Studies of Travel

INDEX.

Reading edition

Acciauoli, Nerio, his bequest of Athens, 26

Achaia, League of, 209; cities of, 212; contrasted with Aitôlia, 213, 214

Ægæan Sea, islands of, 14; Greek colonies on, 204

Ælfred, King of the West Saxons, his view of the rule of Odysseus, 3, 4

Agamemnôn, “Schliemann’s,” preserved at Chorbati, 126, 149, 160

Aigina, position and history of, 73–77; compared with Salamis, ib.

Aitôlia, League of, 209; her legendary fame, 210; contrasted with Achaia, 213, 214

Akarnania, not in the Homeric Catalogue, 215, 216; special character of, 216

Akrokorinthos, pre-eminence of, 182, 186, 189, 199; its historical associations, 190–194; compared with Glastonbury Tor, 195

Akropolis of Athens, how its history should be studied, 18–24; its position, 33, 35

Aktê (Argolic), 77, 117

Alaric, King of the West-Goths, at Athens, 24; at Corinth, 192; at Eleusis, 236

Andronikos Kyrrhestês, octagonal tower of, 38–40

Appian Way, the, its analogy with the Sacred Way of Athens, 226

Aratos, deliverer and betrayer of Corinth, 190, 212

Arch, the pointed, as old or older, in its constructive form, than the round, 89, 99, 153, 154; its beginning in the sally-port of Tiryns, 97; earlier perfection of the round arch in Italy, 99, 100, 119; development of the arch at Spalato, 118, 154; its perfection in the Eastern Churches, 119

Argos, contrasted with Mykênê and Tiryns, 86, 90, 93, 96, 97, 106, 121, 123; increase of her power, 93; modern Argos contrasted with modern Athens, 106, 107; Turkish influence on modern Argos, 107, 108; its later history, 108; use of the name Argos, 110; Homeric position of, ib., 113; her destruction of Mykênê, 111, 112, 120, 124, 158; her early history and its continuity, 112–115, 162; ancient wall and theatre of, 118; Roman remains in, ib., 120; Byzantine church at, 119, 120

Arta, modern Greek frontier fixed at, 1

Athens, continuity of its history, 16–22, 247, 248; the birthplace of political history, 16, 204; contrast between old and new Athens, 17, 32, 34; compared with Rome, ib.; results of Turkish rule in, 18; her primæval and later walls, 19, 20, 22; historical importance of the earliest wall, 20, 22; her position in the Homeric Catalogue, 21; visit of Basil the Second to, 23, 24, 26; Alaric at, 24; extinction of her schools by Justinian, ib.; bequeathed by Nerio Acciauoli to Venice, 26; fame of, under foreign Dukes, 27; a piece of history wiped out by the destruction of the tower of the Dukes, 28–31, 274; temple of Olympian Zeus at, 32, 33, 38; how Athens differs from other cities, 34, 35; growth of art in, from Aristiôn to Pheidias, 37; one remaining mosque at, 41, 50; variety of remains in the agorê, 42; study of Christian-Greek architecture in, 43–50; metropolitan church at, 45, 47; date of Byzantine architecture in, difficult to fix, 46, 47; latest buildings at, not less worthy of study than the earliest, 50; the practical centre of modern Greek travelling, 68–70; modern Athens contrasted with modern Argos, 106; its geographical separation from Eleusis, 230, 231

Attica, 15; not mentioned as a land in the Homeric map, 21; merged in Athens, ib.

Basil I., the Macedonian, converts the Mainotes, 9

Basil II., the Slayer of the Bulgarians, visits Athens after his Bulgarian conquests, 23, 24, 26

Blakesley, Dean, value of his comments on the narrative of Herodotus, 61, 63; on Zôstêr, 242

Byron, at Mesolongi, 2; application of “the curse of Minerva” to the destroyers of the ducal tower, 31

Carthage, her fate compared with that of Corinth, 187

Cashel, Rock of, serves as a parallel to the Athenian Akropolis, 33, 194

Cerigo, 6, 13

Cheddar, pass of, its Mykênaian character, 128

Chorbati, 125, 164

Commonwealths, Greek and Lombard, compared, 70–73

Constantine Porphyrogennêtos, his use of the name Hellênes, 8–10

Corinth, her position in Grecian legend and history, 183, 184, 195–198; taken by Mummius, 185, 198; her final overthrow by earthquake, ib.; her origin Hellenic, not Phœnician, 186, 187; her fate compared with that of Carthage, 187; temple of Athênê at, 188, 189, 198, 201; her freedom proclaimed by Flamininus, 198; absence of “Corinthians” in, 199, 200; special vocal powers of man, beast, and fowl in, 200, 201; her western position, 206

Corinthian Gulf, the, its historical position, 215

Daphnê, church of, 226, 228, 229

Dawkins, W. Boyd, on the retreat of the lion from Europe, 171

“Druidical,” abuse of the name, 89

Eirênê, Empress, her marriage with Leo the Fourth, 25, 26, 47

Eleusis, not in the Homeric Catalogue, 21, 60; its geographical separation from Athens, 230, 231; tomb of Stratôn at, 232; temple of Dêmêtêr and Athênê at, 233, 235, 238; its akropolis, 233; Roman period of its history, 235, 236; Alaric at, 236; modern Eleusis, 237

“Epeiros,” use of the name, 216

Epidauros, city of Asklêpios, 77

Epidauros (Dalmatian), 77

Epidauros (Lakonian), 14, 77. See Monembasia.

Flamininus, proclaims the freedom of Corinth, 198

Glastonbury Tor, compared with Akrokorinthos, 195

Greece, Ionian Islands ceded to, 7; origin of cities in, 176; history of eastern earlier than that of western, 203–209, 214; western, position of her religious centres, 205, 206; leagues in, 209

Greek hill-cities, compared with Italian, 88, 90; colonial cities mark a later stage, 91

Grote George, on the position of Argos in Peloponnêsos, 113

Hadrian, Arch of, at Athens, 24, 38; Stoa of, reproduces the Doric order, 40

Helenê, her island off Sounion, 245; her place in Attic legend, 246

Hellas, insular, more striking than peninsular, 5

Hellênes, use of the name, 7; confined by Constantine Porphyrogennêtos to the Mainotes, 8–10

Hêraklês, 36; worship of, at Marathôn, 59, 60; at Tiryns, 96

Hermoupolis, 15. See Syros.

Hêrôdês Atticus, theatre of, at Athens, 24, 42; his exedra at Olympia, 265, 266

Herodotus, his account of Marathôn, 61, 62; range of the lion fixed by, 171

Homer, his description of Tiryns, 87

Homeric Catalogue, the, position of Athens in, 21; Marathôn and Eleusis have no place in, ib., 60; Tiryns how described in, 105; Akarnania has no place in, 215, 216

Hydra, its history, 78–81

Ionian Islands, 7; merged in the Greek kingdom, ib.

Isthmian Games, the, strange application of the name to Epsom races, 220

Isthmus of Corinth, its varied history, 197

Ithakê, Homeric, 3, 217, 218

Johnson, Samuel, application of his saying on the battle of Marathôn, 55, 56

Justinian, fortifies Athens and extinguishes her schools, 24

Kalaureia, 78

Kallimachos, fate of Europe decided by the casting vote of, 53

Kanarês, Constantine, compared with Theseus, 50, 51; his death, ib., 66, 67; his home in Psara, 80

Kapnikarea, the, church of, at Athens, 47; its narthex compared with the west front of Peterborough, 48, 49

Kephallênia, 3, 5, 217

Kyklopês, their change of character, 94

Kymê, contrasted with Mykênê, 158, 159; her western position, 205

Larissa, the, of Argos, 86, 109, 110, 116, 120, 182

Laureion, mines of, 241, 255

Leake, Colonel, on the battle of Marathôn, 61, 63; on Tiryns, 102, 104; on the worship of Poseidôn at Sounion, 254

Lion, the, range of, in Europe, 171; cognate forms of his name, ib.

Lowe, Robert (late Lord Sherbroke), his view of the battle of Marathôn, 52

Lysikratês, choragic monument of, 38, 39

Mahaffy, J. P., his views on the destruction of the tower of the Dukes in Athens, 28, 29; his illustration of the position of the temple of Olympian Zeus, 33, 144; on the physical position of the Greek commonwealths, 71; on the geographical separation of Eleusis from Athens, 230

Maina, name of Hellênes confined to, 8

Mainotes, their independence, 8; how distinguished from the Slaves by Constantine Porphyrogennêtos, 8; their conversion, 9

Marathôn, not in the Homeric Catalogue, 21, 60; the most historic spot in Attica, 52; battle of, the most memorable in the world’s history, 54 et seq.; the earliest and the latest fight compared, 57, 58; geographical use of the name, 59; its mythical history, ib.; temple of Athênê at, 60; named in the Odyssey, ib.; earliest historical notices of, 61; the marshes not mentioned by Herodotus, 62; Pausanias’ account of the battle, ib.; site of ancient Marathôn uncertain, 63; the barrow of the one hundred and ninety-two at, 64; grave of Miltiadês at, ib.

Mavrokordatos, at Mesolongi, 211 Mesolongi, two sieges of, 2, 211

Methana, 77

Miltiadês, influence of his arguments on Kallimachos, 53; his success at Marathôn largely owing to the nature of the ground, 63; his grave, 65

Monembasia, Latin conquest of Peloponnêsos completed by the taking of, 14

Morea (Môraia), earlier application of the name, 3

Morosini, Francesco, Venetian occupation of Athens under, 28, 31

Mykênê, contrasted with Argos and Tiryns, 86, 90, 93, 96, 97, 121; history of, 95, 126; its point of likeness with New Grange, 101, 155; destroyed by Argos, 111, 112, 120, 124, 158; preserved by destruction, 123; its primæval relics, 126; position of the akropolis, 127 et seq.; the walls, 130, 131, 137; the lion-gate, 132, 134–136, 159; the tombs and treasures, 132; gateways of the treasuries, 133, 134; the inner fortress, 136–138; Homeric description of, 138; the treasuries and treasures, 140 et seq.; use of the word “treasures,” 141; process of burial, 143; striking effect of the masks, 144, 146; beginnings of the arch, 154; its special primæval character, 158–161; carriage-road practically ends at, 164

Naupaktos (Lepanto), 210

Nauplia, high position of, under the Venetian and Turkish power, 82, 83

Navarino (Pylos), battle of, 11, 13

Neale, J. M., his History of the Holy Eastern Church, 46, 47

Nemea, temple of Zeus at, 169, 170, 174, 178, 179; the seat of Pan-hellenic worship, 169, 175; legendary lion of, 169–172; theatre at, 170, 180; modern fauna of, 173

New Grange, its point of likeness with Mykênê, 101, 155

Olympia, the religious centre of Hellas, 261–264; temples of Hêrê and of Zeus at, 264; exedra of Hêrôdês, 265; special interest of the basilican church at, 266–274; desolation of, 273

Parnassos, 181

Parthenôn, the, 17, 22; its continuance as such in different ages, 23, 25, 27, 36; thanksgiving of Basil the Second in, 23, 24; changed into a mosque, 30; its destruction in the Venetian occupation, 31

Patras, siege of, 2, 210, 273

Patroklos, Admiral of Ptolemy Philadelphos, his island off Sounion, 247

Pausanias, how his story of the battle of Marathôn differs from that of Herodotus, 62; Greek travelling in his day, 68, 69, 166, 168; his description of Tiryns, 92; on Argos, 120; on the treasuries of Mykênê, 150, 151, 156; distinguishes the treasuries of Mykênê from the tombs, 150, 156, 157; records the tombs of the Sacred Way, 227; the temple of Philê-Aphroditê, 230; the worship of Poseidôn at Eleusis, 232; his description of Sounion, 240

“Pelasgian,” abuse of the name, 88, 89, 100, 101

Peloponnêsos, southern, characteristics of its coastline, 5, 6; lack of good roads in, 12

Pentedaktylos, 5, 8, 10, 13

Periklês, works of, how they should be studied, 18, 22

Peterborough Cathedral, its west front compared with the narthex of the Kapnikarea at Athens, 48

Philé-Aphroditê, temple of, 227, 230

Pôros, 78

Poseidôn, his worship at Eleusis, Sounion, and the Isthmus, 224, 225; at Sounion, 241, 253, 254

Poseidônia (Pæstum), contrasted with Mykênê, 158; with Kymê, 159; analogy between its temples and the temple of Athênê at Corinth, 187, 264

Psara, under the Turk, 80

Psyttaleia, 76, 77, 222

Ptolemy, gymnasion of, at Athens, 42

Pylos, occupation of, 11, 13. See Navarino

Pyrrhos, his death at Argos, 114

Pythionikê, tomb of, 227

Rome, her unbroken series of historical monuments, 17

Sacred Way, the, of Athens, 225 et seq.; its analogy with the Appian Way, 226

Saint Andrew, his defence of Patras, 2, 210, 273

Saint Theodore, church of, at Athens, 47, 49

Salamis, how her history differs from that of Aigina, 74–76; battle of, 74, 76, 197

Scheriê, whether Corfu, 60

Schliemann, Dr., his share in the destruction of the ducal tower at Athens, 29; his work at Mykênê, 126, 129, 130, 134, 140, 157

Scotia, use of the name, 45

Sikyôn, 212, 221

Sounion, 15; its geographical position, 240; temple of Athênê at, 241, 249–255; worship of Poseidôn at, 241, 253, 254; fortification of, 251

Spalato, development of the arch at, 118, 154

Sparta, 6; ancient and modern, 114, 115

Sphagia (Sphaktêria), 11

Stamatâkês, guardian of the Mykênaian treasury, 126, 145; his qualification of the skeleton of Agamemnôn, ib.

Stratôn, his tomb at Eleusis, 232; inference drawn from his wife’s description, ib.

Syros (Syra), 14

Tainaros, 7, 8, 13, 240, 273

Taÿgetos. See Pentedaktylos.

Telham, its legendary etymology compared with that of Zôstêr, 242, 243

Thêseion, the, re-dedicated to St. George, 25, 36, 37; its position, 33, 35, 38; architectural changes in, 36; serves as a museum, 37

Thêseus, wall of, at Athens, 19–22

Thêseus, Temple of, dedicated to St. George, 25, 36, 37

Theodoric, tomb of, its Mykenaian character, 153

Timophanês, Tyrant of Corinth, his death, 189

Tiryns, called Old Nauplia, 82; compared with English sites, 83; its position and history, 86 et. seq.; Homeric description of, 87, 93, 105; special point of likeness with Tusculum, 88, 89, 101; desolate aspect of, 92, 93; its mighty walls, 93, 97, 103, 104, 105; their primæval origin, 96; earliest beginnings of the pointed arch in the sally-port, 97–100

Tusculum, its special point of likeness with Tiryns, 88, 89, 101

Tylor, E. B., 101, 143

Vostizza (Aigion), 212

War of Independence, the, 58, 108, 169

Zante (Zakynthos), 5

Zôstêr, its place in legend and in history, 242–245; its legendary etymology, 242, 243