INDEX

Abstinence, 43, 102, 108, 118, 150, 235, 240, 280, 334 Accumulation, its impossibility respective unrestricted possibility 23, 188f., 198ff., 216, 237, 268, 303, 311, 325 — primitive, 161, 272, 364, 369f., 454 Africa, 352, 363f., 382, 386; South, 411ff., 420, 451 Algeria, under French rule, 371, 377ff.; under Turkish rule, 378 Allard, General, 381 America, 290, 352, 420, 422, 428; United States of, 173, 293ff., 297, 307f., 357f., 362f., 379, 396, 398, 402, 404f., 409ff., 424ff., 432; States of South, 420, 422ff. American Civil War (War of Secession), 357f., 363, 396, 398f., 402, 424f., 430 Anton, G., 385 Arabs, 377, 380, 382ff. Asia, 247, 290, 420ff., 443ff., 450 Australia, 420, 426f.

Baring, E., Earl of Cromer, 434 Barter, 213, 215f., 222, 229 Bastiat-Schultze, F., 238, 268 Bentham, J., 372 Bergmann, 211 Bismarck, 448 Blackhouse, E. T., 392, 394 Blanc, L., 227 Bland, L. O., 392, 394 Blanqui, 227 Boer Republics, 411, 414ff. — War, 415 Bouding, 319f. Brandt, M. V., 392 Bright, 447 Brissot, 265 Bruce, General, 391 Bryce, J., 363, 412 Buecher, Prof., 307f. Bulgakov, 275, 298-310, 311, 313, 315, 317, 320, 324ff.

Cabet, 227 Cameron, 439 Canada, 408f. Capital and income (Marx), 108; (Rodbertus), 262ff.; (Say), 56; (Sismondi), 179ff., 215, 423; (Adam Smith), 53f., 58ff., 74ff., 83 — circulating, 37, 57ff., 64, 74ff., 83, 85f., 156f., 166, 183ff., 259, 354 — constant, 13f., 18f., 22f., 38, 44, 51, 53, 64, 72f., 83, 85f., 88, 94f., 97, 100ff., 109ff., 123ff., 137, 141, 143, 147, 149, 153, 156ff., 187ff., 200, 208, 236, 256, 258, 298f., 302, 304f., 336f., 339, 344, 354ff., 359, 361, 365f., 458, 463 — — definition of, 37, 72, 76f. — fixed, 19, 50, 53, 57ff., 74ff., 83, 85ff., 111, 140, 147, 158, 166, 184ff., 259, 341, 354 — national (per se), 54, 263 — productive, 43f., 97, 140, 148f., 157, 163, 420 — total social, 31, 49f., 53f., 59, 65, 79, 83, 86, 88, 96f., 101, 103, 107f., 110, 118, 147, 156, 169, 180, 341, 349f. — variable, 14, 18f., 22, 38, 44, 74f., 85, 94ff., 99, 101, 105, 109ff., 114ff., 123, 125ff., 134, 137, 151ff., 156, 159, 161, 182f., 185ff., 207, 209, 234, 253, 256, 258, 302, 306, 334, 336, 344, 346, 350, 354f., 357, 359ff., 365f., 428, 457f., 460, 463f.; definition, 37, 77; in relation to surplus value, 252, 258, 337; in relation to constant capital, 111, 303, 317, 321, 337, 339f. Cavour, 449 Chartist movement, 227, 267 Chernishevski, 273 Chesney, Colonel, 439 Chevalier, M., 448 China, 41, 247, 289, 353, 373, 386ff., 419, 428; Dowager Empress of, 392ff. Class antagonism, 181 — rule, 78, 452, 456, 464 — society, 41 Cobden, R., 447f. Colonial policy, 185, 247, 363f., 369ff., 419, 425, 451f., 454, 466 — — English in India, 88, 247, 371, 374f., 383 — — French in North Africa, 371, 380, 382 Commodity economy, see Economy — Exchange, 81f., 85, 93f., 97ff., 118, 129f., 193f., 233, 270, 386, 428, 438, 443, 452, 454 — surplus, 195ff., 276-83 Communism, 263, 369, 378, 384 Compensation, theory of, 203 Competition, 21, 23, 40, 46, 48, 191, 202, 205, 207, 209, 230, 242, 259, 283, 297, 332, 342, 344, 368, 416, 419, 446, 450, 457, 466; ‘peaceful —’, 386, 452 Contradictions latent in capitalism, 202, 218, 227f., 239, 271, 286ff. Corn Laws, 231 Corvée, 33, 39, 42, 84, 369, 395 Crises, 14, 35f., 41, 46, 103f., 173, 176f., 191, 194, 199, 201ff., 211, 213, 216, 218, 222, 227f., 232, 235ff., 244ff., 261, 268, 272, 274, 281f., 286, 298, 305, 312ff., 318f., 323f., 332, 342, 346f., 419, 422, 424, 426, 428, 467 Crusoe, Robinson, 179, 182, 185, 261ff.

Dalrymple, Oliver, 403f., 409 Declining wage rate, 20f., 229, 241, 244, 250f., 253, 258f. Delamarre, Abbé, 393 Demand and supply (production), 36, 46, 133, 192f., 195, 200, 206, 212, 220ff., 230f., 242, 248, 324 — effective, 20, 34, 39, 131, 134, 155, 164f., 193f., 286, 329, 458, 461, 465f. Devers, A., 448 Dialectical approach, 69, 205, 209, 265, 366 Diehl, Prof., 228f., 256, 266f. Division of Labour, 79, 104, 128f., 148, 193, 233, 278, 297, 307f., 319, 321f. Duehring, 194

East India Company, 375f., 386f., 411 Economics, bourgeois, 31, 49, 51, 68f., 106, 108, 112, 137, 170, 173f., 177, 179, 181, 189f., 209, 215, 218, 244, 268, 271, 279f., 295, 310, 325f.; classical, 35, 57, 65, 67ff., 105, 108f., 179, 188f., 200, 203, 208, 210, 216, 227ff., 237, 238-252, 254, 256, 258, 266, 279, 325, 383, 446; vulgar, 35f., 81, 108, 177, 211f., 320 Economy, commodity, 368ff., 386-394, 402, 417, 419f., 427f., 449, 465 — natural, 42, 255, 293, 368-385, 386, 402, 415, 417, 419, 427, 443 — peasant, handicrafts and domestic industries, 41, 289, 296, 358, 369, 374, 395-418, 435, 438, 444f., 465 — rural, 272 Egypt, 41, 201f., 353, 358, 425, 429ff., 450f. Elgin, Lord, 391f. Engels, Friedrich, 95, 102, 154, 166, 168, 194, 228, 241, 250, 275, 288ff., 294, 449f. England, 173ff., 191, 218f., 227ff., 241, 245, 277, 286, 293, 297, 307f., 313, 316, 318, 352, 357, 366f., 391, 393, 410, 412, 420ff., 447ff. English cotton industry, 297, 342, 352, 357f., 362, 422 Exploitation, 17, 21ff., 46, 73f., 108, 116, 181ff., 196, 220, 228, 241, 247, 255, 334, 343f., 358ff., 364, 374, 386, 428, 445, 451, 456 Eyth, Engineer, 431, 437

Family Associations, 374, 377, 380f. Feudal system, 210, 293, 365, 368f., 381f. Foreign trade, 136, 205f., 236, 246, 282, 297, 306, 309, 313, 350; see also market Fowler’s Works, 431 France, 174, 177, 191, 214, 218, 227, 291, 296, 379, 391, 393, 420f., 431f., 445, 448ff. Franke, O., 373, 393 Free Trade, 205, 238, 242, 447ff.

General public (grand public), 135, 295, 298 Germany, 173, 271, 296f., 308, 366f., 420ff., 427, 442, 448ff. Gold, production of, 99ff., 141, 154, 301f. Great Britain, see England Gros, 392

Hangers-on of the capitalist class, cf. also Third persons, 14, 81f., 112, 134f., 222f., 295, 332f., 350, 420, 454ff., 464 Hanotaux, A., 378 Hansen, 26 Harmony, doctrine of, 173, 177, 200, 203f., 211ff., 228f., 238, 271, 305, 325f., 446f. Harrod, 19 Hermann, 243 Herodotus, 88f., 372 Hertzen, 273 Hicks, 28 Hobson, 21, 314

Ilyin, V., 189, 275, 287, 303, 309, 317, 320 Imperialism, 28, 320, 368, 416ff., 421, 445f., 452 India, 41f., 72, 88, 247, 286, 308, 352f., 365, 371ff., 380, 387, 425, 428, 454 Indian famine, 376, 382 — mutiny, 247, 374 Industrial reserve army, 15, 108, 111, 361 Intelligentsia, 273ff. Ismail Pasha, 33, 431ff., 438 Issayev, Prof., 275 Italy, 173, 449ff.

Japan, 247, 353

Kablukov, Prof., 275 Kaffir, 411ff. — Wars, 411, 413 Kalecki, 23 Kant, I., 326 Kareyev, 274 Kautsky, K., 228, 267, 318ff. Keynes, Lord, 20f., 26 Kirchmann, v., 227-37, 238, 244, 248, 250, 252f., 260f., 266, 268, 309f., 351, 366 Kovalevski, M., 373, 375f., 384

Labour, abstract and concrete, 67ff., 72, 105 — intellectual and material, 77 — paid and unpaid, 37ff., 55, 62, 65ff., 71, 73, 75, 98, 322f., 343 — past and present, 66f., 70, 75, 80, 88f. — problem, 363f. Labour, progressive productivity of, its capitalist and general social expression, 258, 321f., 335f., 349, 357 Lafargue, 399, 404 Laissez-faire, 173, 238, 274 Lassalle, F., 228 Lavrov, P., 274 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, see Ilyin Letournaux, A., 378 Lexis, 266 Leyden, V. v., 377 List, F., 307 Livingstone, Dr., 411 Loans, international, 387, 419-45, 451f. Lodyshenski, K., 449 Lotz, W., 448 Lucas, C. P., 414 Luxury goods, 81, 102, 163, 197ff., 208, 235ff., 260, 277

MacCulloch, J. R., 177, 189, 191-202, 203, 206f., 211, 220, 222, 229, 233, 264, 335 Maine, Sir Henry, 373f. Malthus, 24, 181, 211, 217, 219-23, 229, 298, 305, 309, 350 Manuilov, Prof., 275, 460 Market, internal and external, 236, 246, 277f., 283ff., 292, 294f., 299, 306ff., 316 — concept revised, 366 — problem of, 229f., 235, 277, 284, 289, 312ff., 345ff. Marx, K., 13f., 16ff., 31, 36f., 43, 49, 51, 54, 60, 62ff., 76-92, 95, 99ff., 120-38, 139-54, 155ff., 189, 203, 205, 212, 215, 217f., 220, 223, 228, 233, 241, 243f., 255f., 258, 264, 268, 274f., 281f., 287, 295, 298-310, 311f., 316ff., 320, 324f., 329ff., 348, 350f., 357, 359ff., 417; his diagram of capitalist reproduction, 84, 97, 99ff., 104, 113, 118f., 127, 274, 298-310, 311, 417, 428, 455; his diagram of enlarged reproduction, 120-138, 304f., 313ff., 318, 323f., 329-47, 348, 353f., 359, 361, 417, 458ff.; his diagram of simple reproduction, 76, 92, 103, 107, 112, 114, 173, 264, 299, 351, 361, 418 Marxism, 272ff., 310, 326; ‘legalist’, 275, 292, 294, 303, 305f., 317, 323, 324-6460; ‘orthodox’, 318 Mehemet Ali, 429, 435 Mehring, F., 228, 266f. Mikhailovski, Prof., 274 Militarism, 27, 248, 276, 282, 298, 309, 350, 371, 439, 454-67 Mill, James, 191, 212, 220ff., 372f., 375, 383 Mill, John Stuart, 279 Money, as form of pure value, 38f., 43f., 76, 140 — circulation, 20, 50, 93-106, 139ff., 148, 193, 213, 300ff., 324 — sources, 144ff., 151ff., 156, 158ff., 300ff. Monroe, President, 402 Moravitz, C., 443, 445 Most Favoured Nations Clause, 448

Napoleon Bonaparte, 173 Napoleon III, 431, 448 Negroes, 362ff., 411ff. Neo-Marxists, 291 Neo-Mercantilism, 296 Nikolayon, 275, 284-91, 292f., 299, 309, 351, 366, 408 Non-capitalist strata necessary for accumulation, 319f., 351ff., 357, 359, 361ff., 368, 386, 416, 427, 429, 446, 450, 452, 466 Nyok Ching Tsur, Dr., 395

Obshchina, 273, 288, 290 Opium Wars, 27, 247, 387, 391, 393, 447 Oppenheim, M. v., 439 Ort, 231f., 248, 252 Over-production, 91, 104, 149, 195, 199f., 213, 221, 235, 250, 252, 254, 279, 281f., 298, 324, 342 Owen, Robert, 174f., 191, 240

Palikao, Count, 392 Pan-Germans, 247 Peasantry, 27; their expropriation, 288, 296, 362, 364, 369, 374f. Peel, Sir Robert, 245 Peffer, Senator, 396, 398, 400f., 406f. Physiocrats, 31, 49, 51, 56f., 62, 68, 71, 106, 233 Planned economy, 78f., 103f., 128ff., 195, 248, 312, 323 Plekhanov, Prof., 272, 275 Population increase, 15, 41, 78, 91, 107, 133f., 239, 360f., 371 Populism, 272ff., 283, 286ff., 303, 306, 309, 317, 325, 351 Positivism, 326 Pressel, Engineer, 441f. Primitive social organisations, 32, 39, 41f., 72, 362, 368ff., 377, 415, 428, 454 Private enterprise, 79, 103, 248 Production, and consumption, 45f., 204, 211, 218, 244, 253, 260, 304f., 324, 326, 343, 349 — for social requirements, 37, 42, 129, 133, 139, 220, 260, 285, 304f., 316 — its two departments, 16, 18f., 23, 25, 83ff., 95ff., 99, 102, 114ff., 123ff., 127ff., 137, 233, 299, 323, 334, 336, 339ff., 353, 355, 417, 434 — capitalist, as creation of surplus value, 37ff., 42, 78, 84, 107, 343, 367, 427 — — as end in itself, 311, 316f., 320, 333, 346 — — its universal domination, 216f., 331, 333, 348, 351, 353, 361, 365, 410, 417, 467 Productive consumption, 236f., 316 Profit, of enterprise, 38, 232, 234 — motive, 34, 305, 322f. Profit, rate, 17, 23f., 79f., 167; (declining) 259, 320, 326, 338, 343f., 367 Progress, 28, 79, 89, 130f., 204, 216, 245, 249, 258f., 274, 296, 320, 323, 339 Property, ownership, 214, 248f., 265, 380f., 413 — communal, 77, 248, 289, 379, 381 — in land, 256, 262, 264f., 370 — — vested in Sovereign, 372f., 380f. — private, 196, 240, 322, 378, 380, 382ff. Proudhon, 137, 227, 241, 264f. Punjab Alienation Act, 376

Quesnay, 31, 48ff., 57, 62, 104f., 211

Railway construction, 289, 353, 398, 402, 409, 419ff., 425ff., 439, 445 Renner, K., 455 Rent, 38, 50ff., 57ff., 64, 68, 135, 181, 254f., 257, 266 Rentier, 223, 254 Reproduction, enlarged, 13, 40ff., 80, 89ff., 102, 107-19, 151, 155, 169, 184, 197, 209, 268, 300, 303, 312, 317f., 329, 335, 339f., 351, 353, 355, 429 — simple, 13, 15, 19, 41, 48, 98, 102, 104, 107f., 112f., 115, 127f., 130, 139, 143ff., 155f., 160ff., 165, 169, 187, 190, 197, 199f., 298, 300, 302, 312, 317, 329, 334, 338, 348, 351, 354 — transition from simple to enlarged, 123, 144f., 147, 150, 162f., 318; see also Marx Rhodes, Cecil, 413f., 416 Ricardo, D., 53f., 57, 62, 67f., 105f., 109f., 179, 181, 189, 191, 194ff., 203-10, 211, 215ff., 229f., 232f., 237, 240f., 243ff., 248, 254, 257, 261, 266, 268, 271, 279ff., 305, 324f., 345f., 350, 366, 383, 447 ‘Right to Work’, 227, 229f. Roberts of Kandahar, Lord, 374 Rodbertus, 22f., 54, 227ff., 237, 238-51, 252-68, 271, 274, 281f., 351 Rothstein, Th., 436ff. Rozet, A., 385 Rusk, Secretary, 406 Russia, 167, 173, 271f., 275ff., 283f., 287ff., 297, 308, 326, 357, 419ff., 445, 449f., 452

St. Simon, 191 Said Pasha, 433ff. Saling, 441 Saving, 17f., 20ff., 22f., 27, 163, 236f., 239, 260f., 265f. Say, J. B., 53ff., 62f., 177ff., 189, 191, 204, 206, 210, 211-18, 219f., 222, 229ff., 237, 248, 254, 257, 264, 266, 268, 279, 305, 324f., 335, 366 Schaeffle, Prof., 293, 295, 307, 424 Scheibert, J., 388, 390 Schmoller, Prof., 293, 295ff. Schneider, S., 440 Schultze, E., 410 Sering, 401, 407, 409f. Severance of labour power from the means of production, 181, 210, 402 — of agriculture and trade (industry), 369, 395f. Simmons, A. M., 398 Simons, 363 Sismondi, 24, 35, 53, 115, 173-90, 191-202, 203-10, 211-18, 219f., 222f., 227ff., 237, 240, 245, 248ff., 256, 260, 264, 268, 271, 274, 281f., 287f., 292, 309, 312, 317, 342, 350ff., 365f., 423ff. Skvortsov, Prof., 275 Slavery, 33, 39, 72f., 84, 161, 209f., 241, 243, 255f., 359, 363, 369, 379, 400, 412, 432 Slavophiles, 273, 276 Smith, Adam, 36, 48, 50ff., 83, 105f., 108ff., 166, 169, 180, 185, 187ff., 191, 210f., 215, 228, 230f., 233, 256f., 260ff., 264, 266, 271, 346, 351, 383 Socialism, 228f., 266, 274, 325f., 467; English, 244; Utopian, 217; and Marx’s analysis, 131 Sombart, Prof., 308 Spheres of interest, 445, 447, 452 State as consumer, 223, 454ff., 458, 460, 463, 466 Struve, Peter v., 275, 292-97, 298, 307, 309ff., 325f., 350 Suez Canal, 33, 430f., 433, 435ff. Surplus value, 14, 18f., 38, 62, 78, 109ff., 128, 135, 139, 141, 185ff., 199, 207, 220, 234f., 253, 255ff., 265ff., 298, 301f., 310, 317, 332ff., 342f., 350, 353f., 357f., 365ff., 454, 456, 463, 466; its capitalisation, 108, 112ff., 132, 136, 140, 142, 146f., 151f., 163, 165, 170, 184, 188, 196, 198, 237, 330f., 338, 340f., 345, 355, 357, 359f., 367, 417, 421, 428, 446, 451, 456, 464; its consumption, 159ff., 169, 197, 254, 298, 303, 348, 354; ‘destruction’, 281f., 310, 344; definition, 37f., 77; realisation, 98ff., 132, 139, 142, 155ff., 165, 170, 200, 205ff., 278, 292f., 300, 303, 309f., 329, 341f., 346, 351, 355, 359, 365, 386, 417, 419, 421, 426, 428f., 442, 444, 451, 454, 461f.; contradiction between its production and realisation, 345, 365 Sweezy, 13, 21

Tariffs, protective, 231, 297, 399, 446-53, 456 Taussig, 399f. Taxation, 369, 373f., 379, 381, 383, 394, 396, 399, 435ff., 443, 455, 458, 464f.; indirect, 455ff., 460f., 463f. Tax collector, 372f., 443f. ‘Third Persons’, 135, 159, 292-7, 298, 305, 348, 350, 458 ‘Three World Empires’, 292-7 Timur (Tamerlane), 375 Tooke, 156 Trade Unions, 271, 461 Tucker, Josiah, 211 Tugan Baranovski, Prof., 23, 210, 275, 303, 305f., 310, 311-23, 324ff., 330, 335f., 346, 366, 422ff. Turkey, 353, 385, 419, 425f., 436, 439, 442, 445

Unemployment, 177, 208, 240, 282 Usury, 373, 377, 381, 383f. Utopianism, 249, 262, 264, 268, 288, 291

Value, problem of pure, 35f. — Marx’s theory of, 66, 68, 105, 281 — Ricardo’s theory of, 68, 105 — Rodbertus’ theory of, 240ff., 256, 259 Value, Adam Smith’s theory of, 62, 64ff., 105f. — relationships and material points of view, 81f., 105, 112, 264, 336, 354, 417 Victoria, Queen, 393 Violence, 371, 446, 452 Vorontsov, V., 24, 274f., 276-83, 287, 291ff., 299, 303, 309f., 350, 366, 460

Wagner, Prof., 256, 266f., 293, 295, 297, 307 Warren, Count, 375 Wilson, H. H., 372f. Wilson, James, 376 World (international) Commerce, 205, 307f., 359 World Market, 200, 202, 205, 296f., 308

Zadruga, 378