INDEX.

Acetic acid, 64, 98 Acid, arsenious, process, 231 or bisulphite processes, objections to, 74 boracic, 46 carbonic, 97 fluo-silicic, 175 hydrochloric, 55, 232 hypochlorous, 98 nitric, 66 nitrous, 66 nitro-hydrochloric, 64 oxalic, 98 processes, McDougall's boiler for, 72 sulphuric, 47, 99 anhydrous, 225 sulphurous, 55, 175 test, 224 test, preparation of, 225 treatment of wood, 64 Acids, action of, on cellulose, 2 Acicular fibres, 3 Action of acids on cellulose, 2 Adamsonia, 85 Adamson's process, 77 African esparto, 47 Agalite, 115 Agar-agar, 178 Agave Americana, 8 Alexandria rags, 21 Algerian esparto, 47 Alkali, caustic, 48 testing, 224 Alkalimeter, Mohr's, 223 Alkalimeters, 222 Alkalimetry, 221 Alkaline leys, boiling points of, 243 Alkalis, sampling, 227 Alum, 116 Alum, bleach liquor, 100 cake, estimation of alumina in, 233 concentrated, 119 crystallised, 119 liquor, 240 pearl, 119 porous, 167 Alumina, estimation of, in alum, &c., 233 sulphate of, 100 Aluminium, chloride of, 100 hypochlorite of, 100 Aluminous cake, 119 American combinations for colouring, 167 method of sizing, 123 ochre, 167 refining engines, Mr. Wyatt on, 103 system of soda recovery, 218 wood pulp, 60 Ammonia, 233 Ammoniacal water, 6 Andreoli's electrolytic bleaching process, 96 Anhydrous soda, 225 sulphuric acid, 225 Aniline blues, 166 reds, 166 sulphate of, 8 triethyl rose, 98 Animal size, preparation of, 120, 122 sized papers, 123 or tub-sizing, 122 Annotta, Spanish, 238 Antichlor, 109 Antique paper, 157 Apparatus, disintegrating, 72 evaporating, 205 Aqua regia, 66 Arnot, Mr., on beating-engines, 102 on finishing, 160 Arnot's method of alkali testing, 229 Artificial flowers, colouring paper for, 168 ultramarine, 238 Arsenious acid process, 231 Asbestos, 73, 115 Ash, black, 219 Aussedat's process, 63 Azure blue, 170 Back-water pump, Bertrams', 195 Bagging, old, 10 Balsam, Canada, 179 Baltic rags, 21 Bamboo cane, 10, 18 Bambusa vulgaris, 18 Banana fibre, 10 Bank-notes, water-marking, 147 Baobab, 85 Bark fibres, 6 oak, 166 paper mulberry, 10 Barre and Blondel's process, 66 Bast bagging, 10 Baumé's hydrometer, 242 Beakers, 222, 224 Beater, 37 Jordan, 103, 104 Kingsland, 104 Beating, 101 Dunbar's observations on, 102 engine, 103 Bertrams', 105 Forbes', 105 Umpherston's, 105 engines, Arnot on, 102 operations of, 107 or refining, 101 Belgian rags, 20 Bentley and Jackson's boiler, 80 cooling and damping rolls, 189 drum-washer, 185 dry felt self-acting regulator, 186 glazing calender, 155 rag-cutter, 24 engine, 38 single-cylinder machine, 153 web-ripping machine, 198 Benzine, 5, 77 Berlin blue, 168 Bertrams' back-water pump, 195 beating-engine, 105 conical pulp-saver, 144 damping-rolls, 155 edge-runner, 82 esparto-cleaner, 40 large paper machine, 134 rag boiler, 29 cutting-machine, 23 engine, 37 revolving strainer and knotter, 137 revolving knife-cutter, 162 reeling machine, 197 single-sheet cutter, 162 web-glazing calender, 196 willowing and dusting machine, 26 Beetroot refuse, 10 Beyrout rags, 21 Bichromate of potassa, 165 Binders' clippings, 10 Birch, 60 Bisulphite of lime, 71 magnesium, 70 process, Blitz's, 72 Francke's, 68 Graham's, 73 Mitscherlich's, 71 objections to, 74 Black ash, 219 calicoes, 20 cotton, 20 Frankfort, 171 lamp, 166 Blacks, 20 Bleach, 93 liquor, alum, 100 Wilson's, 100 zinc, 99 mixer, 92 pump, Donkin's, 193 Bleaching, 89 agent, 90 with chloride of lime, 92 chlorine gas, Glaser's process, 93 C. Watt, jun.'s, electrolytic process, 94 electrolytic, Andreoli's process, 96 Hermite's process, 96 esparto, 50 liquid, table showing quantity to be used, 244 liquor, 50, 91 preparation of, 92 Bleaching liquors, 3 Lunge's process of, 98 new method of, 100 operations, 89 powder, 92 estimation of chlorine in, 230 Fresenius' method, 231 Gay-Lussac's method, 231 Bleaching, sour, 91 Thompson's process, 97 Young's method, 100 Blending, 112 Blitz's process, 72 Blotting-papers, 21, 181 Blue, 166 azure, 170 Berlin, 168 Bremen, 170 cottons, 20 dark, 170 indigo, 166 linens, 20 mineral, 171 pale, 170 paper, 19 Paris, 169 Prussian, 165 rags, 19 smalts, 165 Blues, 20 aniline, 166 Boiler, Bentley and Jackson's, 80 Roeckner's, 45 Boiling, American, 60 esparto, 41 rags, 29 straw, 81 waste paper, 86 Boracic acid, 46 Borax, 169 Boxes, suction, 148 Brazil wood, 166 lake, 236 Breaking half-stuff, 39 points of paper, method of determining, 240 Breaking and washing, 34 Breast-roll, 149 Bremen blue, 170 "Broke" paper, 85 Bromine, 6 water, 6 Broom, 10 Broussonetia papyrifera, 18 Brown, 167 brown, dark, 170 reddish, 172 Bucking-keir, 88 Buckwheat straw, 10 Buff envelope, 167 Bunsen burner, 225 Burettes, 222 Calcined soda, 93 Calciner, 206 Calcium, acetate of, 98 chloride of, 109, 230 hypochlorite of, 3 salts, 99 Calender, glazing, 154 Calendering, 154 super, Mr. Wyatt on, 158 Calicoes, black, 20 Canada balsam, 179 Cane, bamboo, 10 rattan, 10 Caoutchouc, 73 Carbonate of lime, 119 magnesia, 46 potassa, 235, 236 soda, 31 Carbonell's esparto process, 46 Carbonic acid, 97 Carbonisation, 75 Cardboard, 182 with two faces by ordinary machinery, 182 work, 179 Carminated lake, 237 Carrageen moss, 178 Carrying tubes, 143 Castile soap, 121 Caustic alkali, 48 potash, 3, 7 soda, 31 ley, 31 table showing quantities of, in leys of different densities, 243 Causticising soda, 32, 205 tanks, 218 Cellulose, 1 action of acids on, 2 determination of, 5 of flax, 4 physical characteristics of, 3 white, 76 Chemical combination, 224 processes, 55 wood pulp, 54 Chilled-iron glazing-rolls, 156 China clay, 114 grass, 10 Chloride of aluminium, 100 calcium, 101, 230 lime, 47, 230 bleaching with, 92 testing samples of, 232 magnesium, 96 potassium, 95 sodium, 95, 109 zinc, 99 Chlorimeter, 232 Chlorimetry, 231 Chlorine, 2, 90, 232 gas, bleaching with, 93 in bleaching powder, estimation of, 230 test for, 110 Chrome, lemon, 170 orange, 166 yellow, 166 Cinnabar, 171 Citrate of tin, 169 Clarifier, Roeckner's, 199 Clay, China, 114 Clogging, 116 "Close" paper, 112 Cobalt, oxide of, 165 Cochineal, 121, 166 lake, 236 Colcothar, 170 Coloured cotton, 20 papers, 165 Colouring, 121 American combinations for, 167 materials, mixing, with pulp, 168 matters used in paper making, 166 paper for artificial flowers, 168 Commercial sodas, examination of, 221 Comparative cost of animal and engine sizing, estimate of, 128 French and English thermometer scales, 244 Composition for waterproof paper, 177 Concentrated alum, 119 Conical pulp-saver, 144 Cooling and damping rolls, Bentley and Jackson's, 189 Copal, white, 179 Copper, green, 170 hydrated oxide of, 175 sulphate, 146 Copperas, 165 Copying-paper, 120 Corchorus capsularis, 4 Cork, 180 paper, 180 Cost of animal and engine sizing, comparative estimate of, 128 Cotton fibre, 3 filaments of, 7 pieces, 20 rags, 10 seed waste, 10 oil soap, 121 superfine whites, 20 waste, 10 wool, 10 Cottons, blue, 20 outshot, 20 unbleached, 20 Coucher, 130 Couch-rolls, 149 Coupier and Mellier's process, 80, 84 Crop madder, 237 Crystallised alum, 119 Cupro-ammonium, 2, 174 Wright's process of preparing, 175 Cutting, 22, 161 machine, 23 Verny's, 187 Cutter, single-sheet, 162 Cutters, 22 Cylinder, drying, 185 machine, single, 152 washing, 193 Cylinders, drying, 151 Dalton's table showing proportion of dry soda in leys of different densities, 241 Damping-rolls, Bertrams', 155 Dandy-roll, 144 Deckle, 130 frame, 143 strap, 143 De la Rue's improvements in water-marks, 147 Determination of cellulose, 5 Determining the real value or percentage of commercial sodas, chloride of lime, &c., 221 Devil, Donkin's, 27 Dextrin, 2 Diana's process for making paper or cardboard with two faces by ordinary machinery, 182 Digester, 65 Disinfecting machine, 12 Disintegrating apparatus, 79 Doctor, the, 150 Donkin's bleach-mixer, 92 pump, 193 glazing machine, 157 press, 157 plate-planing machine, 191 rag boiler, 30 dusting machine, 26 washing cylinder for rag-engine, 193 Double crown, 164 demy, 164 royal, 164 Double-sized paper, 126 Drab, 167 Drainers, 39 Draining, 39 Dr. Mitscherlich's process, 71 Drum-washer, 34 Bentley and Jackson's, 185 Dry-felt regulator, self-acting, 186 Drying cylinder, 185 cylinders, 151 Dunbar's method of treating esparto, 48 observations on beating, 102 Duster, 26 Dusting, 26 Dutch grappe madder, 237 Dyers' wood waste, 10 Edge-runner, Bertrams', 82 Ekman's process, 70 Elastic fibres, 3 packing, 72 Electrolytic bleaching process, Andreoli's, 96 Hermite's, 96 C. Watt's, 94 Electrotypes for water-marking, 146 Engine, beating, 103 Bertrams', 105 Forbes', 105 Umpherston's, 105 Marshall's perfecting, 201 size, French method of preparing, 120 sizing, 115 Engines, beating, Mr. Arnot on, 102 refining, American, Mr. Wyatt on, 103 English green, 172 pink, 172 Envelope, buff, 167 orange-red gold, 167 yellow gold, 167 Eosine, 166 Equivalents, chemical, 224 Esparto, African, 47 Algerian, 47 bleaching, 50 boiler, Sinclair's, 42, 43 boiling, 41 cleaner, Bertrams', 40 Dunbar's treatment of, 48 fibre, 4 Gabes, 47 grass, 10, 16 Mallary's process for, 46 Oran, 47 picking, 40 preliminary treatment of, 40 Carbonell's process for, 46 Sfax, 47 Spanish, 47 Susa, 47 Tripoli, 47 washing boiled, 49 willowing, 41 Young's process for boiling, 50 Estimation of alumina in alum cake, &c., 233 of chlorine in bleaching powder, 230 of commercial sodas, 221 Eucalyptus, oil of, 178 Evaporating apparatus, 205 Evaporator, esparto, 206 Porion's, 208 Roeckner's, 206 Yaryan's, 208 Evaporators, American, 61, 208 Examination of commercial sodas, 221 Feebly-ribbed, or smooth fibres, 5 Felt, 72, 101 Felting, 131 Fern leaves, 10 Ferrocyanide of potassium, 165 Fibre, banana, 10 cotton, 3 esparto, 4 flax, 7 hemp, 8 jute, 4, 8 linen, 4 Manilla, 4 sulphite, and resin, 76 yellow pine, 4 Fibres, acicular, 3 bark, 6 elastic, 3 round-ribbed, 5 smooth, or feebly-ribbed, 5 spiral, 8 straw, 4 various, treatment of, 80 vegetable, micrographic examination of, 5 vegetable, recognition of, by the microscope, 6 Fibrous waste, 11 Finished paper, packing the, 163 Finishing, 157 Arnot on, 160 house, 163 and sizing, 132 First press-roll, 150 Flask, 227 Flax, cellulose of, 4 fibre, or linen, 7 New Zealand, 8, 10 tow, 11 waste, 10 Flocks, 73 Florence lake, 237 Foolscap, 164 Forbes' beating-engine, 105 Foreign rags, 20 Fourdrinier machine, 133 Francke's bisulphite process, 68 Frankfort black, 169 French and English thermometer scales, comparative, 244 measure of volume, 245 rags, 20 weights and measures, table of, 245 Fresenius' method of estimating bleaching powder, 231 Friction-glazing, 157 Fridet and Matussière's process, 66 Furnace, incinerating, 208 Fustians, 20 Fustic, 169 Gabes esparto, 47 Gaine's process for making parchment paper, 182 Gamboge, 169 Gas, chlorine, bleaching with, 93 receiver, 65 Gay-Lussac's method of estimating bleaching powder, 231 German rags, 21 Glaser's process for bleaching with chlorine gas, 93 Glauber's salt, 109 Glazing calender, 154 press, Donkin's, 157 rolls, chilled-iron, 156 web, 154 Glucose, 2 Glue pieces, 122 stock, 124 Glycerin, 120 Graham's process, 73 Grass, China, 10 esparto, 10, 16 sea, 11 Green, copper, 170 English, 172 pale, 170 Schweinfurth, 171 Grey linens, 20 Ground madder, 237 wood pulp, 85 Guillotine rag-cutter, 24 Gum arabic, 169 sandarac, 179 tragacanth, 168 Gunny, 20 bags, 10 Gutta-percha, 147 Half jute and linen, 20 stuff, 39, 101 breaking, 39 Hemp fibre, 8 Manilla, 4, 10 sizal, 8 tarred, 20 waste, 10 white, 20 Hermite's electrolytic bleaching process, 96 High-pressure boiler, 63 Hollander, or rag-engine, 34, 129 Home rags, 20 Hop-bines, 10 Hydrate of soda, 225 Hydrated oxide of copper, 175 Hydro-cellulose, 1 Hydrochloric acid, 55, 232 Hydro-extractor, 94 Hydrometer, Baumé's, 242 Twaddell's, 238 Hypochlorite of aluminium, 100 calcium, 3 lime, 92, 98, 230 soda, 8 sodium, 96 Hypochlorous acid, 98 Hyposulphite of soda, 110 Iodide of potassium, 111 Imitation Manilla pulp from wood, 239 Imperial, 164 Incinerating furnace, 208 Indiarubber, vulcanised, 223 Indigo, 98, 166 sulphate of, 232 Ink, lithographic, 180 Introduction of wood pulp, 17 Irish moss, 178 Iron, oxide of, 34 Iron, pernitrate of, 165 sulphate of, 170 Isinglass, 179 Japanese paper, new, 180 Jordan's beating engine, 103, 104 Jouglet's process for waterproof paper, 177 Jute fibre, 4, 8 Manilla, &c., 84 spinners' waste, 20 waste, 10, 20 Kaolin, 114, 182 Keegan's process, 59 Killing the colour, 121 Kingsland beating-engine, 104 Knife, revolving, 161 Knotter and strainer, revolving, 137 Kollergang, or edge-runner, 82 Lac lake, 237 Laid paper, 130 Lake, Brazil-wood, 236 carminated, 237 cochineal, 236 Florence, 237 lac, 237 madder, 237 orange, 238 scarlet, 171 Lakes, preparation of, 235 Lamp-black, 166, 169 Leaching, 218 tanks, 218 Lead, nitrate of, 167 white, 171 Leather waste, 11 Leghorn rags, 21 Lemon chrome, 170 Leys, alkaline, boiling point of, 243 of different densities, table showing quantities of caustic soda in, 243 Lime, bisulphite of, 71 carbonate of, 119 chloride of, 23, 47, 110 bleaching with, 92 testing, 232 hypochlorite of, 92, 98, 230 milk of, 33, 72, 110 sulphate of, 100 Limed skins, 122 Linen, 4 fibre, 4 or flax fibre, 7 pieces, 20 rags, 10 waste, 10 Linens, blue, 20 extra fine, 20 grey, 20 strong, 20 white, 20 Liquor, bleaching, preparation of, 92 Liquors, bleaching, 3 spent, recovery of soda from, 218 Lithographic ink, 180 paper, 180 Litmus paper, 183 Lixiviation, 75 Loading, 114 Logwood, 166 Long measure, French, 246 Lunge's bleaching process, 9 Machine, Bentley and Jackson's perfecting, 201 web-ripping, 198 Bertrams' large paper, 13 rag-cutting, 23 reeling, 197 web-glazing, 196 willowing and dusting, 26 disinfecting, 12 Donkin's plate-planing, 191 rag-dusting, 23 Fourdrinier, 133 rag-cutting, 23 roll-bar planing, 191 single-cylinder, 152 web-winding, 188 sizing, 126 Verny's paper-cutting, 187 wire and its accessories, 142 Yankee, 152 Machinery, making paper by, 133 used in paper-making, 184 Machines, wet, 57 Madder, Dutch, 237 ground, 237 lake, 237 Magnesia, carbonate of, 46 sulphate of, 46 Magnesian limestone, 69 Magnesite, 46, 70 Magnesium, bisulphite of, 70 chloride of, 96 Maize husks and stems, 10 Making the paper, 130 paper or cardboard with two faces by ordinary machinery, 182 paper by hand, 129 machinery, 133 Mallary's process for esparto, 46 Manganese, peroxide of, 94 Manilla fibre, 4 hemp, 4, 10 jute, &c., 84 paper, 85 Manilla, imitation, from wood pulp, 239 Manning winder, 159 Maori-prepared phormium, 8 Materials, raw, 10 used in paper-making, 9 Marking, water, 146 Marshall's perfecting engine, 201 McDougall's boiler for acid processes, 72 Mechanical processes, 78 wood pulp, 113 Voelter's process of preparing, 78 Megass, or cane trash, 10 Mellier's process, 84 Method of sizing, American, 123 Metrical system, weights and measures of, 245 Micrographic examination of vegetable fibres, 5 Microscope, recognition of vegetable fibres by, 6 Midfeather, 35 Milk of lime, 33, 72, 110 Millboard, 175, 182 Mincing the fibre, 102 Mineral blue, 171 orange, 166 Miscellaneous papers, 174 Mixed fines, 20 prints, 20 Mixing colouring materials with pulp, 168 Mohr's alkalimeter, 223 Molasses, 180 Morfit's process for toughening paper, 178 Morocco papers, stains for, 171 Mucilage, 94 Mustard oil, 46 stems, 10 Nascent chlorine, 96 Netting, old, 11 New Japanese paper, 180 method of bleaching, 100 New rags, 20 New Zealand flax, 8, 10 Nitric acid, 66 Nitro-hydrochloric acid, 64 Nitrous acid, 66 Notes and tables, 235 Nutgalls, 166 Nuttall's rag-cutter, 24 Oak-bark, 166 Oakum, 11 Objections to the acid or bisulphite process, 74 Ochre, American, 167 yellow, 165, 166 Oil, boiled, 179 cotton-seed, soap, 121 of eucalyptus, 178 linseed, 179 mustard, 46 resin, 178 of turpentine, 179 of vitriol, 100 Oiled paper, 180 Old bagging, 10 bast bagging, 10 canvas, 10 netting, 11 rope, 10 style, 157 Operation of beating, 107 Oran esparto, 47 Orange chrome, 166 lake, 238 mineral, 166 red gold envelope, 167 yellow, 171 Organic acid, 99 Outshot cottons, 20 Outshots (whites), 20 Overhaulers, 22 Oxalic acid, 98 Oxide of cobalt, 165 iron, 34 zinc, 99 Packing the finished paper, 163 Pale blue, 170 Panels, millboard, 175 Pasteboard, 179 Paper, animal-sized, 123 antique, 157 blotting, 21, 181 blue, 19 breaking points of, method of determining, 240 "broke," 85 or cardboard with two faces made by ordinary machinery, 182 colouring, for artificial flowers, 168 copying, 120 cork, 180 cutting machine, Verny's, 187 double sized, 126 hand-made, 129 new Japanese, 180 machine, Bertrams' large, 134 Fourdrinier's, 133 Yankee, 152 making by hand, 129 by machinery, 133 machinery used in, 184 materials used in, 9 manilla, 85 imitation manilla, from wood, 239 Morfit's process for toughening, 178 mulberry, 18 bark, 10 oiled, 180 old style, 157 parchment, 181 shavings, 58 sizes of, 164 strength of, 240 Parkinson's contrivance for determining, 240 toned, 165 toughening, 178 tracing, 179 transparent, 179 turmeric, 183 varnished, 179 vegeto-mineral, 115 waste, 85 boiling, 86 Ryan's process for treating, 87 water-marked, 130 waterproof, 174 Jouglet's process, 177 for windows, 181 coloured, 165 miscellaneous, 174 Morocco, stains for, 171 printing, 164 satin, stains for, 172 test, 183 wrapping, 178 writing, 164 Parchment liquor, 171 paper, 181 shavings, 171 Paris blue, 169 Parker and Blackman's disinfecting machine, 12 Parting, 131 Partington's process, 71 Pearl alum, 119 Pearlash, 238 Pearl hardening, 114 Peat, 10 Pectin, 6 Pectose, 6 Perchloride of tin, 236 Perfecting engine, Marshall's, 201 Pernitrate of iron, 165 Peroxide of manganese, 94 Petroleum, 178 Phormium tenax, 8 Physical characteristics of cellulose, 3 Picking esparto, 40 Pictet and Brélaz's process, 64 Pieces, cotton, 20 linen, 20 Pink, 166 English, 172 Plate-glazing, 157 calender, reversing, 191 planing machine, 190 Poplar, 10, 60 Porion's evaporator, 208 Porous alum, 167 Potash, 74 carbonate of, 235 caustic, 3, 7 yellow prussiate of, 165 Potassa, carbonate of, 235 Potassium, chloride of, 95 iodide of, 111 ferrocyanide of, 165 Potcher, 37 Poucher, 39 Poumarède and Figuier's process for parchment paper, 181 Preliminary operations, 19 treatment of esparto, 40 Preparation of animal size, 122 bleaching liquor, 92 lakes, 235 test acid, 225 Press, glazing, Donkin's, 157 Press-rolls, 150 Presse-pâte, 51 Printing-paper, 103 papers, 164 Prints, light, 20 mixed, 20 Process, Adamson's, 77 American wood pulp, 60 Andreoli's electrolytic bleaching, 96 arsenious acid, 231 Aussedat's, 63 Barre and Blondel's, 66 Blitz's, 72 Carbonell's esparto, 46 Coupier and Mellier's, 80 C. Watt's electrolytic bleaching, 94 Diana's, for making paper with two faces by ordinary machinery, 182 Dr. Mitscherlich's, 71 Eckman's, 70 Francke's bisulphite, 68 Fridet and Matussière's, 66 Gaine's, for making parchment paper, 182 Graham's, 73 Hermite's electrolytic bleaching, 96 Jouglet's, for preparing waterproof paper, 177 Keegan's, 59 Lunge's bleaching, 98 Mallary's esparto, 46 Mellier's, 84 Morfit's, 178 Partington's, 71 Pictet and Brélaz's, 64 Poumarède and Figuier's, 181 retting, 129 Ritter and Kellner's, 71 Ryan's, 87 Scoffern and Tidcombe's, 174 Sinclair's, 58 Thompson's, 97 Thune's, 79 Voelter's, 78 Watt and Burgess's, 55 Wright's, 175 Young's, 50 Young and Pettigrew's, 66 Processes, acid or bisulphite, objections to, 74 McDougall's boiler for, 72 chemical, 55 mechanical, 78 sulphide, 77 sulphite, 68 Prussian blue, 165 Prussiate of potash, 165 Pulp, ground wood, 85 long-fibred, 111 mechanical wood, 113 mixing colouring matter with, 168 rag, 72 Pulp saver, 143 conical, 144 strainers, 137 Bertrams' revolving, 137 Roeckner's, 140 Pulp, sulphite, 68, 160 wood, American, 60 first introduced by Mr. C. Watt, 17 imitation Manilla from, 239 Pump, vacuum, 149 Quercitron, 166 Rag bagging, 11 boiler, Bertrams', 29 Donkin's, 30 cutter, Nuttall's, 24 cutting-machine, Bertrams', 23 Donkin's, 26 engine, 34 Bentley and Jackson's, 38 Bertrams', 37 pulp, 72 Rags, 11 Alexandria, 21 Baltic, 21 Belgian, 20 Beyrout, 21 blue, 19 boiling, 29 cotton, 10 country, 21 disinfecting, 12 foreign, 20 French, 20 German, 21 home, 20 Leghorn, 21 linen, 10 new, 20 Russian, 21 sorting, 19 treatment of, 19 Trieste, 21 Turkey, 21 woollen, 21 Rattan cane, 10 Raw materials, 10 Recognition of vegetable fibres by the microscope, 6 Recovery of soda, American system, 218 from spent liquor, 204 Red, cherry, 170 dark, 170 litmus paper, 183 ochre, 172 pale, 171 Turkey, 170 Venetian, 166 Reds, aniline, 166 Reeds, 10 Reeling machine, Bertrams', 197 Refining or beating, 101 engine, 159 Jordan's, 103 engines, American, Mr. Wyatt on, 103 Regulating box, 136 Resin, 6, 115 oil, 178 size, 118 soap, 116 Resinous soaps, 179 Retree, 85, 164 Retting, 4 process of, 129 Reversing or plate-glazing calender, 190 Revolving knife, 161 cutter, 162 strainer and knotter, 137 Rhamnus catharticus, 169 Ritter and Kellner's process, 71 Roeckner's boiler, 45 clarifier, 199 evaporator, 206 pulp strainers, 140 Roll-bar planing machine, 191 Rolls, couch, 149 press, 150 smoothing, 151, 152 Rope, 20 bagging, 20 hard, 20 tarred, 20 white, 20 Round-ribbed fibres, 5 Royal, 164 Russian rags, 21 Ryan's process for treating waste paper, 87 Sailcloth, 11 Salt of tartar, 235 Sampling alkalies, 227 Sandarac, gum, 179 Sand-table, 136 tables, 149 trap, 50, 136 Sap green, 169 Satin papers, stains for, 172 Save-all, 143 Sawdust, 10 Scarlet lake, 171 Schweinfurth green, 171 Scoffern and Tidcombe's process for waterproof paper, 174 Sea grass, 11 Seaweeds, 178 Second press-roll, 150 Seconds rags, 20 Seconds, whites, 20 Self-acting dry felt regulator, 186 cleansing strainer, 139 Separating tank, 61 Setting, 174 Settling of the pulp, 131 Sfax esparto, 47 Shavings, paper, 58 parchment, 171 wood, 10, 55 Shoddy, 11 Silk cocoon waste, 11 Silver white, 173 Sinclair's esparto boiler, 42, 43 process, 58 Single-cylinder machine, 152 Single-sheet cutter, 162 web-winding machine, 188 Sizal, or sisal hemp, 8 Size, animal, preparation of, 122 engine, French method of preparing, 120 resin, 118 Sizes of paper, 164 Sizing, 115 American method of, 123 and finishing, 132 machine, 126 tub or animal, 122 Mr. Wyatt's remarks on, 127 zinc soaps in, 121 Skip, 153 Small post, 164 Smalts blue, 121, 165 Smoothing presses, three-roll, 194 rolls, 151, 152 Soap, Castile, 121 cotton-seed oil, 121 resin, 116 Soaps, zinc, in sizing, 121 Soda, anhydrous, 225 ash, 31, 227 calcined, 93 carbonate, 31 caustic, 31 table showing the quantities of leys of different densities, 243 dry, Dalton's table, showing the proportion of, in leys of different densities, 241 hydrate of, 225 hypochlorite of, 8 hyposulphite of, 110 ley, caustic, 31 recovery of, 104 recovery of, American system of, 218 solutions, caustic, table showing strength of, 241 sulphite of, 110 thiosulphite of, 110, 233 Sodas, commercial, examination of, 221 Sodium, chloride of, 95, 109 hypochlorite of, 96 thiosulphite of, 233 Sorting rags, 19, 22 Sour bleaching, 91 Souring, 99 Spanish annotta, 238 esparto, 47 Spent liquors, recovery of soda from, 204 liquors, 218 Spiral fibres, 8 Spruce, 60 Stable manure, 11 Staining power of ultramarines, 240 Stains for Morocco papers, 171 satin papers, 172 Standard test-acid solution, 225 Starch paste, 117 Strainer and knotter, Bertrams' revolving, 137 self-cleansing, 139 Strainers, 57, 137 Roeckner's pulp, 140 Straw, 16 boiling, 81 buckwheat, 10 fibres, 4 wheat, 10 Strength of paper, determination of, 240 Strings, 20 Strong linens, 20 Stuff-chests, 57, 112, 136 pump, 136 Sturtevant blower, 60 Suction boxes, 148 Sulphate of alumina, 100 aniline, 8 copper, 146 indigo, 232 iron, 170 lime, 100 magnesia, 46 zinc, 99, 119 Sulphide processes, 77 Sulphite fibre, 76 and resin, 76 processes, 68 pulp, 68 of soda, 110 wood pulp, 160 Sulphur, 72, 225 Sulphuric acid, 47, 91, 99 anhydrous, 225 Sulphurous acid, 175 gas, 55 Super-calendering, 157 American, Mr. Wyatt on, 157 Superfine white cotton, 20 Superfines, white, 20 Supply-box, 136 Surface-sizing, 122 Susa esparto, 47 Table of boiling points of alkaline leys, 243 French and English thermometer scales, 244 French weights and measures, 245 showing proportion of dry soda in leys of different densities, 241 showing the quantity of bleaching liquid to be used, 244 showing the quantity of bleach liquor required to be added to weaker liquors, 244 showing the quantity of caustic sodas in leys of different densities, 243 showing the specific gravity corresponding with the degrees of Baumé's hydrometer, 242 of strength of caustic soda solutions, 241 of weights and measures of the metrical system, 245 Tables and notes, 235 sand, 149 Tan waste, 10 Tarpaulin, 11, 77 Tarred hemp, 20 rope, 20 string, 20 Tartar, salts of, 235 Tea colour, 167 Test acid, preparation of, 224, 225 for chlorine, 110 liquor, 232 papers, 183 Testing chloride of lime, 232 ultramarines, 239 Thermometer scales, comparative French and English, 244 Thiosulphite of soda, 110 sodium, 233 Thirds, whites, 20 Thompson's bleaching process, 97 Three-roll smoothing process, 194 Thune's process, 79 Tiles, paper, 175 Tin, citrate of, 169 perchloride of, 236 Tobacco stalks, 10 Toned paper, 165 Torrance's drainer, 39 Toughening paper, 178 Tracing paper, 179 Tragacanth, gum, 168 Transparent paper, 179 Treatment of esparto, 40 rags, 19, 29 various fibres, 80 wood, 53, 68 Triethyl rose aniline, 98 Tripoli esparto, 47 Tub-sizing, 122 Turmeric paper, 183 Turkish minium, 170 Turkey rags, 21 red, 170 Turpentine, oil of, 179 Venice, 179 Twaddell's hydrometer, 238 Ultramarine, 121, 165 artificial, preparation of, 238 Ultramarines, staining power of, 240 testing, 239 Umpherston's beating-engine, 105 Unbleached cottons, 20 Vacuum pumps, 149 Vanadate of ammonia, 72 Various fibres, treatment of, 80 Varnished paper, 179 Varrentrapp's zinc bleach liquor, 100 Vat for hand paper-making, 129 Vegetable fibres, micrographic examination of, 5 Vegetable fibres, recognition of, by the microscope, 6 Vegeto-mineral paper, 115 Venetian red, 166 Venice turpentine, 179 Verdigris, 169 Verny's paper-cutting machine, 187 Violet, 171 dark, 172 light, 171 Vitriol, oil of, 57, 90, 106 Voelter's process for preparing mechanical wood pulp, 78 Volumetric assaying, 224 Vulcanised india-rubber, 223 Vulcanite, 148 Washing, American, 61 boiled esparto, 49 and breaking, 34 engine, 37 cylinder for rag-engine, 193 Waste, cotton, 10 cotton-seed, 10 flax, 10 hemp, 10 jute, 10 linen, 10 liquors, recovery of soda from, 204 paper, 10, 85 boiling, 86 Ryan's process for, 87 tan, 10 Water-marked paper, 130 Water-marking, 146 Water-marks, De la Rue's improvements in, 147 Waterproof composition for paper, 177 paper, 174 for flooring, 177 Jouglet's process, 177 for roofing, 177 Watt and Burgess's wood-paper process, 55 Watt's electrolytic bleaching process, 94 Wax, 6, 120 soap, 169 Web-glazing, 154 calender, Bertrams', 196 Web-ripping machine, 198 Weights and measures, French table of, 245 Weights and measures of the metrical system, 245 Wet machines, 57 White cellulose, 76 copal, 179 hemp, 20 lead, 171 linens, 20 Willow and duster, Bertrams', 25 Masson, Scott, and Co.'s, 40 Willowing, 24 esparto, 41 Wilson's bleach liquor, 100 Winding machine, single-web, 188 Wood, acid treatment of, 64 fibre, 53 paper, Watt's patent for, 17 pulp, American method of preparing, 60 pulp, chemical, 54 mechanical, 113 shavings, 10, 55, 77 pulp, sulphite, 160 treatment of, 53, 68 pulp, Voelter's mechanical process for preparing, 78 waste, dyers', 10 Woollen rags, 21 Wrapping papers, 178 Wright's process for preparing cupro-ammonium, 175 Writing papers, 164 Wyatt, Mr., on American refining engines, 103 on American super-calendering, 157 Wyatt, Mr., on sizing, 127 Xyloidin, 67 Yankee machine, 152 Yaryan evaporator, 208 Yellow chrome, 166 gold envelope, 167 lake, 238 ochre, 165, 166 pale, 172, 173 pine fibre, 4 Young's method of bleaching, 100 Young and Pettigrew's process, 66 Young's process for cleaning esparto, 50 Zinc bleach liquor, 99 chloride of, 99 oxide of, 99, 100 salts, 100 soaps in sizing, 121 sulphate of, 99, 119 Zostera marina, 11

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