INDEX
Reading edition
Accidents, i. 206, 274, 281, 307, 310; ii. 28, 96–122
Allen, Ralph, Post Office reformer, i. 146
Amateur coachmen (for individuals, see Coaching Notabilities)
” ” penalty for allowing them to drive, i. 209
” ” rise of, i. 231
” ” incident on the road with, ii. 91–3
” ” originated about 1800, ii. 239
” ” account of the, ii. 239–59
Balloon coaches, appear about 1785, i. 296
“Basket,” the, described, i. 96, 99;
miseries of travelling in, i. 101, 295
Baxendale, Joseph, ii. 127–43, 207
Besant, designer of mail-coaches, i. 178
Bonnor, Charles, i. 168, 171
“Booking,” i. 320–23
” -clerks, responsibilities of, i. 320
” ” described by Dickens, i. 322, 330
” -offices, i. 320–23
” ” described by Dickens, i. 122, 330
Boonen, Wm., Queen Elizabeth’s coachman, i. 5
Brighton, first coach to, 1756, i. 134;
first Sunday coach to, 1792, i. 198
Buckingham, Earl of, sets up a carriage, i. 7
Bugles (see Key Bugles)
Byers, ——, professional informer, i. 214–17
Canals, ii. 130, 133
“Caravan,” origin of word, ii. 128, 129
Carriages, introduction of, i. 2–13;
become fashionable, i. 11
Carriers, the, i. 65;
antiquity of, i. 103;
account of, i. 103–45;
restrictions on, 1622–29, i. 195;
forbidden to travel on Sundays, 1627, i. 196
Cary, Robert, rides horseback to Edinburgh, 1603, i. 16
Coach and Harness Makers Company, founded 1677, i. 12
“Coach and six through Act of Parliament,” origin of saying, i. 86
Coaches:—
Mail-coaches, general account of, i. 146–80;
to be exempt from tolls, i. 156;
Post Office officials resist introduction of, i. 157;
established 1784, i. 158;
originally diligences, or light post-coaches, i. 160;
system extended 1785, i. 163;
continually breaking down, i. 174;
new type of, introduced, i. 178;
Besant’s patent coach, i. 178;
Besant’s coach condemned by Matthew Boulton 1798, i. 179;
always four-horsed, i. 180;
coachmen of, subject to severe penalties for misdemeanours, i. 211;
used for illegal sale of game, i. 254;
for smuggling, i. 256;
outside passengers of, limited to three, i. 258;
bring early news, i. 260;
cross-country, shabby, ii. 2;
increased number of, injure roads, ii. 5;
stage-coaches unable to compete with, ii. 5;
exemption of from tolls injurious to Turnpike Trusts, ii. 4–9;
paid toll in Ireland from 1798 ii. 9;
exemption repealed as regards Scotland, 1813, ii. 9;
tyrants of the road, ii. 10;
exposed to dangers, ii. 10;
pre-eminence of declines from 1824, on introduction of fast day-coaches, ii. 11;
additional number of passengers permitted, ii. 12;
mileage paid to contractors for, ii. 12–15;
contractors disinclined to do business with Post Office, ii. 15;
railways begin to supplant, 1830, ii. 16;
procession of, on King’s birthday, ii. 17–22;
list of, starting from London 1837, ii. 23;
the fastest, 1836, ii. 27;
number of, 1838, ii. 27;
West of England routes cut up by railways, ii. 36–9;
horses sold off, ii. 39;
last of the mails, ii. 40;
described, ii. 40–47
Waude’s mail-coach, 1830, ii. 43–7;
go seven days a week, ii. 148;
freedom of from attack, ii. 148;
robberies of, frequent, ii. 149;
attacked by lioness, ii. 151;
adventures of, in snow, ii. 152–5, 159–62, 166–9,
in floods ii. 162–6, 169;
West of England, started from Piccadilly, ii. 207
Mail-coaches:—
Banff and Inverness, ii. 165
Bath, ii. 22, 23
Birmingham, ii. 23
” and Liverpool, ii. 169
Brighton, ii. 23, 24, 101
” Day, ii. 313
Bristol, established 1784, i. 158–60; ii. 1, 17, 22, 23, 149, 207
Cambridge Auxiliary, ii. 215
Canterbury and Deal, ii. 27
Carlisle and Edinburgh, ii. 27
” ” Glasgow, ii. 23, 24, 27, 108
Carmarthen and Pembroke, ii. 15, 215
Cheltenham and Aberystwith, i. 264; ii. 119
Chester, ii. 15, 23, 215
Derby and Manchester, ii. 40
Devonport (Quicksilver), i. 246, 264, 303; ii. 22, 23, 28, 31–6, 39, 122, 182, 207, 227, 252, 295, 308, 312
Dover, ii. 15, 23, 24, 150
” Foreign, ii. 215
Edinburgh, ii. 23, 24, 39, 75, 295
” and Glasgow, ii. 166
Exeter, New, i. 264
” ii. 22, 23, 28, 31, 35, 106, 151
Falmouth, ii. 23, 31, 35
Glasgow, i. 247; ii. 1–3
Gloucester and Carmarthen, ii. 23
” ii. 22, 28, 215
Halifax, ii. 23, 106
Hastings, ii. 23, 24, 215, 237
Holyhead, ii. 15, 23, 207, 315
Hull, ii. 23
Ipswich, ii. 150, 312
Lancaster and Kirkby Stephen, ii. 152
Leeds, ii. 23, 24
Liverpool, ii. 23
” and Manchester, ii. 12
” and Preston, ii. 27
Louth, ii. 23, 28, 106, 235
Lynn and Wells, ii. 23, 235
Manchester, ii. 23
Norwich, by Newmarket, ii. 15, 23, 215
Plymouth and Falmouth, ii. 314
Poole, ii. 160
Portsmouth, ii. 23, 24, 160
Southampton, ii. 22, 23
Stroud, ii. 22, 23
Wick and Thurso, ii. 40
Worcester, ii. 23, 215, 318
Yarmouth, ii. 23, 24
York, ii. 150
Stage-coaches, first established 1657, i. 2;
considered vulgar, i. 25;
patent for Edinburgh and Leith waggon-coach granted, 1610, i. 56;
said to have begun about 1640, i. 57;
John Taylor travels by the Southampton coach, 1648, i. 58–60;
Chester Stage, first regular stage-coach, established 1657, i. 60;
Exeter, Okehampton, Plymouth, Newark, Darlington, Ferryhill, York, Durham, Edinburgh and Wakefield stages established 1658, i. 61;
itinerary varied to suit prospective travellers, i. 63;
Oxford coach, 1661, i. 63;
Preston, Lancashire, 1662, i. 63;
horses went whole journey, i. 63;
changed once a day, i. 63;
Norwich coach, 1665, i. 64;
lack of full information, about 1660–80, i. 64–74;
early stages described by Taylor, the Water Poet, i. 65;
described, i. 65–7, 82;
first provided with glazed windows, about 1710, i. 67;
agonies of travelling in, i. 63, 67, 72;
Bath Flying Machine, 1667, i. 68;
De Laune’s Present State of London, 1681, contains first lists of, i. 77–9;
general in 1681, i. 77;
opposition to, dies down, i. 79;
fares moderate, 1684, i. 79;
winter still, in 1731, largely a season of no coaches, i. 82;
easily outpaced by pedestrians, about 1750, i. 82–85;
six horses and a postilion generally used, 1754–1783, i. 85, 86, 90;
horses changed oftener than once a day, i. 87;
consequent acceleration, i. 88;
beginnings of competition and rivalry, i. 89;
agreements between proprietors, i. 89;
consequent deceleration of coaches, i. 90;
Edinburgh stage a “glass machine on steel springs,” 1754, i. 89;
of 1750, described by Sir Walter Scott, i. 97;
outside passengers first provided with seats, about 1800, i. 181;
fore and hind boots introduced, about 1800, i. 181;
contempt of insides for outsides, i. 181, 210;
“Land Frigate,” London and Portsmouth, i. 182;
springs under driving-boxes introduced about 1805, i. 185; ii. 240;
shorter stages adopted, about 1800, i. 186;
travel at night, from about 1780, i. 186; ii. 66;
speed increased, i. 189;
duty levied, 1776, i. 205;
duty increased 1783 and 1785, i. 206;
accidents increase, i. 206;
Gamon’s Acts, regulating number of passengers, 1788–90, i. 206–9;
severity of Acts of 1806 and 1811, regulating, i. 209–12;
the law constantly broken, i. 212;
rise and progress of the professional informers, i. 213–18;
duties reduced, 1839, i. 218–20;
provincial coaches despised, i. 245;
first begin to be named, i. 282;
opposition and rivalry of, i. 282–8;
“machine” becomes a favourite term, about 1754, i. 286;
introduction of “diligences,” about 1776, i. 287;
“diligences,” originally fast, become slow, i. 288–92;
Shillibeer’s Brighton Diligence, i. 290–92;
the Post-Coaches and Light Post-Coaches, a fast and exclusive type, i. 292–5;
objectionable company in, i. 294;
“Accommodation” coaches, slow and capacious, introduced about 1800, i. 295;
generally acquire names from about 1780, i. 295;
the principles and system of naming described, i. 295–317;
the public alarmed by increasing accidents, 1810–20, i. 310;
“patent safety,” i. 309–16;
Waude’s coaches, ii. 16;
fast day coaches begin, 1824, ii. 173–87;
attain speed of eleven and twelve miles an hour, ii. 179, 185;
Cobbett on, ii. 182;
gas-lighting of, proposed, ii. 186;
Glasgow and Paisley coaches lit by gas 1827, ii. 186;
increased comfort and elegance of, ii. 186;
“short stages,” the, ii. 187–93;
threatened by railways, ii. 208;
rivalry, 1830–36, ii. 215–17;
threatened by steam-carriages, 1824–38, ii. 260–68;
run off by railways, ii. 269–74;
long survived on branch routes, ii. 281;
ended generally 1848, ii. 292
Stage-coaches (mentioned at length):—
Age, Brighton, ii. 247, 252
Amersham and Wendover stage, ii. 281
Bath Flying Machine, 1667, i. 68
Bedford Times, i. 2
Beehive, Manchester, ii. 162, 229–31
Birmingham Flying Coach, 1742, i. 92
” Improved Flying Coach, 1758, i. 92
” and Shrewsbury Long Coach, 1753, in 4 days, i. 95
” stage, 1697, by Banbury, i. 77; in 2½ days, 1731, i. 80
Chesham stage, ii. 281
Chester stage, 1657, in 4 days, i. 60;
in 5 days, i. 62;
in 6 days, 1710, i. 73
Coburg, Brighton, ii. 97
” Edinburgh and Perth, ii. 108
Comet, Brighton, established 1815, i. 305–8, 312
” Southampton, ii. 207
“Confatharrat,” Norwich, 1695, i. 80, 282
Coronet, Brighton, ii. 251
Criterion, Brighton, ii. 105
Defiance, Exeter, ii. 235
” Manchester, ii. 207, 228
Derby Dilly, the, i. 239
Duke of Beaufort, Brighton, ii. 101
Edinburgh stage, once a fortnight, 1658, i. 61;
in 10 days summer, 12 winter, 1754, i. 89;
once a month, in 12 days, 1763, i. 90
Emerald, Bristol, ii. 207
Estafette, Manchester, ii. 186
Everlasting, Wolverhampton and Worcester, i. 238–40
Exeter Fly, in 6 days, 1700, i. 80
” Flying Stage, 1739, generally 6 days, i. 90
” Fast Coach, 1752, every Monday, in 3½ days summer, 6 winter, i. 91
Exeter stage, in 4 days, 1658, i. 61;
in 8 days summer, 10 winter 1673, i. 74
Expedition, Norwich, ii. 150
Fowler’s Shrewsbury stage, 1753, in 3½ days, i. 95
Glasgow and Edinburgh stage, 1678, in 3 days, i. 76; 1743, i. 76
” ” ” Caravan, 1749, in 2 days, i. 77
Glasgow and Edinburgh Fly, 1759, in 1½ days, i. 77
Gloucester Old Stage, ii. 240
Greyhound, Birmingham, ii. 207
Hull and York stage, 1678, i. 74
Independent Tally-Ho, Birmingham, ii. 215
Land Frigate, Portsmouth, i. 182
Lark, Leicester and Nottingham, ii. 110
Leeds Flying Coach, 1760, in 4 days, i. 93
Lewes and Brighthelmstone Flying Machine, 1762, i. 283
” stage, i. 283
Liverpool Flying Machine, 1758, in 3 days, i. 93
Magnet, Cheltenham, ii. 207
Maidenhead and Marlow Post-Coach, i. 294
Manchester Flying Coach, 1754, in 4½ days, i. 92
Nelson, Newcastle-on-Tyne, i. 67
Newcastle Flying Coach, 1734, in 9 days, i. 87
Nimrod, Shrewsbury, ii. 215
Norwich stage, 1665, i. 64
Oxford Flying Coach, 1669, in 1 day, i. 69
” stage, 1661, in 2 days, i. 63, 68
Peveril of the Peak, Manchester, ii. 107, 229, 237
Potter, Manchester and Stafford, ii. 150
Preston, Lancashire, stage, 1662, i. 63
Prince of Wales, Birmingham and Shrewsbury, i. 185, 231; ii. 240, 307
Quicksilver, Brighton, ii. 102–5
Red Rover, Brighton, ii. 311
” Liverpool, ii. 207
” Manchester, ii. 162, 229, 277
Regent, Stamford, ii. 207
Rocket, London and Portsmouth, ii. 320
Rockingham, Leeds, ii. 81
Safety, Cambridge, i. 241
Salop Machine, the “original,” 1774, i. 98
Shrewsbury Caravan, 1750, in 4 days, i. 119
Sovereign, Patent Safety, Brighton, i. 311
Stag, Shrewsbury, ii. 216
Star, Cambridge, i. 241; ii. 257, 299
Taglioni, Windsor, i. 316
Tally-Ho, Birmingham, ii. 214, 237
” Plymouth and Falmouth, ii. 314
Tantivy, Birmingham, i. 278, 317; ii. 185, 207, 237
Telegraph, Cambridge, ii. 207, 299
” Exeter, i. 300–303; ii. 34, 39, 227, 295, 313
” Manchester, i. 300; ii. 185, 207, 227–9
Telegraph, Southampton, ii. 306
” Norwich, by Newmarket, ii. 15, 150
Times, Bedford, i. 2; ii. 217
” Brighton and Southampton, ii. 113
” Cambridge, i. 241
True Blue, Leeds and Wakefield, ii. 97
Umpire, Liverpool, ii. 217
Union, King’s Lynn, i. 250; ii. 300, 302–5
Wakefield stage, 1658, in 4 days, i. 61
Warwick ” 1694, once a week, in 2 days, i. 80
Wellington, Newcastle-on-Tyne, ii. 66–95
Wonder, Shrewsbury, ii. 49, 185, 215, 227, 306
Worcester Old Fly, ii. 241
York stage, 1658, in 4 days, i. 61;
1673, i. 74;
1706, i. 75
Coaching Age, began 1657, i. 2, 60;
end of, ii. 260–91;
long survived on branch routes, ii. 281;
ended generally by 1848, ii. 292
Coaching Notabilities:—
Barrymores, Earls of, ii. 241
Cotton, Sir St. Vincent, ii. 246–51, 257
Jones, C. Tyrwhitt, ii. 251
Kenyon, Hon. Thomas, ii. 233
Lade, Sir John, ii. 241
Lennox, Lord William, i. 278, 347
Mellish, Colonel, ii. 241, 245
Mytton, John, ii. 245
Peyton, Sir Henry, ii. 233
Stevenson, Henry, ii. 247, 251–4
Warburton, R. E. E., i. 317–19
Warde, John, i. 185, 231, 317; ii. 240
Worcester, Marquis of (afterwards 7th Duke of Beaufort), ii. 101, 251
Coachmen, forbidden to allow amateurs to drive, i. 209;
penalties on, for misdemeanours, i. 209–11;
the early, i. 221–30;
the later, i. 231–48;
the “flash men,” i. 235;
denounced violently by Borrow, i. 235–8;
described, ii. 72–4, 83–7, 91–4; ii. 174–7;
“shoulder” fares and “swallow” passengers, ii. 200–203;
contempt of, for railways, 1833–37, ii. 268;
lose their occupation, ii. 278–81;
what became of the, ii. 292–321
Coachmen:—
Abingdon, John, ii. 318
Bailey, Jack, i. 231; ii. 240
Brewer, Sampson, ii. 315
Carter, Philip, ii. 311
Clements, Wm., ii. 311
Cracknell, E., i. 318; ii. 185
Creery, Jack, ii. 152
Cross, Thomas, i. 238; ii. 299–306
Emmens, Joe, i. 228
Hayward, Sam, ii. 306
Holmes, Charles, ii. 316
Howse, Jerry, ii. 186
Jobson, John, ii. 307
Layfield, Tom, ii. 91
Marsh, Matthew, ii. 308
Parker, ——, ii. 319
Peers, Jack, ii. 306
Pickett, A., i. 315; ii. 306
Pointer, Robert, ii. 320
Salisbury, Harry, ii. 185
Salter, Wm., ii. 316
Simpson, Harry, ii. 308
Thorogood, John, i. 238
Vaughan, Dick, ii. 299
Vickers, Dick, ii. 315
Walton, Jo, i. 241; ii. 257, 299
Ward, Charles, i. 238; ii. 120, 311–15
” Harry, i. 238, 246; ii. 311
Williams, Bill, ii. 257–9
Wilson, John, i. 238–40
” William, i. 240
Coachmen killed:—
Aiken, ——, ii. 106
Austin, ——, ii. 106
Burnett, ——, ii. 107
Cherry, ——, ii. 116
Crouch, Thomas, ii. 107
Draing, James, ii. 115
Eyles, ——, ii. 116
Fleet, ——, ii. 101
Frisby, ——, ii. 110
Roberts, Thomas, ii. 106
Skinner, Henry, ii. 317
Upfold, William, ii. 113
Vaughan, Dick, ii. 299
Walker, Joseph, ii. 98
Wilkes, John, ii. 318
Coach-proprietors, alarmed by establishment of mail-coaches, 1784, i. 160;
provide driving-boxes with springs, 1805, i. 185;
petition against Bill regulating stage-coaches, 1788, i. 208;
liabilities of, i. 208–10; prosecuted and fined, i. 216;
relief of, at close of coaching age, by reduction of duties, i. 218–20;
begin to name their coaches, i. 282;
indisposed to adopt “safety” coaches, 1805, i. 309;
obliged by public opinion to do so, 1819, i. 311–16;
hazardous business of, from 1824, ii. 173;
cut fares in competition, 1834, ii. 187;
bitter rivalry among, i. 283, ii. 215–18;
of short stages, ii. 187;
business of, described, ii. 194–238;
spirited struggle of, against railways, ii. 273–8;
misled by irresponsible newspaper talk, ii. 274–7
Coach-proprietors:—
Alexander, Israel, ii. 102
Batchelor, James, of Lewes, i. 283–5
Brawne, S., i. 283
Bretherton, of Liverpool, ii. 238
Capps, Thomas Ward, of Brighton, ii. 253
Carter, of Shrewsbury, i. 109
Chaplin, William, of the “Swan with Two Necks,” Lad Lane, ii. 34, 141, 173–5, 195–210, 212, 228, 238, 312
Chaplin, William Augustus, ii. 210
Chaplin & Horne, ii. 209
Cooper, Thomas, of Thatcham, ii. 173
Costar & Waddell, of Oxford, ii. 186
Cripps, William, of Brighton, ii. 251
Cross, John, of the “Golden Cross,” Charing Cross, ii. 300
Fagg, Thomas, of the “Bell and Crown,” Holborn, ii. 235
Gilbert, William, of the “Blossoms” Inn, Lawrence Lane, ii. 237
Goodman, S., of Brighton, ii. 102–5
Grey, Robert, of the “Bolt-in-Tun,” Fleet Street, ii. 237
Hearn, Joseph, of the “King’s Arms,” Snow Hill, ii. 237
Hine, ——, of Brighton, ii. 181
Horne, Benjamin Worthy, of the “Golden Cross,” Charing Cross, ii. 15, 141, 208, 210–25
Horne, Henry, ii. 223
” William, ii. 210–13, 215
Jobson, J., of Shrewsbury, ii. 215, 307
Mountain, Mrs. Sarah Ann, of the “Saracen’s Head,” Snow Hill, ii. 214, 236
Nelson, Mrs. Ann, of the “Bull” Inn, Whitechapel, i. 300; ii. 227, 232–5, 236; ii. 313, 343
Nelson, John, ii. 235
” Robert, of the “Belle Sauvage,” Ludgate Hill, ii. 215, 229–35
Roberts, ——, of the “White Horse,” Fetter Lane, ii. 213
Rothwell, Nicholas, of Warwick, i. 80–85
Sherman, Edward, of the “Bull and Mouth,” St. Martin’s-le-Grand, ii. 186, 207, 215, 216, 217, 226–8, 229, 231, 273–8
Shillibeer, George, i. 290–92
Taylor, Isaac, of Shrewsbury, ii. 215, 216, 307
Teather, Edward, of Carlisle, ii. 238
Tubb, J., i. 283–5
Waddell, of Birmingham, ii. 238
Ward, Charles, ii. 313–15
Waterhouse, William, of the “Swan with Two Necks,” Lad Lane, ii. 196
Webb, Frederic, of Bolton, ii. 238
Wetherald, J. & Co., of Manchester, ii. 238, 278
Whitchurch, Best & Wilkins, of Brighton, i. 312–15
Willans, Wm., of the “Bull and Mouth,” St. Martin’s-le-Grand, ii. 227
Worcester, Marquis of (afterwards 7th Duke of Beaufort), ii. 101
Coach travelling, on the roof, described by Moritz, 1782, i. 99–102;
by mail, 1798, described by Boulton, i. 179;
passengers booked in advance, i. 321;
miseries of early morning, i. 325–32;
about 1750, described in Roderick Random, i. 333;
courtesies to ladies, 1714, i. 335;
romance of, i. 336;
severe test of a gentleman, i. 337;
humours of coach-dinners, i. 337–47;
coach-breakfasts, i. 347–51;
social gulf between inside and outside passengers, i. 351;
described by De Quincey, i. 351–3;
humour in, i. 353;
adventures described, i. 355;
savage idea of humour, i. 356–8;
practical joking, i. 357;
outside the most desirable place in summer, ii. 67;
in 1772, ii. 48–65;
in 1830, ii. 66–95;
miseries of, in winter, ii. 155–8, 169
“Comet” coaches, begin about 1811, i. 304–8
Commercial travellers, known successively as “riders,” “bagmen,” “travellers,” “commercial gentlemen,” “ambassadors of commerce,” and “representatives,” i. 56;
come into existence about 1730, i. 118;
adventure of a, ii. 328
“Common stage-waggons,” a term specified by General Turnpike Act of 1766, i. 204
Cornets-à-piston, popular with guards, i. 280
Cresset, John, denounces stage-coaches, 1662, i. 26, 70–74
Darwin, Dr. Erasmus, prophesies railways and balloons, ii. 260, 282
“Derby Dilly,” the, i. 289
Dickens, Charles, on coach booking-offices, i. 322;
on miseries of early morning travelling, i. 325–32;
on coaching prints, ii. 110;
Christmas stories, ii. 162;
at the “Bull,” Whitechapel, ii. 234
Diligences, a species of Light Post-Coach, i. 160, 287–92;
originally fast, and carried three inside passengers only, i. 287;
became slow, i. 288–90;
Shillibeer’s Brighton Diligence, i. 290–92
“Double Horse,” the, i. 53
Eliot, George, foreshadows tube railways, ii. 282–5
Elizabeth, Queen, suffers from riding in carriage, i. 5;
prefers riding horseback, i. 5
Fares, by stage-coach, a shilling for every five miles, 1684, i. 79;
London and Bath, £1 5s., 1667, i. 69;
Bath Flying Machine, 3d. a mile, 1667, i. 69;
London and Oxford, 12s., 1669, i. 71;
10s., 1671, i. 71;
Liverpool Flying Machine, about 2½d. a mile, 1758, i. 93;
reduced in competition on Brighton Road, 1762, i. 284;
in competition with railways, 1838, ii. 273;
Shrewsbury and London Long Coach, 18s., 1753, i. 95;
Shrewsbury and London Caravan, 15s., 1750, i. 119;
Shrewsbury and London Stage, inside, £1 1s., 1753, i. 119;
Shrewsbury and London Machine, inside, 30s., 1764, i. 120;
Newcastle and London, 1772, ii. 63;
1830, ii. 67, 95;
reduced all round, 1834, ii. 187
Fares, Short stages, ii. 189
” Waggon, from ½d. to 1d. a mile, i. 69, 139;
½d. a mile, or 1s. a day, i. 120, 131
Floods, ii. 165–70
Fly Boats, i. 140; ii. 130
” Vans, London and Falmouth, 1820, i. 136–9
“Flying Coach,” the first, 1669, i. 69
“Flying Machines,” the first, 1667, i. 68;
described, i. 68–93, 283–5
Flying Stage-waggon, London and Shrewsbury, in 5 days, 1750, i. 118
Gamon, Sir Richard, legislates on coaching, i. 206–8
Gay, John, the Poet, his Journey to Exeter, 1715, i. 28–33
Goods, carriage of, by pack-horses, i. 106–111; ii. 124;
by sledges, called “Truckamucks,” i. 107;
pack-horses partly replaced by waggons about 1730, i. 117;
cost of carriage, 1750, i. 135;
by road and canal, about 1830, i. 140;
carrying firms, ii. 123–43, 207–10
Guards, generally, “shoulder” fares and “swallow” passengers, ii. 200–203
Guards of mails, not to fire off blunderbusses unnecessarily, i. 209;
servants of General Post Office, i. 249;
gross excesses of early, i. 250–52;
Post Office responsible for excesses, i. 251;
how armed and equipped, i. 251–60;
extravagant behaviour restricted, i. 252;
appointments eagerly sought, i. 252;
salary small, 10s. 6d. weekly, i. 253;
“tips” render appointments valuable, i. 253;
illegal purveyors of game, i. 254;
trusted and confidential messengers, i. 255;
as smugglers, i. 256;
bravery of, and devotion to duty, i. 256;
number of, i. 256;
responsibilities of, i. 258;
purveyors of news, i. 259;
their duties, i. 261;
instructions to, i. 262;
prosperity of, i. 262;
position poor on cross-country mails, i. 263;
salaries raised, 1842, i. 263;
forbidden to play key-bugle, i. 280;
devoted to duty, ii. 160;
rashness of, ii. 165
Guards of mails:—
Couldery, —, i. 265; ii. 120
Kent, Luke, ii. 319
Murrell, “Cocky,” i. 271
Nobbs, Moses J., i. 264–71; ii. 119
Guards of stage-coaches, i. 272–81;
stages not always provided with, i. 272;
versatile accomplishments of, i. 273;
annual festivities of, i. 275–8;
snowbound at Dunchurch, ii. 162
Guards of stage-coaches:—
Faulkner, Francis, ii. 320
Goodwin, Jack, ii. 162
Hadley, Robert, i. 274, 276
Lord, Joe, ii. 152
Russell, Thomas, i. 281
Young, George, i. 273
Guide-posts obligatory, 1690, i. 112
Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy, inventor of steam-carriages, ii. 261–5, 285
Hackney coaches, denounced by Taylor, i. 9;
established 1605, i. 9–13
“Hammercloth,” derivation of the term, i. 68, 97
Hancock, Walter, inventor of steam-carriages, ii. 261, 264–8, 285
Hazlett, Robert, highwayman, ii. 53
Highwaymen, the, i. 85, 116, 120–23, 157, 186, 332–5; ii. 53, 59–61, 144–50, 326, 327–9
Hobson, Thomas, the Cambridge carrier, i. 65, 103–5, 205; ii. 124
Hoby, Sir Thos., sets up a carriage, 1566, i. 4
Horsemen, the, i. 14–56
Horses, generally six to a coach until about 1783–90, i. 85, 86, 90;
usually same horses from beginning to end of journey until 1734, i. 63, 87;
the “Double Horse,” i. 53;
“parliamentary horse,” i. 218;
fast coaches wear horses out quickly, 1824, ii. 173;
average price paid for, 1824, ii. 176;
system of working improved, 1824, ii. 176;
bad-tempered, bought cheap, ii. 177
Informers, i. 213–18
Inns (mentioned at length):—
Bell and Crown, Holborn, ii. 235
Belle Sauvage, Ludgate Hill, i. 323, 324; ii. 229, 237
Blossoms, Lawrence Lane, ii. 185, 229, 237
Boar and Castle, Oxford Street, ii. 189
Bolt-in-Tun, Fleet Street, ii. 215, 237
Bull, Whitechapel, i. 324; ii. 227, 232–5, 343
Bull and Mouth, St. Martin’s-le-Grand, i. 323, 324; ii. 67, 68, 147, 178, 214, 215, 226, 231, 273, 277
Four Crosses, Willoughby, i. 46
George, Huntingdon, ii. 74
Golden Cross, Charing Cross, i. 322, 323, 324, 329; ii. 210, 213, 214
Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul’s Churchyard, ii. 189, 296
Green Man and Still, Oxford Street, ii. 190
Hardwicke Arms, Arrington Bridge, ii. 73
King’s Arms, Snow Hill, ii. 237
Lion, Shrewsbury, ii. 215
Old Bell, Holborn, ii. 190, 282
Pelican, Speenhamland, ii. 340, 343
Saracen’s Head, Snow Hill, i. 324; ii. 67, 214, 236
Swan with Two Necks, Lad Lane, i. 323, 324; ii. 178, 195–9, 204, 228
Talbot, Shrewsbury, ii. 215
Three Tuns, Durham, ii. 340
Wheatsheaf, Rushyford Bridge, ii. 94
Winterslow Hut, ii. 151
“Journey,” original meaning of word, i. 107
Key-bugles, popular with guards, i. 279–81
Legislation, i. 194–220
Long coaches (an intermediate class of vehicle, between stage-coaches and waggons), i. 95, 119, 210, 286
Long Coach, Birmingham and Shrewsbury, 1753, 3½ days to London, i. 119
“Machines” introduced 1667, i. 68;
the term in general use about 1740, i. 69, 120, 282;
a favourite term, i. 286
Mail-coaches—see “Coaches: Mail-coaches”
Mary, Queen, her State Coach, 1553, i. 3
Matthews’ Patent Safety Coach, i. 312
Milton, Rev. W., inventor of Patent Safety Coach, 1805, i. 309; ii. 96
Motor-cars, early (1823–38), ii. 260–68;
modern, ii. 285–9, 347
Northumberland, Earl of, sets up a carriage, 1619, i. 8
Nunn, James, buyer of horses for Chaplin, ii. 204–7
Old-time travellers:—
Brome, Rev.—, tour of, 1700, ii. 333
Calderwood, Mrs., of Bolton and Coltness, 1756, ii. 334
Cary, Robert, rides from London to Edinburgh, 1603, i. 16
Charles VI., Emperor, visits Petworth, ii. 332
Clarendon, Henry, Earl of, travels from Chester to Holyhead, 1685, i. 21
Cobbett, Richard, rides horseback, i. 55;
on coaches, ii. 181
Denmark, Prince George of, visits Petworth, ii. 332
De Quincey, Thomas, on contempt of inside passengers for outsides, i. 210, 351–3;
prefers outside of coaches, ii. 67
Dugdale, Sir William, mentions Birmingham coach of 1697, i. 77
Fiennes, Celia, in Lancashire, 1691, surprised at finding sign-posts, i. 115
Gay, John (the poet) A Journey to Exeter, 1715, i. 28–33
Hawker, Col., on travelling in 1812, i. 245;
on cost of journey, London to Glasgow, 1812, ii. 1–3, 4;
on “Bull and Mouth” inn, 1812, ii. 227
Johnson, Dr., i. 52–3
Macready, William C. (the actor), on incredibly slow journey, Liverpool to London, 1811, i. 294
Moritz, Rev. C. H., on miseries of outside passengers, 1782, i. 98–102
Murray, Rev. James, describes a journey from Newcastle-on-Tyne to London, 1772, ii. 48–65
Parker, Edward, on miseries of coach journey from Preston, Lancashire, 1662, i. 25–63
Pepys, Samuel, often loses the road, i. 112
Somerset, Dukes of, and Petworth, ii. 332
Sopwith, Thomas, on discontinuance of York Mail, ii. 39
Sorbière, Samuel de, on waggoners, 1663, i. 127
Swift, Jonathan, Dean, his couplets for inn signs on Penmaenmawr, i. 21;
on horseback journey, Chester to London, 1710, i. 33, 73;
on journey London to Holyhead and Dublin, 1726, i. 33;
diary of journey, London to Holyhead, 1727, i. 34–47;
epigram at Willoughby, i. 46;
travels by stage-waggon, i. 132;
on travelling, ii. 330
Taylor, John (the “Water Poet”), travels to Southampton, 1648, i. 58–60
Thoresby, Ralph, travels by York stage to London, 1683, i. 27, 73;
finds the Hull to York stage discontinued for winter season, 1678, i. 74;
going horseback, often misses his way, i. 112;
describes custom of treating lady passengers in coaches, 1714, i. 335;
on spring festivities, 1714, ii. 346
Wesley, John, generally travelled horseback, i. 47;
describes his adventures, i. 47–52;
finds unpleasant company in a coach, i. 293
Omnibuses, displace “short stages,” ii. 193;
“Wellington,” Stratford and Westbourne Grove, ii. 235;
of Richmond Conveyance Co., ii. 296
Outside passengers first heard of, and probable origin of carrying, i. 95;
miseries of, i. 98–102;
first provided with seats, i. 181;
treated with contempt by inside passengers, i. 210, 351–3; ii. 181
Pack-horses, i. 106–9, 111, 118;
partly replaced by waggons about 1730, i. 117;
pack-horse trains, ii. 124
Palmer, John, Post Office reformer, account of, i. 148–80 (Appendix, Vol. I., p. 359);
proposes a service of mail-coaches, i. 155;
plan for, matured 1782, i. 156;
establishes first mail-coach, 1784, i. 158;
proposes to extend system to France, i. 163;
appointed Comptroller-General 1786, i. 164;
contentions with Postmasters-General, i. 165–72;
his character, i. 166;
betrayed by Bonnor, i. 168;
dismissed, i. 172;
grant to, i. 173;
death of, i. 174;
ancestry of, Appendix, Vol. I., p. 359;
descendants, 359
“Parliamentary Horse,” the, i. 218
“Patent Safety” coaches, i. 309–16; ii. 109
Pepys, Samuel, sets up a carriage, 1668, i. 11;
in travelling, often loses the road, i. 112
“Pickaxe” team, i.e. three horses, ii. 270
Pickford & Co., i. 139; ii. 123–43, 208
” Matthew, ii. 125–7
” Thomas, ii. 125–7
Poor people, how they travelled, i. 115, 131–3, 139;
find it cheaper to go by rail, i. 144
Postboys, i.e. mail-carriers, i. 146, 152;
went toll-free, ii. 5
Postes, Master of the, i. 14
Post-horses, State monopoly of, i. 14–23;
monopoly abolished, 1780, i. 23;
mileage charges for, i. 15;
increased, i. 18
Postmaster-General, office of created, 1657, i. 18
Postmasters, i.e. keepers of post-horses, i. 15–18, 147
“Post Office of England” created, 1657, i. 17;
re-established, 1660, i. 22
Post Office, General, i. 14–19, 20, 22–4, 46–180;
declines Hancock’s offer to convey mails by steam-carriage, ii. 268
Railways:—
Mails first carried by, 1830, ii. 16;
authorised to convey mails, 1838, ii. 16;
run York coaches off road, 1840, ii. 39;
run waggons off, ii. 138;
threaten coaching, ii. 208;
projected railways criticised, 1838, ii. 209;
ruin the early steam-carriages, ii. 268;
ridiculed, 1837, ii. 268;
cut up the coach routes, ii. 270–74;
bad service of trains, 1838, ii. 274;
insolence of officials, ii. 274–7;
public dissatisfaction with, 1838, ii. 274–7;
tube railways foreshadowed by George Eliot, ii. 282–5
Grand Junction, ii. 141, 274
Highland, ii. 40
Liverpool and Manchester, ii. 16, 96, 138
London and Birmingham (now London and North-Western), ii. 141, 208, 222–5, 273, 278
London and Manchester, ii. 16, 96, 138
London and Southampton (now London and South-Western), ii. 17, 36, 209, 299
Metropolitan extended to Aylesbury 1892, ii. 281
North British, ii. 40
“Ride and Tie,” custom of, i. 54
Rippon, Walter, carriage-maker to Queen Mary, i. 4
Roads, bad state of, 1568, i. 5;
dreadful condition in North Wales in eighteenth century, i. 20–22;
Exeter Road described in 1752 as “dreadful,” i. 91;
first General Highway Act, 1555, i. 106;
mere tracks and unenclosed, 1739, i. 111;
not safe for solitary travellers, i. 115;
gradually improve from 1700, i. 117;
growth of heavy traffic cuts them up, i. 123;
ignorance of road-surveyors, i. 123;
legislation to protect, 1760, i. 123–6;
1622–29, 194–6;
1752, i. 199–202;
General Turnpike Act, 1766, i. 202–5;
improve generally, ii. 3;
shocking state of, between Carlisle and Glasgow, 1812, ii. 4;
wear and tear of, by mails, ii. 4–9;
and early steam-carriages, ii. 262;
vulgarised by modern “improvements,” ii. 326;
terrible state of, in Sussex, ii. 332;
picturesqueness of, threatened by coming changes, ii. 347
Robberies from coaches, ii. 144–50
“Rumble-tumble,” i. 96, 97, 99;
miseries of travelling in the, i. 101, 139
Rutland, Earl of, sets up a carriage, 1555
Shillibeer, George, his “Brighton Diligence,” i. 290–92;
his omnibuses, ii. 193
Short stages, the, ii. 188–93
“Short Tommy,” the, ii. 175
“Shouldering,” i.e. stealing, fares, ii. 200–203
Sign-posts obligatory, 1690, i. 112
Silver, Anthony, carriage-maker to Queen Mary, i. 3
Smollett, Tobias, i. 108, 110;
on travelling in 1748, i. 115–17, 334
Snowstorms, i. 261, 264–9; ii. 137, 157, 159–62, 166–9
Stage-coaches—see “Coaches: stage-coaches”
Stage-waggons, established about 1500, i. 2: see “Waggons”
Steam-carriages, 1823–38, ii. 217, 260–68
Sunday, a day of rest, i. 29, 90
” Trading Acts, i. 196–9; ii. 148
“Swallowing,” i.e. stealing, fares, ii. 200–203
Talbot, the old English hound, i. 109
“Tantivy,” meaning of the word, ii. 185
“Tantivy Trot,” coaching song, ii. 185
Telegraph coaches established, from about 1781, i. 300–303
Telegraph springs introduced, ii. 228
“Tipping,” origin and progress of, i. 228–30;
of mail-guards, i. 253, 262;
forbidden, i. 263;
of coachmen, i. 345; ii. 1
Tom Brown’s Schooldays, i. 347
“Travel,” origin of the word, i. 107
“Truckamuck,” a kind of sledge, i. 107
Turnpike Acts, growth of, 1700–1770, i. 117;
penalise narrow and encourage broad wheels, i. 124–6, 202–205;
General Turnpike Act, 1766, i. 202–205
Turnpike keepers, i. 24, 208, 212;
prosecuted by informers, i. 217;
sleepy, ii. 79
Turnpike roads, not in favour with waggoners, i. 126
Turnpike tolls, i. 124;
levied on waggons, i. 200–205;
doubled on Sundays about 1780, ii. 147;
heavy discriminatory charges against steam-carriages, ii. 262, 263
Turnpike Trusts, grievances of, against Post Office, ii. 4–9;
action of, against steam-carriages, ii. 262, 263
“Unicorn” team, i.e. three horses, ii. 270
Van, origin of the name, ii. 129
Van proprietors:—
Chaplin & Horne, ii. 209, 229
Pickford & Co., i. 123–43
Russell & Co., i. 136–9
Van proprietors prosecuted for technical offences, i. 216
Vidler & Parratt, mail-coach manufacturers, i. 178; ii. 17, 18, 44
Waggons, i. 103–45;
established about 1500, i. 103;
increase in number and weight about 1760, i. 123;
legislation directed against 1766, i. 124–6, 202–204;
only disappear so late as 1860, i. 144;
four-wheeled waggons forbidden 1622, i. 194;
loads over 20 cwt. forbidden 1622, i. 195;
restrictions on teams, i. 195–200;
on loads, i. 200
Waggoners, character of the, i. 126–31;
forbidden to ride on their waggons, i. 205;
preyed upon by informers, i. 212–14
Waude, ——, coach-builder, ii. 16, 43–7, 228
Weller, Tony, as typical coachman, i. 221
Witherings, Thomas, Master of the Postes, i. 17
Yard-porters, status of, ii. 178
York, James, Duke of, sets up a “glass coach,” 1661, i. 11, 66
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