INDEX
Reading edition
Abutments, leaning, 82, 173
— movements of, 158
— settlement of, 78
Adjustment of centre girders, 128
— of distributing girders, 120
Angular distortions, 88
Arches, equilibrium of, 162
— repair of, 163
Arrangement of cross girders, 21, 175
Asphalt, 26
Ballast, 29
Bearing pressure on rivets, 47, 51, 57
Bearings, skew, 4
Bottom booms, end bays, 18
Bracing, additional, 117
— effects of, 34
— flat bars, 37
— incomplete, 41
— sea piers, 42
Bridge floors, 20
— repairs, 107
— surveys, 107
Bridges, life of, 165
Breaks in T bars, 16
Buckling of webs, 16
Camber, 24, 80
Cast-iron arches, 80, 145
— — bridges, 141
— — columns, 7,144
— — girders, 141
— — in sea water, 101
Centre girders, 122
Cinder ballast, 29
Cold-blast iron, 141
Cooling stresses in cast iron, 145
Construction depth, 173
Corrugated sheeting, 29
Cost of centre girders, 135
— of maintenance, 168
Counterbracing, 19
Cracked bedstones, 3
— columns, 7
— web plates, 13, 14, 15, 50
Cross girder arrangement, 21
— girders, fixed ends, 22, 118
— — rusted, 29, 97
— — weak, 30, 66
Decay and painting, 96
— of floor plates, 109
— of timber, 28, 150
Deflection, 85
— due to booms and web, 86
— exceptional cases, 88
— in new and old work, 85
— working formulæ, 87
Deformations, 73
Depth of girders, 23, 89, 184
Diagonal ties, 19, 42
Distortion due to temperature changes, 79, 84
Distributing girders, 120
Drainage holes, 25
“Drop” loads, 89
Dwarf walls under floors, 26
Early steel girders, 68
Economy, 184
Effect of earth slips, 157
— of floor on deflection, 88
— — — on stresses, 23, 30
— of high stress, 86
— of permanent way on stresses, 18
—of skew on bridge floors, 25
— — — on centre girders, 131
— of transverse bracings, 34
— of vibration on masonry, 162
— of wave action on sea piers, 42
End bays, bottom booms, 18
Equilibrium of masonry arches, 162
Examination of bridges, 107
Examples of cast-iron bridges overstressed, 141
— of high stress, 70
— of life of bridges, 167
— of rivet stress, 56
— of strengthening, 114
— — — by centre girders, 131, 134
Excessive bearing pressure, 51
Faulty workmanship, 80
Fixed ends to cross girders, 22, 118
Flange stresses, 63, 66, 67
Flanges, side loaded, 9, 73
Flat bar bracing, 37
Flexing of girders, 9, 74, 76
Flexure curves, 138
Fractured bedstones, 3
— rails, 30
— webs, 13, 14, 15, 50
Fractures in cast iron, 7, 145
Girder bearings, 2
Girders on columns, 7
— on masonry, 8
Girderwork in masonry, 101
Headway, 173
High stress, 61
— in cast iron, 141
— in rivets, 47, 52
Holes for drainage, 25
Impact, 20, 62
Inclination of girder ends, 23, 53
Incomplete bracing, 41
Initial set, 88
Interference with traffic, 177
Jack arches, 29, 101
Joints in rails, 29, 109
— in trough floors, 28, 180
Junction between metallic and masonry bridges, 183
— — new and old masonry bridges, 182
— — new and old metallic bridges, 180
Lattice girder stresses, 47-66
Liberal depth to girders, 23, 89, 184
Life of bridges, 165
Limit of elasticity, 61
Linen tapes, 172
Longitudinal floor girders, 23
Loose rivets, 21, 25, 51, 53, 56, 109
Main girders, 9-17
Masonry bridges, 157
— enduring character of, 161
Memel timber, 150
Methods of calculation, 46, 61
— of observing deflection, 90
— of setting out deflection curves, 138
Movements of abutments, 158
— of cast-iron bridge, 82
— of piers, 42, 83, 159
— of rollers, 7
— of wrought-iron bridges, 4, 21, 38, 73
New members to old work, 116
Oiling steelwork, 99
Old drawings unreliable, 108
— rivets, 21, 51, 54, 55
Open webs, 17
Overhead bracing, 39
— girders, 118
Painting, 98
Parapets, 79
Permissible stress in old work, 110
Piers, movements of, 42, 83, 159
— out of plumb, 159
Piles, decay of, 102, 150
Pitch pine, 28
Plasticity, 61
Plate webs, 9
Plated floors, 23, 25, 30
Pointing masonry, 164
Proposed rivet stresses, 58
Quickly applied loads, 89
Rail joints, 29, 109
Rails, breaks in, 30
Reaction of cross girder with centre support, 127
Red-lead, 98, 100
Relative merits of bridges, 169
Relief by centre girders, 122
Repainting, 100
Repair of bridges, 107, 147, 155, 163
— of timber piles, 156
Replacing flange plates, 110
— rivets, 111
Resistance of cast iron to rust, 101
Riveted connections, 45, 86
Rivets in cramped positions, 20
— in cross girder ends, 21, 49, 53, 54
— in road bridges, 60
— in webs of main girders, 46
— spacing of, 60, 80
— stresses in, 56
Rocking of piers, 8, 83, 159
Roller bearings, 7
Rubble masonry, 161-164
Running load and deflection, 95
Rusting, instances of, 29, 96
— of steelwork, 99
— over sea-water, 98
Sag in timber bridges, 150
— of tapes, 172
Scour under piers, 161
Sea piers, 42, 102
Setting bedstones, 3, 129, 176
Settlements, 76, 157
Skew bearings, 4
— bridges, right and left, 173
— — floors, 25
Skirting plate, 26
Slope of girder ends, 92
Softening of cast-iron in sea-water, 101
Spacing of rivets, 60, 79
Spread of abutments, 157
Spring joints, 23
Steel trough girders, 68
— troughing, 70
Stiffening girders from floor, 12, 40
— to webs, 16, 38, 185
Stop piers, 158
Strength of light top booms, 40
Strengthening of bridges, 107, 122
— bridge floors, 118
— cross girders, 123
Stress in plated floors, 31
Study of old bridges, 185
Tall piers, 42, 159
Timber bridges, 149
— floors, 27
— staging, 177
Top booms, 18
Traffic during reconstruction, 177
Transverse bracing, 34, 117
Trough floors, 27, 180
— girders, 50, 74
T stiffeners, breaks in, 16
Twin girders, 15, 75
Twisting of girders, 11, 68, 73
— — — corrected, 12
Types of reconstruction, 174
U-shaped booms, 18
Uncomplicated stress, 62
Uniform pressure on bearings, 6
Value of E in deflection formulæ, 87
Vibration, 162
Wasted webs, 14, 29, 96
Water, scour of, 161
Web buckling, 16
— plates, cracked, 13, 14, 15, 50
— rivets, 46, 50
— stiffening, 16, 38, 185
Widening masonry bridges, 182
— metallic bridges, 179
Wide spaced rivets, 79
Wind pressure, 41, 43
Yielding of piers, 8, 83, 159
LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W., AND DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E.