Volume 16 / Part 4 — Footnotes
Reading edition
1.
Alfred de Musset.
2.
The Life and Labors of S. Thomas of Aquin. By the Very Rev. Roger Bede Vaughan, O.S.B., Cathedral-Prior of S. Michael's, Hereford. 2 vols. London: Longmans; Hereford: James Hull. 1871-2.
3.
Proverbs vi., vii.
4.
Adv. Prax., c. 2.
5.
Bishop Wilson, Sacra Privata.
6.
Homil., in S. Ignat., vii. p. 593.
7.
Οὐχ ὡς Πέτρος καὶ Παῦλος διατάσσομαι ὑμῖν· ἐκεῖνοι Ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐγὼ δὲ ἐλάχιστος.
8.
Κλήμης ἐν ἕκτῳ των Ὑποτυπώσεων παρατέθειται την ἱστορίαν· συνεπιμαρτυρει δὲ αυτῷ καὶ ὁ ἱεραπολίτης ἐπίσκοπος ὀνόματι Παπίας. Τοῦ δὲ Μάρκου μνημονεύειν τὸν Πέτρον ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ, ἦν καὶ συντάξαι φασὶν ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆςς Ῥώμης· σημαίνειν τε τοῦτο αὐτὸν τὴν πόλιν τροπεκώτερον Β βυλῶνα προσειπόντα, διὰ τούτων· Λοπαζεται ὑμᾶς, κ.τ.λ.
9.
Eusebius' Eccl. Hist., l. 2, c. 25.
10.
Τοῦ Πέτρου καὶ τοῦ Παύλου εν Ρώμηλ εὐαγγελιζομένων καὶ θεμελιούντων τὴν ἑκκλησιαν.—Eusebius, l. 5, c. 8; also, S. Irenæus, Adv. Hæreses, l. 3, c. 3.
11.
Ἐγω δε τα τρόπαια των Ἀποστόλων ἔχω δεῖζαι, κ.τ.λ.—Eusebius, l. 2, c. 25.
12.
Eusebius, l. 3, c. 1.
13.
“Edant ergo origines ecclesiarum suarum; evolvant ordinem episcoporum suorum, ita per successiones ab initio decurrentem, ut primus ille episcopus aliquem ex apostolis, vel apostolicis viris, qui tamen cum apostolis perseveraverit, habuerit auctorem et antecessorem. Hoc enim modo ecclesiæ apostolicæ census suos deferunt: sicut Smyrnæorum Ecclesia Polycarpum ab Joanne collocatum refert; sicut Romanorum, Clementum a Petro ordinatum itidem.”—Tertulliani, De Præscriptione Hæreticorum, c. 32.
14.
“Si autem Italiæ adjaces, habes Romam, unde nobis quoque auctoritas præsto est. Ista quam felix ecclesia, cui totam doctrinam apostoli cum sanguine quo profuderunt! ubi Petrus passioni Dominicæ adæquatur; ubi Paulus Joannis exitu coronatur.”—Tertulliani, De Præscriptione Hæreticorum, c. 36.
15.
“Videamus quod lac a Paulo Corinthii hauserint; ad quam regulam Galatæ sint recorrecti; quid legant Philippenses, Thessalonicenses, Ephesii; quid etiam Romani de proximo sonent, quibus evangelium et Petrus et Paulus sanguine quoque suo signatum reliquerunt.”—Tertulliani, Adv. Marcionem, l. 4, c. 5.
16.
1 S. Peter v. 13: “The church that is at Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you; and so doth Marcus, my son.”
17.
S. John xxi. 18: “Verily, verily I say unto thee, when thou wast young, thou girdedst thyself, and walkedst whither thou wouldst: but when thou shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee, and carry thee whither thou wouldst not.” Also, 2 S. Peter i. 14: “Knowing that shortly I must put off this my tabernacle, even as our Lord Jesus Christ hath showed me.”
18.
“Seven Roman cities strove for Homer dead Through which the living Homer begged his bread.”
19.
“Veteres omnes in errorem abrepti sunt.”
20.
Instit., l. 4, c. 6, n. 15.
21.
“De Babylone dissident veteres et novi interpretes. Veteres Romam interpretantur, ubi Petrum fuisse nemo verus Christianus dubitavit: novi, Babylonem in Chaldea. Ego veteribus assentior.”
22.
Prof. Stuart, Andover Biblical Repository, Jan., 1833, vol. iii. p. 153.
23.
Lectures on Ecclesiastical History.
24.
Introduction to the Study of the Holy Scriptures, vol. ii. p. 361.
25.
A New Literal Translation, from the Original Greek, of all the Apostolic Epistles; with a Commentary and Notes.
26.
Prior Vaughan, S. Thomas of Aquin, i. 464.
27.
S. Thomas of Aquin, Introduction.
28.
Christian Schools and Scholars, ii. 20, 21.
29.
S. Thomas of Aquin, i. 369.
30.
Christian Schools and Scholars, ii. 325.
31.
Ibid.
32.
Christian Schools and Scholars, i. 9-11.
33.
S. Thomas of Aquin, i. 134.
34.
Montalembert, Monks of the West, i. Edin. ed.
35.
Monks of the West.
36.
Ibid.
37.
Monks of the West.
38.
Christian Schools and Scholars, ii. 426.
39.
Monks of the West, ii.
40.
Christian Schools and Scholars, i.
41.
Ibid.
42.
Ibid.
43.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
44.
Christian Schools and Scholars, i.
45.
Montalembert's Monks of the West, iii. 195, 197.
46.
Monks of the West.
47.
Monks of the West.
48.
Monks of the West.
49.
Monks of the West.
50.
Ibid.
51.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
52.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
53.
Ibid.
54.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
55.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
56.
Ibid.
57.
Ibid.
58.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
59.
Monks of the West.
60.
Gladstone.
61.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
62.
Monks of the West.
63.
Monks of the West.
64.
S. Thomas of Aquin.
65.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
66.
“All the more reason.”
67.
Term for the peasants and workingmen.
68.
“Go, my son, there are now no Pyrenees.”
69.
The queen's bed-chamber.
70.
The king's bed-chamber.
71.
“I am the state!”
72.
“An instant more, and I should have had to wait!”
73.
“The king is dead, long live the king.”
74.
The Duchesse de Polignac.
75.
Louis only knew how to love and to forgive; had he known how to punish, he would have known how to reign.
76.
Bancroft.
77.
Bancroft.
78.
Shea.
79.
Lake George.
80.
Caughnawaga.
81.
Christian Schools and Scholars, i. 327.
82.
Ibid.
83.
Ibid.
84.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
85.
Life of S. Thomas of Aquin.
86.
S. Thomas of Aquin.
87.
Ibid.
88.
S. Thomas of Aquin.
89.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
90.
Ibid.
91.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
92.
Ibid.
93.
Christian Schools and Scholars, ii. 370.
94.
See S. Thomas of Aquin, i. 42.
95.
Montalembert, Monks of the West, v. 159.
96.
Ibid., v. 97.
97.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
98.
Ibid.
99.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
100.
For all these and the following details, see Christian Schools and Scholars.
101.
Christian Schools and Scholars.
102.
Ibid.
103.
The Condition of the Catholics under James I. Father Gerard's Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot. Edited, with his Life, by John Morris, Priest of the Society of Jesus. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1871. New York: Sold by The Catholic Publication Society. Her Majesty's Tower. By William Hepworth Dixon. Second series. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1869. Reprinted.
104.
“The great house then rising at Charing Cross was said, in reference to these gifts, to be plated with King Philip's gold. Much of Don Juan's money passed in Cecil's pocket.... Northampton and Suffolk also obtained the most princely sums.”—Her Majesty's Tower, pp. 59, 60.
105.
History of England, ix. 36.
106.
Statutes of Elizabeth, chap. i., v., xiii., xxi., xxiii., xxvii., xxviii., xxix., xxxv.
107.
The Life of Father John Gerard, xcvii.-ix.
108.
Fifth Examination of Fawkes, November 9th and 10th, State Paper Office, No. 54.
109.
Life of Father John Gerard, p. clxxviii.
110.
Page 221.
111.
A Narrative, etc., pp. 76-77.
112.
Told to the writer as a fact.
113.
This incident is authentic, and occurred at No. 13 Rue Royale.
114.
The Life and Labors of S. Thomas of Aquin. By the Very Rev. Roger Bede Vaughan, O.S.B. 2 vols. London: Longmans; Hereford: James Hull. 1871-2.
115.
xiv. 15, 16.
116.
“Stop, traveller.”
117.
“Behold, traveller.”
118.
“Farewell,” or “Hail, for ever.”
119.
Sit tibi terra levis.
120.
Locus, loculus.
121.
Matt. xii. 32.
122.
1 Cor. iii. 13, 15.
123.
1 Pet.
124.
Apocalypse xxi. 27.
125.
2 Mach. xii. 43-46.
126.
xvi. 14.
127.
xxxv. 19, 20.
128.
2 Chron. xxi. 19.
129.
“Les morts ne sont pas les oubliés: ils ne sont que les absents.”
130.
Sismondi, His. Ital. Rep.
131.
See Catholic World, vol. xiii., No. 73, April, 1871, p. 1.
132.
The Following of Christ, b. iii. chap. v.
133.
Following of Christ, b. iii. chap. v.
134.
The Marquisate or March of Ancona was then governed by Charles of Valois, who held Naples.
135.
That is, in the territory of Padua, founded, as the student will remember, by the Trojan Antenor, whose tomb is shown in Padua to this day.
136.
That is to say, the hermitage of the Camaldolites in Milton's Vall'ombrosa.
137.
Oriental and Linguistic Studies. The Veda; The Avesta; The Science of Language. By William Dwight Whitney, Prof. of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology at Yale College. One vol. 8vo, 416 pp. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Co. 1873.
138.
Oriental and Linguistic Studies. The Veda; The Avesta; The Science of Language. By William Dwight Whitney, Prof. of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology at Yale College. One vol. 8vo, 416 pp. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Co. 1873.
139.
Title of the work given at head of this article.
140.
Still stronger in the original: “Vielleicht ist noch kein Europäer so tief in diese Sprache eingedrungen als er.”—Mithridates, vol. i. p. 134.
141.
Sidnarubam seu Grammatica Samscrdamica, cui accedit dissertatio historico-critica in linguam Samscrdamicam, vulgo Samscret dictam, in qua hujus linguæ existentia, origo, exarati critice recensentur, et simul aliquæ antiquissimæ gentilium orationes liturgicæ paucis attinguntur et explicantur autore Paulino a S. Bartolomæo. Romæ, 1790.
142.
Catalogo de las Lenguas de las Naciones conocidas. Madrid, 1800-1805. Six large 8vo volumes.
143.
These lectures, printed in book-form at London, were soon after first published in the United States by the Presbyterian College of Andover.
144.
“Wouldst thou the young year's blossoms and the fruits of its decline, And all by which the soul is charmed, enraptured, feasted, fed, Wouldst thou the earth and heaven itself in one sole name combine? I name thee, O Sakuntula, and all at once is said.”
145.
L'Aryanisme, et de la trop grande part qu'on a faite à son influence, etc.
146.
How such information could have been had from the Fasti Consulares is difficult to say; the suppression was probably a lapsus memoriæ for Josephus Flavius. The date of S. Paul's coming to Rome is too uncertain to be fixed at 61, yet we accept this year on the authority of those who put it forward in the discussion.
147.
See Op. S. Irenæi, Ed. Cong. S. Mauri, Ven. an. 1734.
148.
De Viris Illustribus, c. i.
149.
Ap. Eusebium, H. E. lib. iii. c. i.
150.
Via Appia da Porta Capena a Boville. Descritta dal Commendatore L. Canina. 2 vols. Roma. 1853.
151.
La Roma Sotterranea Christiana. Descritta ed illustrat dal Cav. G. B. de Rossi. Roma. 1864.
152.
Defense de l'Esprit des Lois, 3e partie.
153.
Aringhi, Roma Subterr. lib. iii. c. 2.
154.
Ner. 48.
155.
Pro Cluent. 13.
156.
I cimeteri sotteranei di Roma sono stati scavati dai cristiani fossari tranne pochissime eccezioni, le quali importanti per la storia, nell'ampiezza però della sotteranea escavazione scompajono; e possono veramente dirsi quello, che i matematici appellano una quantitià infinitesima e da non essere tenuta a calcolo.—App. p. 39.
157.
Psalm xxiii.
158.
S. John x. 14-16.
159.
O præclarum diem, cum ad illud divinum animorum concilium cœtumque proficiscar, cumque ex hac turba et colluvione discedam! Proficiscar enim, non ad eos solum viros, de quibus ante dixi, sed etiam ad Catonem meum.—De Senectute, 25.
160.
Coleridge's Piccolomini, scene iv.
161.
xii. 40.
162.
Newman's Church of the Fathers, Introduction.
163.
Jonas iv. 2.
164.
S. Augustine says:—“Love the men, destroy the errors: be bold without pride in the maintenance of truth; strive for the truth without harshness; pray for those whom you rebuke and confound.”—Contra lit. Petiliani, l. i.
165.
xx. 23.
166.
Romans vi. 3, 4.
167.
S. Augustine, Serm. 296, p. 1195, tom. v.
168.
Tertullian, Scorpiace, p. 628.
169.
1 Epist. iii. 2.
170.
Am. ed. p. 82.
171.
An Eirenicon, Eng. ed., p. 101.
172.
“If there be one writer in the Anglican Church who has discovered a deep, tender, loyal devotion to the Blessed Mary, it is the author of The Christian Year. The image of the Virgin and Child seems to be the one vision upon which both his heart and intellect have been formed; and those who knew Oxford twenty or thirty years ago say that, while other college rooms were ornamented with pictures of Napoleon on horseback, or Apollo and the Graces, or Heads of Houses lounging in their easy-chairs, there was one man—a young and rising one—in whose rooms, instead of these, might be seen the Madonna di Sisto or Domenichino's S. John—fit augury of him who was in the event to do so much for the revival of Catholicism.”—Newman's Essays, vol. ii. p. 453.
173.
Memoir of Keble. By Sir J. T. Coleridge, Eng. ed., p. 305.
174.
Dr. Nevin, one of the leaders of religious thought in the German Reformed communion, of which the Mercersburg Review is the organ, has said: “The man cannot be right at heart in regard to the faith of the Incarnation, whose tongue falters in pronouncing Mary Mother of God!”
175.
A Letter to Dr. Pusey on his recent Eirenicon, p. 59.
176.
The late Dr. Faber, when an Anglican, said: “Thus I hold it pious to believe that in pagan times many a wandering beam, many a pitying angel, many a rent in heaven, many a significant portent, many an overflow of the appointed channels of grace, were vouchsafed, whereon a poor glimmering faith might feed, and grow, not wholly of itself, into a feeble yet steady light, acceptable for his sake who sent such faith its food.”—Foreign Churches and Peoples, p. 535.
177.
Horace, De Arte Poetica, 391.
178.
Keble's Christian Year—Easter Eve.
179.
Lib. iv. c. 4.
180.
A Hist. de l'Art.
181.
Page 36.
182.
Page 30.
183.
The scourge used by one of the executioners at the pillar was amongst the number, and is now to be seen in the cathedral of Aachen. It is composed of narrow leathern thongs, terminated by an iron point, the whitish color of the leather bearing manifest stains of the precious blood that bespattered it. Constantine's signet, the eagle and ciphers, is distinctly visible on the time-worn, faded seal, that looks like a sort of hard chalk. The reliquary is a crystal vase, encased in gold and gems.
184.
It is not within the limits of this sketch to follow the “Saint Suaire” through its subsequent translations, but it may interest such of our readers as are not acquainted with the fact, that it is now at Aix-la-Chapelle, where every seven years it is opened by the chief prelates of Catholic Germany, and in the presence of princes and bishops exposed to the veneration of the faithful for three days, the church bells ringing all the time, and the cathedral crowded day and night.
185.
The Russian Clergy. Translated from the French of Father Gagarin, S.J. By Ch. Du Gard Makepeace, M.A. London: Burns & Oates. 1872. (New York: Sold by The Catholic Publication Society.)
186.
“L'ouvrage s'ouvre par une introduction majestueuse sur le treizième siècle.”
187.
Memoir of Count De Montalembert, Peer of France, Deputy for the Department of Doubs. A Chapter of recent French History. By Mrs. Oliphant, author of The Life of Edward Irving, S. Francis of Assisi, etc. In two volumes. William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh and London. 1872.
188.
The Anitchkoff Palace, on the Nevskoi Prospekt.
189.
In 1859, Le Second Empire; in 1860, La France, l'Autriche et l'Angleterre; in 1865, France et l'Allemagne.
190.
Particularism here means the tendency and policy on the part of Bavaria and the Southern States of Germany to resist absorption of their autonomy in certain matters by Prussia.—Translator.
191.
The town where Henry IV., of Germany, performed a penance imposed by Pope Gregory VII.—Trans.
192.
In the work, published in 1865, which procured me the honor of being made the subject of a parliamentary debate, I had dwelt upon the two-fold danger to be feared, whether from an alliance which might reopen the Belgian question, or from a war on our frontiers, it might be, on our invaded territory. I advised appeasing our political discords, the better to resist this double peril. This sums up in a few words the purport of my pamphlet. My adversaries in the tribune and in the press denied the existence of these dangers which they asserted were merely imaginary; they charged me with having got up a sham Belgian question, and with having, in that way, spread the knowledge of it abroad. “With what have I charged the Honorable M. de Champs?” said M. Dolez. “It is with having pretended that our nationality was environed by perils, and that a Belgian question was on foot in which our independence might be taken away from us.” M. Frère-Orban ridiculed in a pleasant way my forebodings. He said that I was “a lookout man who, in his tower, descries that which no one else can possibly see, ... who imagines that he has discovered that which nobody had seen before. To-day,” he added, “when there is nothing, absolutely nothing, of a nature to cause uneasiness to the country, we are told, in consequence of a party scheme: Let us hold our tongues and appease our discords. The liberal party must, in order to save Belgium from a danger which does not exist, cease resisting the pretensions of the clerical party.” Well, what does M. Frère-Orban think now? While he, as minister, was uttering in the tribune the above quieting and optimist statements, M. Benedetti had entered with M. von Bismarck into a parley, the subject of which was the Belgian question. This was the diplomatic peril. The other peril has been clearly revealed to us after Sedan. General de Wimpfen has stated to General Chazal that the question of invading or not the territory of Belgium had been earnestly discussed at Sedan. This would have been bringing the war on our violated soil.
193.
Priests and religious, men and women, numbering together 1,909, have given corporeal and spiritual attendance to 21,000 sick and wounded, and this only out of love for God and their neighbor.
194.
Referring to the very bitter attack on the definition of infallibility and the doings of the council which appeared about that time in pamphlet form from a writer under the nom de plume of Janus.—Translator.
195.
The bien-aimé of the Almanac is no more the bien-aimé of France, He does everything ab hoc and ab hac, puts all in the same sack, Justice and finance, this bien-aimé of the Almanac, etc., etc.
196.
Zamore was a negro who repaid by the basest treachery the favors lavished on him by Madame du Barry; he was the immediate cause of her execution, having betrayed her hiding-place to the convention. She is the only woman of that period who died like a coward, struggling to the last.
197.
“Let our hearts be light and gay, Glory's hour is here to-day; The blood-red blade is raised on high, We conquer when we die— Rally to victory. 'Neath the flag of a dying God! We tread the path he trod; We run, we fly To glory nigh. Behold our ardor rise, Our hearts are in the skies, Arise, arise! The scaffold mount—and God's the victory.”
198.
Blue is the color of knowledge.
199.
Der liebe Gott, the received formula in Germany, as the “good God,” le bon Dieu, in French, and Almighty God in English.
200.
Exod. xv. 11.
201.
Matt. vi. 33.
202.
Eccl. xx. 9.
203.
Lam. iii. 31.
204.
Is. xxix. 18.
205.
Matt. v. 10.
206.
Rom. xi. 33.
207.
Ps. xlii. 1.
208.
Baruch v. 6.
209.
The Arno, Chiana, and Mugnone.
210.
London Times, Feb. 3.
211.
As was shown in The Catholic World last month, excommunication is not only recognized by the law in the case of Protestant excommunicators, but has been sanctioned and confirmed by law, on an actual case being brought into court. Of course we shall be met by the objection that the formal declaration of Papal Infallibility has altered the connection between the Catholic Church and the state. Unfortunately for this easy method of explaining away difficult matters, excommunication has not been a whit altered in force, relation, or form from the days of the Apostles to Pius IX.
212.
In proof of which read the declaration of Count Andrássy to the Austrian Parliament that, notwithstanding the friendly assurances with which the three emperors parted at the breaking up of their recent conference at Berlin, he could not guarantee peace even up to Christmas. Observe also the significant rearming of all the great European powers and the recent order from Berlin of 3,000,000 rifles of a new pattern.
213.
Witness Bavaria's remonstrance, which was disregarded, at the sudden imposition of the severe military code of Prussian service without allowing it time to recover. As a more recent comment on that, read the very able and interesting letters which appeared in the New York Herald, Nov. 22, on the European situation, a short extract from which, of a Bavarian view on German unity, we give: “Germany accepts it, because it in some respects realizes the German dream of unity. That, of course, every German wants. But no one wants a united despotism, a military code that turns the whole nation into a camp, and takes half a million able-bodied men away from the farms and industrious callings. We want a Germany for the good of the fatherland, not for the glory of a little upstart Prussian prince whose name is not much older than the Bonapartes' crown.”
214.
“Desine fata deûm flecti sperare precando.”—Virg. Æn. vi. 376.
215.
In Germany.
216.
“Divorce Legislation in Connecticut,” and “The Indissolubility of Christian Marriage.”
217.
For this and the following references, see Rohrbacher's Histoire Universelle de l'Eglise Catholique. This work is so comprehensive, and so full of the most learned and accurate researches, that we have relied entirely upon its lengthened narratives for the facts mentioned in this article. The work is excessively voluminous (28 vols 8vo), and to verify personally each separate reference given by the author would be almost impossible, besides being a very tedious undertaking. We have preferred, therefore, to rely upon the single authority of one who is confessedly the best modern church historian.
218.
History of the Reformation.
219.
E. Dally.
220.
“It is an error to suppose that the Catholic faith limits the existence of man to about six thousand years. The church has never decided this delicate question, and this abstention is full of wisdom. Nothing positive, in fact, has been revealed to us on this point. The various chronological systems are the work of man; they rest on bases often hypothetical. Nevertheless, we cannot admit even the possibility of the arbitrary theories of several distinguished geologists who date the appearance of man on the earth twenty and even thirty millions of years back. Good-sense alone should incline one to be moderate on this point.”—Mgr. Meignan, Le Monde et l'Homme primitif, chap. vi.
221.
L'Homme pendant les Ages de la Pierre dans les Environs de Dinant-sur-Meuse. 2e édition. Bruxelles: Muquardt. 1872.
222.
This is true, at most, of the formations previous to the quaternary deposits; in the latter, the synchronism of the fauna becomes wholly uncertain, and only founds the emigration or disappearance of certain species of animals on inductions that have a hypothetical basis. As to their emigration, we have had too many instances in the historic period, as M. Chabas justly observes, to make us regard that necessarily the index of vast chronological intervals. Where are the elephants that abounded in Mauretania Tingitana, according to Solinus' Polyhistor; the hippopotami of Lower Egypt, the boas of Calabria, the lions, aurochs, and bears of Macedonia, the beaver, etc.? In the XVIIth century of our era, the stag, roebuck, wild boar, wolf, and bear still formed a part of the fauna of the Cevennes. The reindeer lived in the Black Forest in the time of Cæsar, who describes this animal from hearsay, but characterizes it sufficiently by the peculiarity of the male and female having the same kind of horns. M. Lartet is also inclined to the opinion that the age of the reindeer is perhaps not so ancient as was once supposed. The mammoth is no longer found alive, but has been discovered with its flesh and skin still remaining, embedded in ice, and affording nourishment to dogs and other animals. Struck with this preservation, M. d'Orbigny expresses a doubt as to the antiquity of the mammoth. He thinks it may have existed five or six thousand years ago, and believes it may still live in some unexplored locality. At least, it lived in America till a comparatively recent period. Its remains, and those of the mastodon, have been found in the auriferous deposits of California, among remarkable traces of human labor. At the Congress of Copenhagen, M. Schaffhausen expressed the opinion that the lost species should rather be regarded of a more recent date than that the antiquity of man should be extended to hundreds of thousands of years. As to the wretchedness and inferiority evident from the primitive pursuits of man and the conformity of his organs, the enemies of Christianity triumph over the discovery. We believe with Mgr. Meignan that “a proof of the authenticity of the Bible has been lightly transformed into an objection against it. The revolt and disobedience of man explain the wretched state in which he at first lived; and the hardships he underwent during the period he inhabited caverns and lacustrine dwellings prove to all who believe in the goodness of God that a great crime must have armed His justice.”
223.
“In the year of the Nativity of our Lord 710, the sixth day of the month of December, under the reign of Eudes, most pious King of the French, during the ravages of the perfidious Saracen nation, the body of the most dear and venerable Marie Madeleine was secretly and by night transferred from its alabaster sepulchre into the present one, which is of marble, and whence the body of Sidonius has been withdrawn, in order that the other may be better concealed and be beyond the reach of the above-named perfidious nation.”
224.
Seven years later, when the head was taken to Rome by Charles, Boniface VIII. sent to S. John of Lateran for a relic which had long been venerated there as the maxillar bone of Magdalen; on adjusting it to the broken part, it fitted in so exactly as to leave no doubt as to where it had originally been taken from.
225.
Shea.
226.
See the narrative and map in Shea's History of the Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi.
227.
Pronounced Ac-o-ma—the accent on the first syllable.
228.
“This way, gentlemen.”
229.
Red pepper; chile verde, green pepper.
230.
This estimate, which was considered as too high by some of the clergymen present, is given only as conjectural. It is based on the census of 1870, according to which there are in the state, in round numbers, 203,000 persons of foreign parentage at least on one side, of whom 113,000 are foreign-born. It would seem probable that we might allow out of this number 83,000 foreign-born and 67,000 native-born Catholics. It is certain, from other evidence, that the number is over 100,000, and, whatever the correct number may be, nine-twentieths is very near the proportion of the native-born to the whole number. The entire population of the state is 537,000. Nearly two-fifths of the whole are, therefore, of foreign parentage.
231.
Eugénie de la Ferronnays.
232.
“The Church the Champion of Marriage,” Catholic World, February, 1873.
233.
Deut. xxi 16, 17.
234.
Gen. xxiv. 39, 57, 58.
235.
Numb. xxvii. 8; xxxvi. 3, 8.
236.
S. John i. 13.
237.
Jeremy Taylor's “On the Marriage Ring,” besides many modern ones, especially by the Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, New York.
238.
Matt. vii. 21.
239.
Matt. xxii. 29, 30; Mark xii. 24, 25.
240.
Considérations sur la France, chapter x. et alibi passim.
241.
M. de Maistre is sometimes quoted as taking a different view; for example, in an article in the Correspondant for Nov. 10, Joseph de Maistre declared revolution an epoch and not an event. But this by no means signifies that the illustrious publicist meant that revolution was about to prevail. He says: “The French Revolution is an important epoch, and its manifold consequences will be felt far beyond the time of its outbreak and the limits of its original sphere.... If there is not a moral revolution throughout Europe, if the religious spirit is not strengthened in this part of the world, the bonds of society will dissolve.” The clergy of France, in particular, are called to “the essential work” of reacting against the influence of the Goddess of Reason. See Considérations sur la France, chap. ii.
242.
Etudes sur l'Italie contemporaine, and Notes d'un Voyageur. Première Etude, June, 1871; Seconde Etude, July, 1872. Paris: Amyot.
243.
Première Etude, p. 3.
244.
“Except the Univers, which has a correspondent at Rome, and keeps up constant communications with that city in other ways, and, on the other side, the Journal des Débats, which is supplied with information by the Italian government, and, as we have been assured, receives a handsome subsidy for the patronage accorded, most of the French papers have no other source of supplying their readers with news than the conjectures, more or less unreliable, of the Havas agency, a succursale, as to what concerns Italy, of the Stefani agency at Florence. It is supposed, however, that nothing is easier than to obtain information about a country at our very doors.”—M. Ed. Dulaurier, member of the Institute, “Impressions et Souvenirs de Rome,” in the Gazette du Languedoc for Sept. 19. I take the liberty of recommending to M. Dulaurier, and all who wish to know the state of affairs in Italy, the valuable Correspondance de Genève. The Journal of Florence, recently combined with the Cattolica of Rome, affords instructive reading. Besides information peculiar to itself, this paper reproduces in each number interesting extracts from various Italian journals.
245.
“The French, under Napoleon I., introduced the idea of centralization into Italy and the code of the Revolution which the restored princes had the want of foresight to retain. The old municipalities were destroyed, and never recovered their former independence even in the States of the Church. Piedmont, of all the states of the Peninsula, was the longest under the poisonous influence of foreign ideas. Hence it became the centre of the Revolution.”—Quel est l'Avenir de l'Europe? pages 40-41. Geneva: Grosset, 1871. The author of this remarkable work is of the school of the Count de Maistre, and worthy of his master.
246.
Première Etude, pp. 6, 12, 13, 15; Seconde Etude, pp. 4, 10, 11.
247.
Première Etude, p. 10.
248.
Journal d'un Diplomate en Italie.—See the Etudes for July, 1872.
249.
Journal d'un Diplomate en Italie, pp. 305, 306.
250.
Journal d'un Diplomate en Italie, pp. 116, 117.
251.
Les Diplomates Français sous Napoléon III., by B. d'Agreval. Paris: Dentu. 1872. A work we recommend to all publicists who wish to add to their knowledge.
252.
Première Etude, p. 10.
253.
Première Etude, pp. 5, 10, 11; Seconde Etude, p. 4.
254.
Première Etude, p. 7.
255.
The minister has laid before the Parliament the account of the expense of opening the breach in the walls of Rome. This crime cost nearly forty-eight millions.
256.
Première Etude, p. 11; Seconde Etude, p. 12.
257.
Cf. Première Etude, p. 10.
258.
See a forcible and eloquent article in the Civiltà Cattolica on the Caresses de la Providence. Sér. viii. vol. v., No. 519, Feb., 1872.
259.
(Première Etude, pp. 7, 8, 27; Seconde Etude, pp. 11, 12.) “The invaders take the stand of masters, but the people have not joined them. They remain isolated in their midst in the position of a military and administrative colony, about as favorably regarded and received as the Prussians in those departments of our country where they are still encamped. The Romans, it cannot be denied, love their Pope.”—M. Ed. Dulaurier, loc. cit.
260.
Union, Nov. 26.
261.
“We continue to be regarded at Berlin with the most favorable dispositions, as the demonstrations of which our princes were the object prove.”—Speech of M. Visconti-Venosta in the Chamber of Deputies, Nov. 27, 1872.
262.
Seconde Etude, p. 13.
263.
Address, April 28, 1872.
264.
Correspondance Diplomatique in the year 1815.
265.
Première Etude, p. 17; Seconde Etude, pp. 4, 14, 15, 16, 17.
266.
Première Etude, pp. 25, 26; Seconde Etude, pp. 15, 16, 26.
267.
See, in the Etudes for Oct., 1871, the article by Fr. Ch. Clair, who, in an address to the government of M. Thiers, carries on a vigorous argument ad hominem respecting the “necessary liberties” of the Pope.
268.
P. Toulement, La Providence et les Chàtiments de la France, ch. xvii.
269.
Première Etude, pp. 24, 25, 26: Seconde Etude, pp. 17, 22, 34.
270.
Journal d'un Diplomate en Italie, pp. 17, 18.
271.
This alludes to the indication of superhuman power by the budding horns which Michael Angelo has represented upon the head of Moses, adopting the Jewish symbol of strength so frequent in Scripture.
272.
Ecclus. xlviii. II.
273.
So soon accepted!
274.
“I, the undersigned, parish priest of the most holy Constantinian Basilica of the Twelve Apostles of Rome, certify that in Register XII. of the dead, letter N, page 283, is to be found the deed of which the following is the copy, word for word. “The twenty-second of December, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, Mademoiselle Claire-Françoise-Amélie Lautard, of Marseilles, daughter of M. Jean Baptiste Lautard, a most pious virgin, while offering last Sunday her life to God for the Holy Father, Rome, and the church, was seized on the spot by illness, and having received most piously the sacraments of the church, in the full possession of her faculties, in prayer, and surrounded by several priests and virgins, gave up her soul to Jesus Christ, her spouse, with the greatest serenity, Wednesday the 19th, at half-past nine in the morning, in the house Rue Ripresa-dei-Barberi 175, at the age of fifty-nine years. The following day, the 20th, her body was carried, after the completuum, accompanied by a great number of religious, to this basilica, and was here exposed during the morning after the manner of nobles, the office of the dead and a solemn Mass being performed; in the afternoon it was conveyed to the Church of Santa Maria in Ara Cœli, and there interred in the tomb of the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition. “Given at Rome,” etc.
275.
This mistake is awing to a wrong meaning given to a word in the Book of Joshua in the Septuagint; where the word tsorim is translated knife of stone, when it also means a sharp knife; tsor only means stone in the sense of rock or block.
276.
Simonin, La Vie Souterraine.
277.
Ancient name of the Prussians.—Trans.
278.
S. Jerome's Epist. 44, 45.
279.
Hist. of Decline and Fall of Rom. Emp., vol. iv. ch. ix. p. 262, 1st ed.
280.
Germania, i. 5.
281.
“The Study of Sociology,” by H. Spencer, in the May No. of The Contemporary Review, 1872.
282.
See Mrs. Hope's Conversion of the Teutonic Race, ch. i.
283.
Conv. of Teut. Race, p. 20.
284.
Apollin., Paneg. Major.
285.
Germania, iii.
286.
Suet., in Oct. xxiii.
287.
I. 61.
288.
Plutarch, Vita Marii.
289.
S. Jer. adv. Jovin. ii.