Part 2 — INDEX
Reading edition
Adler: Miss Nettie, 108, 123, 124
Aftalion: A., 2, 255
Alien immigration, 197
America: Children’s work in, 115, 119–122, 128; “sweating” in, 143; a living wage in, 149–151; low cost of production, 184; cotton trade, 221; child labour in cotton mills, 226; southern states, 227
Anti-Sweating league: in Melbourne, 247
Apprentices, parish: Act of, 218
Arbitration Courts in New Zealand, 235, 236
Army and Navy Stores, 176, 177
Australia: wage board in Victoria, 246; in Melbourne, 247; minimum wage in Melbourne, 251; legislation in New South Wales, 257
Babies’ shoe making, 105
Bake houses: boys working in, 109
Ball covering, 15
Bird cage making, 14
Boot finishing, 15
Boot making, 105
Booth: Chas., 6, 65, 148, 155, 201
Bosanquet: Mrs, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159
Box making: children’s work, 106
Brickfields: children working in, 110
Cabmen, 76
Cabs and Omnibuses Bill: report of select committee, 82, 83, 97
Cadbury: Edward, 3
“Case for the Factory Acts: The,” 114
Chapman: Prof. S. J., 220
“Child Labour” (No. 93, Annals of American Academy), 119 120–122, 125, 128–130
278Children: as home workers, 104; unpunctual at school through home work, 105; babies’ shoe making, 105, 108; dodging educational authorities, 106; working all night, 106; match box making, 106, 108; string bag making, 107; tooth brush making, 107; kid belt making, 107; wood chopping, 107; wood polishing, 107; steel covering, 108; fish basket sewing, 108; in small laundries, 108; half timers, 112; errand boys, 108; Saturday and evening boys, 108; barbers’ lather boys, 108; matching girls, 109; street trading, 109; their labour of little use to them later in life, 109; boys working in bake houses, 109; in brick-fields, 110; heavy loads, 110–111; in textile trades, 110–111, 112; in the potteries, 114; general remarks on child labour, 140
Civil Service Stores, 177
Clerks and Bookkeepers, 71, 138
Committee on wage-earning children, 108
Competition, free: its effect upon labour, 166; checks upon, 195
Confectionery, 29, 32, 110
Consumers: Associations of, 176
Consumers’ League, A: impractibility of, 205–211; in America, 210; influence on public opinion, 210
Co-operation: Industrial, 176, 177, 180
Co-operative Stores, 201, 202
Co-operative Union, 180
279Cost of labour: recognition of its true cost, 173
Cotton mills: children’s work, 110–111, 112–113
Cotton trade: not natural to Britain, 214–217; condition of workers in 1830, 217; prosperity increased under higher wages, 219; in Bristol, 227
“Cotton Trade Circular,” 222
Cotton workers: educational improvement of, 225
Crabtree: Mr, Inspector of Factories, 221
Cuthbertson: Miss, Inspector of Factories, Victoria, 256
Daily News, 59, 60
Daily News: Sweated Industries Exhibition, 10, 18, 142, 148
Danger of Fire, 35
Dockers’ Union, 135
Dressmaking, 29, 32
Drink and Poverty: some facts about, 198; lessened by shorter hours, 200
Early marriages: reason for, among working class, 197
Economy of high wages, 165, 184, 228
Edgworth: Maria, 115
Education: effect of child labour on, 125
Efficiency: remarks on, 158
Emigration, 196, 211
Employers: responsibility for strikes, 184; duty to pay a fair wage, 187; in cotton trade, 225; in Bristol, 227
Errand boys, 108; Saturday and evening workers, 108; barbers’ lather boys, 108
Factories: reports of chief inspector, 25, 29, 32, 37, 38, 39, 109–111, 221; in Australia, 252–254, 256
Factory Acts: beneficial effects, 181, 188, 194, 224, 267; in Australia, 247; evasion of, 255
Factory girls: an appreciation of, 134; manners of, 136; code of honour, 137
280Factory work: general remarks on, 133
Factory workers: their condition compared with home workers, 23, 46
Fair wage, a: what is a fair wage, 161; pessimist view, 212–214
Fines and deductions, 39, 41, 54
Fish basket sewing, 108
Foreign Competition: effect on a minimum wage, 271
Free Libraries, 225
Free Trade League, 220
Gaskell: P, 217
Germany, 143; cotton trade in, 221; possibility of legislation to curtail sweating, 264, 265
Gissing: Geo., 72
Glass works in America, 120–121
Guardian: The, 210
Half timers, 112
Health: of home workers, 17; of factory workers, 25; of shop assistants, 55; of child workers, 115, 121–125
Heavy loads, 110–111
High wages and cheap production, 260
“Historical Development of the Factory Acts,” 114
Hogg: Mrs, 18, 118
Home Industries for women: report on, 2
Home Office enquiry, 125
Home work: report on, 2; in Birmingham, 3; match box making, 3; shirt making, 10; paper-bag making, 11; toy making, 13; pipe making, 13; bird cage making, 14; weaving, 14; boot finishing, 15, 105; ball covering, 15; tooth brush making, 18, 20; miscellaneous trades, 21
Home workers: Condition of, 17; general remarks on, 132; impossibility of organisation, 186
Hours of work: piece work, 16; long hours in factories, 29, 30, 31; shop assistants, 53, 58; in Scotland, 66; waitresses, 69; 281railway men, 77; omnibus men, 83; motor omnibus men, 92; children’s hours of work at home, 108; in tin works, 110; work at home after closing hours, 188; women in textile trades, 218
House of Lords Committee on Early Closing of Shops, 68
Hutchins: Miss B. L., 114
Industrial efficiency: effect of Child Labour on, 130–131; caused by fair wages, 227
Industrial Unions of New Zealand, 234
Ireland: copartnership in, 179
Ironing, 108
Irwin: Miss, 3, 17, 66, 67, 68, 69
Jackman: Marshall, 124, 125
Jam-making. See Confectionery
Jarvis family: History of, 7
Johnson: Dr, 157
“Juvenile wage earners and their work,” 108, 123
Kelley: Mrs Florence, 120, 125, 129
Kid belt making, 107
Labour and other commodities: difference in essence between, 171
Labour co-partnerships, 176; in Ireland, 179
Laundries: long hours in, 31
Laundry work, 108
Lead poisoning: risk of, 37
Legislation for a minimum wage: need of, 272
Living wage: estimate of, 149
London County Council: as employer, 100; contrasted with private companies, 101; bye-laws relating to child labour, 119, 124; Medical Officer’s report, 123
Longman’s Magazine, 206
MacDonald: J. Ramsay, 65
Manchester physicians’ report on child labour in 1784, 112
282“Manufacturing population of England,” 217
Martindale: Miss, Inspector of Factories, 111
Match box making, 3, 7; child workers, 106
Matching girls, 109
Matheson: M. Cécile, 3
Maxwell: Mr, Scottish Wholesale Co-operative Society, 261, 262
Maxwell: W. B., 72
Melbourne Age: The; crusade against sweating, 247
Minimum wage: legislation in New Zealand, 231–246; in Australia, 246–258; practicability of legislation in England, 258–259; effect of a minimum wage, 271
Miscellaneous trades, 21
Mitchell: John, 149–151
Moral aspect of shop assistant’s life, 72
Moral effect of child labour, 127–131
Nail and chain making, 12
National Anti-Sweating League, 261
National aspect of better conditions, 192
National income, 195
National Union of Shop Assistants, etc., 55
New Zealand: state arbitration, 231–239; industrial unions of, 234; arbitration court, 235, 236; wages in, 244
Non-competitive systems, 176
Non-producers, 195
Novels: showing shop assistant’s life, 72
Old age pension: in Australia, 256
Omnibus men: drivers and conductors; licences, 81; wages, 83; expenses, 83; liability for accidents, 85; drivers and conductors of motor omnibuses; hours of work, 92; wages, 92; breakdowns, 94; uniform, 98; spies, 99; general remarks, 140, 143, 164
283“Organised labour,” 151
Ormsby: Sir Lambert, 124
Over population, 195
Packing and filling: cocoa, 25; tea, 26; jam, 26; cartridges, 26
Paper-bag making, 11, 24
Payment, See Wages
Peel: Sir Robert, 114
Physical deterioration, 273
Pipe making, 13
Potteries: children working in, 114
Poverty: investigations into, 148–149; physical and mental effects on the individual, 273–274
Railway workers: hours, 77; porters’ wages, 77; “blacklisting,” 78; general remarks on, 140, 164
Reeves, W. Pember, 231, 233, 237, 239, 248
Rochdale pioneers, 178
Romilly: Sir Samuel, 113
Rowntree: Seebohm, 148, 149
Ryan: Father, 149, 151
Sanitary Acts: competition checked by, 181, 191, 194
Sanitary conditions: of factories, 33; shop assistants’ quarters, 58; high standard in cotton factories, 223
Schoenhof: J., 131, 165, 184, 228
Scottish Council for Women’s Trades, 3, 126
Scottish Wholesale Co-operative Society, 261
Shann: Geo., M.A., 3
Shirt making, 10, 144
Shop assistants: living in, 48; code of rules, 54; wages, 60; “premiums,” 60; commissions, 62; condition in Scotland, 66; general remarks, 138
Small: Prof. Albion, 149
Spiers & Pond, Ltd., 70
Squire, Miss: Inspector of Factories, 35, 36
State arbitration in New Zealand, 231; success of, 239
Steel covering, 108
284Street trading by children, 109
Strikes, 183, 184; in the colonies, 232
String bag making, 107
“Sweating”: definition of the term, 1; not confined to cheap goods, 22, 142; general remarks, 132, 143; not unknown in the colonies, 230; a source of weakness to nations, 266–269
Tailoring, 29; wages in New Zealand, 244
Tariff Commission, 220, 225, 226
Tattersall: Mr W., 222
Temperance, 198, 211
Temperature: extremes of, 40; in cotton factories, 223–224
Textile trades: Children’s work, 110–111, 112–113
Thear: Miss, Inspector of Factories, Victoria, 256
Thomas: Dr, 123
Thrift among working classes, 201; not advisable, 202–205
Tooth brush making, 18, 20, 107
Toy making, 12
Trade unions, 182, 184; mistakes of, 185; as provident societies, 201, 202; in cotton trade, 225, 226; lack of trade organisation in Bristol cotton mills, 227, 228; in New Zealand, 237
Underpaid worker: cost to the nation, 170–171
Underpayment: how it comes about, 144–160; not caused by inefficiency, 159
United States: see America
Ventilation, 224
Verney, Mr: Inspector of Factories, 222
Vines, Miss: Inspector of Factories, 31, 37
Wages: match box making, 5, 7; shirt making, 10, 144–145; paper-bag making, 12; toy making, 13; clay pipe making, 14; ball covering, 16; brush making, 20; miscellaneous trades, 21; 285packing and filling, 23, 26, 27, 28; machinists, 41; shop assistants, 60; waitresses, 70; female clerks and bookkeepers, 71; railway porters, 77; omnibus men, 83; motor omnibus men, 92; children’s wages for home work, 105–106; wages, how determined, 152; what is a fair wage, 161; articles of dress, 188; textile workers, 218–219; tailoresses in New Zealand, 244; factory wages in Australia, 252–254; high wages and cheap production, 260–261
Waitresses: in restaurants, 67; in railway stations, 68; hours of work, 67, 68; expenses of, 69; general remarks on, 138
Washing appliances, 37
Watts: Alderman; of Manchester, 123
Weaving, 14
Webb: Catherine, 176
Webb: Mrs Sydney, 114
Wells: H. G., 72
Whiteley’s, Ltd.: William, 54
Women in the printing trades, 65
Women’s Co-operative Guild, 180
“Women’s employment in shops,” 67, 69
Women’s Industrial Council, 2, 3, 6, 7, 17, 56, 72, 188, 189
“Women’s work and wages,” 3, 39, 65
Women workers: difficulty of organisation, 185, 186
Wood chopping, 107
Wood polishing, 107
Woodward: S. W., 130
Work done below cost price, 164
Worth: meanings of, 162
Zola: E., 72
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Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.
Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter.