INDEX.

A

Alatri, its alliance with Rome, 206; its special interest to be found in its primæval remains, 207; not named in the Itineraries, ib.; its walls, 209, 212 et seq.; position of the arx, 210, 213; its cathedral church on the site of the primæval temple, 211, 212, 219; gateway of the arx, 215; contrasted with Mykênê, 216; mediæval remains at, 298; church of Sta. Maria Maggiore at, ib.; its domestic architecture, ib.

Alba, its destruction, 110, 112, 120; use of the name, ib.; Roman villas at, 111, 112; analogy of its relation to Albano with that of Spalato and Salona, 112. See Albano.

Alban Lake, the, 110, 114, 119, 165

Alban Mount, the, 110, 119, 165; remains of temple of Jupiter Latiaris on, 111, 122, 142

Albania, use of the name, 108, 109

Albano (Alba), imperial dwelling-place, 112; its relation to Alba contrasted with that of Spalato and Salona, ib.; tomb of Pompeius at, 113; so-called tomb of Aruns at, ib.

Ἀλβανοί, use of the name, 109, 110, 222

Albanum. See Albano.

Alexander III., Pope, consecrated at Ninfa, 147

Anagni (Anagnia), its position beyond Rome, 167; the city of Boniface VIII., 168; the halting-place of Pyrrhos and Hannibal, 169; head of the Hernican confederation, ib., 172; joins the Triple League, 172; physical position of, 173; its ancient walls, ib.; how they differ from those at Cori and Segni, 174, 175, 179; Hernican Anagnia not in Macaulay's catalogues, 174; variety of construction in its walls, 175-177; question as to their earliest date, 177-180; decline of its power, 179; separate wall of the arx, 180; special character of derived from its walls, ib., 181; historically famous for its mediæval Popes, 181; rich mediæval remains in, ib., 182; compared with Avignon, 181; cathedral church at, 183; the Locanda d'Italia no longer exists at, 219

Ancona, triumphal arch of Trajan at, 268

Anselm, at Telesia, 256; defends the Filioque at the Council of Bari, 305; sheltered at Schiavia, 307

Antemnæ, lack of remains at, 88, 94-96; its legendary story, 92; derivation of its name, 93

Antivari, Eastern Bari, 280, 295

Anxur (Terracina), 120, 121, 128

Appian Way, the, its namesake at Perugia, 28; remains of, 115; arch of Trajan at Beneventum commemorates the repair of, 269

Apulia, plain of, 251, 282; mixture of architectural styles in, 293, 294

Aquileia, its special position in history, 239, 240

Arch, the, early striving after, at Norba, 145; at Signia, 160-162; its principle known at Anagni, 175, 179, 180; the true form not found at Alatri, 215; the pointed arch in Southern Italy, Sicily, and Aquitaine Romanesque, not Gothic, 243

Arches, triumphal, their purely monumental character, 268, 269

Arco Gotico, at Tusculum, origin of the name, 161, 162

Arezzo, its historical and physical position, 1-7, 13; its Medicean walls, 4, 5; lack of domestic architecture in, 8; the Duomo and church of Sta. Maria della Pieve, 6, 7, 9-11

Aricia, old and new, 114, 115, 126, 165

Arles, Roman theatre at, compared with that at Ostia, 103

Assisi, præ-Franciscan, its analogy with præ-academic Oxford, 48; the birth-place of Propertius and Metastasio, 48, 49; Roman and mediæval remains in, 49, 52-57; its physical position, 50-52; so-called temple of Minerva at, 52-54; its dedication to Castor and Pollux, ib.; Roman inscriptions, 54

Athens, her sea-port of later origin than Ostia, 99

Aurelius, Marcus, Emperor, at Anagnia, 178

Aversa, Norman county of, 241

Avignon, its papal buildings compared with those of Anagni, 181

B

Bari, Western, as opposed to Antivari, 279, 280, 295; under Mussulman rule, 296; won back by both Empires in 871, ib.; under the Eastern Empire, ib.; protected by Venice, 297; Norman conquest of, ib.; council at, held by Pope Urban, ib., 305; Greek character of, 298; mixed Norman and Italian style of architecture in, ib.; Abbey of St. Nicolas and cathedral church of St. Sabinus at, 299-305; its cosmopolitan character, 306; tomb of Bona, Queen of Poland, in church of St. Nicolas, 306, 307

Barletta, 285, 287

Basilicas, 238-241

Belisarius, at Beneventum, 273

Beneventum (Benevento), the battle-ground of Pyrrhos and Manfred, 262, 272, 278; its position in history, 264 et. seq.; principality of, ib.; Lombardy duchy of, 266; papal possession of, ib.; its change of name, ib., 267; described by Procopius, ib., 279; arch of Trajan at, 268, 271, 272; among the Thirty Cities, 273; Belisarius at, ib.; taken by Totilas, ib.; monumental records preserved in its metropolitan church, ib., 274; overthrown by Frederick the Second, 274, 275; Canterbury cope worn by archbishop of, 276, 305; the castle, 277; Quaranta Santi, 278

Bitonto, mixture of Norman and Italian elements in its cathedral church, 288-294

Bona, wife of Sigismund, King of Poland, her tomb at Bari, 306, 307

Boniface VIII., Pope, his end at Anagni, 164, 168; his vestments kept at Anagni, 183

Brundisium (Brindisi), 285; final point in the journey of Horace and Mæcenas, 307; whence the meaning of Brentesium? ib., 308

Bunbury, Sir E. H., on Anagnia, 177

C

Calor (Calore), tributary stream of Vulturnus, 256, 264

Campo di Annibale, 119, 122

Capua (Vulturnum), old and new, 226, 227, 240; amphitheatre, 227-229; contrasted with the Roman coliseum, 228, 229; date of the ancient city, 230; its Roman citizenship, 231; its revolt, 232; Roman conquest of, ib., 242; taken by the Saracens, ib.

Caserta, 226, 227

Casilinum, new Capua, ancient Capua moved to, 226, 232, 241; Norman principality of, 241, 242

Cassius, Spurius, wins over Anagnia to the Triple League, 170, 172

Castel Gandolfo, 118, 119

Castel Giubeleo, 77, 83. See Fidenæ.

Castiglione Fiorentino, 13

Chiana, tributary of the Arno, 3; valley of the, local tradition assigned to its fossil elephants, 8, 9

Circeii (Monte Circello), 120, 128, 143

Colline Gate, the, its historical associations, 79-81, 259, 261

Constantine Porphyrogenêtos, his description of the Sultan of Bari, 296

Cora (Cori), its primæval walls, 129, 132, 166, 174; later walls, 131; temple of Hercules, 132, 133, 166; supplanted by church of St. Peter, 132, 134, 135; church of St. Oliva at, 135; its physical position contrasted with Norba, 140, 141

Corinth, later stage of her havens, 98; her colonies, ib., 99

Cortona, its physical position compared with that of Argos and Corinth, 13, 14; compared with Perugia, Laon, and Girgenti, ib.; owes its distinctive character to its walls, 15, 16, 19-21; its early greatness, 15; its decline, 16; ecclesiastical and municipal buildings in, 17-19; Mykênaian character of its Etruscan gate, 20; the Etruscan Muse, 21, 22; contrasted with Perugia, 23-28

Cosmo de' Medici, Duke of Florence and Siena, his inscription at Arezzo, 6; his later title, ib.

Creighton, M. (present Bishop of Peterborough), quoted, 123

D

Documents, official, errors in, 200, 201

E

Eadmer, at Bari, 305

Emissarius, the, of the Alban Lake, 117; contrasted with that of the Fucine Lake, ib.

Etruscans, their cities remain free until the days of Sulla, 20; their analogy with Freemasons, 34, 35; their tongue remains a riddle, 36; their sculpture derives more force from the absence of literature, 37-40; analogy of Etruscan and Roman change of nomenclature with English and Norman, 43, 44; Christian and modern character of their sculpture, 44, 45

F

Felimna, Avle, Etruscan tomb of, 42, 43, 197

Ferentinum (Ferentino), whether a Thirty-city, 186, 187, 188; its position, 188; its walls and gateways, 189-192, 202; monument of Aulus Quinctilius at, 193; question as to the date of its walls, 194 et seq.; inscriptions on the arx, 195, 197; alliance of with Rome, 198, 199, 205, 206; wrongly called a municipium by Aulus Gellius, 200, 201; cathedral church at, 202, 205; inner buildings of the arx, 204; church of Sta. Maria Maggiore, ib.

Fidenæ, the ally of Veii, 78; destroyed by Rome, ib., 85; position of its arx, 83, 84; desolation of, 85, 87

Foggia, the capital of Apulia, 282; palace of Frederick II. at, 283; death of Empress Isabel at, ib.; church at, ib.

Frederick II., Emperor, destroys Benevento, 274, 275; remains of his palace at Foggia, 283

Freemasons, modern, their analogy with ancient Etruscans, 34, 35

Frosinone (Frusino), 208

G

Gavignano, 155, 163, 172

Gellius, Aulus, his story about Ferentinum, 199

Girgenti, compared with Cortona, 14

Gracchus, Gaius, his speech quoted by Aulus Gellius, 199

Gracchus, Tiberius, his reception at Beneventum, 272, 273

Gregoriopolis, 105

Gsell-fels, guidebook of, referred to, 59, 152, 167, 283

H

Hannibal, son of Hamilkar Barak, at Anagnia, 169, 179; at Capua, 226, 236; revolt of the city to, from Rome, 232, 234; his camp at Tifata, 233, 234; scanty records concerning, 235

Harpur, Sir William, Aulus Quinctilius compared to, 192

Hernicans, the, scanty records concerning, 170, 255; importance of their geographical position, 170, 171, 172

Hirtius, Aulus, censor of Ferentinum, 197, 199, 202

I

Innocent III., Pope, his birthplace, whether at Segni or Gavignano, 163; his vestments kept at Anagni, 183

Isabel, wife of Frederick II., dies at Foggia, 283

Italy, Southern, a part of Hellas, 224, 225; use of the pointed arch in, 243; interest maintained in its cities, 284

K

Korkyra (Corfu), held by Pyrrhos and Manfred, 279; never under the Turk, ib., 308

L

Laon, compared with Cortona, 14

Lollius, Marcus, censor of Ferentinum, 197, 199, 202

M

Macaulay, Lord, his verses on the Thirty Cities, 151, 152; Signia not named by, ib.; Anagnia not in his catalogues, 174; whether Ferentinum is rightly placed by, 187; fittingness of his epithet for Ferentinum, 188

Manfred, King of Sicily, 253, 262, 272, 278, 279

Marcellus, Marcus Claudius, his triumph by the Alban Mount, 111, 166

Marcius, Ancus, traditional founder of Ostia, 97, 98

Maxim, Volscian or Hernican, on beggars, 220

Member of Parliament, misuse of the name, 201

Milvian Bridge, the, its historical associations, 89

Monte Cavo, see Alban Mount.

Monte Parioli, 91

Muse, the, of Cortona, 21, 22

N

Nemi, Lake of, 114-116, 234, 235

Ninfa, 126, 140, 142, 146; its striking desolation, 146-150, 166; its mediæval wall, 147

Norba, its ancient wall, 137 et seq., 147, 149, 166; its position contrasted with Cora, 140, 141; early strivings after the arch at, 145

Norma, 140-142

O

Opus Signinum, theory suggested as to its origin, 152

Ostia, the haven of Rome, 96, 97, 99, 121; its traditional foundation, 98; an integral part of Rome, 99, 100; its remains endangered by the Tiber, 100, 101, 106, 107; contrasted with Pompeii, 101, 102; not destroyed by the Saracens in the fifth century, 102; Roman remains in, 103; how described by Procopius, ib.; its early walls, 104; new Ostia, 105

Otranto, the entrance-place of the Turk into Western Europe, 223; view of enslaved Epeiros from, 307

Oxford, præ-academic, its importance, 47; its analogy with præ-Franciscan Assisi, 48

P

Parthenôn, the, its continuance as such, 237

Perugia, contrasted with Cortona, 23-28; its historical position, 23-25; physical position, 26; walls of, ib., 28; Roman gateways at, 28-31; barbarous treatment of mediæval houses in, 31; the interest of its churches not only due to their paintings, 31-33

Pius IX., Pope, his viaduct between Albano and Aricia, 114

Pompeii, contrasted with Ostia, 101, 102

Pompeius Magnus, Cnæus, his villa and tomb at Alba, 111, 113

Pomptine Marshes, the, 128

Ponte Sodo, the, at Veii, 74

Pontius, Gaius, spares the Roman army in the second Samnite War, 257, 262; whether the Pontius of the triumph of Quintus Fabius, 258, 259

Porta Saracenesca, at Segni, 157, 159; shows the arch in its constructive form, 160-161; origin of its name uncertain, 161, 162

Portus, harbour of Rome transferred to, from Ostia, 102

Procopius, his description of Ostia, 103; of Beneventum, 267, 279

Puff-stone of Gloucestershire, its likeness to the stone of Anagnia's walls, 176

Pyrrhos, King of Epeiros, 169, 179, 262, 272, 278, 279

Q

Quinctilius, Aulus, his foundation of nuts to Ferentinum, 192; his monument, 193

R

Robert, son of Godwin, his analogy to Publius Volumnius, son of Felimna, 44

Robert Wiscard, takes Bari, 297

Rocca di Papa, 119

Roman, use of the word, 194, 197, 202

Roman Empire, the, important era marked by Trajan's reign, 270, 271

Rome, how her local history should be studied, 67; rivalry of Veii with, 69-72; her conquest of Veii, 68, 75, 76; her origin, 70, 72, 143; Fidenæ destroyed by, 78, 85; taken by Alaric, 80; her incorporation of Antemnæ with, 92; her haven of Ostia, 96, 97, 99; contrasted with Corinth and Athens, 98, 99; her harbour removed from Ostia to Portus, 102; Alba Longa destroyed by, 110, 120; her physical and historical position, 119-122; alliance of Ferentinum with, 198, 199, 205; her arbitrary dealing with her Italian allies, 199, 200; her wars with the Samnites, 251, 252; her army spared by Gaius Pontius, 257; final struggle of the Samnites against, 259-261

Ῥωμαῖοι, use of the name, 109, 110

S

Saint Ambrose, cathedral church of Ferentino dedicated to, 204

Saint Angelo in Formis, basilica of, near Capua, 238, 240 et seq.; frescoes at, 247-249

Saint Apollinaris in Classe, basilica of, 240

Saint Francis of Assisi, 48, 49

Saint Nicolas of Myra in Lykia, patron saint of Bari, 297, 298

Saint Peter in Grado, basilica of, near Pisa, 238, 239, 240; contrasted with Saint Angelo in Formis, 239; frescoes at, 247

Salarian Gate, the, its historical associations, 79-81

Salona, its relation to Spalato contrasted with that of Alba to Albano, 112

Samentum, meaning of the word, 178

Samnites, the, 248, 251, 254, 259-262

Schiavia, Samnite, Anselm at, 307

Segni (Signia), whether a Thirty-city? 151-154; its physical position analogous with that of Norba, 155; the arx of Signia forms the modern Passegiata, 156; fragments of mediæval work in, 157; ancient walls and gateways of, ib., et seq., 172, 174; Roman remains on the arx, 162, 163; whether the birthplace of Innocent III., 163; locandæ at, recommended by Gsell-fels, 167

Sicily, use of the pointed arch in, 243; the architectural characteristics of Norman rule in Apulia not found in, 293

Signia. See Segni.

Social War, the, its significance, 261

Spalato, its relation to Salona contrasted with that of Albano to Alba, 112

Spello (Hispellum), its local description, 58; its walls and towers, 60; Romanesque churches and Roman remains at, 61-63; Roman gateways, 63, 64

Stewart, Henry, Cardinal of York, temple of Jupiter Latiaris destroyed by, 111, 166

Strabo, his description of Fidenæ, 85; on Ostia, 102

Sulla, restores Cora, 133; Norba destroyed by, 139

T

Talleyrand, Bishop of Autun and Prince of Benevento, 265

Tarlati, Guy, Bishop and Lord of Arezzo, his tomb, 7, 8

Telesia (Telese), the home of Gaius Pontius, 256, 257, 262; Anselm at, ib.

Terracina. See Anxur.

Thêseion, re-dedicated to Saint George, 237

Tiber, the, its early importance as a boundary stream, 90; its destructiveness, 100-103, 106, 107

Tifata, Hannibal at, 233, 234; meaning of the name, 234; whether the scene of Semitic worship, 236; worship of Diana and Jupiter at, 237; church of Sant' Angelo in Formis at, 233, 238, 240 et seq.

Topography, historical, variety of interest offered by, 86

Totilas, Beneventum taken by, 273

Trajan, his arch at Rome survives in the arch of Constantine, 267, 268; his arch at Benevento, 268-273; important era of the Roman Empire marked by his reign, 270, 271

Trani, special interest of its metropolitan church, 286, 287, 290, 291; church of All Saints at, 287

U

Urban II., Pope, council at Bari held by, 297, 305

V

Veii, its site and desolation, 68, 69, 72-75, 87; conquered by Rome, ib., 75; rivalry of with Rome, 69-72; Etruscan tombs at, 74, 75

Velletri (Velitræ), 126-129, 166, 167

Venice, vassal of the Eastern Empire, protects Bari against the Saracen, 297

Veroli, 210

Volumnian Tomb, the, 40 et seq.

Volumnius Avle Felimna, Publius, his analogy to Robert, son of Godwin, 44, 197

Willis, Professor, his use of the phrase mid-wall shaft, 245