Note 221 — Chapter VIII

In an article in Baldwin’s Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, Mrs Ladd Franklin points out that the proposition All S is P is equivalent to the proposition Everything is P or not-S, and hence necessarily implies the existence of either P or not-S. Write x for not-S and y for P, so that the original proposition becomes All but x is y ; it then implies, as its minimum existential import, the existence of either x or y.