Note 2 — URBIS RŌMAE VIRĪ INLŪSTRĒS Complete text as printed

52.2 See Vocab., Āfricānus and Scīpiō.

52.3 quī cum: ‘for when he.’ Cf. p. 4, n. 3.

52.4 ‘in (the course of) the battle.’ pūgna, like bellum and proelium, is often used in the abl. of time without a prep.

52.5 Cf. XIX, 16.

52.6 iam iam . . . esset: ‘was on the very point of falling.’

52.7 interiectō corpore: ‘by interposing his body.’ See p. xxiii, K 8.

52.8 Quae pietās: ‘this act of devotion.’

52.9 negantēs . . . habendam: ‘by saying that no account should be taken of him.’ For negantēs, see p. 41, n. 15. ratiōnem habēre is a phrase of mercantile life.

52.10 Scipio was less than twenty-five years old. In later times no one could be aedile till he had completed his thirty-sixth year.

52.11 impersonal pass. from eō: ‘they proceeded.’

52.12 admodum adulēscentem: ‘though but,’ etc.

53.1 adlātum erat: impersonal pass.: ‘the news had been brought.’

53.2 patior.

53.3 quī . . . iūrāverit (fut. perf. indic.) = a conditional clause, sī quis nōn iūrāverit. Cf. quī . . . crēderent, l. 35, below.

53.4 Cf. p. 31, n. 9.

53.5 Haud . . . sī: ‘Quite as much frightened as if.’

53.6 Cf. p. 47, n. 12.

53.7 P. Cornelius Scipio and Cn. Cornelius Scipio, respectively father and uncle of Africanus.

53.8 Sc. senātuī or populō.

53.9 Cf. p. 3, n. 2.

53.10 Subjunctive by attraction: see p. 13, n. 10.

53.11 inops cōnsiliī: ‘at its wit’s end.’

53.12 The gen. is regularly used with adjectives denoting fullness or the opposite: H 451, 2 (399, I, 3): M 573: A 218, a: G 374: B 204, 1.

53.13 = ‘to be a candidate.’

53.14 unde . . . posset = ut inde . . . posset; cf. p. 5, n. 3.

53.15 animōrum impetus: ‘enthusiasm,’ ‘excitement.’

53.16 populum . . . paenitēre: cf. Vēientēs . . . paenituisset, XI, 13, and note.

54.1 Cf. p. 42, n. 5.

54.2 = in eum locum.

54.3 congerō.

54.4 satis often = our ‘tolerably.’

54.5 A brother of Hannibal.

54.6 victum . . . expulit = vīcit et expulit.

54.7 = ‘but the captives,’ etc. Cf. p. 2, n. 24, and p. 5, n. 13.

54.8 We have here side by side the gen. and the abl. of characteristic. For the difference between them, see H 473, 2, N. 1 (419, 2): M 558: A 215, N.: G 400, R. 1.

54.9 id aetātis: ‘at that age,’ i.e. though he was so young. The accus. id is variously explained: see H 416, 2 (378, 2): M 507: A 240, b: G 336, N. 2; B 185. aetātis is partitive gen. (p. 30, n. 2) with id.

55.1 Why is vellet subjunctive?

55.2 effūsīs (effundō) . . . lacrimīs: ‘with tears of joy.’ How literally?

55.3 quī . . . dēdūcerent: ‘to escort him.’

55.4 quō . . . appellārunt: Roman soldiers, after a victory, hailed their general as Imperator. It was a way of saying that the leader had won his spurs and had really earned his title, which he had assumed on beginning the campaign.

55.5 ‘in my eyes,’ ‘to my mind’; a dative of reference.

55.6 rēgium nōmen = rēgis nōmen, ‘the title of king.’ Cf. nōmen imperātōris, l. 80, and rēgis appellātiōne, l. 84.

55.7 Sc. esse.

55.8 quem . . . spērāret: causal rel. clause (p. 31, n. 1).

55.9 For the two datives, see p. 25, n. 6.

55.10 future infinitive of sum.

56.1 Son of Gisco (so also in l. 148); to be carefully distinguished from the Hasdrubal of l. 61.

56.2 Sc. nāvem; ‘was sailing.’

56.3 = ut peteret. Cf. p. xviii, E 5.

56.4 Cēnātum . . . est (ab iīs): impers. pass.; ‘they dined.’

56.5 lectō . . . accubuērunt (accumbō): the writer has in mind the Roman custom, according to which men reclined at meals, supporting themselves on the left elbow. Three persons or more occupied the same couch.

56.6 iam dūdum cupiēbat: ‘had long desired.’ Iam diū, iam dūdum, and iam prīdem give to the present the force of the English perfect, to the imperfect the force of the English pluperfect.

56.7 Sc. ēius: ‘of him present’ = ‘now that he met him face to face.’

56.8 cultus (colō) munditiīs: ‘(too) elegantly adorned.’ How literally?

56.9 dē . . . remissō: ‘for the release of his nephew.’ For the construction, see p. 5, n. 15.

56.10 quaerō.

56.11 oblātam (offerō): ‘now that it was at last offered.’

56.12 ‘the legal time’; lēgitima aetās, l. 11. In later days forty-three was the legal age.

57.1 See p. 5, n. 3.

57.2 Sc. diē, for the gender of which, as in diēs, quae dicta erat, l. 127, see Vocab., diēs.

57.3 For mood and tense, see p. 6, n. 1. What did Scipio say?

57.4 ‘pitched,’ lit. ‘measured.’ The Roman camp was always laid out with great care, according to a fixed plan, and was carefully fortified, even if the stay was to last but one night.

57.5 The participles = rel. clauses: see p. xxiv, L 1.

57.6 interrogātōs (sc. eōs) . . . dīmīsit = interrogāvit (eōs) . . . et . . . dīmīsit, or cum (eōs) . . . interrogāsset, . . . dīmīsit.

58.1 = Syphax. For ipse referring to the principal personage, see also I, 5, and II, 4.

58.2 ‘misfortune.’ So fāma = both ‘fame’ and ‘ill repute,’ valētūdō = both ‘health’ and ‘sickness.’

58.3 dat. of indir. object with temperāns.

58.4 quod . . . dūxisset. What does the subjunctive show?

58.5 ab . . . dūxisset: cf. p. 50, n. 4.

58.6 acc. of extent of space: cf. p. xvii, D 2.

58.7 ‘motionless.’

58.8 armīs . . . esse: ‘that the issue must be decided by arms.’ Note the method employed in translating the impers. passive here and in lines 13, 23, and 98, and apply it to pūgnārī, l. 173.

58.9 Cēterum cōnstat: ‘it is, however, well known.’

59.1 percellō.

59.2 Cf. negantēs, l. 10, and p. 6, n. 20.

59.3 pacta (pacīscor) essent: subjunctive by attraction: see p. 13, n. 10.

59.4 pariō.

59.5 i.e. of all ever celebrated in Rome.

59.6 haud piget: sc. mē; ‘I am not ashamed.’ piget is construed exactly like paenitet: see p. 28, n. 7.

59.7 Here = the temple, sacred to Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva.

59.8 id temporis = eō tempore. Cf. note on id aetātis, l. 66.

60.1 Join ē mīlitibus with quispiam, l. 204.

60.2 in . . . iubēret: ‘when and where he bade (the accused) appear for trial.’ vadēs sistī is the passive of vadēs sistere, a legal phrase = ‘to make one’s bail stand,’ i.e. to make it effective, and so ‘to stand trial.’ Sistere often means ‘to produce in court,’ as in l. 207.

60.3 sēsē sistant: ‘let them produce themselves,’ i.e. appear for trial.

60.4 Diē tertiā = perendiē, l. 206. In counting days, the Romans usually included the day from which they started.

60.5 locative.

60.6 Cf. n. on castra mētātus est, l. 140.

60.7 illō ēlegantius: ‘more judiciously than he.’ For illō, see p. 10, n. 18.

60.8 Sc. castrīs.

60.9 See p. 47, n. 12. dīcerēs is imperfect, as referring to present time; the other verbs denote past time.

60.10 ‘in that event’; = sī tē vīcissem.

61.1 ‘a (mere) fighter.’

61.2 pariō.

61.3 This war lasted from 192 to 190.

61.4 partitive gen. with parum, which is here a noun. In l. 225 it was an adverb.

61.5 nihil . . . commūtātum: ‘no change was made.’ Note that nihil is an adverbial acc. of degree, and that commūtātum est is impersonal.

61.6 ‘treated.’

61.7 tum māximē: ‘at that very moment.’

61.8 Explain mood and tense.

61.9 Distinguish between grātiās agere and grātiam referre.

61.10 Notice that suādeō = merely ‘to advise’; ‘to persuade’ is persuādeō.

61.11 ‘was not arranged.’

62.1 = quī prōlātus erat; cf. p. xxiv, L 1.

62.2 abl. of means (though rendered ‘in which’) both with continēbantur and refellī poterat.

62.3 indīgnātus . . . dubitārī: ‘angry because doubts were raised.’ For the infin. see p. 19, n. 6.

62.4 See p. 16, n. 9. verba fēcit: ‘he delivered a speech.’

62.5 Nōn . . . quaerātis: ‘there is no reason why you should ask’; lit., ‘there is not (anything) as to which,’ etc. H 591, 4 (503, 1, N. 2): M 836: A 320, a: G 631, 2: B 283, 2.

62.6 nostrum, like vestrum, is regularly used only as a partitive gen.

62.7 A crown of laurel, worn by the general at his triumph.

62.8 Nē . . . sīmus: cf. p. 31, n. 9.

62.9 (ut) relinquāmus . . . eāmus is a substantive clause of purpose. For the omission of ut see H 565, 4 (499, 2): M 781: A 331, f, R.: G 546, R. 2: B 295, 8.

63.1 abl. of specification.

63.2 quō (sc. diē) = eō diē quō.

63.3 quae . . . opus erant: ‘which were necessary’; lit. ‘which were a necessity.’ For a very different construction with opus, cf. nihil opus esse . . . eō cīve, XV, 22, and note.

63.4 cōnspectum . . . expetentēs: ‘craving a chance to see so great a man, as a sort of heaven-sent favor.’

63.5 nē . . . gravārētur: the subjunctive is used here in indir. disc., as representing an imperative of the direct: H 642, 4 (523, III): M 1023: A 339: G 652: B 316.