Note 1 — URBIS RŌMAE VIRĪ INLŪSTRĒS Complete text as printed

68.1 In 157 B.C., near Arpinum in Latium.

68.2 Sc. Āfricānō Minōre.

68.3 = dēposuit: ‘laid aside, completed, served.’

68.4 impigram . . . alacritātem: ‘his energetic eagerness in the direction of (ad),’ etc. = ‘his energy and eagerness to face,’ etc.

68.5 i.e. Scipio.

68.6 Subject of dūcere, l. 11.

68.7 = quī missus erat. Cf. coeptum, l. 15, and p. xxiv, L1.

68.8 crīminātus . . . dūcere: ‘charged him with prolonging.’ crīminārī is treated here as a verb of saying.

68.9 = prōdūcere, ‘prolong.’ Simple verbs not infrequently have the meanings which are more usually borne by some of their compounds. Cf. n. 3 above.

68.10 sī . . . redāctūrum: the words of Marius, reported in indir. disc. Cf. p. xxv, M 4, 7.

68.11 in . . . suffectus: ‘he was appointed to supersede Metellus.’ How literally?

68.12 This fortress lay on the steep, rocky bank of the river Malucha, which separated the dominions of Jugurtha and Bocchus.

68.13 ōrantēs may be explained (1) as = quī pācem ōrābant (cf. n. 7 above); or (2) as expressing purpose, and so = quī pācem ōrārent. In this latter sense, however, the fut. part. active is commonly employed, not the present.

68.14 See next selection.

69.1 The Tullianum: see illustration on p. 16.

69.2 ‘of one smiling.’ Join with modum.

69.3 The Cimbri and Teutones had left their homes in Denmark as early as 113 B.C. Having overrun Gaul, they made their way to the northern slopes of the Alps, defeating three Roman armies on the way (cf. l. 34 below). They did not, however, at once enter Italy, but turned off to Spain, whence they were speedily expelled by the natives.

69.4 For the position of cum, see p. 19, n. 8.

69.5 Sc. petere, or better adipīscī, ‘to secure.’

69.6 Cn. Papirius Carbo, 113; M. Iunius Silanus, 109; Q. Servilius Caepio, 105.

70.1 Sc. sunt.

70.2 Āctum . . . fuisset: ‘it was all up with the Romans had there not been a Marius.’ For erat we should have expected esset, since we have an unreal condition; but the indic., the mood of fact, is used to show that the ruin of the Romans actually was inevitable but for one thing. H 581, 1 (511, 1): M 940: A 308, b: G 597, 2: B 304, 3.

70.3 nisi . . . fuisset: we would say, ‘but for Marius,’ or ‘if it hadn’t been for Marius.’

70.4 in 102, at Aquae Sextiae (now Aix), near Marseilles.

70.5 ‘that ran through (the valley).’

70.6 dat. of possession with erat (to be supplied). On the whole sentence Vallem . . . cōpia, see p. 5, n. 13.

70.7 Virī . . . habētis: a rhetorical, but vigorous way of saying Sī virī (‘true men’) estis, etc., i.e. the getting of water depends wholly on your own courage.

70.8 ‘from a different side’ (from that by which the Teutones had sought to enter Italy). The Cimbri came through the Brenner Pass at the eastern side of the Italian Alps.

70.9 Sc. in flūmen.

70.10 Cf. p. 68, n. 13.

70.11 Quaerente . . . nōmināssent = two temporal clauses: ‘when Marius had asked . . . and they had named.’

70.12 ‘Never mind.’

71.1 sē . . . habērī: ‘that they were being mocked.’ lūdibriō is a dat. of purpose: cf. p. 25, n. 6.

71.2 pulvis . . . ferrētur: cf. XX, lines 7 and 8.

71.3 at the battle of Vercellae (101), near the modern Milan.

71.4 prōsternō.

71.5 ‘from above,’ i.e. from the tops of the wagons.

71.6 Captives were either killed or sold into slavery.

71.7 ēlīdō.

71.8 mūtuīs . . . vulneribus: ‘wounds inflicted by each other.’

71.9 ab . . . pependērunt: ‘hung from trees’ = ‘hanged themselves to trees.’

71.10 ut . . . hominī: ‘as (i.e. because he was) a new man,’ i.e. one whose ancestors had never held any state office. Such a man was not necessarily of plebeian birth.

71.11 ēvectō: ‘when he had been elevated.’ eī . . . ēvectō may also be rendered ‘his elevation.’

71.12 Sc. esse.

71.13 The part. gives the cause of dōnāverat.

71.14 In theory citizenship could be conferred only by action of the comitia tribūta, or assembly in which the people met by tribes.

72.1 See next selection.

72.2 Mithridates the Great waged war thrice with the Romans, 88-84 B.C., 83-81, and 74-66, till finally defeated by Pompey the Great. At the time referred to in the text he had overrun Asia Minor and had entered Greece.

72.3 lēgem . . . tulit: ‘proposed a law before the people,’ i.e. submitted a proposed law to their votes. The proposal was carried. In the civil strife that followed, Sulla led the aristocratic, Marius and Cinna the popular party.

72.4 dēlitēscō.

72.5 oblinō.

72.6 servus pūblicus: i.e. a slave owned by the state. Cf. the phrase ager pūblicus, p. 64, n. 9.

72.7 Carthage had been destroyed by the Romans in 149 B.C.

72.8 quem . . . laesisset (laedō): a causal rel. clause = ‘since he had,’ etc.: H 592 (517): M 839: A 320, e: G 633: B 283, 3.

72.9 tamen looks back to quī . . . obtinēbat, l. 102. The thought is that Marius hoped for some kindly consideration (hūmānitātis aliquod officium) from Sextilius, though his official position would naturally constrain him to be hostile to an outlaw.

73.1 L. Cornelius Cinna, leader with Marius of the popular party and enemy of Sulla. He was consul 86-84, but was killed by his own troops when he ordered them to cross to Greece to fight Sulla, who was preparing to return home at the close of the first Mithridatic War.

73.2 variīs . . . adfēcit: ‘he punished in various ways.’

73.3 ‘lawless reign,’ ‘wild revel.’

73.4 Cf. p. 2, n. 18.

73.5 quī . . . peteret: rel. clause of result: H 591, 1 (503, I): M 838: A 320: G 631: B 283.

73.6 cīvīlī lūctū: ‘at the price of (lit. by means of) grief to his fellow-citizens.’

73.7 tacita . . . fuit: ‘(though) unexpressed was in a sense (quaedam) a criticism,’ etc.

73.8 ingentī . . . laetitiā: ‘to the great joy of every one’; cf. p. 27, n. 3.

73.9 Join with facile, and see p. 19, n. 15.

73.10 armātus = bellō; togātus = pāce. Cf. l. 125. The toga was the regular dress of civilians.

74.1 Erat dūrior ad: ‘He was rather hard as regards,’ i.e. ‘he had no liking for.’

74.2 ‘culture.’

74.3 ingenuārum artium: ‘polite accomplishments.’

74.4 spernō.

74.5 abl. of material: H 470, 1 (415, III): M 610: A 244, d: G 396, and 3.

74.6 quod . . . prōfuissent: ‘because (so he declared) it had been of little service to its teachers in the direction of (attaining) virtue.’ Cf. quod . . . iūdicāret, l. 137, and see p. 14, n. 1.