CHURCH HISTORY.

From A.D. 33 to the Reformation.

BY THE LATE Rev. J. C. ROBERTSON, M.A. CANON OF CANTERBURY.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACT COMMITTEE.

LONDON: SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE, NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS, W.C. 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C. 26, ST. GEORGE'S PLACE, HYDE PARK CORNER, S.W. BRIGHTON: 135, NORTH STREET. New York: E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO. 1887.

CONTENTS.

PART I.

CHAP. PAGE

1.The Age of the Apostles 1

2.St. Ignatius5

3.St. Justin, Martyr10

4.St. Polycarp13

5.The Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne15

6.Tertullian—Perpetua and her Companions17

7.Origen21

8.St Cyprian—Part I.25

"Part II.27

"Part III.29

9.The Last Persecution31

10.Constantine the Great38

11.The Council of Nicæa43

12.St. Athanasius—Part I.47

"Part II.51

"Part III.54

13.The Monks59

14.St. Basil and St. Gregory of Nazianzum—Part I.67

"""Part II.70

15.St. Ambrose73

16.The Temple of Serapis77

17.Church Government80

18.Christian Worship—Part I.85

""Part II.87

""Part III.90

19.Arcadius and Honorius93

20.St. John Chrysostom—Part I.95

""Part II.100

""Part III.103

""Part IV.105

21.St. Augustine—Part I.108

"Part II.111

"Part III. (Donatism)114

"Part IV."118

"Part V."120

"Part VI. (Pelagianism)124

"Part VII."127

22. Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon128

23.Fall of the Western Empire131

24.Conversion of the Barbarians—Christianity in Britain133

25.Scotland and Ireland136

26.Clovis140

27.Justinian142

28.Nestorians and Monophysites144

29.St. Benedict—Part I.147

"Part II.150

30.End of the Sixth Century—Part I.152

""Part II.154

31.St. Gregory the Great—Part I.156

""Part II.159

""Part III.160

""Part IV.163

PART II.

1.Mahometanism—Image-worship169

2.The Church in England171

3.St. Boniface173

4.Pipin and Charles the Great—Part I.177

""Part II.179

5.Decay of Charles the Great's Empire181

6.State of the Papacy184

7.Missions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries185

8.Pope Gregory VII.—Part I.191

"Part II.193

"Part III.194

"Part IV.196

9.The First Crusade—Part I.198

"Part II.201

"Part III.204

10.New Orders of Monks—Military Orders205

11.St. Bernard—Part I.211

"Part II.213

12.Adrian IV.—Alexander III.—Becket—The Third Crusade214

13.Innocent III.—Part I.217

"Part II.220

"Part III.223

"Part IV.225

14.Frederick II—St. Lewis of France—Part I.228

"""Part II.229

"""Part III.230

15. Peter of Murrone232

16.Boniface VIII.—Part I.235

"Part II.236

17.The Popes at Avignon—The Ruin of the Templars—Part I.239

"""Part II.241

18.The Popes at Avignon (continued)245

19.Religious Parties247

20.John Wyclif249

21.The Popes return to Rome252

22.The Great Schism254

23.John Huss256

24.The Council of Constance—Part I.258

""Part II.260

""Part III.261

25.The Hussites263

26.Councils of Basel and Florence265

27.Nicolas V. and Pius II.268

28.Jerome Savonarola—Part I.271

""Part II.273

29.Julius II. and Leo X.275

30.Missions—The Inquisition277

TABLE OF DATES.

PART I.

A.D. PAGE

33. Descent of the Holy Ghost on the Day of Pentecost1

62.Martyrdom of St. James the Less3

64.Persecution by Nero begins2

68.Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul2

70.Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus3

95.Persecution by Domitian3

100.Death of St. John5

116.Martyrdom of Ignatius9

166.Martyrdoms of Justin and Polycarp10-15

168.Montanus publishes his heresy17

177.Persecution at Lyons and Vienne15

190.Tertullian flourishes18

202.Persecution by Severus begins18

—Martyrdom of Origen's father21

206.Martyrdom of Perpetua and her companions18

248.Cyprian, bishop of Carthage25

249.Persecution by Decius23

251.Paul, the first hermit60

—Troubles at Carthage—Novatian separates from the Church27

253.Plague at Carthage27

254.Death of Origen24

—Disagreement between Cyprian and Stephen, bishop of Rome29

257.Persecution by Valerian29

258.Martyrdom of Cyprian31

260.Conversion of the Goths begins40

261.Valerian taken prisoner in Persia—Gallienus allows liberty to the Christians32

270.Manes publishes his heresy110

298.Diocletian requires soldiers, &c., to worship the heathen gods33

303.The last general persecution begins34

311.Separation of the Donatists from the Church44, 116

313.End of the persecution—Constantine and Licinius give liberty to the Christians38

314.Council of Arles about the affairs of the Donatists117

319. Arius begins to publish his heresy44

324.Constantine defeats Licinius, and declares himself a Christian38

325.The First General Council held at Nicæa—Arius condemned—The Nicene Creed made46

326.Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria47

335.Council of Tyre48

—Athanasius banished to Treves49

336.Death of Arius50

337.Death of Constantine51

338.Athanasius restored to his see52

341.Second banishment of Athanasius52

343.Persecution in Persia41

347.Revolt, defeat, and banishment of the Donatists117

348.Ulfilas, bishop of the Goths93

349.Second return of St. Athanasius52

356.Third exile of Athanasius53

—Death of Antony the hermit61

361.Julian, emperor—Paganism restored57

362.The Donatists recalled120

—Athanasius restored, but again banished56

—Attempt to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem57

363.Death of Julian58

370.Basil, bishop of Cæsarea, in Cappadocia68

372.Gregory of Nazianzum consecrated as bishop of Sasima69

373.Death of Athanasius59

374.Ambrose, bishop of Milan73

378.Gregory of Nazianzum goes to Constantinople69

379.Theodosius, emperor70

380.Gregory, bishop of Constantinople—Death of Basil70

381.Second General Council held at Constantinople—Gregory withdraws from his see70

385.Execution of Priscillian72

387.Baptism of Augustine113

—Sedition at Antioch97

390.Massacre at Thessalonica, and repentance of Theodosius75

391.Destruction of the Temple of Serapis78

395.Death of Theodosius77

—Augustine, bishop of Hippo114

397.Death of Ambrose77

—Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople100

400.Pelagius teaches his heresy at Rome124

403.Death of Telemachus at Rome95

—Council of the Oak—Chrysostom banished and recalled105

404.Chrysostom banished to Cucusus106

407.Death of Chrysostom107

409. The Romans withdraw from Britain135

410.Rome taken by Alaric93

—Pelagius and Celestius in Africa125

411.Conference with the Donatists at Carthage122

412.Ninian, bishop of Whithorn136

415.Councils in the Holy Land as to Pelagius126

429.Pelagianism put down in Britain by German and Lupus135

430.Death of Augustine128

431.Third General Council held at Ephesus—Condemnation of Nestorius129

432.Death of Ninian—Patrick goes into Ireland136

449.Council, known as "The Meeting of Robbers," at Ephesus129

—Landing of the Saxons in England136

451.Fourth General Council held at Chalcedon—Condemnation of Eutyches129

—Attila in France—Deliverance of Orleans131

452.Attila in Italy132

455.Rome plundered by Genseric132

476.End of the Western Empire133

464-519.Separation between the Churches of Rome and Constantinople144

493.Death of Patrick138

496.Conversion of Clovis141

527.Justinian, emperor142

529.The heathen schools of Athens shut up143

—Benedict draws up his Rule for monks149

541.Jacob, leader of the Monophysites145

553.Fifth General Council held at Constantinople145

565.Columba settles at Iona139

—Death of Justinian142

589.Third Council of Toledo—The Spanish Church renounces Arianism134

—Columban goes into France139

590.Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome155

596.Mission of Augustine to England163

597.Landing of Augustine in England—Conversion of Ethelbert164

604.Deaths of Gregory and Augustine166

PART II.

589-615. Missionary labours of St. Columban205

612.Mahomet begins to publish his religion169

627.Jerusalem taken by the Mussulmans169

632.Death of Mahomet169

635.Settlement of Scottish missionaries in Holy Island172

664.Council of Whitby172

724.Beginning of controversy as to images170

732.Victory of Charles Martel over the Saracens174

734.Death of the Venerable Bede173

715-755.Missionary labours of St. Boniface174

752.Pipin becomes king of the Franks177

787.Second Council of Nicæa180

794.Council of Frankfort180

800.Charles the Great crowned as emperor178

—(about) Forgery of Constantine's donation192

814.Death of Charles the Great181

826-865.Missionary labours of Anskar187

846.(about) Forgery of the False Decretals192

860-870.Conversion of Bulgarians, Moravians, Bohemians, &c.185

912.Foundation of the Order of Cluny206

962.Otho I., emperor183

988.Conversion of Basil, great prince of Russia188

999.Sylvester II., pope184

994-1030.Conversion of Norwegians189

1046.Council of Sutri185

1048.Pope Leo IX.—Beginning of Hildebrand's influence over the papacy193

1073.Hildebrand elected pope (Gregory VII.)193

1074.Foundation of the Carthusian Order207

1085.Death of Gregory VII.197

1098.Foundation of the Cistercian Order208

1099.Jerusalem taken in the First Crusade202

1113.Order of St. John (or Hospitallers) founded209

1116.Order of the Temple founded210

1123.Agreement between the pope and the emperor at Worms198

1147-1149.The Second Crusade213

1153.Death of St. Bernard214

1154.Nicolas Breakspeare, an Englishman, chosen pope (Adrian IV.)214

1170.Murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket216

1189. The Third Crusade217

1198.Innocent III. elected pope218

1203.Constantinople taken by Crusaders222

1208.England put under an interdict219

1208-1229.War against the Albigenses223

1215.Fourth Council of the Lateran—Innocent sanctions the Dominican and Franciscan Orders of Mendicant Friars227

1240.First Crusade of St. Lewis230

1270.Second Crusade and death of St. Lewis231

1274.Second Council of Lyons232

1294.Election of Pope Celestine V.233

——Election of Pope Boniface VIII.235

1300.Boniface celebrates the first jubilee235

1303.Death of Boniface239

1310.The popes settle at Avignon240

1312.Council of Vienne—The Order of the Temple dissolved243

1377.Gregory XI. removes the papacy from Avignon to Rome253

1378.Beginning of the Great Schism of the West254

1384.Death of John Wyclif251

1414-1418.Council of Constance258

1415.Pope John XXIII. deposed260

——John Huss burnt by order of the Council261

1417.Election of Pope Martin V., and end of the Schism262

1418.Religious war of Bohemia breaks out264

1431.Council of Basel opened265

1438.Council of Ferrara and Florence267

1453.Constantinople taken by the Turks268

1455.Invention of Printing269

1464.Pope Pius II. vainly attempts a crusade270

1498.Death of Savonarola274

1503.Death of Pope Alexander VI.275

1517.Appearance of Martin Luther as a reformer276