INDEX

The numbers refer to articles.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Abbreviations, 83, 90c

Absolute expressions Defined, 58 Punctuation of, 91e

Accept and except, 67

Ad, 68

Addresses, 87b, 87e

Adjectives Classes of, 58 Comparison of, 58 Distinguished from adverbs, 56 In a series, 91f, 91j2

Adverbs, Classes of, 58 Comparison of, 58 Distinguished from adjectives, 56

Affect and effect, 67

Aggravate, 68

Agreement Of verbs, 52 Of pronouns, 51, 50i

Ain't, 68

All right, 68

Almost, Position of, 27

Allusion and illusion, 67

Already and all ready, 67

And before a subordinate phrase or clause, 16, 17

And used to excess, 14

And which construction, 17

Antecedent Defined, 58 Faulty reference to, 20-23

Anybody, Number of, 51a

Apostrophe In contractions, 97 With possessive, 97, 50f

Application for a position, 87g

Articles, Omission of, 3

As, Incorrect use of, 50a, 68

Aspect of the verb, 58

Auxiliary Defined, 58 Use of, 55e

Awful, Abuse of, 68

Balanced sentence, 45

Balanced structure, 30, 45

Barbarisms, 66

Because clauses, 5

Because of phrases, 5 Note

Be, Nominative with, 50c

Both ... and, 31

Brackets, 95e

Brevity for emphasis, 41, 60

Business letters, 87c

Bust or busted, 68

But used to excess, 38 Note

Can and may, 67

Cannot help but, 34

Capitals, 81

Case Defined, 58 Use of, 50

Cause, Inaccurate statement of, 5

Caused by, 5 Note, 23, 68

Change in number or person, 33

Change in subject or voice, 32

Change in tense, 33, 55

Choppy sentences, 13

Claim, 68

Clauses Cause, 5 Coördinated loosely, 14, 12 Defined, 58 House-that-Jack-built, 38 Misplaced, 24 Misused as sentences, 1, 90b Restrictive and non-r., 91d Subordinate. Not to be used as complete sentences, 1 Subordination faulty, 15 To be reduced to phrases, 60 When or where clauses, 6

Clearness, 20-39

Climax, 44

Coherence, 24-29

Colon, 93

Collective nouns, Number of, 51c

Colloquialisms, 65

Comma, 91, 92c Notes 1 and 2, 95b After quotation, 96 Note "Comma splice" or "comma fault," 18 Not used after question mark, 98b

Comparison of adjectives and adverbs, 58

Comparisons, Inaccurate, 4

Compound sentence structure in excess, 12, 14

Compound words, 78

Concreteness, 63

Conjugation, 58

Conjunctions Defined, 58 List of, 36 Omitted, 37 Repeated carelessly, 38

Conjunctive adverbs Defined, 58 Punctuation with, 92c

Connectives, 8, 36, 37, 38

Consonants Between syllables, 71, 85 Final (in spelling), 75

Construction Incomplete, 2 Mixed, 34 Split, 28

Contractions Apostrophe with, 97 When proper, 65b

Coördination, Excessive, 12, 14

Correlatives, 31

Could of, 68

Dangling gerund, 23

Dangling participle, 23

Dash, 94

Dates, Writing of, 84, 91e

Declension, 58

Definition, 6 Note

Dialogue Paragraphing, 88c Punctuation before, 91h, 93a Punctuation in, 96

Diction, Faulty (list), 68

Different than, 68

Divided reference, 20

Don't, 51d

Double capacity, Words in, 57

Double negative, 34 Note

Drownded, 68

Due to, Proper use of, 5 Note, 23 Note, 68

Each, Number of, 51a

ei or ie, 74

Either, Number of, 51a

Either ... or, 31

Ellipsis Defined, 58 Misuse of, 3, 23 Note

Emigrate and immigrate, 67

Emphasis By brevity, 41 By position, 40 By repetition, 47 By separation, 41 By subordination, 42, 14 By variety, 48

Enthuse, 68

Etc., Use of, 68

Euphemism, 61

Ever, Position of, 27

Every, every one, everybody, Number of, 51a

Exclamation point, 98e

Exact connective, 36

Exact word, 62

Figures, Use of, 84

Figures of speech, Mixed, 35

Final consonant (in spelling), 75

Final e before a suffix, 76

Fine, Abuse of, 68

Fine writing, 61

Flowery language, 61

Formal invitations, 87h

Former, 68

Gent, 68

Geographical names, 91e

Gerund Dangling, 23 Defined, 58 With possessive, 50g

Good use, 65, 66

Gotten, 68

Grammar, 50-59

Grammatical terms, 58

Guess,68

Hackneyed expressions, 61

Had ought, 68

Handwriting, 80c

Hanged and hung, 67

Healthy and healthful, 67

Historical present, 33 Note

However, Position of, 27

Human, humans, 68

Hygienic and sanitary, 67

Hyphen Between syllables, 85 In compound words, 78

Idioms, 65

Illogical thought, 4, 5, 6, 7

Imagery mixed, 35

Impersonal construction, Needless use of, 60

Improprieties, 66

Incomplete construction, 2

Indefinite it, you, they, 22 Note

Indention of paragraphs, 88

Inflection, 58

Infinitive Case with, 50e Defined, 58 Sign of, to be repeated, 37 Split, 28 Tense of, 55

Instants and instance, 67

Interjections Defined, 58 Punctuation of, 91c, 98e

Invitations, Formal, 87h

Is when clauses, 6

Is where clauses, 6

Italics, 82, 96e

Its (possessive adjective), without apostrophe, 50f, 97d

Kind of, 68

Later and latter, 67

Lead and led, 67

Learn and teach, 67

Leave and let, 67

Length of paragraph, 88b

Length of sentences, 12, 13, 48b

Less and fewer, 67

Letters, 87

Liable and likely, 67

Lie and lay, 59D, 67

Like (for as), 67, 68

List Of connectives, 36 Of principal parts, 54 Of grammatical terms, 58 Of words confused in meaning, 67 Of words incorrectly used, 68 Of words logically akin, 72 Of words confused in spelling, 73 For spelling, 79

Loan, 68

Locate, 68

Logic, 4, 5, 6, 7

Logical Agreement, 4, 5, 6

Logical Sequence, 25

Lose and loose, 67

Lots of, 68

Majority and plurality, 67

Manuscript, 80

Might of, 68

Misplaced word, 27

Mixed constructions, 34

Mixed imagery, 35

Modal aspects, 58

Mode Definition of, 58 Use of subjunctive, 55d

Modifiers Grouping of, 24, 25 Needless separation of, 24, 27 Squinting, 26 Wrongly used as sentences, 1, 90b

Money, 84c

Most (for almost), 66, 68

Myself, Needlessly used for I or me, 68

Negative, Double, 34 Note

Neither, Number of, 51a

Neither ... nor, 31

Nice, Inaccurate use of, 62, 68

Nicknames, Quotations with, 96d

Not only ... but also, 31

Nouns, Classes of, 58

Number Shift in, 33 These kind, etc., 51b Each, Every, etc., 51a Collective nouns, 51c Of verbs, 52

Numbers, Use of, 84 Formation of plural, 77d, 97e

O and Oh, 68

Objective case, 50d, 50e

Off of, 68

Omission Of words, 3 From quotations, 96i

Only, Position of, 27

Outlines, 86

Overlapping thought, 8 Note

Owing to, Proper use of, 5 Note

Paragraphs, 88

Parallel structure, 30, 31, 45

Parenthesis and parenthetical elements, 91e, 94a, 95

Participle Dangling, 23 Definition of, 58

Parts of speech, 58

Party, Abuse of, 68

Passive voice, not emphatic, 46

Past tense, Wrong forms of, 54

Past perfect tense, 55

Period, 90, 91b, 92a Note After quotation, 96g Note Not used after question mark, 98b "Period blunder," 1, 90b

Periodic sentence, 43

Person, Change in, 33

Phonetic spelling, 71 Note

Phrases Defined, 58 Not to be used as sentences, 1 Note Absolute, 91e

Plurals, Spelling of, 77

Poetry to be separated from prose, 41, 80b

Point of view, Shift in, 32

Ponderous language, 60

Possessive With gerund, 50g Apostrophe with, 50f, 97 Inanimate objects in, 50h

Practical and practicable, 67

Predicate adjective, 58

Predicate noun, 58

Prefixes, 72

Prepositions Defined, 58 Omitted, 3, 37 Repeated carelessly, 38

Principal parts, 54

Principal and principle, 67

Pronouns Agreement with antecedent, 50i Case of, 50 Kinds of, 58 Reference of, 20, 21, 22 Wrong use of myself, yourself, for I, me, you, 68

Pronunciation as a guide to spelling, 71

Proof and evidence, 67

Proposition, Synonyms for, 62

Proven, 68

Pseudo- and quasi-, 67

Quiet and quite, 67

Question mark, 98

Quotation marks vs. italics, 82a Note 2, 96e

Quotations Punctuation before, 91h, 92d, 93a Punctuation of, 96

Reason, Statement of, to be completed by a that clause, 5

Redundance, 60

Reference Ambiguous, 20 Broad, 22 Divided, 20 Impersonal, 22 Note Remote, 20 To a clause, 22 To a title, 21 Note To an unemphatic word, 21 Weak, 21

Reflexive wrongly used for the simple pronoun, 68

Repetition Of connectives, good, 37; bad, 38 Of structure, good 47b; bad 48b Of words, good, 47a; bad, 48a

Respectfully and respectively, 67

Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses, 91d

Right smart, 68

Rise and raise, 59D, 67

Said, Synonyms for, 62

Same, Abuse of, 68

Scrappy sentences, 13

Semicolon, 91b, 92, 95b After quotation, 96g Note Not used after question mark, 98b

Sequence of tense, 55

Sequence of thought, 25

Series, Punctuation of, 91f, 91g, 91j 3

Shall and will, 53

Shift in number, person, or tense, 33

Shift in subject or voice, 32

Should and would, 53

Sit and set, 59D, 67

Slang, 66 Quotations with, 96d

So, 36 Note, 68

Some, Abuse of, 68

Somewheres, 68

Sound, 64

Spacing, 80b

Specific words, 63

Spelling, 70-79

Split construction, 28

Split infinitive, 28

Squinting, 26

Stationary and stationery, 67

Statue, stature, and statute, 67

Stringy sentences, 12, 14

Subject in nominative case, 50a

Subjunctive mode Defined, 58 Use of, 55d

Subordinating conjunctions Defined, 58 Enumerated, 36

Subordination Necessary, 12, 13, 14 Faulty, 15, 16, 17, 42 And which, 17

Substantive defined, 58

Such, 68

Suffixes, 75, 76

Superlative degree in comparisons, 4, 58

Sure and surely, 68

Suspicion, 68

Syllabication, 85

Syntax defined, 58

Tautology, 60 Note

Technical terms, Quotations with, 96d

Tense In dependent clauses, 55a In general statements, 55c Past Perfect, 55b Sequence of, 55 Shift in, 33

Than or as, Case of pronouns after, 50a

That there, 68

Them (misused as adjective), 68

These kind, 51b

Those, Omission of relative clause after, 2, 68

Thought undeveloped, 7

Title Capitals in, 81 Reference to, 21 Note Spacing, etc., 80a, 96j Quoted (books, periodicals, etc.), 82a, 96e

Transitions, 8, 36

Transpire, 68

Triteness, 61

Undeveloped thought, 7

Unity, 10-19

Upside-down subordination, 15

Usage, Good, 65, 66

Verbals, 58

Verb, Forms of the, 58

Ways, 68

Weak reference, 21

Where at, 68

While, Abuse of, 36

Win out, 68

Who, whoever, 50b

Woods, 68

Would of, 68

Wordiness, 60

Words Confused in meaning, 67 Confused in spelling, 73 Double capacity of, 57 Misused, 68 Omission of, 3

Yourself wrongly used for you, 68

Sentence structure Completeness of thought 1 Fragments misused as sentences 2 Incomplete constructions 3 Necessary words omitted 4 Comparisons not complete in thought 5 Cause and reason 6 is when or is where clauses 7 Undeveloped thought 8 Transitions 9 Exercise

Unity of thought 10 Unrelated ideas 11 Excessive detail 12 Stringy sentences to be broken up 13 Choppy sentences to be combined 14 Excessive coördination 15 Subordination of the main thought 16 Subordination thwarted by and 17 and which constructions 18 The comma splice 19 Exercise

Clearness of thought 20 Divided reference 21 Weak reference 22 Broad reference 23 Dangling participle or gerund 24 General incoherence 25 Logical sequence 26 Squinting modifier 27 Misplaced word 28 Split construction 29 Exercise

30 Parallel structure 31 Correlatives 32 Shift in subject or voice 33 Shift in number, person or tense 34 Mixed constructions 35 Mixed imagery 36 The exact connective 37 Connective to be repeated 38 Connective not to be repeated 39 Exercise

Emphasis 40 Emphasis by position 41 Emphasis by separation 42 Emphasis by subordination 43 Periodic sentence 44 Order of climax 45 Balanced sentence 46 The weak passive voice 47 Repetition effective 48 Repetition offensive 49 Exercise

Grammar 50 Case 51 Number 52 Agreement 53 Shall and will 54 Principal parts 55 Tense mode auxiliary 56 Adjective and adverb 57 Word in a double capacity 58 List of the terms of grammar 59 Exercise

Diction 60 Wordiness 61 Triteness 62 The exact word 63 Concreteness 64 Sound 65 Idioms Colloquialisms 66 Barbarisms Slang 67 Words often confused in meaning 68 Glossary of faulty diction 69 Exercise

Spelling 70 Recording errors 71 Pronouncing accurately 72 Logical kinship 73 Superficial resemblances List 74 ei and ie 75 Doubling a final consonant 76 Dropping final e 77 Plurals 78 Compounds 79 Spelling list

Miscellaneous 80 Manuscript 81 Capitals 82 Italics 83 Abbreviations 84 Numbers 85 Syllabication 86 Outlines 87 Letters 88 Paragraphs 89 Exercise

Punctuation 90 Period 91 Comma 92 Semicolon 93 Colon 94 Dash 95 Parenthesis Brackets 96 Quotation marks 97 Apostrophe 98 Question and exclamation marks 99 Exercise

Transcriber's Notes:

Article 7, Missing period added (Many passages are powerful, especially the grave-digging [Is grave-digging a passage?].)

Article 13, Changed period to colon (Exercise:)

Article 14, Changed period to colon (Exercise:)

Article 24, Added missing article "a" (In the morning I found on my bed a heap of snow...)

Article 25, Changed "them" to "then" (Do not begin one idea, abandon it for a second, and then return to the first.)

Article 31, Added missing comma (not only ... but also ..., both ... and ...)

Article 38, Changed "men to "man" (He was undoubtedly a brave man...)

Article 38, Changed "trangressions" to "transgressions" (However, if it is used only for serious transgressions...)

Article 39, Added missing parenthesis ((Consult 36 for a list of connectives.))

Article 54, Changed period to colon (Exercise:)

Article 58, Changed "I was being taken" to "I must be taken" in the conjugation table for the verb "to take" as Present Indicative Obligative in Passive voice

Article 65, Changed "idoms" to "idioms" (Study the following list of correct idioms)

Article 65, Added missing commas (ain't it fierce?, can you beat it?, going some)

Article 68, Added missing quotation mark ("We oughtn't (not hadn't ought) to make this error.")

Article 68, Changed "Verb" to "Very" (Very. Accompanied by much when used with the past participle.)

Article 71, Removed italic style for the word "compare" (compare occasion)

Article 86, Corrected numbering in a list changing "2." to "3." (3. Place in order the headings of the following outline)

Article 88, Added missing parenthesis ((In some instances the paragraph may consist of a single sentence.))

Article 88, Changed comma to period (We'll have a rope down to you in a minute.)

Article 91, Added missing parenthesis ((She came and she was gone in a moment. McCoy talked and the rest of us listened.))

Article 91, Changed period to colon (Right: For breakfast we had oatmeal, bacon, eggs, and honey.)

Article 92, Changed period to colon (Better: She enjoyed the dinners, and the dancing, and the music)

Article 94, Changed "d." to "b.", and "b." to "d." (b. Insert a dash when a sentence is broken off abruptly.; d. The use of the dash to end sentences is childish.)

Article 95, Changed "dedeclared" to "declared" ("Bunyan's masterpiece (The Pilgrim's Progress)," declared the lecturer)

INDEX, Changed period to comma (Impersonal construction, Needless use of)