Part 3 / Act 5 — Page 309 INDEX

Adams, John Quincy, on the Opium War, 153

Albazin, Cossack garrison captured at, 57

Alphabet, a new, invented by Wang Chao, 217

Amherst, Lord, declines to kneel to Emperor, 168

Amoy, seaport in Fukien province, 14 its grass cloth and peculiar sort of black tea, 15

Anhwei, province of, home of Li Hung Chang, 49

Anti-foot-binding Society, supported by Dowager Empress in an edict, 217

Anti-foreign Agitation, 244-266 American influence in the Far East and, 245-251

"Appeal from the Lion's Den," 176

Army, the Chinese, 200-202

Arrow War, the, 162-169 allied troops at Peking, 168 Canton occupied by British troops, 164 China abandons her long seclusion, 169 crew of the Arrow executed without trial, 163 negotiations of the four powers with China, 165 seizure of the lorcha Arrow, 162

Bamboo tablets, writings of Confucius engraved on, 106

Battle of the Sea of Japan, 191-192

Bell-tower, boy's soul supposed to be hovering in, 21

Black-haired race, Chinese style themselves the, 151

Bowring, Sir John, Governor of Hong Kong, and the Arrow case, 162-163

Boxer War, the, 172-180 a Boxer manifesto, 175

Boycott, the, 247, 252, 253, 259

Bridges, 16, 41, 42

Bridgman, Dr., pioneer missionary to China, 282 founds the Chinese Repository, 282 Buddhism, introduction of, into China, 95 "Apotheosis of Mercy," a legend of Northern Buddhism, 108 number of Buddhist monasteries, 108 rooted in the minds of the illiterate, 108

Burden, Bishop, of the English Church Mission. Hang-chow, 23

Burlingame, Hon. Anson, U. S. Minister to China, 212

Cambalu, Mongol name for Peking, 59

Page 310 Camöens, tomb of, at Macao, 9

Canton, the most populous city of the Empire, 9-12 American trade suffers most in Canton from boycott of 1905, 13 averts bombardment by payment of $6,000,000 ransom, 154 Christian college, 10 cock-fighting the popular amusement, 10 crowds of beggars, 12 excellence of tea and silk produced in the vicinity, 13 "flower-boats," 9 historical enigma contests, 11 narrowness of streets, 12 passion for gambling, 11

Canton (Kwangtung), province of, 7-13 Viceroy of, has also Kwangsi under his jurisdiction, 13

Caravan Song, 61

Chang Chien, legend of, 63

Chang-fi, rescues son of Liu Pi from burning palace, 114

Chang Tien-shi, arch-magician of Taoism, 109

Chang Chi-tung, Viceroy of Hukwang, his life and public career, 219-241 first to start the Emperor on the path of reform 213 case of Chunghau, 223-224 his commercial developments at Wuchang, 231 official interviews with, 238-241

Chang Yee, an able diplomatist of the Chou period, 99

Chao, Prince of, is offered fifteen cities for a Kohinoor belonging to him, 98

Chau-siang subjugates Tung-chou-Kiun, last monarch of the Chou dynasty, 99

Chefoo (Chifu), port in Shantung province, 32

Chéhkiang, province of, smallest of the eighteen provinces, 17-24

Cheng-wang, "the completer," a ruler of the Chou dynasty, 86-87 his successors, 87-88

Chentung, Liang, Sir, interview with Dr. Martin with reference to the Exclusion Laws and the boycott, 252

Chin, one of the Nan-peh Chao, 117

China, probable derivation of name, 101 agency of missionaries in diffusing secular knowledge in, 281-291 American exclusion laws, 253 anti-opium edict, 304-305 boycott, 247, 252, 253, 259 condition after five wars, 181 displays of barbarity during the Boxer War, 180 effect of her defeat by Japan, 171 effects of Russo-Japanese War, 193 eighteen provinces, 6 Page 311 five grand divisions, 3 Grand Canal, 31 Great Wall, 4, 31, 32, 101 interference in Tongking, 62 interference in Korea, 62 physiographical features, 4 reforms in, 196-218 rivers, 19, 15, 18, 25, 41, 52 sincerity of reformatory movements, 306

China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company, 200

Chingtu-fu, capital of the state of Shuh, 113

Chinhai, city at the mouth of the Ningpo, 18

Chosin, Prince of, 196

Chou dynasty, founded by Wen-wang, 84 annals of, 84-88, 96, 99 form of government praised by Confucius, 96 term Chung Kwoh, "Middle Kingdom," originates in, 85

Chou-sin, brings ruin on the house of Shang, sets fire to his own palace, and perishes in the flames, 81

Christians, attitude of Chinese Government towards, 261 newspapers and the Christian faith, 263

Chu Fu-tse, the philosopher, 128

Chu Hi, the Coryphæus of Mediæval China, 128

Chu-koh Liang, a peasant who became minister to Liu Pi, 114-115

Chuang Yuen, Chinese term for senior wrangler; his importance and privileges 123

Chungchen, last of the Mings, hangs himself after stabbing his daughter, 139

Chunghau and the restoration of Ili, 223 accused by Chang Chi-tung, 224

Chunking, city on the Yangtse, 51

Chusan, Archipelago and Island, 17

Chu Yuen Chang, Father of the Mings, 135

Chwan-siang, exterminates the house of Chou, 99

Confucius, birth and parentage of 89, 90 account of his education, 90 describes himself as "editor, not author," 91 edits the Five Classics, 92 Golden Rule the essence of his teaching, 92 number of his disciples, 90 passion for music, 91 search for lost books by Liu-Pang, 106 tomb of, 30-31 worshipped by his people, 92-93 writings burned and disciples persecuted by Shi-hwang-ti, 102-103

Control of Chinese over foreigners throughout Empire, 258

Corvée, myriads of labourers drafted by, for construction of the Grand Canal, 32

Page 312 Corvino, missionary, 133 his church at Peking perishes in the overthrow of the Mongols, 137

Cotton produced in all the provinces, 3

Cue, abolition of, requisite to confirm loyalty to Manchus, 278

Degrees, literary, 122-123

Diaz and da Gama, voyage to India, 136

Diplomacy, becomes an art under the Chou dynasty, 97

Diplomatic College, 209 Dr. Martin president of, 209

"Drinking Alone by Moonlight," poem by Lipai, 120

Eclectic Commission, the, 197-198

Educational reforms, 210 the Imperial University, 210

Elgin, Lord, and the Tai-pings, 161, 166

Elliott, Captain Charles, and the Opium War, 154

Empress Dowager, and the Boxer War, 172-174, 179-180 celebrates her seventieth birthday with great pomp, 274 convert to the policy of progress, 197 coup d'état, 272 full name, 276 parentage, 271 personal description of, 275 reactionary clique and, 174 type of the Manchu woman, 276

England takes lease of Wei-hai-wei, 174

Eunuchism, 112, 297

Examinations, system of civil service, instituted by the Hans, 109 continued for twelve centuries, 121 details of, 122-124 developed under the T'angs, 121 reforms in, 213

Exclusion laws, the, Chinese resentment of, 253 most feasible way to deal with, 255 President Roosevelt on, 251

Factories, the, at Canton, 150, 152

Favier, Bishop, defends his people in the French Cathedral, Peking, 176

Fishing, queer methods of, 19

Five dynasties, the, factions contending for the succession on the fall of the house of T'ang, 126 the later Liang, T'ang, Ts'in, Han, and Chou are united after fifty-three years in the Sung dynasty, 126-127

Foochow (Fuchau), on the River Min, 15 fine wall and "bridge of ten thousand years," 16 Kushan, its sacred mountain, 15 Manchu colony, 16

Page 313 Formosa, Island of, colonised by people of Fukien, 14

France takes lease of Kwang-chou-wan, 174

France, war with, 169 allowed to retain Tong-king, 170 French seize Formosa, 170

Fraser, Consul, and Viceroy Chang in the Boxer War, 227

Fuchau (Foochow), province of Fukien, 15 large and prosperous missions in, 16

Fuhi, mythical ruler, teaches his people to rear domestic animals, 72

Fukien (Fuhkien), province of, 14-16 derivation of name, 15 dialect, 14 inhabitants bold navigators, 14

Fungshui, a false science, 202

Fungtao, inventor of printing, 116

Gabet and Huc, French missionaries, reach Lhasa in Tibet, 63

Gama, da, voyage to India, 136

Gaselee, General, and his contingent relieve the British Legation, Peking, 177

Genghis Khan, splendour of his court eclipsed by that of his grandson, Kublai Khan, 131

Gods, the numerous, of the Chinese, 82 worship of many of them referred to the Shang dynasty, 82

Gordon, General, victorious over the Tai-pings, 161

Grand Canal, journey down from Tsi-ning, 31 as useful to-day as six hundred years ago, 31 constructed by Kublai Khan, 31-32 its object, 32

Grand Lama, the Buddhist pope, 62, 109

Great Wall, the, origin of, 4 an effete relic, 31 built by Ts'in, 101 its construction overthrows house of its builder, 32

Gunpowder, early known to the Chinese, but not used with cannon, 115 spoken of by Arabs as "Chinese snow," 115

Han dynasty, founded by Liu-pang, 105 annals, 105-111 civil service examinations inaugurated, 109 marked advance in belles-lettres, 109

Hangchow, capital of Chéh-kiang province, its streets first trodden by white men in 1855, 22 its "bore", 24 its magnificent West Lake, 22 "The Japanese are coming," 23

Hanlin Academy, contest before the Emperor for seats in, 123

Page 314 Han Yu, eminent writer of the eighth century, ridicules the relics of Buddha, 107

Hart, Sir Robert, his opportune services in the war with France, 170 development of the maritime customs, 206-208 father of the postal system, 206 many honours of, 207

Hayes, Dr., president of first provincial university in China, 286

Helungkiang, province of Manchuria, 56

Hia dynasty, founded by Ta-Yü, 78 together with the Shang and Chou dynasties, known as the San Tai or San Wang, 78

Hien-feng, Emperor, escapes to Tartary and dies there, 168

Himalayas, a bulwark to China, 4

Hiao Lien, literary degree, now Chu-jin, equivalent to A. M., 122

Hiunghu, supposed ancestors of the Huns, 111

Honan province of, 41-44 agricultural resources, 42 bridge over the Hwang Ho,41

Hong Kong, "the Gibraltar of the Orient," ceded to Great Britain, 7 British make it chief emporium of Eastern seas, 8 rapid development of, 8

Huc and Gabet, French missionaries, make their way to Lhasa, 63

Hung Siu-tsuen, leader of the Tai-pings, 157 his aid Yang, 158 invites his first instructor, Rev. Issachar Roberts, to visit his court, 160 new method of baptism 160 raises the flag of rebellion in Kwangsi, 157

Huns, supposed ancestors were the Hiunghu, 111

Hupeh, province of, 45-49 Hankow, Hupeh province, a Shanghai on a smaller scale, 45 Hanyang, Hupeh province, a busy industrial centre, 46 Wuchang, capital of Hupeh, 45

Hwai, Prince, regent during minority of Shunchi, 141 called Amawang by the Manchus, 141 effects the subjugation of the eighteen provinces, and imposes the tonsure and "pigtail," 141

Hwan, Duke, of western Shan-tung, convokes the States-General nine times, 96

Hwang-ti, term for "Emperor," first used by the builder of the Great Wall, 78

Hwei-ti, a ruler of the Han dynasty, 106

Ichang, city on the Yang-tse, 15

Page 315 Ili, Chunghau and the restoration of, 223-224

Ito, Marquis, 196

I-yin, a wise minister who had charge of the young ruler T'ai-kia, 80-81

Japan, war with, provoked by China's interference in Korea, 170 Japanese expel Chinese from Korea, and take part of Manchuria, 171 Japan left in possession of Port Arthur and Liao-tung, 171 Russia is envious and compels her to withdraw, 171 having defeated Russia unreservedly restores Manchuria to China, 195

Jews, of K'ai-fung-fu, 43 ancestors of, reach China by way of India, 43 Shanghai, help their K'ai-fung-fu brethren, 44

Jin-hwang, Tién-hwang, and Ti-hwang, three mythical rulers, 71

K'ai-fung-fu, formerly the capital under Chou and Sung dynasties, 42 visit to the Jews of, 43

Kairin, province of Manchuria, 56

Kalgan, Mongolia, a caravan terminal, 58, 61

Kanghi, the greatest monarch in the history of the Empire, 142 alienated by the pope, 144 patron of missionaries, 142

Kanghi, progress of Christianity during his reign, 143

Kang Yuwei, urges reform on the Emperor, 213

Kansuh, province of, comparatively barren, and climate unfavourable to agriculture, 55

Kao-tsung, son of Tai-tsung, raises Wu, one of his father's concubines, to the rank of empress, 121

Ketteler, Baron von, killed during siege in Peking, 176

Kiachta, a double town in Manchuria, 58

Kiak'ing, succeeds on the abdication of his father, Kienlung, 144 a weak and dissolute monarch, 145

Kiangsu province, 25-29 derivation of name, 25

Kiao-Chao (Kiau-Chau), port occupied by Germans, 30, 165

Kiayi, an exiled statesman, dates a poem from Changsha, 110

Kié, last king of the Hia dynasty, his excesses, 80

Kien Lung, emperor poet, lines inscribed by him on rock at Patachu, 35 abdicates, after a reign of sixty years, for the reason that he did not wish to reign longer than his grandfather, 144 adds Turkestan to the empire, 144 dynasty reaches the acme of splendour in his reign, 144

Page 316 Kin Tartars, obtain possession of Peking, and push their way to K'ai-fung-fu, the Emperor retiring to Nanking, 129

Kin Tartars, the, 140

Kingdoms, the three, Wei, Wu, and Shuh, 112-113

King Sheng Tau, annotator of popular historical novel, 113

Kinsha, "River of Golden Sands," 52

Komura, Baron, and Portsmouth treaty, 193

Korea, the bone of contention between Japan and Russia, 182, 183, 186, 192

Kuanyin Pusa, a legend of, "The Apotheosis of Mercy," 108

Kublai Khan, absorbs China, 131

Kung, Prince, and the Empress Dowager, 273 disgraced and confined in his palace, 273 personal characteristics, 277 restored to favour but not to joint regency, 273

Kuropatkin, General, and the Russo-Japanese War, 185-192

Kwangsi, province of, subordinate to Canton, 13 in an almost chronic state of rebellion, 13

Kwangsu, Emperor, and the Empress Dowager, 172, 173 his desire for reforms, 197 imprisoned in a secluded palace, 173, 174 influenced by Kang Yuwei 173

Kwangtung (Canton), province of, 7-13

Kweichau, province of, the poorest province of China, 52 one-half its population aborigines, 52

Kweilang, secretary to the Empress, 272 prompts Prince Kung to strike for his life, 273

Lao-Tse, founder of Taoism, his life and influence, 94

Lhasa, treaty of, 62

Li and Yu, two bad kings of the house of Chou, 88

Liang, one of the Nan-peh Chao, 116

Liang Ting Fen, letter to Dr. Martin requesting his good offices with President Roosevelt, 252-253

Liaoyang, battle of, 187

Lienchow, attack on Americans at, 248, 255

Lien P'o, a general of Chao, who threatens to kill the envoy Lin at sight, 98 makes friends with his adversary, 99

Li Hung Chang, a native of Anhwei, 49 preëminent in the work of reform, 212 sent to Japan to sue for peace he is shot by an assassin, 171 wins earldom through Gordon's victory, 161

Page 317 Li Ling, a commander for whom Sze-ma Ts'ien stood sponsor, and who surrendered to the enemy, 110

Lin, Commissioner, and the opium traffic, 152

Lin Sian Ju, a brave envoy, 98

Lineivitch, General, and the Russo-Japanese War, 190-192

Lipai, the Pope of Chinese literature, 119

Li-Sze, chancellor of Shi-hwang-ti, denounces the works of Confucius to that ruler, and causes them to be burned, 102

Little, Mrs. Archibald, and the Anti-foot-binding Society, 217

Liu-pang founds the Han dynasty, 105

Liu Pi founds the state of Shuh, 113

Li Yuen, assassinates Yang-ti and sets up the T'ang dynasty, 118

Lo Kwan-chung, author of a popular historical novel, 113

Lo-yang, capital of the state of Wei, 112

Lu, Empress, holds the Empire in absolute subjection for eight years, 106

Macao, Portuguese town of, 8 burial place of Camöens and Robert Morrison, 8

McCartee, Dr., annual issued by, 287

Manchuria, 3 consists of three regions or provinces under one governor-general, 56 home of the Manchus, 56 ignorance of Manchus in their original habitat, 57 Japan takes possession of parts of, 171 population and products, 57 restored by Japan to China, 195 Russia occupies the very positions from which she compelled Japan to withdraw, 171 sacred city of Mukden, 56

Manchus, the, ignorance of those remaining in Manchuria, 57 give to China a better government than any of her native dynasties, 142 the Normans of China, 267-280 they settle at Mukden and await an opportunity to descend on China, 140

Marco Polo. See Polo

Maritime customs, the, 206-208 Sir Robert Hart's long and valuable services, 206-209

Martin, Dr. W. A. P., head of the Tung-wen College, 209 in siege at Peking, 176, 177 president of the Imperial University, 210

Mateer, Dr. C. W., founds Teng-chow College, 285

Page 318 Meadows, Consul T. T., reports in favour of the Tai-pings, 159

Medhurst, Dr., his description of the Chinese Classical language, 290

Mencius, more eloquent but less original than Confucius, 93 his tribute to Confucius, 94 owed much to his mother's training, 93

Merchant marine, the, 200

Mings, last of, stabs daughter and hangs himself, 139

Ming-ti, sends embassy to India to import Buddhist books and bonzes, 107

Mining enterprises, 202

Min River, 15

Missions, development of, 264 Minister Rockhill's address upon, 266

Missionaries, attacks on, 40, 180, 248, 260, 261, 262 agency of, in the diffusion of secular knowledge, 263-291 apostles of science, 263 creators of Chinese journalism 290 medical work, 284 lead a vernacular revolution, 290 preparation of text-books, 287 presidents of government colleges, 289 teaching and preaching, 263

Mongolia, the largest division of Tartary, 57, 61 contribution to the luxuries of the metropolis, 50 inhabitants nomadic, 58 has only three towns, 58 Russians "came lean and went away fat," 58 Russians granted privilege of establishing an ecclesiastical mission, 57

Mongols, liable to military service, but prohibited from doing garrison duty in China, 59 dress, 60 forty-eight Mongolian princes, 59 Mongol monks at Peking, 60 nomadic wanderings, 58 princes visit Cambalu (Peking), in winter, 59 their camel, 60 victorious over the Sungs, 130 Yuen or Mongol dynasty, 131-134

Morrison, John R., son of Dr. Morrison the missionary, attempts to establish a printing-press, 283

Morrison, Robert, pioneer of Protestant missions to China, tomb of, at Macao, 9, 282

Moule, Bishop, makes Hang-chow seat of his diocese, 23

Mukden, city of, sacred to every Manchu, 56 battle of, 189

Mu-wang, a Chou ruler, who seeks relief from ennui in foreign travel, 87

Page 319 Nanking, chief city of Kiangsu province, 25, 26 called Kiangning by the Manchus, 26 pillaged by Tartars, 129

Nanking, treaty of, 7

Nan-peh Chao, "Northern and Southern Kingdoms" four factions arising on the fall of the Tsin dynasty, 116

Napier, Lord, appointed superintendent of British trade in China, 153 arrives at Macao and announces his appointment by letter to the prefect of Canton, who "tosses it back," 153 dies of chagrin at Macao, 153

Napoleon, Louis, and Annam, 165

Navy, the Chinese, 199-200

"Nest-builder, The," 71

Nevius, Rev. J. L., missionary at Hangchow, 23 at Chefoo, where he plants a church and a fruit garden, 32

Nevius, Mrs., at Chefoo, 32

Newspapers, reforms in, 215 covertly criticise Government and its agents, 215

Ningpo, province of Chéhkiang, 19 its handsome people and their literary and commercial prominence, 20 residence of the author for ten years, 20

Ningpo River, 18

Nogi, General, and the Russo-Japanese War, 188-192

O'Connor, Mr., British chargé d'affaires, 179

Omesham Mountains, 51

Opening of China, the, a drama in five acts, 149 result of collisions between Oriental conservatism and Occidental progress, 149, 150

Opium, extent of trade in, 303 20,000 chests destroyed at request of Captain Charles Elliott, 154

Opium traffic, Commissioner Lin directed by Emperor Tao Kwang to abolish it, 152 attitude of British Government, 304 decree ordering its total abolition, 304 regulations of Council of State, 305

Opium War, the, its causes, precipitation, and effects, 150-162

Oyama, Field-marshal, in the Russo-Japanese War, 187-192

P's, the three—pen, paper, and printing, invention of, 116

Palmerston, Lord, invites cooperation of France, Russia and the United States concerning the Arrow case, 164

P'an-keng, of the house of Shang, moves his capital five times, 81

P'anku, the "ancient founder," 71

Page 320 Paoting-fu, in Chihli province, scene of martyrdom of missionaries, 40

Parker, Dr. Peter, missionary at Canton, 284

Parkes, Consul and the Arrow case, 162, 163, 164

Patachu, summer resort near Peking, 34-35 its eight Buddhist temples, 35

Pearl River, 9

Peking, northern capital of China, 34 approaches to new foreign quarter fortified, 37 Byron's lines on Lisbon applied to Peking, 39 climate and low death-rate, 38 Empress Dowager's summer residence, 34 "Forbidden City," 37 French Cathedral defended by Bishop Favier and marines, 176 Legation Street, 36 Prospect or Palatine Hill, 38 siege of legations, 175 summer palaces, 34 Tai-ping expedition against, 159 Tartar and Chinese cities, 35 Temples of Agriculture, Heaven and Earth, 35, 36

Peking Gazette, the, oldest journal in the world, 290

Philosophers of the Sung period, Cheo, Cheng, Chang, and Chu, 127-128

Philosophers: Chu Hi, 128 Wang Ngan-shi, economist, 128

Pirates, attacks of, on Mr. Russell and the author, 18 Rev. Walter Lowrie is drowned by, 18

Police, reforms in, 218

Polo, Marco, Mattei, and Nicolo, 132 sojourn in China, 132

Port Arthur and Liao-tung, 171, 174, 182, 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192

Ports, five, opened to great Britain at close of the Opium War, 155

Portsmouth (N. H.), treaty of, 192

Portuguese, first ships of the, appear at Canton, 136 disapprove missions, 137 obtain a footing at Macao, 137 secretly oppose Dutch traders, 137

Postal system, 206

Pottinger, Sir Henry, moderate conditions imposed by, at close of Opium War, 155, 156 his action compared with that of Commodore Perry, 156

Psychology, Chinese, its recognition of three souls, 22

Punishments, barbarous, abolished, 214

Putu, the sacred island of, 18 its monasteries, 18 prevalence of piracy in adjacent waters, 18

Page 321 Railways, King-Ran road completed to Hankow, 39 first grand trunk road, 39 good work of Belgian constructors, 39 influence of, on people and government, 40 questionable action of American company, 40 reforms in, 203

Rankin, Rev. Henry, with the author, the first white man to enter Hang-chow, 22

Reading-rooms (not libraries, but places for reading) a new institution, 216

Red-haired, the, a vulgar designation for Europeans, 151

Reed, Hon, W. B., American Minister to China, and the Arrow case, 165

Reforms in China, 196-218 Anti-foot-binding Society, 217 army, 201 customs, 206 educational, 213 Hart, Sir Robert, and, 206 legal, 204 merchant marine, 200 mining enterprises, 202 newspapers, 215 post office, 205 railways, 203 streets, 218 telegraph, 214 Tung-wen College and The Imperial University, 209-210 writing, 216

Reforms, unmentioned, 292, 301 a change of costume, 292 domestic slavery, 298 polygamy, 295

Religions, the three, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, their characteristic features, 107 each religion has a hierarchy, 109 "Hall of the Three Religions," 108

Ricci, after twenty years of effort, effects an entrance to Peking, 138

Rice, grown in all the provinces, 3

Richard, Dr. and the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 287

Richthofen, explorer, 58

River traffic, junks drawn by hundreds of coolies, 50

Rivers, the Yang-tse Kiang, 25 Hwang Ho, 41 Hingpo, 18 Pearl, 9 Kinsha, the "river of golden sands," 52 Min, 15

Roberts, Rev. Issachar, and the leader of the Tai-pings, 160 is invited to visit their court, 160

Rockhill, Mr., the American Minister, and missionary institutions, 266

Roman Catholic missionaries, dissensions in the ranks of, 143

Roosevelt, President, his efforts to end Russo-Japanese War, 193 Page 322 awarded Nobel peace prize, 193 interview with Dr. Martin on the subject of the Exclusion Laws and the boycott, 251

Rozhesvenski, Admiral, and the relief squadron for Port Arthur, 190-192

Russell, Mr., and the author captured by pirates, 18

Russia, compels Japan to evacuate Manchuria and occupies the same districts herself, 171 designs on Korea, 182 increases her forces in Manchuria during Boxer War, 182 obtains lease of Port Arthur, 174 schemes for conquest, 182, 183 surprised by Japan's commencement of the war, 184

Russo-Japanese War, the, 181-195

Sages of China, the, Confucius, 89-93 Lao-tse, 94 Mencius, 93-94

Saghalien, Island of, Japan and Russia to divide possession of, 192

Schaal, Father, is president of Astronomical Board, casts cannon, and builds churches in Peking, 143

Sea of Japan, Battle of, 191-192

Seng Ko Lin Sin (nicknamed "Sam Collinson" by British), Lama prince who heads northern armies against Tai-ping rebels, 59, 159 defeated by British and French before Peking, 59

Shang dynasty, founded by Shang-tang, 80 annals of, 80, 82 "made religion the basis of education," 82

Shanghai, one of the five treaty ports, 26 colleges and schools, newspapers and translation bureaux, 28 foreign Concessions, opulent business houses, and luxurious mansions, 27 leading commercial emporium, 26

Shang-ti and Tien, Roman Catholics and the terms, 143

Shangyang, a statesman of the Chou dynasty, converts the tenure of land into fee simple, 85

Shansi, province of, 54 prolific of bankers, 54 rich in agricultural and mineral resources, 54

Shantung, province of, 30-32 apples, pears, and peaches grown, 30 railway built by Germans from the sea to Tsinan-fu, 30

Shanyu, a forerunner of the Grand Khan of Tartary, 111

Page 323 Shaohing, city, in Chéhkiang province noted for its rice wine and lawyers, 23

Sheffield, Dr., president of Tung-chow College, 286

Shengking, province of Manchuria, 56

Shensi, province of, earliest home of the Chinese, 55 monument at Si-ngan commemorating the introduction of Christianity by Nestorians, 55

Shi-hwang-ti, real founder of the Chinese Empire, 102 devout believer in Taoism, 104 sends a consignment of lads and lasses to Japan, 103 though one of the heroes of history he is execrated for burning the writings of Confucius, 102

Shin-nung, "divine husbandman," mythical ruler, worshipped as the Ceres of China, 72

Shu-king, the, or "Book of History," one of the Five Classics edited by Confucius, 76

Shun, successor of Yao, rejects his own son and leaves throne to Ta-yü, 74

Shunteh-fu, American mission at, 40

Shun-ti, last monarch of the Yuen dynasty, 133

Si-ngan, city in Shensi, 55 capital of the Chous, 55 capital of the T'angs, 121 Empress Dowager takes refuge there, 42 monument commemorating the introduction of Christianity by Nestonans, 121

Sing Su Hai, "Sea of Stars," cluster of lakes in Tibet, 63

Siun Kien founds the state of Wu, 112

Siu-tsai, literary degree equivalent to A. B., 122

Smith, Dr. Arthur, and thanksgiving service at raising of siege of British Legation, Peking, 178

Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 266

Solatium to encourage honesty in public officials, 208

Spaniards, the, trade and relations with China, 137

St. John's College, Shanghai, 287

Stoessel, General, and his defence of Port Arthur, 188

"Strange Stories of an Idle Student," a popular work in Chinese depicting conditions prior to Opium War, 150-151

Streets, improvement in construction and protection of, 218

Sü of Shanghai, baptised by the name of Paul by Ricci, 138 his daughter Candida also baptised, 138

Suchow, in Kiangsu, the Paris of the Far East, 25 musical dialect, of, 26

Su Ts'in, the patient diplomat, whose reputation is ruined by his own passions, 99

Page 324 Sui dynasty, the, founded by Yan Kien, lasts less than thirty years, 117

Sundius, Mr., British consul at Wuhu, 227

Sung, one of the Nan-peh Chao, 116

Sung dynasty, founded by Chao-kwang-yun, 127 annals, 127-128 encroachment of the Tartars, 127 rise of a great school of philosophy, 127-129 Southern Sungs, 127

Superstitions of the Chinese, concerning wandering spirits, 21

Sven Hedin, explorer, 58

Swatow, Canton province, American Baptists' Mission at, 15

Szechuen, province of, 50-51 fratricidal wars under Ming dynasty, 51 great variety of climate, 51

Szema Ts'ien, the Herodotus of China, 110 barbarously treated by his people, 110

T'ai-kia, successor of Shang-tang, 80

Tai-ping Rebellion, the, a result of the Opium War, 156 details of, 157-162

Tai-pings, the, try to establish a new empire, the Tai-ping Tien-kwoh, 158 commonly called "Chang-mao," long-haired rebels, owing to their rejection of the tonsure and cue, 161 defeated by Gordon, 161 descend into the plains of Hunan, pillage three cities, and capture Nanking, massacring its garrison of 25,000 Manchus, 158-159 go into winter quarters, and, dividing their forces, are cut off in detail, 159 hold Nanking for ten years, 159 loose morals and travesty of sacred things horrify Christian world, 161 missionaries attracted by their profession of Christianity, 160 queer titles adopted by, 161 sympathy for their cause by Consul Meadows, 159 unsuccessfully attempt to drive the Manchus from Peking, 159

Tai-tsung, second emperor of the T'ang dynasty, 120

Taiyuan-fu, missionaries murdered at by the governor, 180

Ta-Ki, a wicked woman by whom Chou-sin is said to have been led into his evil courses, 81

Ta Kiang, "Great River," the Chinese name for the Yang-tse Kiang, 28

Taku, at the mouth of the Peiho, 33 capture of forts by British and French, repulse of allied forces in following year, 33

Page 325 Tamerlane, Mongolian origin of, 61 born in Turkestan, 61

Tanao, a minister of Hwang-ti, author of the cycle of sixty, 77

T'ang dynasty, founded by Li Yuen, 118 an Augustan age, 119 annals, 119-125

Tang Shao-yi, a Chinese, one of two ministers appointed to take charge of the entire customs service, 208

Tao Kwang, Emperor, resolves to put a stop to opium traffic, 152

Tartars, encroach on the Flowery Land, 117 suspicious of other foreigners, 151

Tartary, Grand Khan of, 111

Tatnall, Commodore, his kind action at Taku, 167

Ta-ts'ing dynasty, the, its annals, 140-145

Ta-yü, or Yu the Great, early emperor, subdues the waters of a deluge, 75 casts 9 brazen tripods, 79 departs from practice of his predecessors and leaves throne to his son, 76 devotes nine years to the dredging and diking of rivers, 75 his acts and reign, 78-79 monuments commemorating his labours, 75

Telegraph and telephone, introduction of, 204-205

Temples of Heaven, Earth and Agriculture, 36

Teng-chow College, founded by Dr. C. W. Mateer, 285

Tenney, Dr., and the University of Tientsin, 213

Text-books, prepared by missionaries—Edkins, Martin, Muirhead, Williamson and Wylie, 287-288

Theatre, the Chinese, 114

Three Kingdoms, the, states of Wei, Wu and Shuh, 112 Lo Kwan-chung, author of a historical novel, 113

Tibet, the land of the Grand Lama, 62 called by the Chinese "the roof of the world," 63 Chinese influence in is nearly nil, 62 explored by Huc and Gabet, 63 mother of great rivers, 63 polyandry prevalent, 63

Tieliang, a Manchu, one of two ministers appointed to take charge of the entire customs service, 208

Tien and Shang-ti, question among Catholics concerning the terms, 143

Tien Chu, substitution of, for Shang-ti repulsive to pious Chinese, 144

Tien Ho, "River of Heaven," Chinese term for the Milky Way, 63

Tién-hwang, Ti-hwang, and Jin-hwang, three mythical rulers who reigned eighteen thousand years each, 71

Page 326 Tiensheng, Chinese name for province of Yünnan 52

Tientsin, province of Chihli, rises anew from its half-ruined condition, 33 ranks as third of treaty ports, 34 treaties of, 166

Ti-hwang, Jin-hwang, and Tién-hwang, three mythical rulers, 71

Togo, Admiral, in Russo-Japanese War, 184, 185, 188, 191, 192

Tongking, French left in possession of, 170

Translators, corps of, Dr. John Fryer's prominent connection with, 288

Tsao Tsao founds the state of Wei, 112

Tsai Lun, inventor of paper 116

Ts'ang-Kié, the Cadmus of China, author of its written characters, 77

Ts'in dynasty, Yin Cheng brings the whole country under his sway and assumes title of Shi-Hwang-ti "Emperor First," 101 annals of, 101-104 builds Great Wall, 101 lasts for a century and a half, 116

Ts'in, Prince of, offers fifteen cities for a kohinoor, 98

Tsinan-fu, railway from the sea to, built by the Germans, 30

Tsin-shi, "Literary Doctor," degree of, 123

Tsungming, Island of, formed by the waters of the Yang-tse Kiang, 28 and Tunking coupled in popular proverb, 28

Tsushima, Battle of, 191-192

Tuan Fang, governor of Hupeh, 242-243 favourable specimen of a Manchu, 276

Tuan, Prince, father of the heir apparent, 174

Tufu, poet of the T'ang dynasty, 119

Tung-chi, Emperor, death of, 273

Tung-chou-kiun, last monarch of the Chou dynasty, 99

Turkestan, 3, 61 majority of the inhabitants Mohammedans, 61 most of the khanates absorbed by Russia, 61

Union Medical College, Peking, 285

Urga, Mongolia, a shrine for pilgrimage, 58

Uriu, Admiral, in Russo-Japanese War, 184

Verbiest, the Jesuit, made president of Board of Astronomy, 143

Wall, Great, see Great Wall

Wang Chao, invents new alphabet, 217

Ward, Frederick G., the American, and the Tai-ping rebellion, 160

Ward, Hon. J. E., American minister, proceeds to Peking by land, 167 Page 327 declines to kneel to Emperor, 168

Wei, one of the Nan-peh Chao, 116

Weihien, in Shantung, destined to become a railway centre, 30

Weihwei-fu, city on the border of Chihli and Honan, 41

Wensiang, success of Prince Kung's administration largely due to him, 277 contests with Tungsuin in extemporaneous verse, 277

Wen-ti, "patron of letters," a ruler of the house of Han, 107

Wen-wang, the real founder of the Chou dynasty, 84 encourages letters, 84 known as a commentator in the Yih-king, 84

Whales, the river near Hang-chow a trap for, 23

Wheat, produced in all the provinces, 3

Williams, Dr. S. Wells, takes charge of American Board printing press at Canton, 283 labours, 283 "The Middle Kingdom," 283

Witte, Count, and Portsmouth treaty, 193

Women in China, considered out of place in attempting to govern, 82

Writing, reform in, 216 new alphabet invented, 217

Wu, Empress, succeeds Kao-tsung and reigns for twenty-one years, 121

Wu Pa, the five dictators, 96

Wu San-kwei, a traitorous Chinese general, makes terms with the Manchus, 140-141

Wu Ti, Liang emperor, who became a Buddhist monk, 117

Wu-ti, "the five rulers," 71

Wu-ting-fang, Chinese minister at Washington, and legal reforms, 214

Wu-wang, the martial king, rescues the people from the oppression of the Shangs, 83

Xavier, St. Francis, arrives at Macao, is not allowed to land, and dies on the Island of St. John, 138

Yang, chief supporter of the leader of the Tai-pings, 157-158

Yang Chia Kow, called by foreign sailors "Yankee Cow," at the mouth of the Yellow River, 29

Yang-tse Kiang, possible Tibetan source of, 63 new islands made by, 28

Yan Kien, a Chinese general sets up the Sui dynasty, 117

Yao, type of an unselfish monarch, 73 astronomical observations, 76 passes by son in naming his successor, 73

Yeh, Viceroy, and the Arrow War, 162

Page 328 Yellow River, source of, 63 forsakes its old bed, 29

"Yellow ruler, the," reputed inventor of letters and the cycle of sixty years, 72

Yellow Sea, why so called, 28

Yermak, 182

Yu and Li, two bad kings of the house of Chou, 88

Yuen or Mongol dynasty 131-134

Yuen Shi Kai, Viceroy, preeminent in the work of reform, 212

Yungcheng, succeeds Kanghi and reigns fourteen years, 144

Yungloh, emperor of the Ming dynasty, 136 "Thesaurus of," 136

Yünkwei, viceregal district of, 15, 52

Yünnan, province of, 52, 53 coal measures and copper mines, 52 hundred tribes of aborigines within its borders, 52 unhealthful climate, 52