INDEX

Ability (nêng), 253 Academia Sinica (Kuo-li Chung-yang Yen-chiu Yüan), 56 Act Governing the Elections of Representatives to the National Congress, 302 Acting Commission for the National Emancipation of China (Min-ts'u Chieh-fang Hsing-chêng Wei-yüan-hui), 178 Administration of Personnel (Ch'uan-hsü T'ing), 62 Administrative agencies, chart, 80 Administrative Area of North Shensi (Shan-pei Hsing-chêng-ch'ü), 112 Administrative Court (Hsing-chêng Fa-yüan), 67 Administrative: development, 96 law, 65 organs, 69 pattern, 79 Administrative Vice-Minister (Ch'ang-wu Tz'ŭ-chang), 96 Adult education, 30 Agitation, 61 Agrarian problems, 104 Agriculture, 91 Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of (Nung Lin Pu), 91 Air communications, 90 Alexander the Great, 239 Alley, Rewi, 224 Amendments to the Constitution (proposed constitutional provisions), 300 American Friends of the Chinese People, 234 American Lease-lend Bill, 217, 274 American loans, 19 Ao-yü-wan, 161 Appointment and discharge of officials, 59 Armistice, intra-national, 10 Army participation in rural reform, 221 Atatürk, Kemal, 272 Audit, Ministry of, 96, 320 Autonomous East Hopei Anti-Communist Government, 185 Bank of China, 87 Bank of Communications, 87 Basic patterns of modern Chinese politics, 8 Bibliographical notes, 20, 21, 160, 190, 221, 223, 242, 256 "Blue Shirts," 144 Border Region, 16, 35, 116 chart of government, 118 Boxers (I Ho Ch'üan), 213, 237 Buddhism, 258 Budget, 59, 75 Bureaucracy: traditional ideal, 44 at Chungking, 68 Burma, 189 Burma road, 93, 95, 279 Bukharin, 164 Bus services, 93 Cabinet, 56 Canton, 18 Cantonese clique, 145 Capacity (nêng), 43 Capitalism, 30 Caribbean, 188 Carlson, Major Evans Fordyce, 116, 167 "C.C." clique, 142 Censor Yüan (see Control Yüan) Censoral power, 27 Censorship of news, 138 Censure, motion of, 314 Central America, 188 Central Bank of China, 87 Central China clique (Hua-chung P'ai), 76 Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, 72 Central government (proposed constitutional provisions), 287 Central Secretariat of the Kuomintang (Chung-yang Mi-shu-ch'u), 137 Central News Agency, 137 Central Political Council (Chung-yang Chêng-chih Wei-yüan-hui), 16, 46 Central Political Institute (Chung-yang Chêng-chih Hsüeh-hsiao), 134 Central Publicity Board (see Party-Ministry of Publicity) Chamberlain, Neville, 15 Chang, Carson (Chang Chia-shêng), 179 Chang Ching-chiang, 261 Chang Hsüeh-liang, 9, 200 Chang Kuo-tao, 163, 167, 168 Chang Peh Chuen (Chang Pai-chün), 178 Charts (see also type of government) Control Yüan, 318 Hsien classifications, 388 Kuomintang organization, 331 national governmental structure, 330 provincial and urban government, 98 Chên (see Community) Chen Ch'i-mei, 260 Chen Chi-tang, 91 Chen, Eugene, 178 Ch'ên brothers, 134 Ch'ên Ch'êng, 340 Ch'ên I, 102 Ch'ên Kung-po, 198 Ch'ên Kuo-fu, 84, 134, 142 Ch'ên Kuo-hsin, essay on Mao Tsê-tung, 403 Ch'ên Li-fu, 84, 142 Ch'ên Lo, 204 Ch'ên Shao-yu (Wang Ming), 163 Ch'ên Tu-hsiu, 163 Ch'ê-yeh Chiao-yü P'ai (see Vocational Educationists' Clique) Chia, 107, 324, 395 Chiang Chieh-shih (see Chiang K'ai-shek) Chiang Ching-kuo, 262 Chiang K'ai-shek: biography, 254 in Canton, 260 character, 255 childhood, 257 Chinese appraisals, 266 and Christianity, 257 on constitutionalism, 32 Definition of the Problems of Various Classifications of Hsien, 388 ethical theory, 150 governmental role, 48 historical role, 255 ideals, 257 kidnapped at Sian, 10 in the Kuomintang, 128 life, 256 marriage, 261 military rise, 263 military writings, 260 nature of his power, 268 and the New Life Movement, 149 political theory, 265, 269 present personality, 265 and President Lin, 53 relations with Wang Ch'ing-wei, 201 rise in the Kuomintang, 263 and Roosevelt, 278 secret police, 268 in Shanghai, 261 and the Shanghai Communists, 263 statement to the author, 371 Soviet training, 262 and Sun Yat-sen, 245 training in Japan, 259 What I Mean by Action (Li-hsing Chê-hsiao), 373 writings, 268 Chiao-shou P'ai (see Professors' Clique) Chicherin, 164 Chief (Tsung-ts'ai), 239 Chien-ch'a power, 27 Chien Kuo Ta Kang, 6 Ch'ih, 150 China Branch of the International Peace Campaign, 234 China Defense League, 119 China Forum, The, 235 China Herald, The, 234 "China's Long-range Diplomatic Orientation," 418 China National Aviation Corporation, 93 Chinese Central Asia (see Sinkiang) Chinese Communist Party (see Communist Party) Chinese ideals, 2 Chinese Industrial Cooperatives (see C.I.C.) Chinese Mass Education Movement, 218 Chinese National Socialist Party (Kuo-chia Shê-hui Tang), 179 Chinese Red Army, 13, 161 Chinese Republic, 2 Chinese Revolutionary Party (Chung-kuo K'ê-ming Tang), 178 Chinese Soviet Republic (Chung-hua Su-wei-ai Kung-ho-kuo), 13, 112, 161 Chinese Turkestan (see also Sinkiang), 85 Chi, C.C., 139 Chin P'u-yi, 184, 256 Ch'in state and dynasty, 2, 107 Ch'in Po-k'u, 168 Chou En-lai, 64, 168 Chou Fu-hai, 198 Christian activities, 235 Chu Djang, 153 Chu-Mao, 166 Chung Fu Joint Mining Administration, 90 Chungking, 1, 15, 18, 56 Chung Shan (see also Sun Yat-sen), 249 Chu Tê, 166, 261 Ch'ü, 107, 327, 391 Ch'üan (power), 253 Ch'üan-min K'ang-chan Shê (United Front Club), cited, 37 Ch'u Chia-hua, 136 C.I.C. (Chinese Industrial Cooperatives; Chung-kuo Kung-yeh Ho-tso Hsieh-hui): appraisal, 233 distribution of profits, 230 establishment, 224 formation of cooperatives, 226 the Model Constitution, 232 regions, 226 relation to government, 223 social welfare work, 231 the three zones, 224 Citizenship (proposed constitutional provisions), 284 City Council (Shih-chêng Hui-i), 104 Civil governor of a province (Shêng-chang), 99 Civil service reform, 66 Civil Service Training Corps, 134 Clark-Kerr, Sir Archibald, 224 Class politics in China, 146 Class war, 13 Coal and iron, 228 Coal mining, 90 Collection of revenue, 86 College students, 9 Commission for the Disciplinary Punishment of Public Officers (Kung-wu-yüan Ch'êng-chieh Wei-yüan-hui), 67 Commission on Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs (Mêng Tsang Wei-yüan-hui), 8 Commission on Overseas Chinese Affairs (Ch'iao-wu Wei-yüan-hui), 84 Committee Chairman (Wei-yüan-chang; see name of Committee) Communications, Ministry of (Chiao-t'ung Pu), 92 Communications Southward, 95 Communications system, foreign personnel in, 95 Communism, 30, 270 Communist communes, 213 Communist Party (Kung-ch'an Tang), 13, 159, 263, 275 and American aid to China, 172 appraisal of, 173 Branch Party Organs, 363 Central Party Committee, 368 chart of structure, 162 and Chiang K'ai-shek, 175 Constitution, 359 Council of Party Delegates, 162, 364 foundation, 160 Hsien Organs, 364 international policy, 403 leaders, 166 and Moscow, 163 motives, 164 National Party Congress, 367 National Party Convention, 367 organization, 361 and peasants, 165, 213 in perpetual revolution, 213 policy toward the Kuomintang, 174 potential treason, 172 Provincial Party Organs, 366 purges and schisms, 169 Sun Yat-sen's alliance, 245 Supreme Party Organs, 362 views on Chiang K'ai-shek, 267 Communist Youth Corps (Kung-ch'an Ch'ing-nien T'uan), 132, 370 Communist zone (see Frontier Area) Communists: compared with Kuomintang, 146 and the five-power system, 45 and the guerrillas, 162 in the People's Political Council, 76 policy of collaboration, 121 and the proposed Constitution, 37 rivalry with Kuomintang, 159 "Community" (hsiang), 107 Community life in China, 4 Complexity of government structure, 61 Concordia Society (Hsieh-ho-hui), 194 Conflict: the term, 11 Confucianism, 2, 3, 45, 189, 250 Confucius, 239 Constitution, Chiang's comment on, 32 Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic, 31 Constitution of the San Min Chu I Youth Corps, 331 Constitutional change, issues of, 31 Constitutionalism, 6, 177, 213, 371 Constitutions (see also Draft Constitution), 21 Constitutions, ineffectual, 39 Consultative organs, 39 Control (chien-ch'a) power, 27 Control Yüan (Chien-ch'a Yüan): appraisal, 66 chart of functions, 318 diagram of organization, 319 proposed constitutional provisions, 292 reorganization under the proposed Constitution, 29 war work, 313, 318 Cooperatives (see also C.I.C.), 89, 393 Corruption, 38, 120 Cotton, 228 Council of State (Kuo-min Chêng-fu Wei-yüan-hui): administrative and constitutional status, 52 agencies directly attached, 54 functions, 47 proposed constitutional role, 28 County (see hsien) Courts of justice (proposed constitutional position), 292 Credit, national, 86 Currency, Japanese, 186 Currency rivalry, 87 Currents of documents in Chinese government, 55 Customs, 88 Declarations of war and peace, 59 Definition of the Problems Concerning the Organization of the Various Classifications of Hsien, 388 Delegates to the constituent People's Congress, 38 Democracy (min chu; Sun Yat-sen's term, min ch'üan), 270 Democracy in free China, 371 Democracy, inauguration of, 38 Democracy, prospects, 273 Democracy (min ch'üan), the theory of, 253 Democratic Centralism, 162 Democratic tendencies in the armies, 372 Democratic toleration, limits of, 40 Department of Military Operations (Chün-ling-pu), 62 Department of Military Training (Chün-hsün-pu), 62 Deputy Secretary-General (Fu Mi-shu-chang) of the People's Political Council, 73 Deputy Speaker (Fu I-chang) of the People's Political Council, 72 Dialectical materialism (see Communism, Communists) Diplomacy, 310 Diplomatic Orientation, China's Long-range, 418 Direct taxes, 87 Director of Political Affairs, 57 Directorate-General of Courts-Martial (Chün-fa Chih-hsing Tsung-chien-pu), 62 Discussion of Mao Tsê-tung's Comments on the Present State of International Relations (Ch'ên Kuo-hsin), 403 District (see hsien for government; ch'ü for parties) Double Five Constitution (see Draft Permanent Constitution) Draft Permanent Constitution (Hsien-fa Ts'ao-an), 25, 283 Duties and General Activities of the San Min Chu I Youth Corps, 340 East Hopei Autonomous Anti-Communist Government, 192 Eastern Inner Mongolia, 85 Economic affairs: advance in the West, 89 industrial development, 90 in Program of Resistance and Reconstruction, 311 policy and administration, 85 proposed constitutional provisions, 296 war finance, 87 Economic Affairs, Ministry of (Ching-chi Pu), 88 Economic cycle in China, 106 Economic groups in politics, 236 Economic theory in the San Min Chu I Youth Corps, 351 Economics of old China, 3 Education, 30, 61, 83, 214, 312, 393 Education, Ministry of (Chiao-yü Pu), 83 Education: proposed constitutional provisions, 298 Eighteenth Army Corps, 168 Eighth Route Army, 13, 168 Election Committee for Representatives to the People's [Constituent] Congress, 38 Elections, Communist, 163 Elections of representatives to the National [People's] Congress, 302 Emergency Session of the Kuomintang Party Congress, 16 Empire, Chinese, 2 Erh Ch'ên group, 142 Espionage, 61 Establishment, period of, 5 Eurasia airlines, 93 Examination Yüan, 56, 66, 68, 134 proposed constitutional provisions, 292 Examinations Commission (K'ao-hsüan Wei-yüan-hui), 68 Exclusive inspection, 316 Executive Yüan (Hsing-chêng Yüan): executive responsibility, 57 functions, 59 Meeting, 58 proposed constitutional provisions, 29, 288 structure, 58 Fa chih (government of laws), 33 Farmers, 218 Farmers' Bank of China, 87 Fêng Yü-hsiang, 104 Fenghua, Chekiang, 262 Farouk, 255 Fascism, 270 Finance, Ministry of (Ts'ai-chêng Pu), 86 Five-fold separation of powers, 27, 206, 264 Five-power constitution (wu-ch'üan hsien-fa), 42, 68 Five rights, 43 Five yüan, 253 Foo Shing Corporation, 88 Foochow insurrection, 179 Ford, Henry, 233 Foreign Affairs, Ministry of (Waichiaopu), 81 Foreign financial aid, 87 Foreign policy, 403, 418 Foreign trade, 88 Formosans, 187 Four Cliques (Ssŭ P'ai), 76 Four Parties (Ssŭ Tang), 76 Four powers, 43 France, 181 Frederick the Great, 255 Free China, extent of, 98 Free China, prosperity, 89, 222 Freedoms under the proposed constitution: assembly and forming associations, 285 domicile, 284 religious belief, 284 speech, writing, and publication, 284 French Indo-China, 19 Friends of the Wounded Society, 155 Frontier Area (for Chinese, see Administrative District of North Shensi), 13, 16, 111, 115, 162 Fu Hsiao-ên, 212 Fukien province, 102, 217 Function of auditing, 313 Fup'ing, 118 Future development of Chinese politics, 274 Gaimusho, 82 Galens, General (Vassili Blücher), 142 Gasoline, 91, 95 Gautama Buddha, 239 General inspection, 316 General Staff, 62 General strikes, 39 Generalissimo (Tsung-ssŭ-ling), 61 Genghis Khan, 239 Gentry in politics, 106 George, Henry, 30, 254 Germany, 273, 274 Glossary, 423-433 Gold-washing, 228 Government-owned corporations, 90 Government, nature of, 211 Government organization: chart, 330 Grants in aid to the provinces, 109 Grass cloth, 228 Great Revolution, 5, 60, 213 Green Gang, 261 Groups of households (chia), 107 Guerrillas: areas, 372 governments, 116 and the Military Affairs Commission, 62 and the National Salvationists, 177 schools, 84 strategy, 12 warfare, 310 zones under Chungking, 64 Guilds, 10 Han dynasty, 3 Han Fu-ch'u, 202 Hankow, 4, 15 Hanson, Haldore, 116 Hedin, Sven, 255 Highway system, 93 Hitler, Adolf, 239 Hong Kong, 4 Honolulu, Sun Yat-sen in, 243 Hopei-Chahar Political Council, 195 Hopei-Chahar-Shansi Border Region (Chin-ch'a-ch'i Pien-ch'ü Lin-shih Hsing-chêng Wei-yüan-hui), Provisional, Administrative Committee of, 116 Ho Ying-chin, 63 Hsiang (or chên; "community"), 107, 324, 391 Hsiang guild, 393 Hsiao-tsu ("small group") training program, 354 Hsien ("county" or district), 29, 107, 253, 311 area, 391 definition of problems by Chiang K'ai-shek, 388 experimental, 219 governments, 391 organizations of the Communists, 364 proposed constitutional provisions, 294 regulations (text), 324 Hsin Min Chu I, 194 Hsin Min Hui, 208 Huang, J. L., 149 Huang Hsing, 245, 259, 262 Huangpu (Whampoa) Academy and political group, 142, 262 Huapeikuo, 194 Hu Han-min, 8, 142, 202, 262 Hui-i (a legislative "council"; see level of government concerned) Hull, Cordell, 278 Hunan, 19 Hung Hsiu-ch'üan, 241 Hu Shih, 215 Hypo-colony, 190 I (ethics), 150 Ideological control, 251 I Ho Ch'üan (Boxers), 237 Impeachment, 313 Impeachment, proposed constitutional provisions, 293 "In accordance with law," 26 Incident, 11 Income taxes, 87 Indirect rule, 183 Indo-China, 183 Indusco (see C.I.C.) Industrial cooperatives (see C.I.C.) Inheritance, the Chinese political, 1 Inheritance taxes, 87 Inner Mongolia, Federated Autonomous Government of (Mêng-ku Lien-ho Tzŭ-chih Chêng-fu), 192 Inner Mongolia and Chungking, 85 Inspection systems, 108 Institute of National Culture, 179 Intellectual traditionalism, 251 Interior, Ministry of (Nei-chêng Pu), 82 Internal revenue, 88 International Development of China, The, 244 International relations (see diplomacy, foreign policy, etc.) Interpretation of statutes and ordinances: proposed constitutional provisions, 291 Invasion, period of, 5 Italy, 274 Japanese: aims in China, 184 army, 18, 276 army as a Chinese government, 185 attitudes to Chinese foreign policy, 82 Imperial Government in China, 183 prospects in China, 274 recognition of Wang Ch'ing-wei, 209 role of the army, 183 subsidiary Chinese governments (see Pro-Japanese Groups) training of Chiang K'ai-shek, 259 Japan's puppets or Japanophiles (see Pro-Japanese Groups) Joint inspection, 316 Judicial Yüan (Ssŭ-fa Yüan), 65, 291 Justice, Ministry of (Ssŭ-fa Hsing-chêng Pu), 67, 96 K'an Nai-kuang, 137, 140 Kang Tê, Emperor of Manchoukuo, the (see Chin P'u-yi) Kao Tsung-wu, 198 Kentwell, L. K., 205 Kialing river, 18 Kiang Kang-hu, 181 Kiangsi, 161 Korea, 189 Kung, H. H., 57, 86, 223 Kung, Mme. H. H. (Ai-ling Soong), 248 Kung so, 393 Kuo-chia Chu-i P'ai (La Jeunesse party), 181 Kuomintang: appraisal of, 146 army connections, 143 attitude toward Communists, 144 Bolshevik pattern of organization, 131 bureaucracy, 7 central administrative structure, 72, 131, 137 Central Control Committee (Chung-yang Chien-ch'a Wei-yüan-hui), 127, 131 Central Executive Committee (Chung-yang Chih-hsing Wei-yüan-hui), 57, 126, 127, 131 Central Political Institute (Chung-yang Chêng-chih Hsüeh-hsiao), 134 Central Publicity Board (see Publicity, Party-Ministry of) Central Training Committee (Hsün-lien Wei-yüan-hui), 133 chart of field organization, 139 chart of central organization, 131 chart of general structure, 331 and the Ch'ên brothers, 84 and the Communists, 159 Congress (Ch'üan-kuo Tai-piao Ta-hui), 57 constitutional status, 124 democratic outlook, 143 and economic classes, 135 Emergency Session of the Party Congress, 69, 128 hsiao-tsu ("small-group"), 140, 354 intra-Party politics, 142 membership, 141 monopoly of government, 41 organization, 125, 129, 331 "Orthodox" fraction, 200 Party cell, 140 Party Chief (Tsung-ts'ai), 126, 128 Party Congress (see Congress) Party Constitution, 125 Party democracy, 124 Party-Ministries, 136 Party purges, 141 in the People's Political Council, 76 policy toward Communist Party, 174 purposes, 125 "Reorganized" fraction, 200 rivalry with Communists in the Northwest, 135 "small-group" (see hsiao-tsu) Supreme National Defense Council (Kuo-fang Tsui-kao Wei-yüan-hui), 132 Training Corps (Hsün-lien T'uan), 133 Wang Ch'ing-wei, 197 Youth Corps (see San Min Chu I Youth Corps) Kwangsi province, 19, 102, 109, 217 Kwangtung province, 102 Labor: law, 39 proposed constitutional provisions, 297 La Jeunesse (Parti ... de la jeune Chine; Kuo-chia Chu-i P'ai), 76, 181 Land problem: proposed constitutional provisions, 296 reform, 106, 110, 218 Landlords, 4, 148, 221 Lao-pai-hsing (the common people), 236 Lattimore, Owen, 3 Law: the term, 299 Laws Governing the System of Organization of the National Government of the Republic of China (1925), 23 Laws Governing the System of Organization of the National Government (1931), 24 Leader (Tsung-li), 239 League of Nations Union, 234 Left Kuomintang, 264 Leftists and Leftism, 9, 101, 111, 248 Legal Adviser to the National Government (Kuo-min Chêng-fu Fa-lü Ku-wên), 54 Legal tender notes (fa pi), 87, 312 Legislative Yüan (Li-fa Yüan): function, 65 Members (Li-fa Wei-yüan), 66 proposed constitutional provisions, 29, 289 Li (ideological conformity), 150 Li chih (government by li), 33 Liang, Hubert, 224 Lien (integrity), 150 Li Hung-chang, 189 Li Li-san, 163 Linebarger, Paul M. W., 54, 105, 242, 246 Lin Pai-shêng, 198 Lin Shên (Lin Sen; Lim Sun), 53, 145 Li Shêng-wu, 206 Literacy, 214, 215 Liu, K. P., 224 Local finance, 402 Local government (see also hsien): appraisals, 109 chart, 107 Chiang K'ai-shek's comment, 397 general role, 98 under the Hsien Fa, 29 proposed constitutional reforms, 294 in the recent past, 104 reform of, 311 reform under the Kuomintang, 137 reform methods, 108 Long March of the Chinese Reds, 119, 161 Long-Range Diplomatic Orientation, China's, 418 Lung Yün, 101 Mahayana Buddhism, 259 Mail censorship, 95 Main Office of the Military Affairs Commission, 62 Malaysia, 183 Malraux, André, 161 Manchoukuo, 98, 183, 189, 256 Manchoukuo-Outer Mongol war, 19 Manchu Empire of China (Ch'ing dynasty), 5 Manchuria, 89 Manchus, 2, 241 Mao Tsê-tung, 166, 403-417 Marx, Karl, 241, 254 Marxism, 160, 234, 258, 263 Marxism and Chinese history, 165 Marxism-Leninism, 84 Marxist effect on the San Min Chu I, 252 Mass: action, 10 education, 215 literacy movement, 84 marriages, 153 mobilization, 157 movements, 312 singing, 154 Material and Resources Control and Supervision Ministry, 91 Mayor (Shih-chang), 104 Mayors under the proposed constitution, 295 Mazzini, 241 Miao Ping, 194 Migration of schools, 83 Migrations, 88 Militarism in the provinces, 100 Military Advisory Council (Chün-shih Ts'an-i-yüan), 62 Military affairs, 310 Military Affairs Commission (Chün-shih Wei-yüan-hui), 13, 60, 162 Military governor (tuchün), 99 Military jurisdiction under the Hsien Fa, 284 Military policy, 61 Military service under the Hsien Fa, 285 Military unification, 6 Militia, 393 Min-ch'üan chu-i (see Democracy, Sun Yat-sen, and San Min Chu I) Min shêng chu-i, 30, 223, 253 Min ts'u chu-i (see Nationalism, Sun Yat-sen, and San Min Chu I) Ming Emperors, 249 Minister (Pu Chang), 96 Ministry of —— (see name of Ministry) Ministries, 81 Minor parties: and constitutionalism, 34 at Nanking, 208 in occupied China, 235 representation, 72 status, 160 Minority democracy, 41 Mobilization, economic, 86 Model hsien, 109 Modernization of West China, 89 Mohammed, 239 Monarchist legitimism, 184 Morale, governmental, 236 Moscow (see Communism) Moslem rebellions, 213 Motor communications, 93 Motor fuel trade, 90 Municipal Advisory Assembly (Shih Ts'an-i-hui), 72, 104 Municipal food stores, 90 Municipal government, 103 Municipal People's Political Council (see Municipal Advisory Assembly) Municipalities under the Hsien Fa, 295 Munitions, 90 Nanking, capture of, 14 Nanking regimes (see Reorganized Government; Reformed Government) Napoleon, 239 "National" (see also "People's," "Chinese") National Aviation Commission, 63 National capital in the Hsien Fa, 284 National [Constituent] Congress (Kuo-min Ta-hui), 25, 27, 300 National Congress: election of representatives, 302 National Congress: system of organization, 300 National Government (Kuo-min Chêng-fu): the term, 52 National Government Committee (see Council of State) National Health Administration (Wei-shêng Shu), 83 National Institute of Rural Reconstruction, 220 National Military Council (see Military Affairs Commission) National People's Convention (Kuo-min Hui-i), 7 National Relief Commission (Chên-chi Wei-yüan-hui), 92 National Salvation (Chiu Kuo) movement, 175 National Socialism (German), 252 National Socialist Party (Kuo-chia Shê-hui Tang), 75, 179 National Spiritual Mobilization (Kuo-min Ching-shên Tsung-tung-yüan), 157 National treasury, 88 Nationalism (min ts'u), theory of, 252 Negrin, 15 Neighborhood (pao), 107 Nêng (ability), 253 New Fourth Army (Hsin-ssŭ-chün), 119 New Life Movement (Hsin Shêng-huo Yün-tung), 149 New Life Secretaries' Camp, 155 New Life Students Rural Summer Service Corps, 154 New Order in East Asia, 184, 189 News services, 137 North China, 14 North Shensi (see also Frontier Area), 161 Northeastern Clique (Tungpei P'ai), 76 Occupied China: Chungking control over, 64 missions, 235 poverty, 92 Office of Civil Affairs (Wên-kuan Ch'u), 54 Office of Military Affairs (Tsan-chün Ch'u), 54 Office of the Naval Commander-in-Chief (Hai-chün Tsung-ssŭ-ling-pu), 63 Office of Political Affairs (Chêng-wu Ch'u), 57 Officers' Moral Endeavor Corps, 63, 149 Old China: economics, 3 government, 5 socio-economic structure, 211 in Sun Yat-sen's theory, 251 Old Hundred Names (lao-pai-hsing), 236 Opinion, public, 39 Organic Law of XVII (1928), 28 Organization of the Kuomintang, etc. (see relevant group or agency) "Orthodox" Kuomintang, 200, 207 Outer Mongol People's Republic, 183, 188 Outline of National Reconstruction, 6 Outline of War-Time Controlment, 313 Outlines of Political Tutelage, 24 Overseas Chinese, 84 Pacification Commissioner (Sui-ching Chu-jên), 100 Pai Chung-hsi, 102 pai-hua (written vernacular), 215 Pan American airlines, 93 Panchen Lama, 71 Pan Ch'ao, 81 Pao ("neighborhood"), 107, 324, 394 Pao schools, 216 Pao-chia system, 106 Paper money, 86 Parti Républicain Nationaliste de la Jeune Chine (see Kuo-chia Chu-i P'ai) Party Affairs Committee of the Kuomintang (Tang-wu Wei-yüan-hui), 133 Party Chief (Tsung-ts'ai), 41 Party Constitution (Tang-chang): Communist, 359 Kuomintang, 125 Party dictatorship (tang chih), 6, 23 Party-government relations, 49 Party and Government War Area Commission (Chan-ti Tang-chêng Wei-yüan-hui), 64, 112 Party headquarters, 141 Party-politics, 158 Party-politics in the People's Political Council, 76 Party Supervisor's Net (Tang-jên Chien-ch'a Wang), 141 Party-Ministries of the Kuomintang, 136 Party's role in the constitutional system, 23 Peasant rebellions, 4 Pensions Commission (Fu-hsüeh Wei-yüan-hui), 62 People's Advisory Political Council (see People's Political Council) People's Congress (see National Congress) People's Foreign Relations Association, 234 People's Political Council (Kuo-min Ts'an-chêng Hui): competence, 73 election, 72 function of representation, 66 membership, 70 nominations, 71 practicality, 74 procedure, 74 in Program of Resistance and Reconstruction, 311 reorganization, 75 sessions, 70 Permanent Constitution, Draft (Hsien-fa Ts'ao-an), 5, 25, 283 Personnel, Ministry of (Ch'üan-hsü Pu), 68, 96 Philosophy of Action, A, 373 Pi Chiao Hsien Fa (Comparative Constitutions, by Wang Shihchieh), translated and quoted, 23, 49, 50, 52, 67, 125 Pilsudski, 272 Planning Committee for the Western Capital (Hsi-ching Ch'ou-pei Wei-yüan-hui), 56 Pluralism, 3, 211 Policy-making, 47, 74, 79 Political Affairs Department or Office (Chêng-wu Ch'u), 57 Political commissars in the army, 63 Political Department (Chêng-chih-pu) of the Military Affairs Commission, 64 Political laxity, 251 Political rights: proposed constitutional provisions, 285 Political Scientists' group (Chêng-hsüeh Hsi), 145 Political Vice-Minister (Chêng-wu Tz'u-chang), 96 Politics of ideology, 8 Popular democracy, 39 Popular Front group, 78, 129 Popular government in the Border Region, 119 Population, 3 Poverty in occupied China, 222 Power (ch'üan), 43, 253 Pragmatic utilitarianism of Sun Yat-sen, 252 Presidency proposed under the Hsien Fa, 28, 287 President (Yüan-chang) of the Executive Yüan, 56 President (Chu-hsi) of the National Government, 52 Presidium of the People's Political Council, 73 Pressure politics, 234 Prime movers, 229 Principles of the Great People (Ta Min Chu I), 196 Private rights: proposed constitutional provisions, 284 Private property: proposed constitutional provisions, 285 Privy Council, 56 Problems of the hsien: comment of Chiang K'ai-shek, 388 Professors' Clique (Chiao-shou P'ai), 77 Program of Resistance and Reconstruction (K'ang-chan Chien-kuo Kang-ling), 17, 35, 309 Pro-Japanese elements, 186, 192, 212, 276, 310 Propaganda, 61, 137 Proposition, 314 Prosperity, 222 Protestant schools, 215 Provincial Governments (Shêng Chêng-fu): Chairman (Shêng Chêng-fu Chu-hsi), 100, 294 connection with central government, 82 councils, 72 current role, 98 proposed constitutional provisions, 293 Provincial People's Political Councils (Shêng Ts'an-chêng-hui), 103 structure, 102 Provincialism, 8, 99 Provisional Constitution (Yüeh Fa), 22, 24 Provisional Executive Committee of the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei Border Region (Chin-ch'a-chi Pien-ch'ü Lin-shih Hsing-chêng Wei-yüan-hui; see also Border Region), 16 Provisional Government of the Republic of China (Chung-hua Min-kuo Lin-shih Chêng-fu), 14, 192, 207 Pu (ministries or departments), 61 Public Administration, School of, 219 Public opinion, 214 Public service: proposed constitutional provisions, 285 Public utilities: proposed constitutional provisions, 296 Publicity, 79 Publicity, Party-Ministry of (Chung-yang Hsüan-ch'uan Pu), 137 Publicity of the San Min Chu I Youth Corps, 350 "Puppet states," 188 Purple Mountain, 249 P'u Yi (see Chin P'u-yi) Races: proposed constitutional provisions, 284 Radio, 94 Railways in Free China, 92 Resistance and Reconstruction, Program of, 309 Reformed Government of the Republic of China (Chung-hua Min-kuo Wei-hsin Chêng-fu), 17, 192, 195 Regeneration Club (Fu-hsing Shê), 144 Regional autonomy, 8 Regular troops, 8 Regulations Concerning the Organization of the Various Classifications of Hsien, 324 Relief, 61, 297 "Reorganized Kuomintang," 200 Reorganized National Government of China (Hsiu-chêng Kuo-min Chêng-fu): affiliation with Japan, 183 creation and function, 197 personnel, 204 practical work, 205 significance to Chiang K'ai-shek, 372 status, 203 Representation, function of, 66 Republic: the term, 161 Republican revolution, 213 Republicans (Kung-ho Tang), 208 Resident Committee of the People's Political Council, 73 Resist-Japan University, 84 Resistance, 12, 213 Revolution by three stages, 6, 22, 35, 253 Revolutionary Action Commission of the Chinese Kuomintang (Chung-hua Kuo-min-tang K'ê-ming Hsing-chêng Wei-yüan-hui), 178 Rights, constitutional, 28 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 233, 278 Rosinger, Lawrence K., 81 Rural education, 218 Rural reconstruction, 218, 397 Rural Service Corps, 154 Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic, (R.S.F.S.R.), 188 Salazar, Antonio de O., 272 San Min Chu I: and Chiang K'ai-shek, 270 explanation and comment, 8, 13, 34, 178, 245, 250, 371 and Hsin Min Chu I, 194 proposed constitutional provisons, 287 San Min Chu I Youth Corps (San Min Chu I Ch'ing-nien T'uan): appraisal, 352 chart of organization, 345 Constitution, 331 description by General Ch'ên Ch'êng, 340 history, 341 and the Kuomintang, 132 Leader, 342 Salt gabelle, 88 Scholars of old China, 3 Scholastic bureaucracy, 3, 250 School for the Border Provinces, 135 Schools (see education), 216 Scorched earth policy, 12 Second Revolution, 259 Secret societies, 10 Secretariat (Mi-shu-ch'u), 57, 73 Secretary-General (Mi-shu-chang), 57, 73 Service Department, military (Hou-fang Ch'in-wu-pu), 63 Seven Gentlemen (Ch'i Chün-tzu), 36, 76, 176 Shanghai, 13 Sharecropping, 91 Sheean, Vincent, 161 Shên Chun-lu, 176 Shêng Shih-ts'ai, 176 Shensi (see Frontier Area) Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia Frontier Area (Shan-kan-ning Pien-ch'ü Chêng-fu), 112 Shih (see municipality, q.v.) Sian affair, 5, 10, 176 Sinkiang (Chinese Central Asia; Chinese Turkestan), 85, 101 Sino-American trade, 88 Sino-Siberian highway, 93, 95 Small-Group Training Program, 354 Smith, Joseph, 241 Snow, Edgar, 146, 160 Social Affairs, Ministry of, 96 Social Movements, Party-Ministry of (Shê-hui Yün-tung Pu; also translated Party-Ministry of Social Affairs, Board of Social Affairs), 96, 136 Social Democratic Party, 181 Social rigidity, 251 Social work, 61 Social work of the San Min Chu I Youth Corps, 351 Socialist Party, 181, 208 Soong, C. J., 247 Soong, T. V., 9, 86, 248 Soong Ching-ling, 245 Soong sisters, 248 Sovereignty: proposed constitutional provisions, 283 Soviet China, 275 Soviet form of government in China, 45 Soviet influence in Sinkiang, 101 Soviet-Japanese understanding, 275 Soviet policy in China, 171 Soviet training of Chiang K'ai-shek, 262 Soviet Union (see also Communists; Marxism), 188, 273, 275 Speaker (I-chang) of the People's Political Council, 72 Special Administrative District of the Chinese Republic (Chung-hua Min-kuo T'ê-ch'ü Chêng-fu), 112 Special-area governments, 98, 111, 120 Special inspection, 316 Special Regional Government ... (see Special Administrative District ...) Specie, 86 Stalemate, 12 Stalin, Joseph, 263 Stalinism (see also Communist Party), 234 State Council (see Council of State) State examinations: proposed constitutional provisions, 285 State socialism, 30, 89 Steamships, 93 Strategy of the Chinese, 12 Sub-district (ch'ü-fên) of the Kuomintang, 126, 139 Subterranean minerals: proposed constitutional provisions, 296 Sung Ai-ling (see Kung, Mme. H. H.) Sung Ch'ing-ling (see Sun Yat-sen, Mme.) Sung Mei-ling, 248, 261 Sung Tzu-wên (see Soong, T. V.) Sun I-hsien (see Sun Yat-sen) Sun K'ê (Sun Fo), 66, 145, 247 Sun Yat-sen: biography, 240 doctrines (see also San Min Chu I), 6 family, 247 historical role, 239 on imperialism, 190 on local government, 105 Provisional President, 244 revolutionary technique, 244 sense of mission, 240 state planning, 245 Western training, 242 Sun Yat-sen, Mme., 145, 178, 247 Supreme Court (Tsui-kao Fa-yüan), 67 Supreme National Defense Council (Tsui-kao Kuo-fang Wei-yüan-hui), 16, 46 Symbolism of government, 45 System of organization of the National Congress, 300 Szechwan, 181 T'ai Li, 145 T'aip'ing Rebellion, 161, 213, 241 Taiwanese, 187 Ta Min Chu I, 196 Ta-min-hui, 196, 208 Tang Cheng Chien Chih T'u-piao, cited, 46, 54 T'ang Leang-li, 198 Tannu-Tuva, 189 Tao Hsi-shêng, 198 Tayler, J. B., 224 Taylor, George, 116 Taxation: proposed constitutional provisions, 285 Telecommunications, 93 Telegraph, 94 Telephone, 94 Têng Yen-ta, 178 Territory: proposed constitutional provisions, 283 Third International (see also Communist Party), 71, 161, 245 Third Party (Ti-san Tang), 178 Three-Power Pact, 274 Three-stage war, 12 Three stages of revolution (see Revolution by three stages) "Three principles of the people" (see San Min Chu I) Tibet, 85 Tientsin, 4 Tinghsien, 219 Tong, Hollington, 138, 255 Tongs (tang), 261 Township (ch'ü), 107 Training Committee (Hsün-lien Wei-yüan-hui) of the Kuomintang, 133 Training conferences, 109 Trans-Sinkiang highway, 93 Tridemism (see San Min Chu I) Trotsky, Leon, 164, 263 Truck service, 93 Tseng Chi, 181 Tso Shen-sheng, 181 Tso Tao-fên, 36, 176 Tsung-ts'ai, 41 Tuchünism, 5, 244 Tungpei P'ai (see Northeastern Clique) Turksib railroad, 101 Tutelage, period of, 7 Tutelary dictatorship (tang chih), 23 Types of government sponsorship, 89 Unearned increment, 30, 296 United Council of the pro-Japanese, 195 United Front, 70, 111, 113, 119, 129 United States of America, 273, 275, 277, 279 Universal Trading Corporation, 88 Urban pattern of local government, 104 Utterances on Reconstruction, The Party Chief's (Tsung-ts'ai Chien-kuo Yen-lun Hsüan-chi), quoted, 33 Vayo, Julio Alvarez del, 15 Vice-President of a Yüan (Fu-yüan-chang), 57 Vocational education, 217 Vocational Educationists' Clique (Ch'ê-yeh Chiao-yü P'ai), 77 Wang Ch'ing-wei, 20, 53, 56, 129, 142, 145, 192, 197, 239, 263, 372 agreements with the Japanese, 203 flight from Chungking, 203 following, 197 record of schism, 199 significance, 208 Wang Ch'ung-hui, 82, 418 Wang K'ê-min, 194 Wang Ming, 257 Wang Shih-chieh, 23, 73, 137 Wang Tao, 194 War Area Service Corps, 154 War finance, 87 War, Ministry of (Chün-chêng-pu), 60, 63, 96 War: the term, 11 War-time Controlment, Outline of, 313 Washington, George, 255 Water-conservancy regions, 4 Western imperialism, 4, 190 Western states, 3 Whampoa (see Huangpu) What I Mean By Action, 373 William, Maurice, 254 Wireless, 94 Women's Advisory Council of the New Life Movement, 155 Wong Wen-hao, 91 Wool, 227 Workers' living conditions: proposed constitutional provisions, 296 World federation, 371 World government: comment of Chiang, 281 Wounded Soldiers' League, 155 Wu, Dr. John C. H., 26 Wu-han government, 15 Wu Pei-fu, 198 Yang Kan-tao, 181 Yangtze, 18 Yeh Ch'u-tsang, 137 Yen, Dr. James Y. C, 84, 218 Yenan, 115 Yin Ju-kêng, 185, 192 Y. M. C. A., 149, 235 Young, Brigham, 241 Yüan, 24, 28 Yüan-chang, 28 Yüan Shih-k'ai, 244, 259 Yü Yu-jên, 145 Yünnan, 101 Zinoviev, G., 164