ITS ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
Reading edition
BY
HENRY KALLOCH ROWE, Ph.D.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY IN NEWTON THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON
Copyright, 1916, by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
PREFACE
In studying biology it is convenient to make cross-sections of laboratory specimens in order to determine structure, and to watch plants and animals grow in order to determine function. There seems to be no good reason why social life should not be studied in the same way. To take a child in the home and watch it grow in the midst of the life of the family, the community, and the larger world, and to cut across group life so as to see its characteristics, its interests, and its organization, is to study sociology in the most natural way and to obtain the necessary data for generalization. To attempt to study sociological principles without this preliminary investigation is to confuse the student and leave him in a sea of vague abstractions.
It is not because of a lack of appreciation of the abstract that the emphasis of this book is on the concrete. It is written as an introduction to the study of the principles of sociology, and it may well be used as a prelude to the various social sciences. It is natural that trained sociologists should prefer to discuss the profound problems of their science, and should plunge their pupils into material for study where they are soon beyond their depth; much of current life seems so obvious and so simple that it is easy to forget that the college man or woman has never looked upon it with a discriminating eye or with any attempt to understand its meaning. If this is true of the college student, it is unquestionably true of the men and women of the world. The writer believes that there is need of a simple, untechnical treatment of human society, and offers this book as a contribution to the practical side of social science. He writes with the undergraduate continually in mind, trying to see through his eyes and to think with his mind, and the references are to books that will best meet his needs and that are most readily accessible. It is expected that the pupil will read widely, and that the instructor will show how principles and laws are formulated from the multitude of observations of social phenomena. The last section of the book sums up briefly some of the scientific conclusions that are drawn from the concrete data, and prepares the way for a more detailed and technical study.
If sociology is to have its rightful place in the world it must become a science for the people. It must not be permitted to remain the possession of an aristocracy of intellect. The heart of thousands of social workers who are trying to reform society and cure its ills is throbbing with sympathy and hope, but there is much waste of energy and misdirection of zeal because of a lack of understanding of the social life that they try to cure. They and the people to whom they minister need an interpretation of life in social terms that they can understand. Professional persons of all kinds need it. A world that is on the verge of despair because of the breakdown of harmonious human relations needs it to reassure itself of the value and the possibility of normal human relations. Doubtless the presentation of the subject is imperfect, but if it meets the need of those who find difficulty in using more technical discussions and opens up a new field of interest to many who hitherto have not known the difference between sociology and socialism, the effort at interpretation will have been worth while.
Henry K. Rowe
Newton Centre, Massachusetts.
CONTENTS
PART ONE—INTRODUCTORY
CHAP. PAGE
I. Characteristics of Social Life 1
II. Unorganized Group Life 16
PART TWO—LIFE IN THE FAMILY GROUP
III. Foundations of the Family 24
IV. The History of the Family 29
V. The Making of the Home 37
VI. Children in the Home 42
VII. Work, Play, and Education 51
VIII. Home Economics 60
IX. Changes in the Family 67
X. Divorce 74
XI. The Social Evil 81
XII. Characteristics and Principles 88
PART THREE—SOCIAL LIFE IN THE RURAL COMMUNITY
XIII. The Community and Its History 91
XIV. The Land and the People 99
XV. Occupations 104
XVI. Recreation 108
XVII. Rural Institutions 115
XVIII. Rural Education 120
XIX. The New Rural School 127
XX. Rural Government 136
XXI. Health and Beauty 144
XXII. Morals in the Rural Community 151
XXIII. The Rural Church 156
XXIV. A New Type of Rural Institution 162
PART FOUR—SOCIAL LIFE IN THE CITY
XXV. From Country To City 169
XXVI. The Manufacturing Enterprise 180
XXVII. The Industrial Problem 186
XXVIII. Exchange and Transportation 201
XXIX. The People Who Work 212
XXX. The Immigrant 221
XXXI. How the Working People Live 230
XXXII. The Diversions of the Working People 238
XXXIII. Crime and Its Cure 248
XXXIV. Agencies of Control 256
XXXV. Difficulties of the People Who Work 263
XXXVI. Charity and the Settlements 271
XXXVII. Educational Agencies 280
XXXVIII. The Church 287
XXXIX. The City in the Making 294
PART FIVE—SOCIAL LIFE IN THE NATION
XL. The Building of a Nation 300
XLI. Economic and Social Functions of the People as a Nation 305
XLII. The State 313
XLIII. Problems of the Nation 324
XLIV. Internationalism 333
PART SIX—SOCIAL ANALYSIS
XLV. Physical and Personal Factors in the Life of Society 340
XLVI. Social Psychic Factors 348
XLVII. Social Theories 357
XLVIII. The Science of Sociology 364
Index 373