Note 10 — URBIS RŌMAE VIRĪ INLŪSTRĒS Complete text as printed

43.10 In the latter part of the First Punic War Hamilcar had successfully maintained himself for several years in Sicily against the Romans. Subsequently he built up a great Carthaginian empire in Spain, partly to offset the losses which Carthage had sustained in its struggle with Rome, and partly to supply it with the means for a renewal of the conflict.

43.11 novem . . . nātus: ‘when only nine years old.’

43.12 Cf. p. 10, n. 15.

43.13 This war lasted from 218 to 202 B.C.

44.1 When Hamilcar was killed in battle in Spain in 227, his son-in-law Hasdrubal took command of the Carthaginian forces there. He in turn was succeeded by Hannibal in 219.

44.2 dat. with foederātam. Cf. H 428, 3 (385, 4, 3): A 248, a, R.: G 359: B 192, 1. Compare the dat. used with iungō and mīsceō.

44.3 utrum is here a relative pronoun; hence the indicative placet, with which we must supply vōbīs. In utrum vellet, however, utrum is interrogative: hence the subjunctive.

44.4 = a subjunctive in ind. disc. representing an original imperative. See p. xxvi, M 6.

44.5 excutiō.

44.6 quibus . . . animīs, iīsdem: abl. of manner. See p. 42, n. 5.

44.7 Sc. bellum.

44.8 P. Cornelius Scipio, father of the famous P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Maior, and consul in 218.

44.9 The first two battles were fought in 218, the third in 217.

44.10 See Vocab., dictātor.

44.11 Cf. p. 28, n. 17.

44.12 adversus Hannibalem = a causal clause: ‘since he was facing H.’ Here again the Latin feels the lack of a participle to sum.

44.13 recēdere . . . discrīmine: ‘to avoid (any) hazardous risk.’ recēdere depends on cōnstituit, l. 22.

44.14 modicō . . . intervāllō: we say, ‘at a moderate distance.’ For the abl., see p. 39, n. 12.

44.15 ‘let slip,’ ‘lose sight of.’

45.1 apparently = in castrīs, but really an abl. of means.

45.2 nisi . . . cōgeret: ‘except as far as necessity forced (Fabius to lead them forth).’ cōgeret is an example of the iterative subjunctive, used to denote the frequent repetition of an act. It generally occurs in clauses containing a past tense, and is common in Livy, on whom this story is based.

45.3 neque . . . deerat: ‘missed no chance of scoring a success.’

45.4 reī bene gerendae: cf. p. 40, n. 17.

45.5 mīlitem . . . paenitēre: ‘the soldiers began to be less discontented with (i.e. to be more confident of),’ etc. For the construction, see p. 28, n. 7.

45.6 dēligāta . . . incendī = dēligārī et incendī.

45.7 Why abl.?

45.8 reor.

45.9 Render by a noun: ‘sluggard.’

45.10 See Vocab., magister.

45.11 indirect discourse, dependent on the verb of saying suggested by crīminandō.

45.12 Indirect object with aequāvit, which = aequum fēcit.

46.1 abl. of specification.

46.2 aequō animō is an abl. of manner (p. 41, n. 10), and = ‘patiently.’

46.3 eī . . . auxiliō: ‘to help him in his peril.’ Cf. p. 25, n. 6.

46.4 receptuī cecinit: ‘gave the signal for a retreat.’ receptuī is a dat. of purpose: cf. p. 25, n. 6. canere is used of instrumental music (here of playing on the trumpet) as well as of vocal.

46.5 cōnfiteor.

46.6 i.e. Hannibal.

46.7 tandem . . . dedisse: ‘the cloud . . . had at last brought wind and rain,’ i.e. Fabius, after so long threatening the Carthaginians, had at last proceeded to active measures.

46.8 Cf. p. 4, n. 6.

46.9 per . . . vēnandī: ‘under pretense of hunting.’

46.10 a substantive clause of purpose, object of monuit.

46.11 supine of pāscō, denoting the purpose of prōpulsa essent: cf. p. 5, n. 20.

46.12 veluti . . . factam: ‘as if they (i.e. the cattle) were plunder captured from the foe.’ praedam is accus. by attraction to ea pecora, to be supplied as the object of dōnārent.

46.13 eō . . . est: lit., ‘to such a degree of custom was the matter brought,’ = ‘so customary did this proceeding become.’ cōnsuētūdinis is a partitive gen. with eō, which strictly = ‘thither, to that point.’

46.14 subjunctive by attraction (p. 13, n. 10) to aperīrētur, which itself denotes result.

47.1 ‘who were buried in slumber.’ The perf. pass. part. here, as often, = a relative clause.

47.2 Leve . . . mōmentum: ‘a circumstance (almost too) trifling to mention.’ For dictū, see p. 19, n. 15.

47.3 dēperībat amōre: ‘was dying for (lit. because of) love,’ i.e. was desperately in love with.

47.4 objective gen. with amōre: cf. p. 14, n. 15.

47.5 ad . . . perpulit (perpellō): ‘drove him to,’ i.e. induced him to, etc.

47.6 ‘watch.’

47.7 refringō.

47.8 emphatic by reason of its position before the conjunction cum: cf. p. 19, n. 8.

47.9 suum Hannibalem: ‘a Hannibal of their own.’

47.10 Cf. p. 14, n. 1.

47.11 i.e. Fabius. Livius said: meā operā tū Tarentum recēpistī.

47.12 A conditional sentence, containing a supposition contrary to the facts: H 579 and N. (510 and N. 1): M 938: A 308: G 597: B 304.

48.1 equō vehēbātur: ‘was riding.’ equō is an abl. of means.

48.2 verēcundiā . . . māiestātis: ‘out of respect for his dignity as a father.’ Explain the case of verēcundiā, also of māiestātis. Roman fathers were as absolutely masters of their children as they were of their slaves. Yet the rights of a son in official position took precedence of the honors due a father.

48.3 Cf. p. 12, n. 3.

48.4 abl. with dīgnus: H 481 (421, III): M 654: A 245, a: G 397, N. 2: B 226, 2.

48.5 Cautior . . . est: = ‘he was accounted cautious rather than alert.’ See H 499 (444, 2): M 429: A 192: G 299: B 240, 4.

48.6 īnsita . . . prūdentia: ‘his innate caution’; lit., the caution implanted in his nature. For ingeniō, see p. 2, n. 7.

48.7 possessive dative: ‘no one has a doubt.’

48.8 Cf. p. 39, n. 4.

48.9 = rem pūblicam.

48.10 abl. of means. With cunctandō cf. morā, l. 19, and cunctātiōne, l. 109.

48.11 id . . . posset: ‘accomplished this, that it should be impossible to overthrow Rome.’ nē . . . posset is a clause of purpose, in apposition with id.