GREEK ROOT-WORDS AND DERIVATIVES.
Reading edition
To Greek, also, English is indebted for a considerable number of words, especially in the language of science and medicine; for the ancient physicians were commonly Greeks. Since the great revival of Greek studies in England in the 16th Century, Greek literature and art have exerted an enormous influence upon English thought and literature.
Agō, I lead: strat-egy.
a-dam-as (= in-dom-itable), steel: adamant, diamond (= Fr. diamant).
aēr, air: air (Fr.), aerial, aerate.
athlos, a contest: athlete.
aesthēsis, perception, feeling: aesthetic, an-aesthesia.
akouō, I hear: acoustics.
akros, top: acro-bat, acropolis.
allos, other: allo-path, par-allel.
anemos, wind: anemometer.
angelos, messenger: angel, ev-angel.
anthropos, man: anthropoid, anthropology, mis-anthrope.
arktos, a bear: arctic, antarctic.
archē, beginning, rule; arch-, (prefix), chief: archetype, an-archy, archangel.
aster, astron, a star: asterisk, astrology, dis-aster (Fr.), astral (Lat.).
autos, self: auto-crat, auto-graph, auto-matic, auto-nomy.
Ball-o, I throw; bolē, throwing: dia-bol-ical, hyper-bole.
bapto, dip: baptise.
barus, heavy; baros, weight: barytone, barograph, barometer.
basis, a going, foundation: base (Fr.), basis, basement.
biblion (dimin. of biblos), book; bible, biblio-graphy, biblio-mania.
bios, life: amphi-bious, bio-logy.
botane, herbage, a plant: botany.
bronchos, windpipe: bronchial.
Character, a mark: character.
cheir, hand: chiro-graphy, chiro-mancy, chiro-pod-ist, chir-urgeon.
chīlio- (e.g. chilio-pous), thousand: kilo-gramme and kilo-metre (Fr.).
chlōros, green: chlorate, chlorine.
cholē, bile: choler, melancholy.
choros, a dance in a ring, chorus: chorus, choral, choir (Fr.).
chriō, anoint: Christ, chrism (holy oil).
chronos, time: chronic, chronicle, chronometer, ana-chronism.
Daimōn, divinity, spirit: demoniac.
deka, ten: decade, deca-logue.
demos, the people: demo-crat, dem-agogue, epi-demic.
derma (dermat-), skin: epi-dermis, hypo-dermic, pachy-dermatous.
despotēs, lord: despotic, despotism.
diaita, mode of living: diet (Fr.).
diskos, quoit: disc, dish and desk.
dogma, doxa, opinion: dogma, dogmatic, heterodox.
dosis, a giving; dotos, given: dose, anti-dote, an-ec-dot-al.
draō, I do: dra-ma, drastic.
dromos, running: dromedary, hippo-drome, aero-drome.
dunamis, power, force: dynamic.
Eidos, form; eidōlon, image; idea, form, look (all from id-, see): ideograph, idol, kal-eido-scope.
eikōn, image: icon, iconoclast.
electron, amber: electric, electrify.
ergon, work; en-ergeia, energy: organ-ize, en-ergetic, metall-urgy.
ethnos, nation: ethnic, ethnology.
eu, well; as a prefix: eucharist, euphony, euphemism, ev-angel.
Gamos, marriage: mono-gamous.
gaster (gastr-), stomach: gastric.
gen-, beget—genos, race; genesis, origin: genea-logy, genesis, genetic.
gē, the earth: ge-o-graphy, ge-o-logy, ge-o-metric.
glōssa (glōtta), tongue: glossary, glottis, epiglottis, poly-glot.
gnō-sis, knowledge: gnome, gnostic.
gōnia, angle: diagonal, pentagon.
grapho, write; gramma, writing: graphic, epi-graphy, grammar.
gumnos, naked; gumnazo, I exercise: gymnasium, gymnastic.
gunē (gunaiko-), a woman: gyn-archy, gynaeco-logy, miso-gynist.
Haima (haimato-), blood: hemal, hematite, hemorrhage, an-aemia.
hairesis, a taking: heresy (Fr.).
heteros, other: hetero-dox, hetero-geneous.
hex, six: hex-agon, hexameter.
hēlios, sun: heliacal, peri-helion.
hēmera, day: ep-hemeral.
hieros, sacred; hiereus, priest: hierarchy, hieratic, hiero-glyph.
hippos, horse: hippo-drome.
historeō, I enquire: history (shortened in) story.
(h)odos, way: ex-odus, epis-ode, met-hod, peri-od.
homos, same; homoi-os, like: homo-centric, homo-geneous, hom-ily (ilē, throng), homoeo-pathic.
(h)orizo, define, bound: horizon.
hudōr, water; hydrant, hydr-aulic, hydro-gen.
Idios, private, peculiar; idiōtēs, private person: idiom, idiot.
ion, violet; iōdēs, dark-colored: iodide, iodine.
isos, equal: iso-sceles, iso-thermal.
Kakos, bad: cacography, cacophony.
kalos, beautiful: calligraphy, callis-thenics (sthenos, strength).
kaluptō, kruptō, I conceal: apo-calypse, eu-calyptus, crypt.
kaustos, burnt; kautērion, a branding: caustic, cautery, cauterize.
kīneō, I move; kīnētikos, for moving: kinetics, kinematics.
kosmos, order, ornament, universe: cosmetic, cosmic, cosmo-gony.
krateō, am strong, rule: auto-crat, demo-cracy, aristo-crat.
kri-, to separate; krisis, a separating, deciding: crisis, critic.
kuklos, wheel: cycle, cyclic, cyclone.
Lab-, take; lēpsis, a taking: syl-lable, epi-lepsy, cataleptic.
legō, I pick out, say; lexis, speech; logos, discourse, reason: ec-lectic (ek, out of), lexi-con, dialect, logic.
leipō (lĭp-), I leave: el-lipsis, ec-lipse.
lithos, stone: lithia, lithograph.
luō, I loose; lusis, a loosing: ana-lyze, dia-lysis, paralytic, (palsy is a contraction of paralysis).
Mania, madness: mania, maniac, Anglo-mania.
math-, learn; mathēma, learning: mathematics, philo-math, poly-math.
martus (martur-), a witness: martyr.
mega (megal-), large; as a prefix: mega-cephalous (kephalē, head), megalithic, megaphone.
melas (melan-), black: melancholy.
melos, song: mel-ody (ōdē).
metron, a measure: metre, symmetry, diameter, geometric.
mēchanē, Lat. māchina: mechanic, mechanism.
mikros, small: microbe (bios), micro-cosm, micro-scope.
mīseo, I hate: misanthrope.
mnē-mon-euō, I remember: mnē-monics, a-mnē-sty (a = not).
monos, alone, one: monad, mon-arch, monk (Ang. Sax.), monastery, monopoly.
morphē, shape: a-morphous, morph-ology, meta-morphose.
mousa, muse: music, museum.
mūthos, a tale, legend: myth.
Naus, a ship: nausea, nautilus, aëro-naut (nautēs, sailor.)
nekros, dead: necro-polis.
neuron, cord, nerve: neural, neur-algia (algos, pain), neuritis.
nomos, a law: eco-nomy (oikos), astro-nomy, anti-nomian.
Ōdē, a song: ode, hymnody, parody.
oikos, oikia, house; oikēsis, inhabiting, dwelling: eco-nomy (Lat. oeconomia), di-ocese (= di-oikesis), parish (paroikia, Fr. par-oisse).
onoma (onuma), name: syn-onym.
op-, see; optika, pertaining to sight; oph-thalmos, eye: op-tics, optician, syn-opsis, synoptic, my-opia.
organon, an instrument: organic.
orthos, right, straight: ortho-doxy, ortho-graphy.
osteon, a bone: oste-itis, osteo-pathy.
oxus, sharp: oxy-gen, oxy-tone, par-oxysm.
Pais (paid-), a child; paideia, training, learning: ped-agogue, pedant.
pan (pant-, pas-), all: pan-acea (akos, remedy), pan-oply, (hopla, arms), pan-orama ((h)oraō, see).
păthos, suffering, feeling: pathology, pathetic, sympathy.
pauo, I stop; pausis, cessation (Lat. pausa): pause and pose.
pente, five: pent-agon, pentameter, penta-teuch (teuchos, book), Pente-cost [pentecostē = fiftieth (day)].
petra, a rock; petros, a stone: petrify and pier (Fr.), Peter, petrology, petroleum, petrescent.
plassō, I mould, fashion: plastic, plasm, proto-plasm (prōtos, first).
pleura, a rib: pleurisy, pleuritic.
plēgē, plēxis, a blow, stroke: plague (Lat. plāga), apoplexy, pleximeter.
pneuma, air; pneumon, lungs: pneumatic, pneumonia, pneumatomer.
poieō, I make: poet (Lat. poēta).
polis, a city; polītēs, citizen; politeia, government: metro-polis, polity, politic, police.
polus, many, poly-gon.
pous (pod-), a foot: poly-pus, polyp, antipodes.
praktos, done: practice.
prōtōs, first: prot-agonist, protomartyr, prototype, protoplasm.
pur, fire: pyre, pyrites, pyro-latry (= worship), pyrotechnics.
pōleō, I sell: biblio-pole, mono-poly.
phagein, to eat: sarcophagus (sarx, flesh).
phainō (phan-, phēn-, phas-), I show: phan-tom, phan-tasm, phant-asy = fancy (Fr.), phen-omenon, phase.
pherō, I bear; phora, a carrying: peri-pher-y, meta-phor, phos-phorus (phōs), sema-phore, (sēma, sign).
phēmi, I say: eu-phem-ism, blas-pheme (blapsis, injury), pro-phet.
philos, dear, friend: phil-tre, philo-sophy.
phōnē, a sound: phonic, phonetic, phono-graph, eu-phony, caco-phony, sym-phony.
phōs (phōt-), light: phos-phor, photo-graph, photometer.
phrasis, speech: phrase, peri-phrasis, para-phrase, phraseology.
phrēn, the midriff, mind: frenzy and frantic (Fr.), phrenology.
phusis, nature; phuton, a plant: physi-cal, physics, physi-o-logy, meta-physics, neo-phyte.
Rheō, flow; rheuma, a flow; rhuthmos, regular motion: cata-rrh, rheumatic, rhythm.
rhētor, orator: rhetoric, rhetorician.
Sarx (sark-), flesh: sarcasm.
sitos, food: para-site.
skopeo, skept-omai, look at, consider; skop-os, watcher, mark, aim: scep-tical, scope, hor-o-scope (hōrā, season), epi-scop-al, bishop [epi-scop-os].
sophos, wise: sophist, philosophy.
stă-, stand; sta-sis, a placing; statos, placed: ec-sta-sy, sy-ste-m (sun, together), static, hydro-statics, apo-state.
stellō (stol-), I send: apo-stle (= apostolos; apo, away), epi-stle.
stichos, a line: di-stich, hemi-stich.
stratos, army: stratagem, strategy.
strophē, a turning: strophic, anti-strophe, apo-strophe, catastrophe.
sphaira, a ball: sphere, atmo-sphere.
schizō, split: schism, schist.
schole, leisure, school: scholastic.
Tax-is, arrangement; tak-tos, ordered: syn-tax, taxi-dermist.
taphos, a tomb: epi-taph (epi, upon).
temno, I cut; tomē-, tom-os, a cutting: ana-tomy, tome (Fr.), a-tom.
technē, art: tech-nic, technology.
tele, afar: tele-phone.
theos, God: theism, theo-cracy.
thermos, hot: thermal, isothermal, thermo-meter, thermo-dynamics.
the-, place; thesis, a placing; thema, proposition; thē-kē, case, chest: thesis, theme, hypo-thesis, epi-thet, ana-thema.
topos, a place: topic, topography, u-topia, (u = ou, not—i.e., land of No-place).
toxicon, poison: toxin, anti-toxin, intoxicate.
Zēlos, emulation: through Fr., zeal.
zōon, animal: zo-diac (zōdion, dimin.), zo-ology.