INDEX
Reading edition
Abernethy, J., 84
Abiotrophy, 139
Acquired characters, 35, 75, 79
Activity. See Functional; Muscular
Adam, age of, 14
Adami, J. G., 87
Adolescence, termination of period of, 17
Adrenals, 110
Age, the “critical,” 140
the “dangerous,” 26
exaggeration of, by elderly people, 20, 21
Albuminuria, 126
Alcohol, abuse of, 57
action of, on the tissues, 57
influence on longevity, 33, 34, 57
Alimentary canal, lymphoid atrophy of, 109
Allbutt, Clifford, 37, 55, 59, 150
Allen treatment of diabetes, 56
Amputation, for diabetic gangrene, 142
Anabolism, cellular, 67
Anaemia, secondary, 108
Anal orifice, narrowing of, 152
Anatomical changes, 60, 63, 90–114
Andrewes, F. W., 145
Aneurysms, 150, 151
Angiomas, 108
Animal life, duration of, 17, 18
experimental modification of life cycle and growth of, 11
natural death in, 13, 14
rejuvenation and senescence in, 9–11
Aortic stenosis, 149
Aphasia, transient attacks of, 151
Appetite, 56, 118
Arcus senilis, 98
Arnold, M., 123
Aron, 75
Arteries, degenerative changes in, 97, 105–107
“pipe-stem,” 106
Arteriosclerosis, 97, 105–107, 149
age incidence of, 105, 140
causes of, 105, 142
hereditary transmission of, 37
influence of smoking on, 59
prostatic hypertrophy and, 112
spasm associated with, 151
thyroid prevention of, 73
Arthritic affections, 154
Arthritis, chronic infective, 155
Atheroma. See Arteriosclerosis
Athyroidism, 73
Atkinson, Edward, nonagenarian, 51
Atrophy—
brown, 103, 105
cardiac, 104, 140, 149
degenerative, 46
general, 62, 91, 139
causes of, 137, 138
genital, 114
lymphoid, 108
muscular, 103
of auditory nerve, 118
of skin and secretory glands, 141
of thymus, 109
precocious, 138
renal, 111
splenic, 109
testicular, 113
Atropine, 127, 128
Aub and Dubois, 116
Auditory nerve, atrophy of, 118
Auto-suggestion, 48
Bacon, Francis, 17, 95
Bacon, Roger, 17
Baddeley, J. J., 51
Baldness, 95
causes of, 96
thyroid extract in, 96
Barclay-Smith, E., 82
Baronsdale, W., 5
Bell, B., 75
Bell, J. R., 115
Benjamin, H., 77
Berman, L., 71
Biedl, A., 71
Biochemistry of old age, 64–68
Biological aspect of old age, 10, 11, 23, 63
Biotripsy, 93
Birth, expectation of life at, 13, 41, 42
Birth control, 24
Bladder, 133, 153
Blane, G., 142
Blood, condition of, 108, 115
increase of urea-nitrogen in, 115
Blood pressure, 125
and heredity, 37
high, 55, 124
longevity in relation to, 37
senile, 104, 124, 125
Blood supply, diminished, 106
Blood transfusion, 66
Bodily vigour, sex gland activity as manifestation of, 69
Body, cells of. See Cells
conformation of, 60
fibrous framework of, 92
structural changes in, 90
temperature of, 116
water content at birth and adult life, 64
Boerhaave, 91
Bone marrow, atrophy of, 108
Bones, injuries to, healing of, 126, 127
Paget’s disease of, 156
rarefaction and absorption of, 99
arterial degeneration with, 107
Bony changes, 98, 99
Bouin and Ancel, 73
Brain, changes in, 96, 146
degeneration of cells of, 97
organic changes in, 145
senile atrophy of, 139
shrinkage of, 100
weight of, 97
Brain cells, activity of, influence on longevity, 35, 36
Brampton, Lord, nonagenarian, 51
Bromides, intolerance to, 128
Bronchiectasis, simulating tuberculosis, 149
Bronchitis, disposition to, 147
simulating tuberculosis, 149
Bronchopneumonia, 148
and pneumonia, confusion between, 148
tendency to, 103
Brown atrophy, 103, 105
Brown-Séquard, 70
Browne, T., 14, 47, 95
Brownlee, J., 33
Buffon, 17
Butler, Samuel, 35
Calcification, of arteries, 106–107
of cartilage, 100
Calendar, length of, in the patriarchal era, 15
California, centenarians in, 41
Cambridge University, influence of John Haviland on the study of medicine, 6
Cameron, C., 95
Campbell, H., 65
Cancer. See Carcinoma
Carcinoma, 141
age and sex incidence of, 86, 140
and senescence, 86–89
rarity of, in extreme old age, 87
Cardio-vascular system, 36–38, 103–108, 124, 133, 149
Carlisle, Anthony, 8
Carrel, A., 65, 66, 127
Cartilages, calcification of, 100
Castration, phenomena of old age and, 79
secondary sex-characters following, 79
Cazalis, 107
Cell-memory, 35
longevity in relation to, 35
Cells, 62
activity of, relation to connective tissues, 68, 88, 89, 92
ageing of, 67, 88
carcinoma in relation to, 86–89
causes and significance of, 67
senility in relation to, 86, 88
changes in, infections causing, 43, 44
changes in old age, 64
colloidal changes in, 64, 68
cultivation of, 66
degeneration of, 62, 92, 135
intestinal bacteria causing, 82, 83
infections and intoxications producing changes in, 44
life cycle of, 63, 65, 88, 89
factors influencing, 65
on what dependent, 68
thyroid deficiency influencing, 72
limited vitality of, 62
sequels of, 64
products inimical to life of, 65
senile changes due to injury to, 30, 31, 67
time-rate of, 36
vital phenomena of, 63, 88, 89
Census returns, 41, 43
Centenarianism, 19
heredity in relation to, 19
Centenarians, 20, 33, 34
age exaggeration by, 20, 21
among Churchmen, 50
among doctors, 52
among professional men, 50
census returns of, 20, 21
family incidence of, 32, 33
in California, statistics, 41
in England and Wales, statistics, 40, 41
in Ireland, statistics, 40
medical, 52
personal habits of, 56, 57
rarity of cancer among, 87
sex statistics of, 21, 22
smoking among, 58
statistics of, 21, 24
deaths among, 21, 22, 41
Cerebral arteries, changes in, 97
Cerebral degeneration, 97
Cerebral haemorrhage, 145
age incidence of, 145
Cerebral thrombosis, 145
Chaderton, Laurence, centenarian, 51
Charcot, J. M., 8, 104, 116, 139, 148
Cheatle, G. L., 93
Chest capacity, diminished, 103
Cheyne, G., 55
Child, C. M., 10, 14, 56
“Childhood, second,” 122, 145
Chromophages, 94
Chromosomes, 88
Churchmen, centenarians among, 50
Cicero, 135
Circulatory system, 38
Clark, Andrew, 29, 60, 137
Clarke, E., 85, 98
Clarke, J. M., 145
Climacteric, ancient conceptions of, 27
senile, 30
Climacteric disease, 28
Climate, influence on longevity, 26, 39
Coke, Sir Edward, octogenarian, 51
Colloidal dehydration, leading to old age, 64, 65
Colon, destruction of putrefactive bacteria in, 83
Constipation, 101, 152
age incidence of, 152
gerontal, 102
tendency to, 115
Cornaro, on the duration of life, 18
writer on old age, 8
Costal cartilage, calcification of, 100
Councilman, W. T., 37, 92, 104, 107, 111, 125
Cranial bones, changes in, 100
Crosby, T., 51
Cushny, A. R., 81
Cutaneous sensation, 117
Cystitis, 154
Darwin, C., 53
Deafness, causes of, 118
senile, 118
Death, causes of, 13, 38
mental attitude to, 123
natural, 13, 14, 16, 91
from old age, 14, 91
in animal kingdom, 13, 14
probable cause of, 36
Weissmann’s conception of, 9, 16
phenomenon of, 9, 10
sudden, causes of, 117
latent pneumonia causing, 148
Death-rate, in various countries, 42
sex incidence, 22
Deaths, among centenarians, 41
Decrepitude, 30
Delirium, 146
Delusions, 146
Demange, 91, 105
Dementia, senile, causes of, 146
onset of, 145
varied features of, 146
“de Morgan’s Spots,” 108
Dental decay, 101
an accompaniment of old age, 44, 45
Dentition, third, explanation of, 101
Depression, senile, 146
de Salis, Cardinal, centenarian, 50
Descartes, 7
Desmond, Countess of, centenarian, 20
Devolution, course of, 122
Diabetic gangrene, 142
Diet, restricted, influence of, 56
Digestion, impairment of, 101
Digestive system, 38
Disabilities of old age, 90–114, 137
Disease, associated with old age, 30, 44, 139
chronic, freedom from, in old age, 44
definition of, 136
influence of, on longevity, 43
latency of, 117
old age as a, 49, 136
Doctors, duration of life of, 52, 53
centenarian, 52
Donaldson, R., 110
Drew, A., 68
Drinkwater, H., 52
Drugs, reaction to, 127–128
reaction to, during senescence, 127
Dryness of elderly bodies, 64
Ductus cochleariae, fibrosis of, 118
Dupuytren’s contraction, 155
Dysbasia, functional, 146
Dyspepsia, frequency of, 152
Early rising, 59, 60
Ears, disorders of, 143
Easton, J., 20, 47
Ebstein, 18
Eccentricities of old age, 120, 121
Ecclesiastes, interpretation of, 129
Eczema, 118, 141
Emphysema, 147, 149
Endarteritis obliterans, 103
Endocrine glands, in relation to old age, 12, 68–81
Endomixis, 9
Environment, influence on longevity, 33, 34, 39–46, 55
Erysipelas, 141
disposition to, 140
senile, course of, 142
Erythema, 141
Eunuchs, duration of life of, 79
Expectation of life, 13, 41
in various countries, 42
Extra-systoles, 124
Eyes, senile disorders of, 117
Facial appearance, 93
changes in, 93
causes of, 118
Fads, 121
Faintness, 151
Fat, reduction of, 92
subcutaneous, disappearance of, 94
Fatigue, excessive, danger of, 54
physical and mental, 119, 120
psychical, 122
Fatty degeneration of arteries, 106
of heart, 104
of muscles, 103
Femur, fracture of, 99, 127
Fertility, age limit of, in women, 26
average, estimation of, 24
old age in relation to, 23, 24, 26
social conditions influencing, 24
Fibrosis, 91, 92
Fibrositis, 155
Fibrous tissues, atrophy of, 91
Finot, J., 49
First-born, handicapping of, 38
longevity in relation to, 38
Flourens, on the duration of life, 18
Food, excess of, 56
Fractures, delay in healing of, 126, 127
tendency to, 99
France, longevity in, 40
Functional activity, danger of excess of, 54
influencing longevity, 46, 55
progressive diminution in, 115, 119, 135
Gait, disordered, 122, 147
Galileo, 53
Gallstones, 153
Gangrene, diabetic, 142
senile, 142
pipe-stem arteries with, 106
Garrod, A. E., 155
Gastric juice, composition, changes in, 115
lack of, 101
Gastro-intestinal tract, changes in, 101
Generation. See Reproductive power
Generative organs, internal secretion of, 70, 73–80
Genitals, external, atrophy of, 114
Giantism, 19, 20
Giddiness, 143
causes of, 151
Gilford, H., 30, 72, 88
Gisborne, Thomas, Linacre lecturer, 5
Gland activity, functional, diminution of, 115
senility in relation to, 69
Gland atrophy, 109, 110
Gland cells, life cycle of, 67
Gland secretions, influencing activity of body cells, 68, 69
Gland, endocrine, metabolism stimulated by, 81
rejuvenescence in, in relation to, 12, 73–80
Gland, endocrine, theory of old age, 70, 71, 72
Gland, endocrine, therapy during old age, 71
of prostatic enlargement, 113
rejuvenescence in relation to, 12, 73–80
See also Endocrine, Pituitary, etc.
Glycosuria, 126
toxic, cause of, 142
Goethe, 53
Goodpasture, E. W., 88
Gout, 154
acquired, age incidence of, 154
Gowers, W. R., 139, 144
Graves, R. J., 95
Gray, A. A., 118
Greenwood, Major, 24
Gregory IX., centenarian, 50
Growth, 60
experimental modification of, 11
influence of endocrine gland therapy on, 12, 72, 80
retardation by vitamine deficiency, 13
Habits, influencing longevity, 55
Haemoglobin, 108
Haemorrhage, 144
cerebral, 145
Hair, changes in colour of, 94
excessive growth of, 96
of the body, loss of, 96
Hale-White, W., 109, 155
Hall, Bishop, 131
Hall, Stanley, 8, 27
Haller, 91
Halsbury, Lord, nonagenarian, 51
Hands, appearance of, 93
atrophic changes in, 94
senile tremor of, 143
Harrower, 80
Haviland, John, influence on the Cambridge medical school, 6
Regius Professor of Physic, 6
Linacre lecturer, 5
Head, senile tremor of, 143
Health, definition of, 136
Hearing, impairment of, 118
Heart, atrophy of, 104
condition of, 92, 103, 104
diseases of, 149
failure, 149
age incidence of, 140
hypertrophy of, 55, 104
and blood pressure, 104
longevity in relation to, 37
senile changes in, 104, 139, 149
Heberden, W. (the elder), 4, 54
Heberden’s nodes, 155
Height, cause of loss of, 100
Hereditary tendencies, correction of, 34
Heredity, firstlings in relation to, 38
influence on longevity, 19, 32–39
Hernia, tendency to, 153
Herpes zoster, 142
Hertoghe, 113
Hetero-suggestion, 48
High altitudes, influence on longevity, 39
Hippocrates, age of, 52
Holland, Henry, 28
Holmes, O. W., 49
Hopkins, G., 13
Hot climates, influence of, on senescence, 26, 36, 39
Huchard, 59, 105
Hufeland, C. W., 17, 23, 70
Humphry, G. M., 8, 22, 32, 34, 39, 43, 58, 60, 87, 98–100, 112, 124
Hunter, W., 124
Huxley, J. S., 11
Hygiene of old age, 55–61
Hyperpiesia, 37, 124
Hypertrichosis, following the menopause, 96
Hypnotics, 128
Hypochondriasis, 121
Hypoplasia, 63, 64
Hypothyroidism, in relation to old age, 72
Idleness, inimical to old age, 46, 47
Individuation, phenomenon of, 10
Infant mortality, sex incidence and causes, 22
Infantilism, premature senility with, 31
Infections, 140
cell changes due to, 43, 44
disposition to cardiac failure during, 149
focal, tendency to, 155
gout in relation to, 154
Insomnia, 119
Interstitial cells, 73–81
Intestinal stasis, as cause of premature old age, 82, 85
Intoxications, cause of senescence, 82
influence on body cells, 44, 55
Invalidism, auto- and hetero-suggestion producing, 48
Ireland, centenarians in, 40
Iris, sluggish, 117
Iverex, Dr., centenarian, 32
Jackson, Christopher, 3
Jackson, Hughlings, 122
James, R. R., 52
Jastrow, M., 130
Jaw, changes in shape of, 99
tremor of, 144
Jenkins, Henry, centenarian, 20
Jews, longevity of, 40
Johnson, S., 46
Joints, fractures of, disposition to, 99
Keratosis, senile, 143
Kidneys, 126
degenerative changes in, 111
granular, age incidence of, 140
King, G., 20
Klotz, O., 107
Knee-jerk, 119
Koheleth, 139
Kuntz, A., 74
Labyrinthine deafness, 118
Labyrinthine vertigo, 143
Lacassagne, A., 30, 55
Lane, W. Arbuthnot, 84
Lankester, E. Ray, 14, 19, 23
Laryngeal cartilage, calcification of, 100
Laurent, O., 41, 87
Laurentius, Andreas, 29, 46, 116, 131
Lazarus, 59
Lazarus-Barlow, W. S., 86
Leclercq, A., 140
Léri, 83, 146
Leroux, 103, 148
Lessius, Leonardus, 55
Leucocyte count, 108, 109
Leucodermia, 93
Leukaemia, 141
Leydig, interstitial cells of, 73–81
Lichtenstern, 77
Life, animal and human, duration of, 17, 18
chronometry of, 138
climacterics of, 27, 30
duration of, 9
among professional men, 50–53
chemical theory of, 66
early theories of, 17
estimation of, 18
in vitro, 66
various writers on, 17, 18
variation in different countries, 39
modern theories of, 18
expectation of, at birth, 13, 41
prolongation of, experimental, 12, 13, 77
following cessation of reproductive function, 23
See also Longevity
Life cycle, experimental modification of, 11
Ligament, spinous, ossification of, 99
Ligamentum spirale, atrophy of, 118
Linacre, Thomas, 2
family history of, 2, 3
Linacre Lectures, 3–6
Linacre Lectureship, 1
Lips, tremor of, 144
Lipschülz, 74
Liveing, G. D., 7
Liver, atrophy of lobules and cells of, 102
changes in size and weight of, 102
cirrhosis of, 140
Llewellyn, L. J., 154
Longevity, alcohol influencing, 57
among professional men, 50, 53
auto- and hetero-suggestion influencing, 48, 49
“cell-memory” in relation to, 35
climatic conditions influencing, 39, 41
conditions favouring, 7, 33
diseases inimical to, 45
endocrine atrophy in relation to, 68–81
environment influencing, 33, 34, 39–46, 55
factors influencing, 32
fertility in relation to, 23, 24
functional activity influencing, 46, 55
hereditary aspects of, 19, 32–39
idleness inimical to, 47, 48
in the medical profession, 52
influence of past diseases on, 43
influence of blood pressure on, 37
influence of brain cells on, 36
integrity of cardio-vascular system necessary to, 36
of nations, compared, 39, 40
of the patriarchs, 15, 16
personal habits influencing, 55
potential, on what determined, 67
sex incidence of, 21, 22
smoking in relation to, 58
syphilis preventing, 45
vitality of central nervous system essential to, 36
See also Old Age; Senescence
Lorand, A., 70
Lowe, Peter, 131
Luciani, 18, 102
Lungs, changes in, 103
diseases of, 147, 148
Lydston, G. F., 71
Lymphadenoma, 141
Lymphoid tissues, atrophy of, 63, 108
Maclachlan, D., 144
Maignon, Abbé, centenarian, 50
Malignant disease, 87, 141
cell senility in relation to, 88
Mammae, involution changes in, 114
Mania, senile, 145, 146
Mansell-Moullin, C. W., 78
Mansfield, Lord, octogenarian, 51
Marasmus, senile, 139
Marie, P., 146
Marinesco, 64, 78, 83, 97
Marx, K., 47
Mead, Richard, 131
Medical men, centenarians among, 52
duration of life of, 52, 53
Melancholia, senile, 146
Memory, impairment and loss of, 120, 122
Menopause, onset of old age at the, 26
ovarian changes at, 63, 79
Mental activity, influence on old age, 47, 48, 50, 54
unimpaired, in advanced age, examples of, 50, 51, 53
Mental deterioration, 49, 119, 122, 145, 146
causes of, 47, 48, 49
onset of, 53
Mental fatigue, tendency to, 120
Mental state, 119, 122, 123
and the physical, want of harmony between, 123
influence of, 48–50
Metabolism, disordered, 115, 116, 117, 154
gland therapy stimulating, 72, 81
Metchnikoff, E., 8, 13, 18, 82–86, 91, 97, 123
Methuselah, 14
Michael Angelo, mental activity at advanced age, 53
Micturition, disorders of, 153
Middle ear lesions, 143
Migraine, 140
Miles, W. E., 153
Mind, 121
and body, in old age, 47, 50
disintegration of, 120
disorders of, 122, 145, 146
See also Mental
Molière, 53
Mönckeberg’s sclerosis, 106
causes of, 142
Montaigne, 14, 56
Moon, R. O., 136
Moore, Norman, 5
Morbus coxae senilis, 155
Morphine, 127, 128
Mott, F. W., on functions of cells of testes and ovaries, 75
Muscles, voluntary, changes in, 103
Muscular activity, danger of excess of, 54
impaired, 99, 119, 135
Muscular atrophy, 99, 119, 135
among workmen, 54
Myocardium, degeneration of, 104, 149
Myxoedema, as secondary senilism, 72
Nails, condition and appearance of, 96
Nanism, senile type of, 31
Nascher, I. L., 30, 98, 127
Nathan, 68, 74
National habits, influence on longevity, 40
Natural death. See Death
Neck, senile tremor of, 143
Nemenow, 112
Nephropathy, chronic atrophic, 111
Nerves, cutaneous exposure of, 141
Nervous apprehension, tendency to, 122
Nervous disease, 145
Nervous system, 38
vitality of, hereditary factor in longevity, 36
Neurasthenia, 122
New growths, rarity of, 87, 89
Newton, Isaac, 53
Nicotine, effects of, 59
Nunneley, F. P., 151
Obesity, 60
Occupational neuroses, 54
Octogenarians, among active professional men, 51
census statistics of, 21
Oertel, H., 88
Old age, acceleration of, factors favouring, 26
anatomical and physiological changes in, 63
as a disease, 47, 136
attainment of, on what dependent, 6, 7, 10
biochemistry of, 64–68
biological aspect of, 10, 11, 23
bodily conformation in, 60
causes of, 62–89
cell changes leading to, 64, 65
“cell-memory” in relation to, 35
comparative freedom from chronic disease in, 44
death during, common causes of, 38
disabilities of, 137
disease in relation to, 44
diseases associated with, 93–114, 139–156
fertility rate in relation to, 23, 24, 26
glandular, endocrine, theory of, 70, 71, 81
healthy and morbid, distinction between, 135
hereditary aspects of, 32–39
hygiene of, 55–61
infantilism and, 31
mental activity during, 50, 54
examples of, 50, 51, 53
natural death from, 14
on what dependent, 10
onset of, 26
signs of, 29
pathological, 30, 82, 90
of septuagenarians, 53
physiological, 26, 90, 135
physiological and pathological confusion between, 90
factors in, 26
physiology of, 115
premature, 30
hot climates favouring, 26, 36
intestinal stasis as a cause of, 85
mental causes of, 48, 49
production of, Metchnikoff’s theory, 83
rarity of natural death from, 14, 91
sex incidence of, 21, 22
stages of, 29
vitality of body cells in, 62–68
writers on, 8, 15, 16
See also Senescence; Longevity
Onychogryphosis, 96
Ophülz, W., 105
Oral sepsis, 44, 155
Orthobiosis, 55, 84
Osler, W., 2, 36, 151
Osteitis deformans, 156
Osteomalacia, senile, 139
Osteoporosis, senile, 99
Ovarian extract, rejuvenescence in relation to, 80
Ovaries, activity and function of cells of, 73, 74
degenerative changes in, 114
fibrotic atrophy of, 63
following menopause, 79
in relation to senescence, 75
internal secretion of, evidence of existence of, 79
senile, 114
Over-eating, 56, 118
Overwork, danger of, 54
Owen, I., 57
Paget, James, 36, 138
Paget’s disease of bone, 156
Pain, blunting of sensibility to, 117
Pallor, 93
Pancreas, fibrotic atrophy of, 102
Paralysis agitans, 144
age and sex incidence of, 144
causes of, 144
senile tremor compared with, 143
Paraplegia, senile, 138, 146
causes of, 146, 147
varieties of, 147
Parathyroids, 110
Parietal bones, changes in, 100
Parkinsonian syndrome, 144
Parr, Thomas, centenarian, 20
Pathological old age, 53, 82, 90
Patriarchal ages, length of the calendar during, 16
Patriarchs, explanation of reputed old age of, 15, 16
Pearson, K., 38, 86
Pecten band, 152, 153
Penis, changes in, 114
Pennington, Isaac, 6
Peristalsis, failure of, 152
Philalethes, Eugenius, on old age, 15
Phlebitis, 151
Phlebosclerosis, 107
Physical and mental states, want of harmony between, 123
Physiological life of man, 19
Physiological old age, 90
and morbid senility, distinction between, 135–138
Physiology of old age, 115–128
Pigmentation, cellular, 103
cutaneous, 93
Piles, 153
Pitman, Henry, medical centenarian, 52
Pituitary extract, influence on weight and growth, 12
rejuvenescence in relation to, 12, 80
Pityriasis versicolor, 141
Planarian flat worms, experimental modification of life cycle and growth of, 11
Plasma, vital phenomena of, 65–67, 88
Plethora, senile, 124
Pneumonia, 147, 148
disposition to, 140
sudden death from, 117
Premature senility, 30
causes of, 48
hot climates predisposing to, 26, 36
syphilis producing, 45
Presbyopia, 117
Pringle, J. J., 94
Prior, Matthew, 3
Professional men, age of retirement of, 54
longevity of, 50–54
Progeria, 30
Prostate gland, 27
climacterium virile due to changes in, 27
hypertrophy of, 101, 112
age incidence of, 140
cause of, 112
cell changes in, 112, 113
glandular therapy of, 113
vesical disorders due to, 153
senile changes in, 111
Protoplasm, products inimical to vitality of, 65
vital phenomena of, 64, 65, 88
Protozoa, rejuvenation and senescence in, 9–11
Prurigo, senile, 141
Pruritus, senile, 141, 142
Pseudo-paraplegia, 146
Psychical activity, diminished, 119
Psychical fatigue, 122
Puberty, functional activity of cells of testes and ovaries at, 75
period of, 17
“Puberty gland,” 73
Puerilism, 122, 145
Pulmonary changes, 103, 147
Pulmonary tuberculosis, 148
Pulse-pressure, 125
Pulse-rate, 124
Pupils, contraction of, 117
Purgatives, 128
Pyelonephritis, 154
Quinquagenarians, diseases of, 140, 145, 156
Rectum, faecal accumulation in, 152
Reflexes, 119
Regression, 122
Rejuvenescence, 10
associated with reproduction, 9, 10, 64
attainment of old age dependent upon, 9, 10
experimental production of, 76, 77
following vasectomy, 78
gland extracts in production of, 12, 73, 80, 81
in animal life, 9, 10
power of reproduction favouring, 23, 24, 69
restricted diet in relation to, 56
testicular grafts producing, 77
Renal inadequacy, 126
Reproductive power, favouring rejuvenescence, 23, 24, 69
waning of, onset of old age following, 26
prolongation of life after waning of, 23
Retas, Joseph, centenarian, 33
Rheumatism, in old age, 44
Rhizomelic spondylitis, 155
Rhondda, Lord, 49
Richardson, B. W., on the duration of life, 18
Rivers, W. H. R., 122
Roberts, W., 154
Robertson and Ray, 12, 60
Rodent ulcer, 143
Roussy, G., 103, 148
Routh, Martin, centenarian, 50
Roy, D., 32, 95
Russian peasants, longevity of, 40
Salimbeni and Gery, 63, 84, 93, 102
Sand, K., 75
Saundby, R., 8, 44, 85
Savage, G., 34
Sclerosis, arterial, 105–107
Mönckeberg’s, 106, 142
spinal, 97
Scrotum, 114
“Second childhood,” 122, 145
Sedatives, 128
Self-preservation, instinct of, 122
Self-reliance, loss of, 48, 49
Seminal tubules, activity and function of, 74
atrophy of, 74, 112, 113
prostatic enlargement following, 112
regeneration of, 74
Senescence, 136
castration not a disposing factor to, 79
causes of, 62–89
Metchnikoff’s theory, 82, 83
pathological, 82
toxaemic, 82
cell changes during, 62–68
in ovaries and testes, 75, 76
colloidal dehydration leading to, 64, 65
diseases associated with, 139
endocrine glands in relation to, 68–81
healthy and morbid, distinction between, 135
nosological compensations of, 140
progress of, 135
rarity of carcinoma in, 87
rejuvenescence necessary to, 10
thyroid deficiency in relation to, 72
See also Longevity; Old age
Senile climacteric, 30
Senile type of nanism, 31
Senility, 136
Senium ex morbo, 136
Sense organs, impairment and failure of, 117–121
Sensibility to pain, blunting of, 117
Septuagenarians, nervous disease among, 145
pathological old age of, 53
Sex characters, secondary, cause of, 75
following castration, 79
Sex glands, changes in, climacterium virile due to, 27
internal secretion of, 70
Sex incidence of old age, 21, 22
Sexagenarians, diseases common to, 140
nervous disease among, 145
Sexual activity, as manifestation of bodily vigour, 69, 70
duration of, 69
leading to rejuvenescence, 69
waning of, 126
Sexual appetite, on what dependent, 75
perverted, 114
Sexual atrophy, as cause of old age and senility, 69–71
Shaking palsy, 144
Sharpey-Schafer, E. A., 63
Sight, impairment of, 117
Sinclair, John, 8, 20, 35
Singer, C., 86
Skeleton, changes in, 98
Skin, 93, 115
diseases of, 141
disposition to, 141
dry, 115
venules and angiomas on, 108
Skull, 100
Sleep, diminished, 119
over-indulgence in, 60
Smell, impairment of sense of, 117
Smith, John, 8, 131
Smith, Lapthorn, 53
Smoking, influence on longevity, 58–59
Sophocles, mental activity at advanced age, 53
Sour milk, destruction of intestinal bacteria by, 83
Spasm of arteriosclerotic vessels, 151
Spastic paraplegia, 147
Spinal cord, degenerative changes in, 97, 147
Spleen, atrophy of, 63, 109
Spondylitis, rhizomelic, 155
Spondylitis deformans, 99, 155
Stapes, fixation of, 118
Starvation, influencing the onset of senescence, 56, 57
Starvation treatment, 56, 57
Steinach, E., 11, 77, 78
Sterne, John, on the attainment of old age, 16
Stevenson, T. H. C., 41
Strachey, L., 47
Structural changes of the body, 90
Symmers, D., 102
Syphilis, influence on longevity, 45
Taste, impairment of, 117
Teeth, decay of, 44, 101
loss of, 44, 45, 99, 101
causes of, 101
Temperance, a characteristic of centenarians, 57
Temperature, and longevity, 26
of body, 116
Testes, atrophy of, 113
cells of, activity and function of, 73, 74
in relation to senescence, 75
changes in, following vasectomy, 77, 78
internal secretion of, 69–72, 74
prostatic atrophy in relation to, 112
Testicular extract, rejuvenescence in relation to, 80
Testicular grafts, rejuvenation by, 71, 72, 77
results of experiments, 76, 79
Thompson, R. J. C., 37, 44, 49, 96, 125
Thompson, W. J., 40
Thrombosis, 144
age incidence of, 145
cerebral, 145
venous, 151
Thymus, atrophy of, 109
Thyroid deficiency, 138
baldness resulting from, 96
effect on activity of body cells, 72
prostatic enlargement in relation to, 113
Thyroid extract, rejuvenescence in relation to, 80
for prostatic enlargement, 113
Thyroid gland, degenerative changes in, 109, 110
Tinnitus, 118
Tissues, connective, relation of cellular activity to, 68, 88, 89, 92
Titian, 53
Tobacco, and arteriosclerosis, 59
influence on longevity, 58
symptoms due to, 59
Todd, R. E., 37, 44, 49, 125
Toxaemia, as a cause of senescence, 82, 86
degenerative changes due to, 44, 55, 56, 86
intestinal, as cause of senescence, 82, 85
over-eating causing, 56
Transfusion, 66
Tremor, senile, 143
Tropical life, influence on longevity, 26, 36, 39
Trousseau, 151
Tuberculosis, senile, 148
Tumours, 86, 141
Turnbull, H. M., 106, 114
Ulcer, rodent, 143
Urea-nitrogen in the blood, 115
Urinary bladder, hypertrophy of, 153
Urine, condition of, 126
Uterine changes, 114
Valvulitis, chronic, 149, 150
Vanity, senile, 120, 121
Variation, correlated, 23
Varicosity, 151
Vascular lesions, 144
Vasectomy, changes due to, 74
changes in testes following, 77, 78
effect on sexual activity, 76
rejuvenescence following, 71, 78
Veins, changes in, 108
Venous thrombosis, 151
Vertebrae, changes in shape of, 99
Vertigo, causes of, 143
Visceral degeneration, 102, 103
Visceroptosis, 102
Vitality, danger of excess of, 54
loss of, 115, 119, 135
waning of, 139
Vitamins, influence on growth, 13
Voltaire, mental activity at advanced age, 53
Voronoff, testicular grafting by, 78
Walker, Kenneth, on changes in the testes, 112
on prostatic enlargement, 112, 113
Walking, functional disturbances in, 147
Waterhouse, B., on the onset of old age, 27
Watson, Thomas, Linacre Lecturer, 5
Weber, Hermann, 8, 34, 43, 57, 119
Weber, Parkes, 35, 104
Weissmann, 9, 16
“Will to live,” 35, 47
Will power, failure of, 122
Williams, Leonard, 61, 113, 128
Wilson, S. A. K., 144
Wounds, healing of, 126
Wrinkles, cause of, 93
Yeo, B., 50
Zorten, Petrasch, centenarian, 20
THE END
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DISEASES OF THE LIVER, GALL-BLADDER AND BILE-DUCTS
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