Part 7 — INDEX

Actors, fame of, 119

Adaptation, mutual, 9, 202; intelligent, 351 ff. See also Tentative Process and Selection

Addams, Jane, 182, 193

Address, a factor in success, 96

Advertising, 291

Agreement not essential to public opinion, 378 ff.

Alma mater, all should have one, 73 ff.

Anderson, B. M., Jr., 291, 298

Architecture, 15, 49

Art, 15, 16, 23, 49, 288, 291; valuation of, 320, 333, 337; suppression of originality in, 373; and social idealism, 344, 410–422

Art spirit, in motivation, 142, 321; rise of, 345

Art-work, as culture, 68, 71

Artists, fame of, 119

Athletics, 130, 146

Austria-Hungary, 279

Babies, natural selection among, 229

Bacon, Francis, 114

Bacon, Roger, 116

Bagehot, W., 370

Beethoven, 412

Belgium, 262, 271

Beliefs, in relation to degeneration, 186 f.

Bible, 10, 360

Biological process, 197–208

Biologists, particularism of, 205 ff., 226 f.

Biology, as study of process, 396

Birth-control, 212 f., 237

Bismarck, 264

Blackmar and Gillin, 44

Bohemians, 271

Boy Scouts, 149

Boyle, 115

Bristol, Lucius M., 37, 44

Browne, Sir T., 108, 123, 174

Bryce, James, 402

Bücher, Karl, 273

Burke, 70, 383

Burroughs, J., 123

Cancellation of impracticable ideas, 374

Caste, 57. See also Classes

Cathedrals, building of, 416

Causation, in social process, 43 ff.; in degeneration, 161 ff.

Centralization, under the influence of war, 245 f.

Change, social, as a source of degeneracy, 180 ff.

Character, is what “works,” 14; judged by little things, 100

Charity, in relation to survival of types, 226 ff.

Children, in relation to opportunity, 57 ff.; discipline of, 148 ff.

China, 190

Chinese, 279

Christianity, 31, 35, 110, 177, 189 f., 222

Church, mediæval, 24, 25, 109, 113, 132, 139, 187, 286, 288, 291, 301, 339, 367, 390, 421. See also Religion

Cities, badly governed, 205

City, as an impersonal organism, 24

Civil War, American, 40, 42, 197, 258, 266

Civilization, modern, why it does not enervate, 126 f.; and race exhaustion, 220 f.

Clan system, disintegration of, 188

Class-conflict, 268 ff.

Class-consciousness, 274

Classes, social, in relation to opportunity, 78–87; in relation to propagation, 218–238, 249; as a factor in valuation, 302 ff., 316, 334 ff., 347 f., 369 f.; study of, 402, 418

Climate, as a social institution, 46

Collier, John, 419

Commercialism, 23, 192 f., 298, 304, 316, 325, 339, 391, 418

Communication, 198, 248, 255, 269, 361 f.

Community culture, 74

Community spirit, in education, 62; in relation to culture, 72 ff., 130, 137 ff., 419 ff. See also Team-work

Competition, 40 f., 55 ff., 83 ff., 125 ff., 294, 384, 385 f.

Competitive spirit, 125–136

Composure, a factor in success, 94

Conflict, 15; place of in social process, 35–42, 56; of standards, 106, 126, 127, 175, 179, 181; between social and biological processes, 202 f.; selection by, 228; group, in relation to modern integration, 241–254; of classes, 268 ff.; in the drama, 360 f.; of ideas, 371 ff.

Conformity, 109

Consciousness, in social process, 5, 6, 8, 10, 14, 15, 16, 20 ff.; national, 257. See also Intelligence

Conservatism, 383

426Constructive method of reform, 177 f.

Control, rational, 41 f., 65, 317 ff., 382–394; in relation to progress, 405 f.

Control, social, of propagation and the survival of types, 205, 209–317, 226–238; of poverty, 227; of group conflict, 247 f.; in international relations, 255–267

Co-operation, in relation to conflict, 35–42. See also Community spirit and Team-work

Courage, 91 ff., 95

Crime, 203 f., 207

Crisis, commercial, 25, 32

Criticism, 392 f.

Crusades, 253

Culture, 67–77, 369

Custom, in valuation, 294

Cycles, social, 30–34; business, 32 ff.

Czechs, 276

Dante, 123

Darwin, 20, 29, 95, 115, 206, 353, 373, 395 f., 400, 407

Darwinism, and war, 241, 373

Degenerate Process, Some Factors in, 180–194

Degeneration, social, 25 f.; of nations, 33 f., 126; of groups, 106; organic view of, 153–168; and will, 169–179; hereditary, in relation to poverty, 226 ff.; to fecundity, 230 f.

Delinquency, juvenile, 155, 159

Democracy, 17, 118; discipline in, 144–149; and race exhaustion, 220 f.; modern growth of, 248 f.; favorable to internationalism, 257 ff.; and classes, 269 ff., 348; must be differentiated, 364 ff.; in relation to art, 410–422 passim

Democratic spirit, 62, 73

Depravity of human nature, 176

Determinism, 44, 47 f., 401

Devine, E. T., 234

Discipline, 132 ff., 144–149, 183; of women, 346 f.

Discussion, 357, 361, 363, 367, 371, 378 ff.

Displacement, a cause of degeneracy, 180 ff.

Dissipation, and fecundity, 231

Distribution, theory of, 302

Doggedness, 92

Drama, the, an interpretation of social process, 359 ff.; community, 419

Dramatic, the, in relation to fame, 114, 121

Dramatic character, of intelligence, 358 ff.; of public opinion, 378; of social science, 395 ff.

Dugdale, Richard, 205, 224

Dürkheim, E., 400

Economic determinism, 44, 47 f.

Economic discipline, 147

Economic factors in biological survival, 218–238

Economic internationalism, 266

Economic man, 135, 356

Economic motives, 128 ff.

Economists, their narrow view of motivation, 135 f. See also Political Economy

Education, and opportunity, 61 ff.; individuality in, 61 ff.; in relation to culture, 68 ff.; should provide formative social groups, 73, 132, 146, 149, 206, 245, 421

Ellis, Havelock, 229

Ellwood, C. A., 44

Elmira Reformatory, 185

Emerson, 22, 50, 94, 100, 113, 117

Emulation in service, 128 ff., 137–143

England, 33, 45, 245, 246, 264; poverty in, 233

English, the, 274

Environment, economic, 46 f., 101, 107; in relation to heredity, 197–208; as source of poverty, etc., 227, 236; in modern life, 249 f.

Equality, of opportunity, 61 ff., 82 ff., 86; as a social ideal, 81, 82, 86 f.

Esprit de corps. See Team-work, Community Spirit

Eugenic ideals, 212 f.

Eugenics, 166, 206, 216, 219 ff., 232, 317, 347, 385

Europe, modern unity of, 264; caste in, 273

Evolution, doctrine of, its social growth, 13, 19. See also Tentative Process, Selection, Survival, Progress, Darwinism

Experiment, 8 ff., 30, 55 ff.

Faith, 93, 94, 107, 408

Fame, 112–124

Family, social continuity of, 7; in relation to opportunity, 80 f.; discipline in, 146, 148; normal, size of, 210 f.; sentiment of, needed, 213; degenerate, 224; fecundity of degenerate, 230 f., 244; place of in modern life, 251

Fashion, 12, 31 f., 299, 346

Fear, a poor motive, 132 f., 135

Feeble-minded, report on, 167

Finns, 276

Folkways, 244

Foods, valuation of, 293

Force, international, 267

Ford, Henry, 133

Formalism, in education, 62 f., 145, 168, 386 ff.

France, 33, 237, 258, 344, 415

Free speech, 365 ff.

Freedom, organic, 28 f.; negative idea of, 143; and discipline, 144 ff.; of the will, 170 f., 182; of women, 215 f.

Funerals, valuation of, 294

Galton, 203; his scheme of eugenics, 219 f., 386 f.

Gangs, 176, 178

Garibaldi, 114, 261

427Genius, 17, 104 f., 203, 220, 229, 339, 387

Germans, 144, 276, 277, 366

Germany, 148, 241, 245, 246, 258, 263, 264, 265, 274, 418

Gibbon, 114

Gillin, J. L., 44

God, 5, 14, 43, 93, 94, 107, 108, 134, 140, 253, 262, 365, 373, 418, 420

Goethe, 36, 69, 70, 117, 264, 389, 392, 402, 406

Golf-clubs, valuation of, 337

Grant, General, 197

Great epochs, 121

“Greatest good of the greatest number,” 417

Group play, 421

Groups, social, process of, 7, 9, 11; organization of, 19 f., 28; in education, 62, 73; cultural, influence of upon fame, 120 ff.; necessary to emulation, 138 ff.; primary, 180 f.; complication of, 247; as a factor in valuation, 336 ff.; need of specialized, 364, 369; technical, 390, 391

Growth, adaptive, 3 ff.; reciprocal, 9; downward, 154 ff.

Guizot, 126

Hamerton, P. G., 373

Handicaps to success, 96 f., 172

Hardy, Thomas, 411

Hawaiian Islands, 190

Hayes, E. C., 44

Hegel, 418

Hereditary degeneracy, 156

Heredity and environment, 154 f., 197 ff.

History, does it repeat itself?, 34

Hobhouse, L. T., 352

Honor, national, 262 ff.; as a value, 312, 313

Horace, 121

Human nature, motivation of, 125–143 passim; in degeneracy, 155 ff.; “depravity” of, 176 f.; in nations, 260 ff.

Human-nature values, 285 ff., 295, 300, 342

Humanism, modern, 249

Idealism, social, and art, 410 ff.

Ideals, the basis of discipline, 147 f.; primary, 258; national, 261 ff.; of the upper class, 304 ff.; in production, 343

Ideas, their social process, 3 ff., 12 ff., 16, 19; diversification and conflict of, 363–377 (See the synopsis on p. 363)

Illusion of centrality, 50

Imagination, social, 90, 94, 158

Imitation, 51

Immigrants, 204 ff., 232, 234, 412

Immigration, of alien races, 277 ff., 370 f.

Impersonal forms of life, 4 f., 6, 12 ff., 22 ff., 251

Income, of classes, 303

India, 190

Individual, as a factor in valuation, 289, 299 ff., 322 f. See also Persons

Individualism, 29, 189, 190, 246, 418

Individuality, in education, 61 ff.; in modern life, 249 f.; national, 265, 369; in relation to art, 413 f.

Industrial revolution, 45 f.

Infancy, prolongation of, 59

Inheritance, right of, 335 f.

Initiative, 91 ff., 95; in valuation, 300, 338 ff.

Insanity, 161 f.

Instinct, 198 f.

Institutional values, 285 ff., 295, 333 ff., 342

Institutions, essential to intelligence, 355

Intelligence, 8, 9, 58 ff.; as a factor in success, 90 f., 199; in social function, 351–362

Internationalism, 255 ff.

Invention, 17

Inventions, valuation of, 338 f.

Inventors, not remembered, 115, 119

Investment, and class-conflict, 271

Isolation, moral, 181, 242, 246; social value of, 368 ff.

Italy, 415

James, William, 286, 331

Japan, 190

Japanese, 274, 277 f.

Jesus, 35; his fame an institution, 116, 139, 360

Jews, 7, 33, 99, 121, 183

Johnson, A. S., 344

Johnson, Doctor Samuel, 115

Kafirs, 188

Keller, A. G., 47, 375

Kidd, Dudley, 188

King, W. I., 218, 303

Kingsley, Miss, 189

Labor, 37, 60, 65; motivation of, 131, 133 ff., 142 f.; and degeneration, 184; as a class, 268 ff.; valuation of, 325, 347 f. See also Classes

Language, as impersonal organism, 4, 6, 8, 14, 23, 284, 383; analogous to pecuniary valuation, 310, 332 f.; in assimilation, 371

Lanier, Sidney, 377

Law and culture, 70

Leadership, fame as, 112, 365

Leisure and art, 414

Librarians, motives of, 131

Liebknecht, 381

Lincoln, 93, 113, 116, 128

Literary class, influence of upon fame, 117 ff.

Literature, as culture, 68 f.; and class, 304; valuation of, 319 f.

Logan, James, 133

Lowell’s Ode, 419 f.

Luther, 10, 22

428Macaulay, 114

Machiavelli, 105

Maladjustment, 180 ff.

Malthus, 13, 237

Marcus Aurelius, 366

Market, as an institution, 296 ff., 309 ff.

Marriage, selection in, 214 ff., 223; statistics of, 400

Mastery, requisite for culture, 72

Maternal instinct, 213

Mendel, 116

Meredith, George, 383

Method, tentative, 3 ff., 30; in the study of degeneration, 165 f.; of sociology, 395–404

Metternich, 255

Middle Ages, values in, 289, 367

Might and Right, 109 ff., 242

Militarism, as impersonal organism, 5, 47, 111, 148, 242, 246, 258

Military training, compulsory, 145 f., 149

Millet (the painter), 411

Milton, 174

Minimum standards, 385 f.

Minorities, 380 f.

Misery, distinguished from poverty, 234; and survival, 237

Missionaries, 187 ff., 190

Mitchell, Wesley C., 32

Monastic system, 203

Montaigne, 102, 122

Monte Carlo, 32

Montesquieu, 344

Moral unity of nations, 242 f., 260, 262

Morality, and success, 99–111, 203 f., 242, 358, 406

Mores, 23; of maintenance, 47, 187, 217, 245, 289; harmful, 375, 385

Motion-pictures, 415

Motiv, of social forms, 12

Motivation, 125–143; by pecuniary values, 309 ff.; by self-expression, 321 ff.

Myth, 4, 6; in relation to fame, 116, 122

Nansen, 189

Napoleon I, 103, 116, 261, 264, 353

Napoleon III, 259

Nationality, principle of, 256 ff.

Nations, organization of by conflict, 38, 40, 245; decay of, 33 f.; morality of, 105, 187; loyalty to, 141; and discipline, 147 f.; progress of, 241; society of, 255 ff., 277, 356

Negroes, 188 f., 232, 275, 276, 278

Nomenclature, of inheritance, 207 f.

Non-conformity, 106 ff., 300, 338, 367, 373, 380 f.

Novicow, J., 37

Nucleation, of groups and persons in modern life, 252

Opportunity, 11, 55–66, 78–87, 125, 181, 220, 221, 237 f., 250, 307 f.

Organic view, as opposed to particularism, 43–51; of degeneration, 153 ff.

Organism, impersonal, 4 ff.; international, 5, 255 ff.; meaning of social, 26 ff.; in relation to freedom, 28 f.; valuation by an impersonal, 284

Organization, social, unconscious, 16, 20 ff.; as a process, 19–29, 36, 55 ff.; cyclical character of, 30 ff.; and culture, 67 f.; and success, 89 f.; must support human nature, 176 f.; large-scale modern, 246 ff.; international, 255 ff.; and valuation, 309 ff., 329 ff., 336 ff.; and art, 413

Organizing capacity, 259

Originality, 390

Overlapping, of social forms, 6, 27 f.

Ox, diverse values of, 289 f.

Painting, schools of, 23

Palissy, 115

Panama Canal, 143

Paris, 12, 32

Parmelee, Maurice, 44

Particularism, intellectual, 43–51; in social reform, 160 ff.; biological, 205 ff., 226 f.; state-conflict, 241 ff., 394

Patriotism, and discipline, 145; in modern life, 252 f.; nature of, 261 ff.; and religion, 418 ff.

Peace. See Control, Social

Pecuniary motive, 129 f., 143

Personality, in relation to groups, 7, 8; a factor in culture, 69; in success, 89 ff.; great, alleged decline of, 123; standards of, 153 f.; and modern groups, 249 ff., 387

Persons, general relation of to social process, 3, 6, 8, 10 f., 16, 19, 20, 21 f., 27, 55 ff., 67 ff., 112, 154 ff.

Physical factors, 44, 46 f., 51

Plato, 50, 99, 102, 124

Play, organized, 146, 148

Poles, 271, 276

Political economy, 297 ff., 397, 403

Pons asinorum of sociology, 207

Poverty, 48; organized, might be abolished, 85 f., 161 f.; and propagation, 226–238

Pragmatism, 8

Primary ideals, 249

Primary or intimate groups, 62, 73 ff., 137, 148 ff., 421

Privilege. See Classes

Professional spirit, 131 f., 138, 140

Progress, 35, 41; group conflict theory of, 241 f.; of pecuniary valuation, 326 f., 329–348; tentative character of, 405–409

Progress-values, 341 ff.

Propagation, impulse to, 211 ff.; and poverty, 226 ff.

Prostitution, 184

Psalms, on success and morality, 99

Psychological tests, 64, 235, 389

Public opinion, 270, 378–381

Punishment, 132, 160

429Race, 202; questions of, 274 ff., 358, 379

Race exhaustion, 220 f.

Race suicide, 211 ff., 218 f.

Races, contact of backward and civilized, 187 ff.; loosed by communication, 247

Radicalism, value of, 368, 374

Reform, organic, 157 f.

Religion, 5, 14, 75; and patriotism, 75 f., 253, 266, 76, 253 f., 289, 330 f., 377, 408 f., 420 f. See also Christianity, Church

Rembrandt, 116

Responsibility, organic view of, 158 f.

Revolution, industrial, 45 f.; and class, 268; Russian, 271

Rhythm, in social process, 32 f.

Richelieu, 94

Roman Empire, 126

Ross, E. A., 209

Rousseau, 373

Rural culture, 74 f.

Rural degeneracy, 192

Ruskin, 15, 324

Russia, 271

Ruysdael, 410

Saint Louis (the King), 103

Sainte-Beuve, 118, 392

Savage peoples, demoralization of, 187, 209

Scott, Sir W., 114, 118

Seager, Henry R., 78, 308

Seasonal workers, 185

Security, sense of, in motivation, 139 ff.

Selection, in social process, 8 ff., 55 ff., 112, 117, 155, 181, 201 f.; in marriage, 214 ff.; artificial, 235 f., 284 f.; of ideas, 371 ff.

Self-consciousness, merged in the group, 137

Self-development and success, 88 f., 100

Self-expression, as motive, 321 ff., 410, 416 f.

Self-possession, an American trait, 144

Self-reliance, 90, 93, 95, 107, 113, 182

Self-respect, loss of, 173

Self-seeking, lower and higher, 128

Sensualism, 176

Sentiment, organization of, 25; a factor in discussion, 357

Service, social, a condition of success, 88 f., 100; emulation in, 128 ff., 145

Sexes, conflict of, 36; choice of, 214 ff., 361

Sexual impulses, 175, 177, 211 f.

Sexual vice, 191 f., 269

Shakespeare, 99, 114

Small, Albion W., 28

Sociability, may lead to degeneration, 176, 194

Social science, 43, 389, 395–404 (see the synopsis on p. 395), 405

Social work, as a profession, 340, 359

Socialism, 44, 367, 368

Society, in what sense organic, 26 ff.

Sociologist, qualifications of, 28, 401

Sociology, scientific character of, 395–404. See also Social science, Statistical method

Socius, in relation to culture, 67; nation as, 261

Soldiers, motives of, 130, 140

Solidarity, modern, 246 ff.; of classes, 271 ff.

“Soul” of impersonal organisms, 14

Spain, 33

Specialist, not a particularist, 49

Speculation, business, 32

Spencer, Anna Garlin, 65

Spencer, Herbert, 31

Spencer and Gillen, 188

Stagnation, 189 ff.

Standards, group, 102 ff.; of higher emulation, 138, 143, 153 f., 181, 186 ff.; in marriage, 216 f.; eugenic, 224, 228 f., 232, 233 f., 238; international, 262 ff., 343, 376; of service, 384 ff.

Stanley, H. M., 36, 92

State, idealization of, 147 f., 417 ff.

Statistical method, 32, 165, 166 ff., 386 ff., 398 ff.

Sterilization, 235

Stock-market, 359

Strain, mental, 181, 184

Struggle for existence, 233 ff.; among nations, 241 ff.

Success, theory of, 88–98; and morality, 99–111; necessary to confidence, 172; and eugenics, 221 ff.; and heredity, 230 f.; national, 241 ff.

Suicide, statistical study of, 399 f.

Sumner, W. G., 23, 47, 188

Superficiality in education, 72

Survey, social, 168

Survival, of the fittest, 8; biological, 201 ff., 209 ff.; in relation to classes, 218–238; of nations, 241 ff.

Symbolism, in fame, 116 ff., 139, 187

Sympathy, of concussion, 39; and success, 95 f.; and competition, 127; in business, 132; in reform, 157; fostered by art, 412 ff.

Tarde, 372

Taxation, as a means of reform, 85

Teachability, due to heredity, 200

Teachers, 63, 131; motivation of, 141

Team-work, 37, 129, 146, 157, 244, 264, 265, 388, 416. See also Community spirit

Temptation, is it beneficial?, 174 f.

Tentative process, 3–18, 19 ff., 30, 36, 55 ff., 353, 355, 408. See also Selection, Survival

Terra del Fuego, survival in, 229

430Thompson, W. S., 219

Tintoretto, 116

Torquemada, 366

Transition, conflict of ideas in a time of, 376 f.

Trial and error, 8

Trusts, 40 f.

Twins, in different environments, 200 f.

Types, social, 198, 201; hereditary, 198, 201, 209 ff.; improvement of, 224 f.; under poverty, 226 ff.; social tests of, 233 f., 235 f.

Unconscious social process, 5, 14 ff., 20 ff., 103, 284

Unemployment, and responsibility, 158 f., 185

United States, 47 f., 144, 245, 246, 257, 266, 276, 278, 407

Universities, organizing process in, 20; motivation in, 141, 292; valuation in, 339 f., 367, 369; as setters of standards, 391 f.

Vacher de Lapouge, 221

Valuation, sexual, 214 f.; as a social process, 283–292; pecuniary, institutional character of, 293–308; sphere of pecuniary, 309–328; progress of, 329–348

Variation, social, 17, 363 ff.

Vice, 177, 184, 193 f., 231

Villages, degenerate, 156 f., 168, 191

Vocational selection, 64 f., 83, 318, 344

Vocational training, 65, 67 f., 70 ff.

Voluntary association, 7, 149, 249

War, 38, 39 f.; moral equivalent for, 126 f.; industrial, 186; as revealer, 243, 246; prehistoric, 243; modern, 247, 248, 259; of classes, 273 ff.

War, the Great, 39 f., 42, 123, 162, 259

Ward, L. F., 37

Warner, A. G., 231

Wars, Napoleonic, 255

Washington, 113, 116

Wellington, composure of, 94

Wells, H. G., 142

Whitman, Walt, 415

Will, 21; freedom of, 28 f., 170 ff.; in degeneration, 169–179

Women, industrial education of, 65, 71; change in ideas regarding, 372

Women’s movement, effect of on race welfare, 215 ff.; on valuation, 346

Wordsworth, 118

“Working,” as a cause of growth, 8 ff., 12, 13 ff., 19, 23

BOOKS BY CHARLES HORTON COOLEY

Published by CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS

SOCIAL PROCESS net $2.00

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION; A STUDY OF THE LARGER MIND net $1.50

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.

Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter.