hun., 266; Adams v. First, 148 Mich., 140; 111 N. W., 757; 11 L. R. A., N. S., 509.
782.
Lakin v. Ames, 64 Mass., 198.
783.
Donnelly v. Boston, 146 Mass., 163; 15 N. E., 505.
784.
Rawson v. School, 89 Mass., 299.
785.
St. Johns v. Haans, 31 Pa. St., 9.
786.
Dangerfield v. Williams, 26 App., S. C., 508.
787.
Silverwood v. Latrobe, 68 Md., 620; 13 At., 161.
788.
Bessimer v. Jenkins, 111 Ala., 135; 18 So., 565; 66 Am. St. R., 26.
789.
Davidson v. Reed, 111 Ill., 167; 53 Am. R., 613; Boyce v. Kalbough, 47 Md., 334.
790.
Burke v. Wall, 29 La. Ann., 38; Seymour v. Page, 33 Conn., 61; Perkins v. Mass., 138 Mass., 361.
791.
Hyde Park v. Oakwoods, 119 Ill., 141; 7 N. E., 627; Matter of Bd. of Street Opening, 133 N.Y., 329; 31 N. E., 102; 28 Am. St. E., 640 L. R. A., 180.
792.
Eastern v. City of Louisville, 13 Ky. L. Rep., 279; 15 S. W., 1117.
793.
Burke v. Wall, 29 La. Ann., 38; Appeal of Gumbert, 110 Pa. St., 496; 1 At, 437.
794.
In re Reformed, 7 Howard's Pr., 476; Scoville v. MacMahon, 62 Conn., 378; 26 At., 479.
795.
Antrim v. Malsbury, 43 N.J. Eq., 288; 13 At., 180.
796.
Hertle v. Riddell, Ky., 106 S. W., 282; 15 L. R. A., N. S., 796.
797.
Lewis v. Walker, 165 Pa. St., 30; 30 At., 500.
798.
State v. Wilson, 94 N. C., 1015.
799.
Farelly v. Metairie, 42 La. Ann., 28; 10 So., 386; Commonwealth v. Maria, 2 Weekly Notes Cases, 244.
800.
Hullman v. Honcomp, 5 Ohio St., 237.
801.
MacGuire v. St. Patrick's, 54 Hun., 207.
802.
Dwenger v. Geary, 113 Ind., 106; 14 N. E., 903; Nance v. Busby, 91 Tenn., 303; 15 L. R. A., 801.
803.
Mt. Maria v. Commonwealth, 81 Pa. St., 235; 22 Am. Rep., 743; Cemetery Co. v. Walker, 29 Ky. L. R., 1252; 97 S. W., 34; 7 L. R. A., N. S., 155.
804.
Larson v. Chase, 47 Minn., 307; 50 N. W., 238; 14 L. R. A., 85; 28 Am. St. R., 370; Pettigrew v. P., 207 Pa., 313; 56 At., 878; 64 L. R. A., 179.
805.
McEntee v. Bonacum, 66 Neb., 651; 92 N. W., 633; 66 L. R. A., 440.
806.
Hook v. Joyce, 94 Ky., 450; 22 S. W., 651; 21 L. R. A., 96.
807.
Columbus v. C., 82 Wis., 334; 52 N. W., 425; 16 L. R. A., 695; Mt. Hope v. Boston, 158 Mass., 509; 33 N. E., 695; 35 Am. St. R., 515; Kincaid's Appeal, 66 Pa. St., 411; 5 Am. R., 377; Bessimer v. Jenkins, 111 Ala., 135; 56 Am. St. R., 26; 18 So., 565.
808.
Wilson v. Reed, 68 At., 37, N. H.; Wormley v. Wormley, 207 Ill., 411; 60 N. E., 865; 3 L. R. A., N. S., 481.
809.
Thirkfield v. Mountain, 12 Utah, 76; 41 Pac., 564; Wright v. Hollywood, 112 Ga., 884; 38 S. E., 94; 52 L. R. A., 621.
810.
Toppin v. Moriarty, 59 N. J. Eq., 115; 44 At., 469; 50 Cen. L. J., 21.
811.
Cohen v. Cong., 99 N. Y. S., 732.
812.
Feeley v. Andrews, 191 Mass., 313; 77 N. E., 766; State v. McLean, 121 N. C., 589; 28 S. E., 140; 42 L. R. A., 721.
813.
McEntee v. Bonacum, 66 Neb., 651; 92 N. W., 633; 66 L. R. A., 440.
814.
Mutual, etc., v. Griesa, 156 F., 398.
815.
Hayes v. State, 112 Wis., 304; 87 N. W., 1076.
816.
14 L. R. A., 85; Young v. College of Physicians, 81 Md., 358; 32 At., 177; 31 L. R. A., 540; Meyers v. Clarke, 28 Ky. L., 1000; 90 S. W., 1049; 5 L. R. A., N. S., 727.
817.
Lindh v. Ry., 99 Minn., 408; 109 N. W., 823; 7 L. R. A., N. S., 1018.
818.
Long v. Ry., 15 Oklahoma, 512; 86 Pac., 289; 6 L. R. A., N. S., 883; Griffith v. Charlotte, 23 S. C., 25; 55 Am. Rep., 1.
819.
Koerber v. Patek, 123 Wis., 453; 102 N. W., 40; Thompson v. State, 105 Tenn., 177; 58 S. W., 213; 80 Am. St. R., 875; 51 L. R. A., 883.
820.
Williams v. Williams, 20 Ch. Div., 659.
821.
Reg. v. Fox, 2 Q. B., 246.
822.
52 Cen. L. J., 141.
823.
O'Donnell v. Slack, 123 Cal., 285; 55 Pacific, 906; 43 L. R. A., 388; Neighbors v. Neighbors, 23 Ky. L., 1433; 65 S. W., 607; Larson v. Chase, 47 Minn., 307; 50 N. W., 238; 14 L. R. A., 85.
824.
Enos v. Snyder, 131 Cal., 68; 63 Pac., 170; 82 Am. St. R., 330; 53 L. R. A., 21.
825.
Thompson v. Deeds, 93 Ia., 228; 61 N. W., 842.
826.
Durrell v. Haywood, 75 Mass., 248.
827.
Boham v. Loeb, 107 Ala., 604; 18 So., 300; Hamilton v. State, 30 Ind., 482; Partridge v. First, 39 Md., 631; Fletcher v. Evans, 140 Mass., 24; 2 N. E., 837.
828.
Commonwealth v. Viall, 84 Mass., 512.
829.
Donnelly v. Boston, 146 Mass., 163; 15 N. E., 505.
830.
Houston v. Drew, 13 Tex. Cir. App., 536; 36 S. W., 802.
831.
Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.
832.
Canadian v. Palmenter, 180 Mass., 415; 62 N. E., 740.
833.
Barabasz v. Kabat, 86 Md., 23; 37 At., 720.
834.
In re Hawkins, 165 N. Y., 188; 58 N. E., 884.
835.
Chapin v. Holyoke, 165 Mass., 280; 42 N. E., 1130; Am. & Eng. Cyc. of L., “Taxation.”
836.
In re Barry, 164 N. Y., 18; 58 N. E., 12.
837.
American Law of Electors, McCrary, sec. 41.
838.
Lansing v. Haynes, 95 Mich., 16; 54 N. W., 699; Baacke v. Baacke, 50 Neb., 18; 69 N., 303; Jones, Jr., estate, 211 Pa., 364; 60 At., 915; 69 L. R. A., 940; White v. B. of A. Y., 124 Ia., 293; 99 N. W., 1071; 66 L. R. A., 164.
839.
Rogers v. Elliott, 146 Mass., 349; 15 N. E., 768; Davis v. Sawyer, 133 Mass., 289; 43 Am. R., 519; Harrison v. St. Mark's, 12 Phil., 259; Soltau v. DeHeld, 9 Eng. L. & E., 104; Leete v. Pilgrim Cong. Ch., 14 Mo. App., 590.
840.
Osborne v. Osborne, New York, Sept. 12, 1908; Landry v. Bellanger, 45 So., 956; 15 L. R. A., N. S., 463; Lawson v. Lawson, 30 Tex. Civ. App., 43; 69 S. W., 246; Schmitt v. Schneider, 109 Ga., 628; 35 S. E., 145.
841.
14 Cyc, 466.
842.
Minagham v. State, 77 Wis., 643; 46 N. W., 894; Gilmore v. Fuller, 198 Ill., 130; 65 N. E., 84.
843.
Am. & Eng. Ency. of L., “Stara decisis,” “Res judicata”; 67 Central L. Journal, 255; Pautz v. Plankinton, 126 Wis., 37; 105 N. W., 482; Whittaker v. Mich. M. L. Ins. Co., 83 N. E., 899.
844.
Bonacum v. Murphy, 71 Neb., 463; 104 N. W., 180.
845.
U. S. Bankruptcy Act, sec. 1, sub-sec. 25.
846.
20 Cyc, 457.
847.
20 Cyc, 1243; Insolvent Corporations, Wait, sec. 637.
848.
20 Cyc, 469.