PART II.—ANIMALS.

By Dr. WORTHINGTON HOOKER.

THE CHILD’S BOOK OF NATURE. For the Use of Families and Schools; intended to aid Mothers and Teachers in training Children in the Observation of Nature. In three Parts. Illustrations. The Three Parts complete in one vol., Small 4to, Cloth, $1 00; Separately, Cloth, Part I., 40 cents; Parts II. and III., 44 cents each.

Part I. PLANTS.—Part II. ANIMALS— Part III. AIR, WATER, HEAT, LIGHT, &c.

FIRST BOOK IN CHEMISTRY. For the Use of Schools and Families. Revised Edition. Illustrations. Square 4to, Cloth, 44 cents.

NATURAL HISTORY. For the Use of Schools and Families. Illustrated by nearly 300 Engravings. 12mo, Cloth, 90 cents.

SCIENCE FOR THE SCHOOL AND FAMILY.

Part I. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. Illustrated by nearly 300 Engravings. 12mo, Cloth, 90 cents.

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Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, by Harper & Brothers, in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Southern District Court of New York.

PREFACE.

Having presented in Part First such facts or phenomena of Vegetable Physiology as would be interesting to a child, I proceed in this Part to do the same with Animal Physiology.

The teacher and parent will observe, that in doing this I bring out quite prominently the analogies that exist between the animal and the vegetable world in the operations of life. Such analogies are always interesting to the child as well as to the adult, and the consideration of them adds much to the enjoyment of the observer of nature, for it opens to him the simple plans and principles upon which the Creator works out the almost endlessly varied results that life, both animal and vegetable, presents to our view.

What is true of the analogies that exist between the two kingdoms of life is also true of those that we find in each kingdom by itself. I have therefore, in this Part, traced the resemblances which the contrivances in the human system bear to those which we see in animals of different kinds, and also the differences, giving to some extent the reasons for them—that is, I have made it in some measure a book of comparative physiology. The effect of this mode of treating the subject will be to interest the child’s mind in the observation of the various animals, great and small, that he sees from day to day. Natural History, which is otherwise rather a dull study, will thus become very attractive to him. And, to further this object, which I deem to be of great importance, I have noticed the habits of some animals in such a manner as to connect distinctly Physiology with Natural History, a relation which, though an obvious one, has very generally been disregarded.

While I have aimed in this Part at the same kind of simplicity as in the First, there are some points in it which require a greater compass of mind to understand. This is as it should be; for in going through the First Part there will, of course, be acquired by the learner some amount of skill in observation and reasoning. I have taken special care, however, not to presume too much upon the mental advance thus made.

Worthington Hooker.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER PAGE

I. WHAT IS MADE FROM THE BLOOD 2007

II. MORE ABOUT WHAT IS MADE FROM THE BLOOD 2010

III. HOW THE BLOOD IS MADE 2013

IV. MOTHER EARTH 2015

V. THE STOMACH AND THE TEETH 2019

VI. MORE ABOUT THE TEETH 2022

VII. THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD 2026

VIII. BREATHING 2030

IX. BRAIN AND NERVES 2034

X. HOW THE MIND GETS KNOWLEDGE 2040

XI. SEEING 2047

XII. HOW THE EYE IS GUARDED 2052

XIII. HEARING 2057

XIV. THE SMELL, THE TASTE, AND THE TOUCH 2063

XV. THE BONES 2068

XVI. MORE ABOUT THE BONES 2072

XVII. THE MUSCLES 2077

XVIII. MORE ABOUT THE MUSCLES 2082

XIX. THE BRAIN AND NERVES IN ANIMALS 2087

XX. THE VARIETY OF MACHINERY IN ANIMALS 2091

XXI. THE HAND 2096

XXII. WHAT ANIMALS USE FOR HANDS 2102

XXIII. THE TOOLS OF ANIMALS 2109

XXIV. MORE ABOUT THE TOOLS OF ANIMALS 2115

XXV. INSTRUMENTS OF DEFENSE AND ATTACK 2122

XXVI. WINGS 2131

XXVII. COVERINGS OF ANIMALS 2138

XXVIII. BEAUTY OF THE COVERINGS OF ANIMALS 2142

XXIX. HOW MAN IS SUPERIOR TO ANIMALS 2148

XXX. THE THINKING OF ANIMALS 2153

XXXI. MORE ABOUT THE THINKING OF ANIMALS 2157

XXXII. WHAT SLEEP IS FOR 2162