INDEX

Ages, successive, of stone, bronze, and iron, 4

Aitken, Dr., F.R.S., on fog, cloud, and odoriferous particles, 77

Alligator, simplification of, in the decorative work of the Chiriqui Indians, 205

Altamira, cave of, discovery of pictures in, 28

America (Central), stone slab from, with carved swastika, 198

American Indians bead-work garter with two swastikas, 197

Anglo-Saxon urn ornamented with swastikas, 196

Aniline, 224

Animalcules, wheel, 157-172

Animation, suspended, 173-190

Anthracite, 217, 219

Anti-scorbutic value of germinating wheat, barley, peas, beans, lentils, discovered, 237

Anti-scorbutics, no use when dried, 230

or preservatives against scurvy described, 235-236 studied at the Lister Institute, 233

Antler, engraved, from the cavern of Lortet, 1

Arbelus, the, of ancient Greek geometers, 215

Asphalt, 223, 225

Aurignacian negroid race, 8

Bacteria, suspended animation of, 177, 186, 187, 188

Bear engraved on stalagmite, 48

Beer, modern, not so effective an anti-scorbutic (preserver from scurvy) as older sorts, 237

Benzine, 224

Bison, pictures of, from walls of caves, 47

Bitumen, 223, 224

Bituminous coal, 219

Blue blood and pride of race, 154

colour of frogs, 78

of the Lake of Geneva, 83

of water, 74-85

Grotto of Capri, 82

Breeding and inter-breeding as a test, 102, 104, 131

Bridle seen in engravings of horse, 43, 45

Brown, Horace, F.R.S., his experiments with seeds at low temperatures, 175

Bruce, Sir David, his report of the work done by the Lister Institute in 1919, 233

Buddha, footprint of the, picture showing swastikas, 193

Bumpus, Prof., on variation in sparrows, 118

Burnett, Sir William, by mistake introduces in the Navy juice of the

sour-lime in place of lemon-juice, 236

Burning water, fountains of, 225

Butterflies of the genus Vanessa, 97

several different species of white and of blue, 97

several species united to form one larger kind–a genus, 95

species of, 94

the kinds of, 94

Caloric, an assumed entity, 186

Cannel (or candle) coal, 219

Carbon, weight of, annually discharged over London, 218

Carboniferous system, the, 221

Cats, male, with blue eyes are deaf, 120

Cause of survival in the struggle for life, 118, 119

Cave of Altamira, 28, 47

of Brassempouy, 51

of Combarelles, 32

of Font de Gaume, 29, 32

of Laugerie basse, 46

of Lortet, 1

of Marsoulas (Haute Garonne), 43

of Mas d'Azil, 43

of Niaux (Ariège), 43

of St. Michel d'Arudy, 45

Caves, pictures on walls of, 7

Census of species of animals, 129

Chick, Dr. Harriette, secretary, and Dr. Hopkins, F.R.S., chairman, of a committee investigating accessory food-factors, 234

Chinese "great monad," 210

Circle, how to divide it so as to describe a Tomoye, 214

Citrus medica limonum, the lemon, 236

acida, the West Indian sour-lime, 236

Coal, 217-222

mines, annual output of, 221

Coal-tar, 224

Coffer-fish, 130

Cold, action of extreme, in preventing chemical combination, 177

Copan, circular altar-stone from, divided by an S-shaped trough so as to resemble the Tomoye, 213

Correlated characters or structures, 119, 125

Crab, common shore, variations in, 118

Crag, the Red, of Suffolk, 38

the Norwich, 38

Crayfish, species of, 120

Cromagnard race, 8, 9

Cross-breeding of races, 140-156

Crystal Palace, the, sixty years ago, 84

Decorative design, 200-208

Deer, the picture of the Three, 13

Dewar, Sir James, his important experiments on action of cold and of light on phosphorescent bacteria, 188

Diplodocus, a gigantic reptile, 85, 91

Discoveries falsely announced, and others misrepresented or unnoticed by newspapers, 173, 176

Dolphins (oceanic colour-changing fish), 130

Equus the horse genus, the history of, 103

Exuberances of non-significant growth, 127, 130

Fat boys of journalism, 173

Fertilization, resistance to hybrid, 136, 137, 138

Fish drawn between horse's legs, 23

Fishes, examples of strangely-shaped, 130

Fleas, species of, 105

Flowers of tan survive desiccation, 179

Food, the accessory factors in, 233

Fylfot, the, 191

Gammadion, the, 191

Geometrical properties of the Tomoye, 216

Germ variation, a constant process, 112

Gigantic reptiles, 85, 87

Gigantosaurus, discovery of, in Africa, 87

upper-arm bone of, compared with that of an elephant and of man, 88

Gills of crayfishes, 121

a new one discovered by a lady student at Oxford, 123

Glacial period, 6

Goose engraved on reindeer antler, 49

Grammatizing v. naturalizing in decorative art, 202, 203

Grouse, the red and allied species, 116, 117

Harpoons of Azilian and Magdalenian period, 3

Horses, cave-men's pictures of, 43, 45

Horses' heads drawn with bridle or halter, 43, 45

Hybrids, 131-138

among allied species of fish, 133, 134

infertile and fertile, 134, 135

Inter-Glacial climate and animals, 9

Kaleidoscope, the living organism compared to a, 112

Kelvin, Lord, on the origin of life, 186

Kipling, Mr. Rudyard, on primitive man, 4

Koban necropolis, swastikas from, 196

Lake dwellings of Switzerland, 4

Lalanne, M., discovery by, of human statuettes, 50

Laussel, rock-shelter of, human statuettes from, 50

Life-saving qualities not alone survive in nature, 127

Lime-juice, action of, was not understood, 231

and scurvy, 229-237

on long voyages, 231

shown to be effective when prepared from the true lemon, 236

the original lime-juice was lemon-juice, not the juice of the sour-lime, 236

when prepared from West Indian sour-lime not effective, 232

Linnæus, his method of naming and classifying animals and plants, 99

Lion, wall engraving of, 48

Lister Institute, investigations carried on there, 233

Lodge, Sir Oliver, on life, 185

Lortet, cavern of, 1

Mammoth, engraving of, on ivory, from the cave of La Madeleine, 26

Mammoths, engravings of, on walls of caves, 32, 33

Man, Isle of, and the Sicilian three-legged emblem, 203

Mantell, Dr. Gideon, discoverer of gigantic extinct reptiles, 84

Marsh-gas, 220

Milne-Edwards, Alphonse, his proposed experiment on cross-breeding of races and species, 141

Miscegenation or cross-breeding of human races, 148-156

Monaco, Prince of, his researches and publications, 29

Mongrels defined as distinct from hybrids, 138, 145

may exhibit fine qualities, 147

Monsters, 132

Mules between horse and ass, 103

Mykenæan age, swastikas of, illustrated, 194, 195

Neander men, 8

Negro with European features disliked by other negroes, 155

Neolithic people, 10

Ogee, a vague term, 215

swastika, so-called, 210, 213

Oil, boring for, 223

Oil-boring industry, 226

Oil-shales, 227

Okapi of the Congo Forest, not a hybrid, 133

Olefines, 224

Osborn, Rev. Lord Sydney Godolphin, 179

Pairing as a test of species, 101, 131

Palæolithic or ancient Stone Age, 5

Papilio, the genus of swallow-tailed butterflies, 97

Paraffin series, 224

Peat, 219

Pedalion, the leg-bearing wheel animalcule, 161, 163

to be compared with young of certain prawns, 164

Petroleum, the name invented in 1855 by Prof. Silliman, 225

Pictet and de Candolle on suspended animation, 175

Picture, the earliest, in the world, 1-25

of the Three Red Deer, 12, 13

Piette, Edouard, his excavations of caves, 1

Pigs and the paint-root, 119, 145

Pimpernel, red and blue, will not inter-breed, 145

Pine ornament of Indian shawls, 210

Pleistocene, a small fraction of earth's crust, 42

series or system, 38, 39

Pliny the elder at Vesuvius, 58

Pocahontes, the Algonkian princess, 153

Prehistoric men, art of, 35-54

successive ages of, 36-39

Printings from engraved cylinders, 11, 16, 17

Race, pride of, 150, 152, 153

Racehorse, English thoroughbred, history of, 147

Races, nature of, 143

produce mongrels by cross-breeding, 140

Reindeer, cave-man's engraving of, 46

period, 7

Restoration of the Lortet picture of the Three Deer, 13

Rhinoceros drawn on wall of a cavern, 46

Rice, polished, the story of, and the disease beri-beri, 234

Rock-oil, 225

Romanes, Dr. George, his experiments on the suspended animation of seeds, 184

Rotifer, the common, or wheel animalcule, 159

Scandinavian silver work showing swastikas, 196

Schliemann, fragment of pottery found by, in Tiryns, 23

swastikas discovered by, at Hissarlik, 193

Scurvy, description of, 229

Seeds, frozen, survive, 177

Simplification of decorative designs (figures of), 206

Smoke nuisance, London citizen executed for producing it in 1306, 217

Sparrows, variations in, 118

Species, an attempt to estimate their number, 129

in the making, 108

Latin names for, why used, 96

not a convention, but a naturally limited group of individuals, 100

not the same as a variety or a race, 101

of common English plants, 98

of crayfish, 120

types or type-specimens of, 96

what the word means, 91-99

Specific characters, 118-130

Spencer, Herbert, on life, 183

Spirals carved on mammoth ivory, 54

Statuette of a man, 51

St. Germain, museum of, 1, 11, 45

Stork theory of the swastika, 207

Strata of the earth's crust, thickness of, 40, 41

Streptocone, the bent cone or comma-like figure forming half a Tomoye, 215, 216

Sulphuric acid, weight of poisonous, annually discharged over

London, 218

Sun-fish, 130

Survival value, 124, 125

Suspended animation, 173-190

Swastika, mode of forming a, in India, 199

on a piece of painted pottery from Tiryns, figure of, associated with horse and fish, 23

possible derivation from a doubled Tomoye, 210

related to the tetraskelion, with four curved arms, shown in Fig. 58, 212

the, 191-208

Tapirs, the two living species of, 109

Temperature, measurement of, 174

Thoroughbred English racehorse a mongrel, 147

Tiger, sabre-toothed, 9

Time, estimate of, in geology, 43

Tinning of vegetables destroys their anti-scorbutic value, 235

Tiryns, fragment of pottery from (date 800 B.C.), and having swastika and horse and fish, 23

Toads in coal, 221

Toleration in nature, 128

Tomoye, the, and its relation to the swastika, 208-216

Triskelion of Sicily and the Isle of Man, history of, 203

Variation in nature, 110

made use of by gardeners and breeders, 111

Varieties and gradational series in nature, 114, 115

Veliger, young stage of marine snail, drawing of, to compare with a wheel animalcule, 181

Vesuvius, 55-73

as it appeared in A.D. 70, 57

ascent of, during eruption, 66

eruption of 1872 witnessed, 68-70

history of eruptions, 61-64

Vitamines or accessory food factors, 233

Volcanoes and eruptions, 72, 73

Water, blue colour of, 74-85

Weldon, Prof., on variation in the shore-crab, 118

Wells, spouting and fountain, of rock-oil, 227

Whales, their size and its limit, 86

Wheel animalcule, parasitic, on the sea-worm Synapta, 172

animalcules, 157-172

book on, by Mr. Gosse and Dr. Hudson, 158

compared with the young stages of growth of marine snails, 171, 181

minute males of some, 166

pictures of, 159, 161, 162, 163, 169

some survive drying up of the water in which they live, 166, 167, 178, 179

Willendorf, female statuette from, 50

Winans, Mr. Walter, on the picture of the Three Deer, 19-22

Wolf, engraving of head of, 48

Women, carvings representing, 50, 51

Zebras, 103

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