INDEX

Aaron Manby, the, 132

A. L. Shotwell, the, 260

Abell, Prof. W. S., 311

Aberdeen Line, 216

Acadia, the, 107

Admiral de Ruyter, the, 237

Admiralty, the, mail service and, 105, 110, 114;

use of bulkheads and, 156;

and mail service, 224;

and mails to Channel Islands, 227

Adriatic, the, 179, 206–7, 208, 303

African Steamship Co., 216

Alamo, the, 307

Alexandra, the, 277

Allan Line: introduction of turbine into Atlantic service, 190;

foundation of, 216

Allen, John, method of propelling boats by, 27;

and lifeboats, 254

America, early steamboats of, 44;

steam navigation in, 60, 63;

development of steam engine in, 88;

river steamers of, 258;

lake steamers of, 264

American Line, 165, 173, 220

Amerika, the, 207

Anchor Line, 216, 220

Anglia, the, 222

Arabic, the, 179

Araguaya, the, 292

Archimedes, steam power and, 19

Archimedes, the, 120–1, 123, 124

Argyle, the, 84

Arizona, the, 155, 156

Armstrong, Mitchell & Co., 243

Asturias, the, 229

Atalanta, the, 228

Athena, the, 323

Atlantic, steamships on, 91, 96;

the Sirius, 96–7;

the Great Western, 97;

early fares, 100;

Liverpool-New York route, 101;

the Royal William, 101–2;

the British Queen, 102;

inauguration of mail service, 105–7;

the Britannia, 107–9;

Collins Line, 118;

the Robert F. Stockton, 119;

Scotia’s record, 129;

Inman Line competition, 148;

Cunard competition, 149;

records of City of Paris, Russia, and City of Brussels, 149;

White Star competition, 154–5;

Britannic’s record, 155;

City of Berlin’s record, 155;

Guion Line competition, 155;

Servia’s record, 157;

records of Umbria and Etruria, 159;

competition of ’eighties, 165;

Majestic’s and Teutonic’s records, 169;

Lucania’s and Campania’s records, 171;

German competition, 173, 179, 180;

Kaiser Wilhelm II.’s record, 180;

Allan Line and turbines, 190;

records of Mauretania and Lusitania, 204;

Royal Line, 217

Atlantic Transport Line, 220

Atmospheric engine, invention by Papin of, 22

Auguste Victoria, the, 295

Austral, the, 162

Australia, inauguration of steam service to, 116

Australian Royal Mail Steam Navigation Co., 131

“Awning-deck” type, 286

Ayre, A. L.: “British Shipbuilding,” 313

Baird, Charles, 86

“Balanced” rudders, 318

Ballast, questions of, 315

Ballin, Herr, 212

Balmoral Castle, the, 219

Baltic, the, 167, 193, 194, 207

Barlow, Joel, association with Fulton, 49

Beam engine, 36;

development and adaptation, 87;

of American river boats, 262

Bell, Henry, and Symington, 55;

experiments with paddles: the Comet, 78

Ben-my-Chree, the, 230

Berlin, the, 209, 289, 292, 302

Bernoulli, Daniel, 33

Bessemer, the, 225

Bibby Line, 215

Bilge-keels, of Campania and Lucania, 171;

of Mauretania and Lusitania, 200

Blackcock, the, 235–6, 237

Boiler, evolution of, 133;

distilled water and, 136, 167;

“Scotch” type, 151

Booth Line, 216

“Boss” of screw shaft, 210

Boulton and Watt, 35, 43, 59, 60, 75, 84, 88, 89, 94, 95

Boulton, Matthew, association with Watt, 35

Bourne, William, “devises” for propelling boats, 15

Bovic, the, 220

“Box” boiler, 133

Branca, Giovanni, discovery of principle of turbine by, 20, 184

Bridge deck, evolution of, 162, 283;

in tugs, 235, 237

Britannia, the, 107, 108–9, 298

Britannia, the (P. & O.), 163

Britannic, the, 153, 154

British and Foreign Steam Navigation Co., 227

British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., 107

British East India Co., 216

British Queen, the, 97, 102, 103

British Queen Steam Navigation Co., 97

“British shipbuilding,” by A. L. Ayre, 313

Brown, John, & Co., 319

Brunel: the Great Western, 97;

the Great Britain, 123;

the Victoria, 131;

Great Eastern, 139

“Bucket” dredger, 239

Building of ships, 282, et seq.

Bulkheads, of Scotia, 129, 130;

of Great Eastern, 143;

of Arizona, 155;

Admiralty and, 155–6;

of New York and Philadelphia, 166;

of George Washington, 208;

of Laurentic, 210;

of oil-tankers, 244;

of Commonwealth, 263

Bulwarks, disappearance of, 152

Buenos Ayrean, the, 150

Burns, George, 106

Bushey, national experimental tank at, 319

Byrne, St. Clair, 270

Cables, submarine, laying of, 242–3

Caird & Co., 218

Calais-Douvres, the, 225, 226

Caledonia, the, 84, 107

Caligula’s galleys, 194, 297

Cambria, the, 222, 225

Campania, the, 159, 170, 171, 172, 174, 175, 177

Camper and Nicholson, 278

Canadian Northern Railway Co., ships of, 217

Canadian Pacific Railway, ships of, 220

Candia, the, 134, 135, 136

Cantilever-framed ships, 249

Car of Neptune, the, 76

Cargo, dangerous, 243, 246

Carmania, the, 187, 191, 192

Caronia, the, 191, 192, 306

Carthaginian, the, 307

Castalia, the, 225, 226

Castle Mail Packets Co., 216

Cedric, the, 178, 179, 289

Celtic, the, 147, 178, 289

Cevic, the, 220

Channel Islands, boat services to, 227

Charlotte Dundas, the, 46–8, 55, 78, 301

Chester and Holyhead Railway Co., ships of, 222

China, the, 150, 294

“Chronological History of the Origin and Development of Steam Navigation,” by Admiral Preble, 30

Churchyard, Mr., and mail contract, 224

City Line, 216

City of Berlin, the, 155

City of Brussels, the, 149, 154

City of Cleveland, the, 264

City of Dublin Steam Packet Co., 101, 124

City of Edinburgh, the, 93

City of Glasgow, the, 147

City of Manchester, the, 147

City of New York, the, 165

City of Paris (1), the, 148, 149, 152, 153, 176

City of Paris (2), the (Inman), 165, 168, 178

City of Philadelphia, the, 148

City of Rome, the, 165, 236

Clarence, the, 267

Clermont, the, 48, 60, 63;

engines of, 69;

original drawings for, 69;

first trials of, 69;

trip on Hudson, 70;

at Hudson-Fulton celebrations, 70;

alteration of, 73;

disappearance of, 76;

engines of, 88;

steering methods of, 89;

boilers of, 133, 137, 238, 261, 301

Clydebank Works, 319

Clyde, the, 110

“Clyde Passenger Steamer: Its Rise and Progress during the Nineteenth Century,” by Capt. J. Williamson, 78

Coal consumption, tests for, 293

“Coffin-brigs,” 105

Collier, improvements on, 250

Collins Line, 118, 173, 216

Columbia, the, 107

Comet, the (1), 48;

building, 78;

engines, 79;

commercial failure, 80;

wreck of, 82;

boiler of, 133

Comet, the, (2), 82

Commonwealth, the, 261, 262

Compagnie Transatlantique, 212

Compound engine, principle of, 117

Condenser, invention of, 135;

surface, 136, 167;

of Great Eastern, 141

Continental routes, 223

Copenhagen, the, 229

Cornelia, the, 269

Cranes used in shipbuilding, 289

Cross-channel service, institution of, 82, 84, 221, et seq.

Cunard Company: foundation of, 106;

early ships of, 107;

monopoly of Atlantic, 118;

adoption of iron, and screw propellers, 128, 145;

Atlantic competition, 149, 156, 170, 178;

use of steel, 156;

use of turbines, 191;

agreement with Government as to Mauretania and Lusitania, 196;

new ships, 212;

Mediterranean service, 220

Cunard, Samuel, and Royal William, 105;

association with Robert Napier, 106;

tender for steam carriage for mails, 106;

British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., 107;

correspondence with Ross and Primrose, 108

De Caus, Solomon, 7, 9, 20

Decks, evolution of, 149, 152;

“turtle,” 153, 158, 168, 172;

“bridge,” 162;

of Lucania, 172;

of Oceanic, 177;

of Carmania, 191;

of George Washington, 208;

of Balmoral Castle, 219;

of turretships, 246;

of American river boats, 259;

of lake steamers, 264;

of yachts, 272;

types of, 283–287;

construction of in liners, 290

Deck-cargo, dangers of, 315

Deck tonnage, 312

Decoration in modern liner, 302

De Garray, Blasco, early experiments of, 14

De Jouffroy, Marquis, as first inventor of steamship, 8;

experiments with Watt engine, 33, 40;

second steamboat of, 41, 55

De Laval, Dr. Gustav, invention of turbine, 184

Denny, William, 81

Desblanc, Fulton and, 56;

experiments by, 59

Deutschland, the, 198, 207, 213

Dickens, Charles, on Atlantic passage, 298–9, 300

“Displacement,” definition of, 146

Donaldson Line, 216

Dover-Calais route, first steamer on, 223

Dredgers, variety of, 239

Dredging of harbours, 211–2

Dromedary, the, 239, 261

Dublin Steam Packet Co., 221

Dundonald, Earl of, 133

Eastern Navigation Co., 139

Eclipse, the, 259, 260

Edinburgh Castle, the, 219

Edmund Moran, the, 237

Elbe, the, 174

Elder & Co., John, 160, 274

Electric light, first use of on liners, 155

Electricity, modern service of, 305

Elizabeth, the, 86

Ellerman Line, 216

Emperor of Russia, the, 86

Empire, the, 261

Empress, the, 226

Empress of Britain, the, 220

English Channel, first steamer crossing, 82

Enterprise, the, 94

Eothen, the, 269

Ericsson, John, screw propeller of, 119

Etruria, the, 158–9, 161, 165, 212, 235

Europa, the, 212–3

Experimental tank, naval architectural, 318;

national at Bushey, 319;

at Clydebank Works, 319;

Norddeutscher Lloyd, 320;

Italian, 320

Express, the, 225

Fairy, H.M.S., 210

Falcon, the, 94

Fall River Line, the, 262, 304

Falmouth as mail port, 111

Faraday, the, 243

Field, Joshua, 101

Fire, methods of extinguishing, 304;

causes of, 325;

extinguishers, 325

Fire Fly (1812), 76

Fire King, the, 268

Fire Queens, the, 268

Fishguard, dredging at, 239

Fish-tanks on liners, 326

Fitch, John, association with Rumsey, 44;

first steamboat, 44–5;

dispute with Fulton, 46

Flush-decked steamship, 137, 283

Fly-wheel, invention by Watt, 38

Forth, the, 111

Francis B. Ogden, the, 119

Francis Smith, the, 120, 123

Franconia, the, 212

Fulton, Robert, centenary, 7;

and Desblanc, 8;

and Rumsey, 44;

versus Fitch, 46;

birth: visit to France: “plunging-boat”: association with Livingston, 48–9;

experiments in Paris, 49;

loss of first boat, 52;

second boat, 54;

the Clermont, 60;

building of Clermont, 63;

experiments on paddle-resistance, 65;

construction of Clermont, 69;

first voyage of Clermont, 70;

betrothal, 71;

death, 76;

Bell’s association with, 78;

schemes for India and Russia, 85;

experiments with model, 120, 259, 261

Galloway, Elijah, 101

Gamecock, the, 235

General Steam Navigation Co., founding of, 93, 216, 223, 224

George Washington, the, 208, 213, 289, 301

Georgic, the, 219

German ship-building, growth of, 173

Germanic, the, 154

Girard, Capt. G. B., 235

Glass, use of for sidelights, 153

Glowworm, the, 268

“Grasshopper” engine, 79

Great Britain, the, 123, 124, 135, 138

Great Eastern, the, building of, 138;

launch of, 140;

engines of, 141;

speed of, 142;

construction of, 143;

comparison with modern ships, 144, 157, 173, 176, 179, 180, 192, 196, 242, 288

Great Eastern Railway, boats of, 229

Great Lake steamers, 264

Great Western, the, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 123, 138, 148

Great Western Railway, steamers of, 98, 123;

Channel service of, 228;

passenger tender, 238

Griffiths, Robert, 210

“Guards” of American paddle-boats, 261, 264

Guericke, Otto von, discovery of vacuum, 20

Guest, Montague: “History of Royal Yacht Squadron,” 267

Guion Line, 155, 156, 212

Hall, Samuel, 136

Hamburg-American Line, 207, 212

Harbour-deck of turret-ship, 246;

of trunk-deck steamer, 248

Harbours, depth of, 211;

dredging of, 239

Harland, Sir Edward, 152, 168

Harland and Wolff, 151, 207, 209, 211, 212, 217, 289, 294, 295

Harrison Line, 216

Harwich-Hook of Holland route, 229

Helen McGregor, the, 128

Helm, developments of, 90

Hero (130 B.C.), application of steam power by, 19

Hesperian, the, 307

Hibernia, the, 222

Himalaya, the, 134

Hindostan, the, 114

“History of American Steam Navigation,” by J. H. Morrison, 44

“Hogging,” 98, 102

Hohenzollern, the, 279

Holt Line, 220

Holyhead as port, 221

Holyhead-Kingstown service, 222

Horse-power, definition of, 39;

in relation to speed, 67

Houlder Brothers, 216

Howden draught system, 209

Hudson, the, steamers of, 261

Hudson-Fulton celebrations, 69, 70

Hulls, Jonathan, inventions of, 29, et seq., 258

Ice-breakers, 250–1

India, first steamship voyage to, 94;

first steamships to, 114

Inez Clarke, 258

Inland, the, 245, 248

Inman Line, iron steamers of, 147;

Atlantic competition, 148, 165

Institution of Naval Architects, 319

“Intermediate” ships, 178, 220

Ioland, the, 280

Irish Channel, steam service across, 221, et seq.

Iron, first use of in masts, 122;

first steamboat of, 124;

general use of, 145;

advantages of, 146

Isle of Man Steam Packet Co., 230

Ismay, Mr. T. H., 151

Ivernia, the, 167, 178, 220

James Watt, the, 77, 93

Jenny Lind, the, 268

John Bowes, the, 242

Jones, Sir Alfred, 216

Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 198, 207, 302, 306

Kaiser Wilhelm II., the, 149, 162, 179, 180, 198, 207, 209, 306, 326

Kentucky, the, 107

Kronprinzessin Victoria, the, 236

Lady Lansdowne, the, 124

Laird, John, 124

Lane, Thomas, association with Fulton, 85

Launch, conduct of a, 290

Laura, the, 229

Laurentic, the, 209, 211, 318

“Leibnizens und Huygens Briefwechsel mit Papin,” by Dr. Ernst Gerland, 23

Leinster, the, 222

Leviathan, the, 240

Liberty, the, 280, 303

“Life of Robert Napier,” by James Napier, 78

Lifeboats, 254–6

Lifeboats, steam, application of Allen’s principles to, 28

Lightning, the, first mail steamer, 93

Liner, inauguration of, 104, et seq.;

transition state of, 145;

luxuries of, 300–4;

navigation safeguards of, 305;

ventilation problems, 327;

commissariat difficulties of, 325

“Link-motion gear,” 142

Livadia, the, 274, 276

Liverpool, first steamship in, 83;

depth of water at, 239

Liverpool Screw Towing and Lighterage Co., 235

Livingston, Robert R., association with Fulton, 48–9, 60

Lloyd’s, committee of inquiry into fires, 324

Lobnitz & Co., Messrs., 239

London, the, 162

London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, boats of, 227

London, Chatham and Dover Railway, boats of, 223, 224, 226

London and North Western Railway Co., ships of, 222

London and South Western Railway, Channel service of, 228, 229

Lucania, the, 159, 170, 171, 172, 174, 175, 177, 212

Lusitania, the (Cunard), 8, 60, 103, 107, 138, 146, 173, 180, 192, 194–206, 212, 213, 239, 301, 318

Lusitania, the (Orient Line), 161

Lyons, the, 227

Lysistrata, the, 280

Macedonia, the, 218

MacIver, David, 106

Magnetic, the, 193

Mails, carriage of Continental, 224

Mail service to Channel Islands, 227, 228

Mail steamer, the first, 93

Mail steamers, first tender for, 105;

early Cunard, 107;

Royal Mail Steam Packet Co.’s first contract and ships, 110–11

Majestic, the, 149, 168, 178, 179, 194

Maloja, the, 218

Malwa, the, 218

Manby, Aaron, and first iron steamboat, 124, 132

Mantua, the, 218

Marconi system, installation on Campania and Lucania, 171

Marjory, the, 84

Marmora, the, 218

Mathesius, steam power and, 19

Matoppo, the, 323

Matthews, Capt. B. E., 148

Maudslay, Joseph, 132;

Great Western engines, 100

Mauretania, the, 8, 60, 103, 107, 138, 144, 146, 151, 153, 173, 192, 193, 194, 206, 208, 211, 212, 213, 230, 236, 238, 239, 288, 299, 318

Mechanical propulsion of boats, early forms of, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 22;

Earl Stanhope’s scheme, 57;

Elijah Ormsbee’s scheme, 57

Medina, the, 218

Medway, the, 242

Megantic, the, 209

“Memorials of James Watt,” by Williamson, 83

Menai, the, 223

Menai, the (S. Y.), 268

Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, 240, 241

Miller, Patrick, first paddle-boat by, 42;

steamboats by, 43

Milton, the, 323

Minnehaha, the, 220

Mississippi, Fulton’s scheme for the, 76;

steamboats of, 258, 259, 260

Moldavia, the, 218

Monarch, the, 242

Mongolia, the, 218

Monitoria, the, 247

Monkey forecastle, 283–4

Mooltan, the, 118, 218

Morea, the, 218

Morrison, J. H.: “History of American Steam Navigation,” 44

“Mould floor,” shipbuilders’, 287

Munich, the, 229

Murdoch, William, 132

Napier, Charles, application of paddle-wheels by, 14;

and first iron steamboat, 124

Napier, David, experiments in resistance, 81;

the Rob Roy, 81;

and cross-channel packets, 220;

and Comet, 79;

condenser and, 136

Napier, James: “Life of Robert Napier,” 78

Napier, Robert, engines for British Queen, 102;

and Samuel Cunard, 106, 107;

and steam yachts, 267

Natchez, the, 259, 261

National Line, 151, 212

Naval Architects, Institution of, 319

Navigation, modern safeguards, 305

Nelson Line, 220

Newcomen, Thomas, steam engine of, 25–7;

improvement of by Watt, 35, 135

New England Navigation Co., 262

Newhaven-Dieppe route, 227

New York, the, 165, 220

New York harbour, dredging of, 212;

tugs of, 237

New Zealand Commission on causes of fire, 325

Niagara II., the, 311

Noah’s Ark, compared with Baltic, 193

Norddeutscher Lloyd, growth of, 174, 208, 209

North German Lloyd, 174, 216, 220

Northern Yacht Club, and steam yachts, 267

Notre Dame des Dunes, the, 253

Novelty, the, 121

Ocean, the (tug), 236

Oceanic, the (1), 138, 151–5, 168, 299, 300

Oceanic, the (2), 176, 179, 180, 215

Ohio, steamers of the, 258

Oil-lamps, first use of, 153

“Oil-tanker,” the, 243

Olympic, the, 207, 211

Ophir, the, 169

Oregon, the, 156

Orient, the, 161, 162

Orient Line, foundation of, 161

Ormsbee, Elijah, 57, 59

Orontes, the, 252

Oscillating engine, principle of, 132;

of Great Eastern, 141;

of Leinster, 222

“Overland” route, 115

Owen, Commander W. H., 323

Pacific, the, 133

Pacific Steam Navigation Co., establishment of, 113, 151, 161

Paddle-wheels, Roman use of, 13;

on frigate Galatea, 14;

early application of, 16–17;

early forms of, 22;

de Jouffroy’s, 41;

Patrick Miller’s, 42;

Symington’s, 43;

Fitch’s, 45;

of Charlotte Dundas, 47;

Fulton’s, 49;

Fulton’s experiments on resistance of, 65;

of Clermont, 72–4;

Bell’s experiments, 78;

of Comet, 79;

on early steamboats, 86;

of Prinzessin Charlotte, 89;

of Savannah, 91;

“cycloidal” type of Great Western, 100;

of Britannia, 109;

of Scotia, 129, 130;

in tugs, 239;

of Great Eastern, 141;

stern, 258;

American “guard” system, 261;

of Commonwealth, 263;

first fitted to yacht, 268

Panama Canal, 114

Pancirolli, Guido: “History of Many Memorable Things Lost, &c.,” 16

Papin, Denis, 7, 9, 10;

invention of steam engine, 21;

first steamboat, 22;

safety valve of, 23;

correspondence with Leibnitz, 23–4

Paragon, the, 76

Paris, the, 166

Parsons, Hon. C. A., invention of turbine, 184

Parsons turbine for yachts, 274

Peluse, the, 239, 240

Peninsular and Oriental Co., establishment and first ships of, 114;

“overland” route to India, 115;

Australian service, 116;

influence of Suez Canal on, 117;

the Mooltan, 118, 161, 163;

and Lund Line, 216;

recent ships of, 218

Penn, John, 133

Périer, experiment with a Watt engine, 33, 40;

association with Fulton, 50, 54, 56

Persia, the, 129, 147

Philadelphia, the, 165, 220, 295

Phœbus, the, 244

Phœnix, the, 76

Pirrie, Lord, 217

“Plunging-boat,” Fulton’s, 48

Pool Zee, the, 236

Popoff, Admiral, 276

Post Office mail packets, 224

Preble, Admiral, on Hulls’ experiments, 30;

on American and English engines, 88

Prince Robert of Hesse, paddle-wheel boat of, 22

Princess Mary, the, 224

Princess Maud, the, 224

Prinzessin Charlotte, the, 89

Priscilla, the, 262

Propeller, problems connected with, 309–10;

inward v. outward turning, 311;

effect on steering, 317

Providence, the, 262

Pulitzer, Mr., 303

Puritan, the, 262

Quadruple-expansion engines, 166, 178

Queen, the, 230

Queen Victoria, yachts in honour of, 268

Randolph Elder & Co., 116

Reciprocating engine, Watt’s invention of “double action” for, 38;

difficulties of, 209;

of Laurentic, 210

Red Star Line, 150

Reed, Sir Edward, 319

Rennie & Sons, Messrs. J. T., 216

Repairs, curious, 294–6, 323

Resistance, Fulton’s experiments, 65;

recent experiments, 66;

varieties of, 67;

D. Napier’s experiments in, 81;

John Scott Russell and, 130–1;

speed and, 176;

experiments in, 321–2

Richmond, the, 76

Robert G. Lee, the, 261

Robert F. Stockton, the, 119, 124

Rob Roy, the, 81, 221, 223, 224

Rogers, Moses, 91

Roode Zee, the, 236

Ropner & Sons, Messrs., 248

Rotary engine, Watt’s, 37

Royal Commission on Tonnage, 313

Royal Edward, the, 217

Royal George, the, 217

Royal Line, 217, 220

Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., first contract for mails, 110;

the Teviot and Clyde, 110–11;

Forth and Thames, launch of, 111;

removal to Southampton;

extension to South America, 112;

the Trent, 113

Royal William, the (American), 95, 103, 105, 221

Royal William, the (2) (1838), 101

Royal yachts, 277–8

Royal Yacht Squadron and steam yachts, 266–9

Rubie, John, 89

Ruby, the, engines of, 94

Rudder, balanced type of, 201;

bow-, 231;

of “bucket” dredgers, 240;

action of, 317;

types of, 318;

loss of, 323

Rumsey, James, method of propelling boats of, 28;

experiments by, 44;

association with Fulton and Fitch, 44, 254

Russia, introduction of steamships into, 85

Russia, the, 149, 150

Russell, Scott, on Hulls’ experiments, 31;

and “resistance,” 130–1, 137;

and Great Eastern, 139, 319

St. Paul, the, 220

St. Petersburg, the, 229

St. Louis, the, 220

Safety-valve, discovery by Papin of, 23

“Sagging,” 99, 102

Sagitta, the, 278

Sailing ship, limitations of, 5

Saloon, position of, 152;

fittings of, 153;

of modern liners, 300, 302

Sardinia, the, 327

Savannah, the, 91

Savery, Thomas, inventions of, 24–5;

“horse-power” calculations of, 39

Saxonia, the, 178, 220

Scot, the, 295

“Scotch” boiler, 151

Scotia, the, 129

Scotia, the (Holyhead), 222

Screw, first use of by J. Stevens, 63

“Screw-port,” introduction of, 169;

of Mauretania, 201

Screw propeller, development of, 119;

Ericsson’s, 119;

Francis Smith’s, 120;

effect on ship-designing, 122;

“slip” and “pitch” of, 122–3;

“racing,” 129;

of Victoria, 131;

spur-gearing for shafts, 135;

of Great Eastern, 142;

twin-screws, 165;

“overlapping” of twins, 169;

of Ophir, 169;

of Campania, 171;

in relation to turbine, 190;

of Mauretania, 201, 203;

of Laurentic, 210;

adaptation to lifeboats and fire-floats, 256;

for yacht, 269

Sea Serpent, the, 268

Servia, the, 150, 156

Seventeenth century, scientific discoveries of, 20

“Shade-decker” type, 287

Shaft, fractured, 323

Ship architecture, problems of, 319

Side-lever engine, development of, 88;

of Britannia, 109;

improvements of, 127;

of Helen McGregor, 128;

of Scotia, 130;

first applied to yachts, 268

Silverlip, the, 245

Silvertown, the, 243

Sir Francis Drake, the, 238

Sirius, the, 96, 97, 100, 101, 105, 193

Slavonia, the, 212

“Slip” of propeller, 122, 310

Smit & Co., Messrs. L., 236

Smith, Assheton, and steam yachts, 266–8

Smith, Francis, screw-propeller of, 120

Somerset, Edward (see Worcester, Marquis of)

South America, establishment of Royal Mail service to, 112

South Eastern Railway, 223;

boats of, 224

Southampton, as headquarters of Royal Mail Co., 112;

-Havre route, 227;

dredging at, 239

South of England Steam Navigation Co., 227

South Western Steam Packet Co., 228

“Spar-deck” type, 285

Speed, appreciation of, 181, 213

Sponsons, arrangement of, 261

Spur-gearing, 135

Stability, problems of, 315–6

Stanhope, Earl of, Fulton and, 56;

experiments of, 57, 59

Steam power, problems concerning, 3;

evolution of, 18;

application of by Hero, Archimedes and Mathesius, 19;

Solomon de Caus’ and Giovanni Branca’s discoveries, 20;

Denis Papin’s invention, 21–4;

Savery’s inventions, 24–5;

Newcomen’s engine, 25–7;

Jonathan Hulls’ tow-boats, 29;

Watt’s engine, 34–8;

Symington’s engine, 43;

Fitch’s development in America, 44–5;

improvements on Charlotte Dundas, 47;

Fulton’s experiments, 49, et seq.;

the Stevens’s boats, 63;

development in America, 76;

“Grasshopper” type of engine, 79;

side-beam engine, 88;

American and English engines, 88;

improvements in engines, 94;

the compound engine, 116;

oscillating engine, 132;

vertical trunk engine, 134;

condenser, 135, 136, 167;

steering gear, 144;

triple-expansion engines, 166–7;

quadruple-expansion engines, 178;

turbine engines, 184;

beam engines of American river boats, 262;

applied to yachts, 268

Steel, first ship of, 150;

development of, 156;

advantage of, 157

Steeple engines, 269

Steering gear, steam, of Great Eastern, 143;

principle of, 144

Steering-wheel, development of, 89

Stella, the, 228

Stephenson, George, 221

Stern, height of, 153, 172, 201

Stern-wheel boats, invention by Robert Stevens of, 63, 258

Stettin Vulcan Co., 174

Stevens, John, stern-wheel steamer of, 63;

proposal from Fulton to, 64;

the Phœnix, 76, 118

Stevens, Robert, invention of tubular boilers by: first screw-steamer of, 63

Stone-Lloyd water-tight doors, 191

Strain, 98, 99, 126;

minimised by length, 139;

effect of iron and wood in, 146–7

Submarine signalling, 172;

on Great Eastern boats, 229;

methods of, 305

Subsidy, Cunard Co.’s first, 106;

Royal Mail Steam Packet Co.’s first, 112;

reduction of, 113;

for Mauretania and Lusitania, 198

“Suction” dredger, 239, 240

Suevic, the, 295

Suez Canal, 115, 116, 117;

limitations imposed by, 215

“Sun-and-planet” gear, 37, 47

Sunbeam, the, 270

Sutcliffe, Mrs., on Fulton, 50, 61

Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson, 212

Symington, William, engine for Miller’s boat by, 43;

the Charlotte Dundas, 46

Talbot, the, 221

Taylor, James, 42

Taylor, Naval Constructor D. W., experiments in resistance by, 67

Telegraph ships, 242–3

Telephone, use of on Balmoral Castle, 219;

installation on liners of, 305

Teutonic, the, 168, 179

Teviot, the, 110

Thames, first steamship on the, 83

Thames, the, 84, 111

Thompson, George, & Co., 216

“Three-island” type, 283

Titanic, the, 207, 211, 289

Tonnage, of “turret-ships,” 247;

measurements of, 312;

Royal Commission on, 313;

anomalies of, 313–4

“Tonnage-deck,” 312

Tonquin, the (ex City of Paris), 149

“Topgallant” forecastle, 284

Torricelli, Evangelista, discovery of weight of atmosphere, 20

Towing, feats of, 236–7

Train-ferries, 251

Tramp steamer, the, 250

Trawlers, steam, 252

Trent, the, Slidell and Mason incident, 113

Triad, the, 270, 278, 279

Trial trip, how carried out, 292, 293

Triple-expansion engines, principle of, 117, 166

“Trunk-deck” steamer, 248

Tubular boiler, 133

Tugs, variety of, 234;

“Cock” type, 235;

Dutch, 236;

salvage, 237;

New York Harbour, 237;

as passenger tenders, 238;

paddle-wheel, 239;

as trawlers, 252

Turbine, Giovanni Branca and, 20;

importance of, 183;

invention of, 184;

Parsons system of, 186;

the Carmania’s, 187;

faults of, 188;

the Vespasian experiment, 189;

of Virginian and Victorian, 190;

of Carmania, 192;

of Mauretania and Lusitania, 197, 201;

low-pressure of Laurentic, 210;

on cross-channel boats, 226;

on Great Eastern Railway Co.’s boats, 230;

on Isle of Man boats, 230;

reliability of, 230;

on yachts, 274

Turbinia, the, 187

Turret-ships, 245;

comparison with “whale-back,” 265

Turtle decks of Oceanic, 153;

of Umbria, 158;

of Victoria, 163;

of Majestic, 168

Twain, Mark, on Mississippi steamers, 259, 260

Twin-screw, evolution of, 163;

introduction of “overlapping,” 169;

of the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, 175;

of Adriatic, 207;

influence of on steering capacity, 318

Twin-ships, 225

Types of steamships, 283–7

Umbria, the, 158–9, 161, 162, 163, 165, 212

Union-Castle Line, 216;

ships of, 219

Union Line, 216

Vanadis, the, 280

Ventilation, methods of, 327

Veranda café of Lusitania, 301

Vertical trunk engine, 134

Vespasian, the, 189

Victoria, the, 131

Victoria, the (P. & O.), 163

Victoria and Albert, the, 277

Victorian, the, 190

Vigilant, the, 241

Virginian, the, 190, 191

Vulcan Yards, Hamburg, 212

Waesland (ex Russia), 150

Wakiva, the, 280–1

Waratah, the, 182

Water-ballast, tanks of cantilever-framed ships, 249;

for yachts, 274;

tanks for, 315

Water-tight doors of Oceanic, 153;

Stone-Lloyd system, 191

Watson, G. L., 270

Watt, James, 33;

early engine of, 34;

association with Boulton, 35;

beam engine, 36;

“sun-and-planet” gear, 37;

rotary engine, 37;

invention of fly-wheel, 38;

“horse-power” calculations of, 39;

anecdote of, 82;

invention of condenser, 135, 136

Watt, James, & Co., 140

Watt, James, Junr., and steamships, 84

Wave-line theory, 131, 133

Waves, action of, 98

“Well-deck” type, 284–5

West Indies, inauguration of mail service to, 110

Weymouth and Channel Islands Steam Packet Co., 228

“Whale-back” steamer, 265

White, Sir William H., 197, 203

White Star Line, first steamships of, 151;

Atlantic competition, 151–5, 168;

“intermediate” ships of, 178;

recent ships, 193–4, 206–7, 209, 211;

sailing ships of, 215;

freight and live-stock steamers, 219

Wigram and Green, 93

William Facwett, the, 114

Williams and Guion, 155, 212

Williamson, Capt. J.: “The Clyde Passenger Steamer: Its Rise and Progress during the Nineteenth Century,” 78

Williamson’s “Memorials of James Watt,” 83

Wilson, Thomas, & Sons, 216

Wireless telegraphy on Campania and Lucania, 171;

on P. & O. ships, 218;

on cross-channel boats, 226;

usefulness of, 229;

on yachts, 271;

on liners, 306;

instances of utility of, 307–8

Wittekind, the, 295

Wood, John, & Co., and the Comet, 78

Worcester, Marquis of, 9, 10, 18, 20

Yacht, the steam, Royal Yacht Squadron and, 266–8;

Northern Yacht Club and, 267;

Robert Napier and, 267;

development of, 269;

the Sunbeam, 270;

lines of, 270;

decks of, 272;

fittings of, 273;

engines and ballast, 274;

Royal, 277–8;

the Sagitta, 278;

the Triad, 278–9;

noted yachts, 280–1

Ymuiden Tug Company, 237

Zwarte Zee, the, 236

Printed by Cassell & Company, Limited, La Belle Sauvage, London, E.C.