I (continued 3)

Unity, Church.—The most apparent, most manifest teaching of Holy Scripture is the unity or oneness of the Church of Christ. It was for this our Lord prayed, "That they all may be one; as Thou, Father, art in Me, and I in Thee, that they also may be one in us: that the world may believe that Thou hast sent Me" (St. John 17:25). We have in these words declared the purpose of such unity, viz.: "that the world may believe." So, also, St. Paul wrote, "Endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one Body and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one {264} Faith, one Baptism, one God and Father of all" (Ephesians 4:3-6). Again, in the New Testament the Church is called the Body of Christ, the kingdom of heaven, the Bride, and its people are declared to be branches of the one Vine Jesus Christ Himself. "The great thought running through all the New Testament descriptions of the Church is that of the Church's unity in itself through its union with Christ the Head." There is not the slightest warrant in the Bible for the present state of our divided Christianity, which is simply the result of sin and man's waywardness. This truth is becoming more and more realized among many earnest and thoughtful men in all religious bodies and they are longing and praying for the Reunion of Christendom. This desire has also developed a study of Church History which heretofore has been a much neglected department of Christian knowledge. This more general study of the history of the Church has already been productive of the greatest good. It has given men broader views and a clearer conception of that kingdom of grace, of which Christ is the Head and which is to be the one, living witness whereby the world may be brought to believe that the Divine Father hath sent His Son to be the world's Saviour. For this blessed consummation many earnest and devout men in all places and in almost every communion are using daily the following beautiful

PRAYER FOR UNITY.

"O Lord Jesus Christ, who saidst unto Thine Apostles, Peace I leave with you, My Peace I give unto you: Regard not our sins, but the faith of Thy {265} Church; and grant her that Peace and Unity, which is agreeable to Thy Will, Who livest and reignest with the Father and the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end. Amen."

(See UNDIVIDED CHURCH.)

Unleavened Bread.—From time immemorial the bread used in the Holy Communion has generally been unleavened, or wafer bread as it is sometimes called, from its shape, being made round like a wafer. Unleavened bread is used from a sense of reverence, using something specially made for so holy a purpose, and also because unleavened bread is not so likely to crumble as ordinary bread. It is also believed that this was undoubtedly the kind of bread our Lord used when He instituted the Blessed Sacrament.

Use.—This is an ecclesiastical term to designate the Liturgy or Prayer-book peculiar to any Diocese or national Church and differing from other Liturgies in minor details. For example, in the early ages of the English Church there were different "uses," or customs, such as the Salisbury or "Sarum Use "; meaning the Prayer-book set forth by Osmond in A.D. 1085, and used in the Diocese of Salisbury. So also, there was the "Use of Bangor," the "Use of York," the "Hereford Use," etc., but all these differing "uses" were finally superseded by the one national use, the present Prayer-book of the Church of England. The American Prayer-book is declared in the title page to be "The Book of Common Prayer and Administrations of the Sacraments and other Rites and Ceremonies of THE CHURCH (Catholic) According to THE USE of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America." {266}

V

Veil.—(See CHALICE VEIL.)

Veni Creator Spiritus.—The Latin title of a very ancient hymn to the Holy Ghost, sung in the Ordination Offices, appropriate to Whitsun Day, and formerly sung at the celebration of the Holy Eucharist. The authorship of this hymn is commonly ascribed to St. Ambrose, A.D. 350. The first English version (added to the Prayer-book in 1662) has been attributed to John Dryden.

Venite Exultemus.—Meaning, "O come, let us sing," the Latin title of the 95th Psalm, sung as the first canticle at Morning Prayer as an Invitatory to the use of the Psalter. (See INVITATORY.)

Verger.—The name originally given to one who carried the verge, or staff, before a cathedral or collegiate dignitary. The name is now commonly applied to a paid usher.

Versicles.—Little verses or sentences uttered by the officiating minister with corresponding replies or responses by the congregation. For example,

V. O Lord, open Thou our lips. R. And our mouth shall show forth Thy praise.

This feature of Public Worship has prevailed in the Christian Church from the most ancient times, as we find it mentioned as early as A.D. 543 as being even then of ancient origin. This is with special reference to the Versicles after the Lord's Prayer in the Daily Offices, which have been called the SURSUM CORDA of the Daily services. (See RESPONSIVE SERVICES.) {267}

Vespers.—One of the SEVEN CANONICAL HOURS (which see). It was from the ancient offices of Vespers and Compline that the present service of Evening Prayer was compiled. This service is sometimes now called Vespers and also EVEN SONG (which see).

Vessels, Sacred.—The vessels used in celebrating the Holy Communion are so called, from the sacred purpose for which they are intended. These sacred vessels are the Chalice, Paten and Flagon, which should be made of silver or gold only—the best that we have for so sacred a purpose.

Vestments.—It has been pointed out that "The clergy and all who act ministerially in divine service are clad in surplices and other vestments, not that they may have a decent and uniform appearance in sight of the congregation, but as wearing robes distinctive of their office in ministering before Him whom they worship." In this statement we have a rationale, so to speak, of the use of vestments, and it is a very striking fact that such use has universally prevailed in the Historic Churches from the most ancient times. (See EUCHARISTIC VESTMENTS.) Of the vestments thus worn in the Church's services there are first the Eucharistic Vestments, namely:

THE AMICE, is a broad linen band richly embroidered, first placed on the head and then dropped on the shoulders as a covering for the neck and is intended to symbolize the Helmet of Salvation. It also symbolizes the linen cloth with which the Jews blindfolded our Lord.

THE ALB, a long white linen garment with narrow sleeves tied at the waist by a white cord. It is {268} emblematic of purity and innocence and also of the ministerial office. It also represents the white garment in which Herod clothed our Saviour.

THE GIRDLE, used to confine the Alb at the waist, is emblematic of the work of the Lord, to perform which the sacred ministers gird up, as it were, their loins. The girdle, and also the stole and maniple are intended to represent the cords and fetters with which the officers bound Jesus in His Passion.

THE MANIPLE is a scarf like a short stole, worn on the left arm over the sleeve of the Alb by the Celebrant. It is made of silk, with a fringe and embroidered with three crosses.

THE STOLE (which see). When used at the Celebration it is worn crossed on the breast and kept in place by the girdle. Like the girdle and maniple, it symbolizes the ropes or bands with which our Lord was bound to the pillar when He was scourged.

THE CHASUBLE is a circular cloak worn over the Alb and hanging from the shoulders. It is universally called "the Vestment" because it is the characteristic Eucharistic robe of all Christendom and has been so from the earliest age of the Church. The rationale is thus given: "The over-vesture or chasuble as touching the mystery signifieth the purple mantle that Pilate's soldiers put upon Christ after that they had scourged Him. And as touching the Minister, it signifieth charity, a virtue excellent above all others."

Other vestments worn by the clergy are the cassock, the surplice, biretta, hood, and when assisting at the Holy Communion, the Dalmatic and Tunicle; and by Bishops, the chimere, rochet, mitre and cope (this last {269} may also be worn by a Priest); each of which is described under its proper head, to which the reader is referred.

Vestry.—The name given to the room attached to or within the church building, used for vesting in, or in which the vestments are kept. From the old custom of parish meetings be held in it, such meetings were called the Vestry; a name that has since been applied to the representatives of the parish elected annually to manage its financial and secular affairs. It is to be noted that there is nothing to be found in the Primitive Church corresponding to the modern Vestry. This fact may explain why it is that the Vestry System, as such, is ever presenting problems difficult to solve. The "Vestry Problem" has commanded the attention of the General Convention from time to time, but so far nothing has been presented for its solution. The purpose and duties of the Vestry as commonly understood may be stated as follows: It is the duty of the Wardens and Vestry (it ought to be always with the advice of the Bishop) to consider and determine upon the election of a minister when the Rectorship is vacant; to see that the minister is well and properly supported, sufficiently and punctually paid; to make and execute all contracts for the erection of church edifices, rectories and other church buildings; to provide for their furnishing and repair and due preservation; to hold all Church property as Trustees of the Parish, and as such generally to transact all temporal and financial business of the Parish. (For the duties of Wardens, see Church Wardens.)

Via Media.—A Latin term, meaning middle course {270} as between two extremes. The term is used to describe the Anglican or Episcopal Church as avoiding Romanism on the one hand, and Protestantism on the other.

Viaticum.—A term used to describe the Holy Communion administered to a dying person. A Canon of the Nicene Council (A.D. 325) provided that no one should "be deprived of his perfect and most necessary viaticum when he departs out of this life." The word means "a provision made for a journey."

Vicar.—A term introduced from the English Church and applied to one who has charge of a chapel connected with a Parish, as his sole charge. For example, the term has been applied to certain clergy of Trinity Church, New York, who have charge of chapels which possess the dignity of parishes, but the support of which is derived mainly from the Parish Corporation. In the English Church, the Rector, or chapter, or religious house or even a layman, has the whole right to the income of the Parish but the Vicar only to a certain portion of it as the Pastor of the Flock. The origin and meaning of this title as used in the Church of England are thus given in Blackstone's Commentaries, "These appropriating corporations, or religious houses, were wont to depute one of their body to perform divine service in those parishes of which the society was the Parson. This officiating minister was in reality no more than a curate, deputy or vicegerent of the appropriator, and therefore called vicarius or vicar."

Vigils.—Vigils are the Evens before certain Feasts. In the ancient use of the Church, Festivals were {271} commonly ushered in by the attendance of preceding vigils, or watchings all the night as a preparation for the solemnities of the following day, and were observed with fasting and prayer.

Vincent, Rule of Saint.—St. Vincent of Lerins who died A.D. 304 has always been revered in the Church and is known as the author of the saying, "Quod semper, quod ubique, quod ab omnibus, creditum est," meaning what has been done or believed always, everywhere and by all is to be accepted. The principle involved in these words is the test of orthodoxy and the sanction for the Church's usages. St. Vincent's rule, therefore, still holds good, for nothing can be of the Faith, as necessary to be believed unless it can satisfy the tests of antiquity, universality and general consent. (See TRADITIONS; also UNDIVIDED CHURCH.)

Virgin Mary.—(See BLESSED VIRGIN MARY.)

Virtues, The Cardinal.—The four virtues, namely, Prudence, Justice, Temperance and Fortitude, which Solomon sets forth in the Book of Wisdom, VIII, 7, are called Cardinal Virtues because they are most important in the Christian Life. They may be briefly defined as follows:

PRUDENCE, choosing the right and knowing what means to employ for accomplishing it.

JUSTICE, rendering to all their dues.

TEMPERENCE, the virtue of self-control in all things.

FORTITUDE, bravery in doing God's Will.

Virtues, Theological.—(See THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES.)

Visitation, Episcopal.—(See BISHOP'S VISITATION.)

Visitation of Prisoners.—The title of an Office {272} in the Prayer-book. It is not contained in the English Prayer-book but was taken from the Irish Book of Common Prayer of 1771 and inserted in the American Prayer-book in 1789. This is a very comprehensive and appropriate Office, proving of great value to the Clergy who are called to minister to the spiritual wants of prisoners.

Visitation of the Sick.—A requirement of the Church is that "When any person is sick, notice shall be given thereof to the Minister of the Parish." When the Minister visits such sick person, the Prayer-book provides a service which may be used, entitled "The Order for the Visitation of the Sick." This service was first set forth in 1549 but was added to in 1662, since which date it has remained practically unchanged. It is a very beautiful and affecting service, bringing great peace and comfort to the sick and is another fine illustration of the tender care our Mother Church shows for all her children in all conditions of their life. As there is so much misapprehension as to the meaning and purpose of the ministrations of Christ's Ministers at the bedside of the sick, we give the following excellent comment on this Office in Wheatley's Treatise on the Prayer-book: "Though private friends may pray for us and with us, yet we can by no means place such confidence in their prayers, as we may in those sent to Heaven in our behalf by such as are peculiarly commissioned to offer them. For this reason it is enjoined by St. James in his Epistle, that if any be sick, they shall call for the Elders of the Church. From this it may be observed, that the care of sending for the Minister {273} is left to the sick. For the Priest himself, it is very probable, may never have heard of his sickness; or, if he has, may not be so good a judge when his visit will be seasonable. For this reason it is ordered by the rubric that 'when any person is sick, notice shall be given thereof to the Minister of the Parish'; Not when the person is just expiring (as is too often done), but when the disease first discovers its approach. To put it off to the last scene of life, is to defer the Office till it can do no good. For when the sickness is grown past recovery, to pray for his restoration is only to mock the Almighty; and what spiritual advantage can be expected from the Minister's assistance to one who is unable to do anything for himself?"

Vow.—A promise made to God. Being brought into covenant with God in Holy Baptism, the vows or promises made unto God in that Sacrament are three in number:

1. RENUNCIATION, by which we renounce the three great powers of evil,—world, flesh and devil.

2. FAITH, by which we confess our belief in the Name into which we are baptized—Father, Son and Holy Ghost, around which the articles of the Christian Faith as contained in the Apostles' Creed are grouped.

3. OBEDIENCE, by which we promise to serve God truly all the days of our life.

These three vows of Baptism cover the whole period of life—past, present and future, and are the basis of all godly and righteous living.

Over and above these vows of their Baptism members of Religious Orders make special vows to God,—vows {274} of poverty, obedience and chastity for the more efficient prosecution of the work they have undertaken for the glory of God and the benefit of souls.

W

Wafer Bread.—(See UNLEAVENED BREAD.)

Wardens.—(See CHURCH WARDENS.)

Warnings.—The Exhortations in the Communion Office announcing a future celebration are called "Warnings," and are intended to be a sufficient notification to the Communicants so that they may make their preparation for the receiving of the Communion. Where there are frequent celebrations, as on every Sunday and Holy Day, "the rubric does not seem to enjoin their constant use, but to require this form of exhortation to be used at those times when the Minister thinks it necessary to 'give warning,' that is, to exhort his people, respecting the celebration of the Holy Communion. The tone of the rubric and of the exhortations is plainly fitted to a time of infrequent Communion."

Water.—In the Church Catechism it is declared that the outward visible sign or form in Baptism is, "Water; wherein the person is baptized. In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." By the rubric in the Office for Holy Baptism it is directed that the Font is to be filled with "pure water." It is thus the Church fulfils our Lord's command, following literally His words, "baptizing them with water." Water, therefore, is the essential element of Holy Baptism, just as the bread and wine are the {275} elements in the Holy Communion. Water as used in Holy Baptism signifies "cleansing," The amount of water to be used the Church has always regarded as matter of indifference.

Wedding Ring.—(See RING.)

Wednesday.—In the earliest ages of the Christian Church its devotions were always characterized by both weekly and annual fasts. During the week the first Christians always kept two fasts; one on Wednesday, the day on which our Lord was betrayed, and the other on Friday, the day on which He was crucified. Both the English and American Churches have perpetuated this custom by appointing Wednesday and Friday of each week as Litany Days.

Western Church.—A term frequently met with in Church history and denoting the Churches which formerly made part of the western empire of Rome, i.e., the Church in western Europe,—Italy, Spain, France, etc. The Church of England is also included under this term as being a branch of the Catholic and Apostolic Church.

Whitsun Day.—A high Festival observed in the Church on the fiftieth day after Easter, in commemoration of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles on the day of Pentecost as "they were all with one accord in one place" in Jerusalem. Whitsun Day is the Birthday of the Christian Church, and as such it has been commemorated for nearly two thousand years by Christian people and observed by them with holy joy and deep thanksgiving for the fulfilment of our Lord's promise to send the Comforter to His comfortless people. {276}

By the devotions of Whitsun Day we have brought to our remembrance, in the most beautiful and striking manner, the operations of God by the Spirit's power. By Proper Psalms, Proper Lessons and Eucharistic Scriptures, and by Proper Preface in the Communion Service, we learn how that in the Holy Ghost and His Presence in the Church we have the great power and renewing grace of God made availing to us. The ecclesiastical color is red as symbolical of the "cloven tongues like as of fire," in which form the Holy Ghost lighted on the head of each of the Apostles. (See HOLY GHOST.)

As to the derivation of the word "Whitsun" there seems to be great uncertainty and difference of opinion. Some derive it from the word white, shortened to "whit," in reference to the diffusions of light and knowledge which on this day were shed upon the Apostles, in order to the enlightening of the world; also in reference to this being the time of Baptism in the ancient Church, each candidate being clothed with white garments. Others derive it from the old Saxon word wit, meaning wisdom which is the special gift of the Holy Ghost. Again others derive it from the word Pentecost, the original name of the Festival, through the German Pfingsten, hence Pingsten, changed in the Saxon to Wingsten, and this being corrupted into Whitsun, meaning, therefore the same as Pentecost, that is, the fiftieth day. (This last seems to be the most probable derivation as is seen in the use of the terms Whitsun Monday, Whitsun Tide, etc.)

This Festival is of especial interest to Churchmen {277} as it was on Whitsun Day, June 9th, 1549, that the Book of Common Prayer, in English, was first used. "That day was doubtless chosen," says a beautiful writer, "as a devout acknowledgment that the Holy Ghost was with the Church of England in the important work then taken. May He ever preserve these devotional offices from the attacks of enmity or unwisdom, and continue them in that line of Catholic unity wherein He has guided the Church hitherto to keep them."

Whitsun Monday; Whitsun Tuesday.—Two days observed with great solemnity as the continuation of the High Festival of Whitsun Day. For the origin and appointment of these days see EASTER MONDAY and TUESDAY.

Whitsun Tide.—The week beginning with Whitsun Day is so called. During this week the Whitsun Ember Days are observed, (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday), as a preparation for Trinity Sunday, one of the stated times of Ordination.

Wine.—One of the elements used in the celebration of the Holy Communion as our Lord commanded. It is to be noticed that unfermented grape juice, raisin water, and the like do not constitute the proper element in the Holy Communion, and if these are used the Sacrament is not valid. In the General Convention which met in Chicago in 1886, the House of Bishops declared by resolution that "the use of unfermented wine was unwarranted by the example of our Lord, and contrary to the custom of the Catholic Church." This was still more strongly affirmed by the Lambeth Conference which met in 1888, in the {278} following resolution: "That the Bishops assembled in this conference declare that the use of unfermented juice of the grape or any other liquid other than true Wine diluted or undiluted, as the element in the Administration of the Cup in Holy Communion, is unwarranted by the example of our Lord and is an unauthorized departure from the custom of the Catholic Church." This declaration by both these bodies was called forth by the agitation of the "Temperance people."

Woman's Auxiliary, The.—This is a Society, as its name indicates, composed of the women of the Church which acts as an auxiliary to the DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY (which see), and by the labors and generous gifts of its members supplements the work of the general Society. There is also a Junior Department including the younger women of the Church who have become interested in missionary work. Besides systematic efforts to raise money for the work of missions, the members prepare boxes of clothing and household necessities for the families of missionaries. The Auxiliary is very helpful and has enlisted the faithful labors of Christian women in fifty-nine dioceses and twenty-one missionary districts. An idea of the work accomplished by this organization may be gained by considering the report made for the year ending September 1st, 1900, from which it is learned that the Woman's Auxiliary contributed that year the noble sum of $210,841.55, and prepared and sent out 4,680 boxes valued at $191,434.96, making a total for the year of $402,276.51. It may be interesting to note that the UNITED OFFERING placed {279} on the Altar by the Woman's Auxiliary at the Triennial meeting held in San Francisco during the General Convention of 1901, amounted to the handsome sum of $104,295.53. The Headquarters of the Society are in the Church Missions House, New York City.

Word, The.—The name given to our Blessed Lord by St. John in the beginning of his Gospel, to set forth the preexistence and Divinity of the Son of God and the creation of the world by Him. Pearson on the Creed makes the following comment: "The Jews were constantly taught that the Word of God was the same with God, and that by that Word all things were made. And therefore, St. John delivered so great a mystery so briefly, as speaking to those who at once understood him. Only what they knew not was that this Word was made Flesh, and that this Word made Flesh was Jesus Christ." The Greek for "The Word" is Logos.

Words on the Cross, The Seven.—Our Blessed Lord was nailed to the Cross at nine o'clock in the morning and hanged thereon until three o'clock, when He died. During these six hours of His Crucifixion He uttered seven sayings, called the Seven Words from the Cross; they are as follows:

1. "Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do."

2. "To-day thou shalt be with Me in Paradise."

3. "Woman, behold thy Son." "Behold thy Mother."

4. "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?"

5. "I thirst." {280}

6. "It is finished."

7. "Father, into Thy hands I commend My Spirit." (See THREE HOURS' SERVICE.)

Worship.—Our word worship is the modern form of the early English word worthship. And while the word was originally used to denote honor or respect paid to any one worthy of it, it came in time to be used exclusively of the giving of honor to God, of which He above all others is worthy. Thus we have the word applied almost exclusively to what we now call Public Worship. By this is meant the united homage of the members of the Church rendered to God as their Almighty King. And it is to be noted that whilst God accepts the worship of each individual or family, yet He loves more the Public Worship of His Church, for we read in the Book of Psalms, "The Lord loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob." While this is very manifest to any careful student of the Bible, yet in these our days there is nothing so misunderstood as the nature and obligation of Public Worship. So much so is this the case it has been declared that Worship is a "Lost Art." This has come to pass, no doubt, from the misapprehension of the purpose of this "assembling of ourselves together." The common idea is that we go to Church to "hear preaching." But preaching is not worship, nor is it the chief purpose of our coming together in the House of God each Lord's Day. We come together to worship, and the true idea of worship is to give, to render homage. Worship is an unselfish offering. It is giving God the praise. It is the grateful homage of grateful creatures to Him who {281} has blessed them and preserved them. Preaching is but an incident of such an assembly gathered for such a purpose, and oftentimes is not really necessary. It is also to be noticed that the Church's true worship is the Holy Communion; all other services are but adjuncts to the one service appointed by our Lord Himself. In the Primitive Church an ordinary Christian would not have considered that he had kept the Lord's Day as a day of worship if he had not attended a celebration of the Holy Communion. When, therefore, our people grasp these Scriptural ideas, then no longer can it be said that worship is a "Lost Art" among the American people. (See HOLY COMMUNION; also RESPONSIVE SERVICE.)

X

X.—The letter X resembles the shape of the Cross of St. Andrew, which has come into quite prominent notice as being the badge of the BROTHERHOOD OF ST. ANDREW (which see).

X P.—These letters belong under this head only in appearance as they are in reality the first two letters of the Greek word Christos, meaning "Christ." The X is the Greek letter Chi and is equivalent to the English letters "ch"; the P is called Rho and is the same as the letter "r;" they thus represent the first three letters of the word Christ. These two Greek letters are used in Church decorations either separately or as a monogram, as a symbol or emblem of our Lord. {282}

Y

Y Cross.—By reason of its shape, the Cross embroidered on the CHASUBLE (which see) is called the Y Cross, and is intended to represent the outstretched arms of our Blessed Lord on the Cross, and symbolizes the Sacrifice which He there offered for the sins of the whole world, of which the Holy Eucharist is the perpetual Memorial.

Year.—(See CHRISTIAN YEAR.)

Yule.—The old English name for CHRISTMAS (which see). A word of doubtful origin.

Yule Tide.—The season or time of Christmas.

Z

Zealot.—One of a fanatical Jewish sect, which prevailed in the time of our Lord. In the New Testament, this name is given to one of our Lord's Apostles, namely, ST. SIMON (which see).

Zuchetto.—The name give to a skull cap worn by the clergy instead of the biretta; when worn by a Priest the color is black, but that worn by a Bishop is purple. {283}

INDEX.

Ablutions 5 Absolution 5 Absolution, Declaration of 6 Absolve 6 Abstinence 6 Acolyte, his duties 6 Adult Baptism 7 Advent, Season of 7 Advent Sunday 8 Affusion 8 Agape 8 Age for Confirmation 84 Agnus Dei 9 Aisle 9 Alb 9 Alleluia 9 All Saints' Day 9 Almanac, Church 10 Alms Bason 10 Alpha and Omega 10 Altar 11 Altar Cross 11 Altar Lights 11 Altar Linen 12 Altar Rail 12 Altar Vessels. See Vessels, Sacred 267 Ambulatory 13 American Church 13 American Church, meaning of the term 13 Amice 18 Anaphora 18 Andrew, Saint 18 Angel, one of N. T. names for Bishop 19 Angels. See Holy Angels 133 Anglican Church 19 Anglican Communion 20 Anglo Catholic 21 Annual Address, The Bishop's, 37 Annunciation, The 22 Anointing the Sick 22 Antependium 23 Anthem 23 Antiphon. See Anthem 23 Antiphonal 23 Apocalypse, The 24 Apocrypha 24 Apostle 24 Apostles' Creed 25 Doctrine 25 Apostolate 25 Apostolic Fathers. See Fathers, 109 Apostolic Succession 25 Apse 26 Apsidal 36 Archbishop 26 Archdeacon 26 {284} Articles of Religion, XXXIX, 26 Articles of Religion not a Creed, 27 Ascension Day 27 Ascription 27 Ash Wednesday 28 Assistant Minister 28

Banners 28 Banns of Marriage 29 Baptism, Adult. See Adult Baptism 7 Baptism, Holy 29 Baptism, Conditional 30 Baptism, Infant. See Infant Baptism 145 Baptism, Private 30 Baptism Should be administered in Church 30 Baptismal Regeneration. See Regeneration 227 Baptismal Shell 31 Baptistry 31 Barnabas, Saint 31 Bartholomew, Saint 32 Bason. See Alms Bason 10 Belfry 33 Benedic, Anima mea 33 Benedicite 33 Benediction 34 Benedictus 35 Betrothal 35 Bible, The English 35 Bible Reading Church 166, 238 Bidding Prayer 36 Biretta 36 Birthday of the Church 275 Bishop 36 Bishop's Charge 37 Bishop Coadjutor 38 Bishop consecrated by not less than three Bishops 16 Bishop, Derivation of the Word 36 Bishop, Election of 38 Bishop, Missionary 39 Bishop, The Presiding. See Presiding Bishop 218 Bishop's Resignation. See Jurisdiction, Resignation of, 158 Bishop's Visitation 39 Bishopric 40 Black 40 Blessed Virgin Mary 40 Blessing Church Furniture 34 Blessing of Peace 41 Board of Managers 41 Board of Missions 41 Bounden Duty 41 Bowing 41 Bowing at the Name of Jesus 41, 136 Breaking of the Bread 42 Brotherhood of St Andrew 42 Burial 43 Burial Office when not to be used 43 Burse 43

Calendar 44 Origin of 83 Candidate 44 Candlemas 44 Canon 45 Law 45 of Scripture 45 of the Liturgy 45 {285} Canonical 45 Canonical Hours 45 Canonical Residence 46 Canticle 46 Cantoris 46 Cardinal Virtues. See Virtues, Cardinal 271 Cassock 46 Catechism 47 Divisions of 47 an Unfinished Fragment 47 Catechumen 48 Cathedral 48 Catholic 48 Celebrant 49 Ceremonies. See Rites and Ceremonies 232 Chalice 50 Chalice Veil 50 Chancel 50 Chancellor 50 Change of Church name 14 Chantry 50 Chasuble 51 Childermas 51 Chimere 51 Choir 51 Choir, The Vested. See Surpliced Choir 249 Choral Service. See Even Song 103 Choral Service not "Romish" 103 Christen, To 52 Christian 51 Christian Name. See Name, Christian 194 Christian Unity. See Unity, Church 263 Christian Year, Divisions of, 52, 53 Christian's New Year's Day 8 Christmas Day 54 Church 55 an Institution …. 161 Introduced into Britain, 19 Building Fund … 56 Catholic 56 Chronology 57 Club 58 Colors 58 Congress 59 Militant. See Church Catholic 56 Missions House 60 of England not founded by Henry the Eighth 20, 179, 233 Temperance Society 61 Wardens 62 Year, See Christian Year 53 Year preaches the Gospel 53 Churching 62 Circumcision, The 63 Clergy 63 Clerical 64 Cloister 64 Coadjutor. See Bishop Coadjutor 38 Collect 64 Comfortable Words 65 Commendatory Prayer 65 Commandments. See Decalogue 77 Common Prayer, Meaning of 64 Communion, Holy. See Holy Communion 133 {286} Communion of Saints 66 Compline. See Canonical Hours 45 Confirmation 66 Confirmation not joining the Church 156 Consecrate 68 Consecration, Prayer of 68 of Church Buildings 69 of first Bishop on American Soil 17 Convention 69 Convocation 69 Cope 70 Corporal 70 Cotta 70 Council 70 Credence 71 Creed 71 Cross, The 72 Crucifier 73 Cruets 73 Crypt 73 Curate 73

Daily Prayer, The 73 Dalmatic 74 Daughters of the King 75 Days in Holy Week, their significance 138 Days of Obligation, List of 75 Deacon 75 Deaconess 76 Dean 77 Decalogue 77 Translation of 78 Decalogue When added to Communion Office 77 Decani 78 Dedication, Feast of 78 Deposition 79 Deprecations 79 Descent into Hell 79 Diaconate 80 Dies Irae 80 Digest of Canons 80 List of Titles 80 Dimissory Letter 81 Diocesan 82 Diocesan Convention 82 Diocesan Missions 82 Diocese 81 Diptychs 83 Discretion, Years of 84 Dispensation 84 Divine Liturgy. See Holy Communion 133 Divine Service 84 Divisions among Christians not Sanctioned by the Bible 264 Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society 85 Domestic Missions. See D. and F. Society 85 Domenical Letter 87 Dossal 88 Doxology 88 Duly, its ecclesiastical meaning 88

Eagle 89 Early Communion 80 {287} East, Turning to, Origin of Custom 90 Easter Day 90 Easter Even 92 Easter Monday and Tuesday 93 Easter Tide 93 Eastern Church 93 Eastward Position. See East, Turning to 90 Ecclesiastical Year. See Christian Year 52 Ecumenical 94 Elder 94 Elements 94 Ember Days 94 Emblems 95 Emmanuel 96 Epact, The 97 Epiphany, Feast of 97 Commemoration Threefold 98 Sundays after 98 Episcopacy 98 Episcopal Ring 231 Episcopate 100 Epistle of St. Barnabas 32 Epistle, The 100 Epistle Side 100 Epistoler 101 Eschatology 101 Espousal 101 Essentials of Christian Truth and Order 19 Eucharist 101 Eucharistic Lights. See Altar Lights 11 Eucharistic Vestments 101 Evangelical 102 Evangelical Canticles 102 Evangelists 103 Eve or Even 103 Even Song 103 Examination for Holy Orders, List of 103 Excommunication 104 Exhortation 104 Expectation Sunday 105 Expectation Week 105 Extension of the Incarnation 144

Fair Linen Cloth 106 Fair White Linen Cloth 106 Faith 106 Faithful, The 107 Faldstool 107 Fasting 107 Fasting Communion 108 Fasts, Table of 108 Fathers, The 108 Feasts or Festivals 110 Feria 110 Filioque 111 First American Bishop 16 First Principle of English Reformation 262 Fish 111 Flagon 111 Font 111 Foreign Missions. See D. and F. Society 85 Forms 112 Forty Days, The Great 113 Fourth Sunday in Lent 114 Fraction 114 Free and Open Churches 115 Frequent Communion 115 {288} Friday 116 as Obligatory as Sunday, 116 Frontal 116 Fruits of the Spirit. See Spirit, Fruits of 242 Funerals 117

Gehenna 117 General Clergy Relief Fund 117 General Confession, The 118 General Convention 119 General Councils, List of 70, 71 General Thanksgiving 120 General Theological Seminary 120 Generally Necessary 120 Genuflexion 121 Ghost 121 Ghostly 121 Ghost, The Holy. See Holy Ghost 135 Gifts (Sevenfold) of the Holy Ghost 121 Girdle 121 Girls' Friendly Society 122 Gloria in Excelsis 122 Gloria Patri 123 not a vain repetition 123 Gloria Tibi 123 God Fathers and Mothers. See Sponsors 243 Golden Number 123 Good Friday 124 Good Shepherd, Sunday of 125 Gospel—meaning of the word 126 Gospel Hymns 179 Gospels, The Four 126 Gospel, The Holy 127 Gospel Side 127 Gospeller 127 Government, Church. See Episcopacy 98 Gown, The Black 127 Grace 128 Grace of Baptism Threefold 29 Gradine 128 Gradual 128 Greek Church. See Eastern Church 93 Green 128 Gregorian Music 129 Growth of the Church 17, 129 Guardian Angels. See Holy Angels 133 Guild 131

Habit 131 Hades 131 Hallelujah. See Alleluia 9 Heaven 132 Hell 132 Heresy 132 Heretic 132 High Celebration 132 Historic Episcopate 133 Historiographer 133 Holy Angels 133 Holy Communion 133 every Lord's Day 115 Holy Days and Seasons. See Christian Year 52 Holy Ghost, The 135 Procession of 219 Holy Innocents' Day 136 {289} Holy Name, The 136 Holy Orders 137 Holy Table. See Altar 11 Holy Thursday 1 37 Holy Week 137 Homilies, The 138 Hood 138 Hosanna 139 Hours of Prayer. See Canonical Hours 45 House of Bishops 139 House of God 139 Housel 140 Humble Access, Prayer of 140 Hymn Board 140 Hymnal, The 140 Hymns 141 Hypothetical Form 142

ICHTHUS 142 I. H. S 142 Immersion 142 Immovable Feasts 142 Imposition of Hands 143 Incarnation, The 144 Incense 145 Incumbent 145 Infant Baptism 145 Inhibit 146 Innocents. See Holy Innocents' Day 136 I. N. R. I. 147 Institution, Office, of 147 Letter of 147 Words of 148 Instruction 148 Intercessions of the Litany 148 Intermediate State 148 Intonation 149 Intone 149 Introit 150 Invitatory 150 Invocation, The 151 before the sermon 150

James (St.) the Great 151 James (St.) the Less 152 Jesus, The Holy Name of 152 Derivation of the word 153 John Baptist, Saint 153 John Evangelist, Saint 154 Joining the Church 155 Jubilate Deo 157 Jude, Saint 157 Jurisdiction, Episcopal 158 Missionary 158 Resignation of 158 Justification, Cause of 159

Kalendar. See Calendar 159 Keys of the Church 159 Keys, Power of the 160 Kindred, Table of 160 Kingdom of God 161 Kissing the Stole 162 Kneeling 162 Kyrie 162

Lady Day 163 Laity 163 Why so called 64 Lamb and Flag 163 {290} Lambeth Conference 164 Lammas Day 164 Last Things, The Four 164 Lauds 164 Lay Baptism 165 Layman 165 Lay Reader 165 Laying on of Hands 165 Lectern 166 Lectionary 166 Lent, Season of 167 Why observed forty days, 167 Sundays in 168 Lesser Litany 169 Lessons, The 169 Letter Dimissory. See Dimissory Letter 81 of Orders 169 of Transfer 170 Lights on the Altar 170 Linen Cloth, See Fair Linen Cloth 106 Litany, The 170 Divisions of 171 Desk 172 Liturgical Colors. See Church Colors 58 Liturgy 172 Liturgies, Table of 173 Lord's Day, The 175 not the Sabbath 235 Lord's Prayer, The 176 When said by Priest alone 176 Lord's Supper, wrong use of the term 177 Lord's Table, The 177 Low Celebration 177 Low Sunday 178 Luke, Festival of Saint 178 Lych Gate 179

Magna Charta 179 Magnificat 180 Daily Memorial of Incarnation 180 Maniple 180 Manual Acts 180 Mark, Feast of Saint 181 Marriage 181 Sacramental 182 Vow 35 Mary. See Blessed Virgin Mary 40 Mass 183 Matthew, Feast of Saint 183 Matthias, Feast of Saint 184 Matins 185 Matrimony, Holy. See Marriage 181 Maundy Thursday 185 Meditation 186 Membership, Church 186 Mensa 186 Mercy to Babes 146 Michael (St.) and All Angels 186 Mid Lent Sunday. See Fourth Sunday in Lent 114 Militant, Church 187 Ministry, The 187 Ministry of the Holy Angels 133, 186 Miserere 188 Missal 188 Mission 188 Parochial 189 Missionary 189 {291} Missionary Bishop. See Bishop, Missionary 39 Council, See D. and F. Society 85 Missioner 189 Missions 189 Mitre 190 Mixed Chalice 190 Mode of Baptism 8, 259 Morning Prayer 190 Morse 191 Mothering Sunday 191 Movable Feasts and Fasts 191 Music, Church 192 Mystery 193 Mystical Body of Christ 193

N. or M. 193 Name, The Holy. See Holy Name 136 The Christian 194 why it is given 194 Nathanael 32 Nativity of our Lord 195 Nave 195 Neophyte 195 New Birth 195 Nicea, Council of 195 did not originate the Creed 196 Nicene Creed 196 when introduced into Liturgy 196 No strolling, irresponsible preachers 81 Nocturns 196 Non-conformists 196 Nones 197 North Side 197 Nowell 197 Nunc Dimittis 197

Oblation 198 Obligation. See Days of Obligation 75 Obsecrations 198 Occasional Offices 198 Prayers 198 Occurrence of Holy Days 199 Octave 199 Octaves set forth in Prayer Book 199 Offertory, The 199 Sentences 200 Office, ecclesiastical meaning 200 Offices of a Pastor 208 Open Churches. See Free and Open Churches 115 Ordain 200 Ordination 200 Order—its ecclesiastical meaning 201 Orders, Holy. See Holy Orders 137 Ordinal, The 201 Ordinary 202 Organizations, Church 202 Organizing a Parish 203 Organs 203 Orientation 203 Ornaments 203 Orphrey 204 Orthodox 204 {292}

Pall 204 Palm Sunday 204 Paraclete 205 Paradise 205 Parish 205 partakes of the character of its people 206 House 206 Register 206 Parishioner 206 Parochial Mission. See Mission, Parochial 189 Parson 206 Paschal 207 Passion 207 Sunday 207 Tide 207 Week 207 Pastor 207 Pastoral Letter 208 Staff 208 Paten 209 Paul, Conversion of Saint 209 Penance 210 Penitential Office 210 Penitential Psalms, their meaning 210 Penitential Psalms used on Ash Wednesday 28 Pentecost 211 Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Virgin Mary 40 Peter, Festival of Saint 211 Philip (St.) and St. James' Day, 212 Piscina 213 Plain Song 213 Pontifical. See Ordinal 201 Post Communion 213 Postulant 213 Postures in Public Worship 214 Prayer 214 Five parts of 214 for Church Militant . .187 for Unity 264 Prayer Book, The 215 Cross 15 first used in English 276 Prayer Book of Eastern Origin 173, 174 Prayers for the Dead 216 Precentor 217 Pre Lenten Season 217 Presbyter—how shortened to Priest 217 Presentation of Christ 217 Presiding Bishop 218 Presiding Bishops, List of 218 Priest 218 Priesthood of the Laity 230 Primate 218 Prime 218 Prisoners. See Visitation of Prisoners 271 Private Baptism. See Baptism, Private 30 Proanaphora 219 Pro-Cathedral 219 Procession of the Holy Ghost 219 Processional Cross 219 Proper Lessons 220 Proper Preface 220 Proper Psalms 220 Protestant 220 Protestant Episcopal. See American Church 13 Provinces 221 {293}

Psalter, The 221 should be sung 221 Translation of 222 Purification, The 222 Purificator 222 Purpose of English Reformation 20

Quadragesima 222 Quadrilateral, The 222 Qualifications for Holy Orders, 223 Quick 223 Quicunque Vult 223 Quiet Day 223 Quinquagesima 224

Rail. See Altar Rail 12 Ratification, The 224 Real Presence 224 Reception into the Church. See Baptism, Private 30 Recessional 225 Rector 226 Head of the Parish 226 Rectory 226 Red Letter Day 226 Refreshment Sunday 226 Regeneration 227 and Conversion not synonymous 227 Register. See Parish Register, 206 Registrar 227 Religion of English-speaking People 21 Religious Orders 228 Reproaches, The 228 Reredos 229 Responds 229 Responses 229 Responsive Service 239 Retable 230 Retreat 230 Reunion of Christendom desired 21 Revised Bible 36 Ring 231 Rites and Ceremonies 232 Ritual 232 Ritualism 232 Rochet 233 Rogation Days 233 Special Prayers, 233 Rogation Sunday 234 Rood Screen 234 Rubric 234

Sabbaoth 234 Sabbath 235 Sacraments 235 necessary to salvation 235 Sacred Vessels. See Vessels, Sacred 267 Sacrifice 236 Sacristan 236 Sacristy 236 Saint 237 Saints' Days 237 Sanctuary 237 Schism 238 between East and West 111, 238 Scriptures in Prayer Book 238 Seasons, Church. See Christian Year 52 {294} Sedilia 239 See 239 Sentences, The Opening 239 Septuagesima 239 Server 240 Sexagesima 240 Sexts. See Canonical hours 45 Shell. See Baptismal Shell 31 Shrove Tuesday 240 Sick. See Visitation of Sick 272 Sign of the Cross. See Cross 72 Simon (St.) and St. Jude's Day, 241 Sisterhoods. See Religious Orders 228 Six Points of Ritual 241 Spirit. See Ghost, 121 and Holy Ghost 135 Gifts of. See Gifts of Holy Ghost 121 Fruits of the 242 Spirit of Missions 242 Sponsors 243 Stalls 244 Standing Committee 244 State of Salvation 245 Stephen, Festival of Saint 245 Stir up Sunday 246 Stole 246 Subdeacon 247 Substance 247 Suffrages 247 Sunday. See Lord's Day 175 Sunday Letter. See Dominical Letter 87 Sunday schools 247 Super Altar 248 Sureties. See Sponsors 243 Surname, Meaning of word 193 Surplice 249 Surpliced Choir 249 Sursum Corda 251 Symbol 251 Synod 251

Table, See Lord's Table 177 Te Deum 252 Old tradition, concerning 252 Ten Commandments. See Decalogue 77 Temperance. See Church Temperance Society 61 Ter Sanctus 252 Terms of Christian Unity 222 Testimonials 252 Testimony to Scriptural Character of Confirmation 67, 68 Thanksgiving. See General Thanksgiving 120 Thanksgiving Day 253 first held 253 Theological Virtues 254 The Baptized a Holy Nation 237 Thirty-Nine Articles. See Articles of Religion 26 Thomas (St.) the Apostle 254 Three Hours Service 255 Thurifer 256 Thursday, Holy. See Ascension Day 27 Thursday in Holy Week. See Maundy 185 Tierce. See Canonical Hours 45 Time of keeping Easter, when Settled 91 Times of Baptism 93 Ordination 95 {295} Tradition 259 Transepts 257 Transfiguration, The 257 Translations of the Bible 35 Trefoil 259 Trine Immersion 259 Trinity, The Holy 259 Season 260 Sunday 260 Trisagion 261 Triumphal Hymn 261 Triumphant, The Church 261 Tunicle 262 Turning to the East. See East, Turning to 90 Twelfth Day 262

Unction. See Anointing the Sick 22 Undivided Church 262 Union Jack—its origin 19 Unity, Church, 263 Unleavened Bread 265 Use, its Ecclesiastical Meaning, 265

Veil. See Chalice Veil 50 Veni Creator Spiritus 266 Venite Exultemus 266 Verger 266 Versicles 266 Vespers 267 Vessels, Sacred 267 Vestments, List of 267 Vestry, The 269 Vestries not found in Primitive Church 269 Via Media 269 Viaticum 270 Vicar 270 Vigils 270 Vincent, Rule of Saint 271 Virgin Mary. See Blessed Virgin Mary 40 Virtues, The Cardinal 271 Theological. See Theological Virtues 254 Visitation, Episcopal. See Bishop's Visitation 39 Visitation of Prisoners 271 Sick 272 Vow 273 Vows of Baptism 29, 273 Religious Orders 272

Wafer Bread. See Unleavened Bread 265 Wardens. See Church Wardens 62 Warnings 274 Water 274 Wedding Ring. See Ring 231 Wednesday 275 Western Church 275 What constitutes a valid Sacrament 148 What Constitutes an Ecumenical Council 94 Whitsun Day 275 Derivation of the word 276 {296} Whitsun Monday and Tuesday, 277 Tide 277 Whole duty of Man 29 Why Bishops are not now called Apostles 37 Why we go to Church 280 Wine, Declaration concerning, 277 Witness and Keeper of Holy Writ 257 Woman's Auxiliary 278 Word, The 279 Words on the Cross 279 Worship 279

X The Cross of St. Andrew 18 X P 281

Y Cross 282 Year. See Christian Year 52 Yule 282 Tide 282

Zealot 282 Zuccheto 282