INDEX

Abolitionists, mobbed, 71; burn U. S. Constitution, 72; private lives of leaders irreproachable, 89; become factor in national politics; Boston captured by; "slave-catchers" now mobbed; national election turns on vote, 95-6; anti-slavery in Faneuil Hall, 97; election again turns on vote of, 99; impartial observer on influence of, 105; Professor Smith on, 106 Abolition petitions in Congress, influence of, 102 Abolition societies, in 1840, 93 Adams, John Quincy, becomes champion of Abolitionists, 90; defends right of petition, 91 Alien and Sedition laws, 1798, 18; nature of, 19 Americans, world's record for hard fighting, 201 Andrews, Prof. E. A., slavery conditions South, 79 Anti-slavery people and Abolitionists grouped, 104; Douglas charged "Black Republican" party with favoring "negro citizenship and negro equality," 167 Aristocracy in South, 159, 160, 161 Articles of Confederation, 15 Author, antecedents, explanation of, 10-11 Author's conclusions, 242-3-4 Biglow Papers, 97-8 Birney, James G., mobbed, 87 Boston meeting, Dr. Hart overlooks, 73 Boston Resolutions, 64 Burke, Edmund, on conciliation, 109; spirit of liberty in slave-holding communities, 158 Calhoun, John C., prophecy of, 167-8 Cause of sectional conflict, Abolition societies and their methods, 205 Channing, Dr. Wm. E., encomium on Great Britain, 39; letter to Webster, 47; opinion of Abolitionists, 87; his change, 88 Characters and careers, of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis, 188-192 Churches, North and South, opposition to slavery; a stupendous change, 67; "whole cloth arrayed against" Garrison, 68; Southern churches still defend slavery; Northern changed; Methodist church disrupted, 70 Coatesville lynching, 224 Colonies, juxtaposed, not united, 15 Colonization Society, origin of and purposes, 44; its supporters, 45; making progress; Abolitionists halted it, 46 Compromise of 1850; excitement in Congress, 106; great leaders in; Webster on 7th of March, 107; Clay's speech, 112; new fugitive slave law gave offence, 128 Confederate States with old Constitution—changes slight, 186 Constitution, Alien and Sedition Laws first palpable infringement, 3; powers conferred by discussed, 16; as supreme law Southerners still cling to, 207 Cope, Prof. E. D., advocated deportation to prevent amalgamation, 241 Cotton gin, accepted theory as to denied, 12 Courage of, and losses in, both armies, 195 Criminality, of negroes greater than of whites, 240 Cromwell and the Great Revolution, analogy to, 8 Curtis, George Ticknor, quotation from "Life of Buchanan," 14 Davis, Jefferson, farewell speech, 181; doubts about success—sadness, 190 Democrats, North, opposed negro suffrage, 212 Deportation, no country ready to take negro, 82 Disunion, project among Federalist leaders, 1803-4, 25; sentiment in Congress, 1794, 24 Emancipation, easy North; difficult South, 40; Federal government, no power over, 41; status North in 1830, 52 Emancipations, South, what accomplished in 1831, 50; census tables, 51 Embargo of 1807, why repealed, 26 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, eulogizes John Brown, 15 Everett, Edward, denunciation of John Brown expedition, 152 Extradition, refused, of abductors of slaves, Supreme Court powerless, 176 Federalists, construed Constitution liberally, 17 Fite, Professor at Yale, declares Republicans in 1860 hoped to destroy slavery, 175; justification of secession, 182 Freedman's Bureau, its composition, 221 Free speech, Channing defends Abolitionists as champions of, 87; John Quincy Adams becomes advocate, 90 Fugitive slave law, North not opposing in 1828, 53; Missouri Compromise provided for, 54 Garrison, William Lloyd, began Liberator; personality and characteristics, 56; key-note, slavery the concern of all; slave-holders to be made odious, 58 Godkin, E. L., on negro as factor in politics, 237 Greeley, Horace, draws comfort from John Brown's raid, 153 Hartford Convention, 28 Helper, Hinton Rowan, his book, 165 Higher law idea, prompted Abolition Crusade—and Czolgosz to murder McKinley, 206 Immigration and Union sentiment; number of immigrants, 33; few South, 34 Incendiary literature, sent South, 62; North aroused; Andrew Jackson's message, 63; Boston Resolutions, 64; indictment in Alabama; requisition on Governor of New York, 98 Incompatibility of slavery and freedom; Lincoln's Springfield speech, 81; Garrison first to announce doctrine; Abraham Lincoln next; then Seward, 147-8 Insurrections, Denmark Vesey plot at Charleston, 59; Nat Turner in Virginia; Walker's pamphlet, 60 Irish patriots, Mitchel and Meagher, divide on secession, 35 John Brown's raid, 149; his secret committee, 151 Johnson, Andrew, succeeding Lincoln, carried out plan, 213 Johnston, Sir Harry, on negro in South, highest degree of advancement, 237 Kansas, fierce struggles in; Sumner's bitter speech, 142-3 Kansas-Nebraska Act, Douglas originated, 135; aggravated sectionalism, 136 Kentucky Resolutions, 1798, 19; Jefferson the author, 20; copy of first of, 21 Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798-9; Secessionists relied on, 21; Jefferson and Madison's reasons for, 22 Know-Nothing party, its origin; purposes; appeal for the Union, 140-1-2 Las Casas, Bishop, advice to King of Spain, 237 Liberia, sending negroes to, called "expatriation"; enterprise a failure, 46; Lincoln's hopes of, 81; why it failed—Miss Mahoney's account, 169-70-71 Lincoln, South no more responsible for slavery than North, 49; speech at Charleston, Ill., 81; finds no country ready to take American negro, 82; South in 1860 thought him radical; had favored white supremacy in 1858, 185; speech at Peoria, 186; assassination of, 209 Lodge, Henry Cabot, declares popular verdict against Webster, 118; he had undertaken the impossible, 120; his argument good, he not man to make it, 121 Lundy, Benjamin, attempts to stir up North against slavery South, 47 Lynchings, tables, 239; comments on, 240 McMaster, affirms Webster behind the times (note), 100 Missouri, controversy over slavery, 52; distinct from that begun later by "New Abolitionists," 53 Mobs, Garrison mobbed; many anti-slavery riots North, 71; violence toward Abolitionists in North reacted, 85; opponents became defenders, 86 Mound Bayou, a negro town, 242 Nationality, spirit of; causes of, development of, 30; grows, North; South on old lines, 35 Navy, U. S., deciding factor in war, 198-9 Negro, the, located now much as in 1860, 7; Lincoln could find no home abroad for, 206; reasons for smallness of vote South, 233; improvement; Booker Washington's opinion, 236; benefited by slavery; attained South highest degree of advancement, 237; best opportunities South, 241; Confederate veterans best friends there, 243 Ohio, Resolutions looking to co-operative emancipation; responses of other States to, 42; Southern reason for, 43; Northern, kindly temper of, 44 Otis, Harrison Gray, on Boston Resolutions, 65 Pamphlets, venomous one cited, 75 Personal liberty laws, eleven States passed; Alexander Johnston says absolutely without excuse, 177 Petition, right of, in Congress, 90; "gag resolution," 92 Political conditions, North and South compared, 162-3-4 "Poor whites," discussion of, and of social conditions South, 155-6-7 Presidential campaign 1860, excitement, 171 Press, Northern slandering South, 153; Southern slandering North, 154 Race animosities, negro's aspirations to social equality; legal enactments, 238; whites embittered by crime against white women, 239 Reagan, "Republican rule on Abolition principles," 105 Reconstruction, Lincoln's theory; veto of resolution asserting power of Congress over, 208; last speech, adhering to plan, 210 Reconstruction by Johnson under Lincoln plan; wisdom of Lincoln-Johnson plan, John Sherman; opposition to it partisan, Senator Cullom, 211; South accepts plan; senators and representatives, 214; negro problem and Jefferson's prediction, 215; apprenticeship and vagrancy laws, Blaine's attack on, 217 Reconstruction, Congressional, extremists bent on negro suffrage when Congress convened in 1865, 212; preparations for; committee of fifteen; Shellabarger's appeal to war passions, 215; South denied representation; Southerners reject Fourteenth Amendment; Garfield denounces rebel government, 219; Johnson's reconstructed State governments swept away; universal suffrage for negro; South sends Republicans to Congress, 220; witnesses before "Committee of Fifteen" rewarded; Southern counsels divided, 223; carpet-baggers and scalawags, 224; intolerable political conditions; race issue forced upon whites, 226; whites recover self-government, 227 Republican party, the modern; its origin; Mr. Rhodes on, 138-139; nominates Frémont and Dayton; denounces slavery; excitement; defeated, 144 Resources, war, North and South compared, 191-2-3 Salem Church monument, 9 Santo Domingo, memory of massacre in, 80 Seceded States, wretched conditions in 1865, 214 Seceding States, desire to preserve Constitution, 179 Secession, early threats of not connected with slavery, 26; Josiah Quincy threatens, 1811; Massachusetts legislature endorses him, 28; in early days belief in general, 28; Massachusetts legislature threatens, 1844, 29; eleven States seceded, 179; Prof. Fite justifies, his ground, 182; motives for in 1860-1, 183 Self-government restored; local clashes, no race war; based on Lincoln's idea, superiority of white man, 229; constitutional amendments to restore purity of ballot, 233; industrial results amazing, 234-5; negro vote small—reasons, 231 Seward, leader of Republican party, 178 Situation in Alabama in 1835—letter of John W. Womack, 79 Slavery, Great Britain abolishes, compensates owners, 39; South's "calamity not crime," 48; debate in Virginia Assembly, 61 Slaves, protect masters' families during war, 132-3; a surprise to North, 133-4 Slave-trade, New England's part in, 37; South protests against; sentiment against arises in England, sweeps over America, 38 Social conditions South, 155-60 South unwilling to accept idea of incompatibility of slave and free States, 94-5; bitterness in, 101; on defensive-aggressive, 126; excited; filibustering; importation of slaves, 145 Spencer, Herbert, slavery once a necessary phase of human progress, 237 Sprague, Peleg, on Boston Resolutions, 66 Suffrage, Lincoln thought Southerners themselves should control, 203 Sumner, Charles, philippic against South; Brooks's attack on, 143-4; negro suffrage to give "Unionists" new allies, 220 Texas, application for admission, 93; Channing threatens secession if admitted, 94 Tilden, Samuel J., letter to Kent, secession inevitable if Lincoln elected, 172-3-4 Underground railroads, Professor Hart's picture of, 103 Union, the, Webster's great speech for in 1830, 31; effect of, 32 Union sentiment South; Whigs, 34 "Uncle Tom's Cabin," influence on Northern sentiment, 129-133 War, the, nature of, 180 Washington, a Federalist, 18; his appeal for Union, 30 Webster, on 7th of March, 107; his sole concession, 111; condemns personal liberty laws and Abolitionists, 115; congratulated and denounced, 117; "Ichabod," 119; Rhodes's estimate of, 122; his speech for "The Constitution and the Union"; Wilkinson's estimate of, 122; E. P. Wheeler's estimate of, 125; Webster's opinion of Abolitionists and Free-soilers, 126 Welles, Gideon, opinion in 1867 as to debasing elective franchise, 232 Whites, South, fought fraud with fraud during Reconstruction, till Constitution amended continued it, 232; difficulties of their task, 233; growing spirit of altruism; school taxes divided pro rata, 234 Wilmot proviso, 111 Wisconsin nullifies fugitive slave law, 178 Women, devotion of during war, North and South, 195

FOOTNOTES:

Transcriber's note:

Hyphenation is inconsistent.

Obvious printer's errors have been corrected.

Page 49: 'Prior to the rise of the Abolitionists in 1831, emancipationists in the South had been free to grapple with conditions as they found them.'

The words "in the" have been supplied by the transcriber.

Index reference to Johnston, Sir Harry: the transcriber has changed page 257 to read 237.