INDEX

Accuracy of death-rate records, 6.

Adenoids, 288.

Advantages, of gravity water-supply, 168, 169; of hydraulic rams, 172; of pond or lake water over brook water, 128.

Age and sex in disease, 299.

Aim of hygiene, 424.

Air, for breathing, 68; for consumptives, 341; in soils, 39.

Air-lifts for pumping, 107, 183.

Air-space in cellar walls, 53.

Alcohol as a stimulant, 275.

Allegheny Valley and cancer, 34.

Amount of food required, 269.

Analysis of proposed water-supply, 143.

Animal heat in barn, 88; pollution of water, 136.

Animals, fit for butchering, 306; in the study of disease, 250.

"Anopheles" mosquito, 380.

Antiseptics, 316; in milk, 235.

Antitoxin, 306; and disease, 396; for diphtheria, 403; for hydrophobia, 408; for tetanus, 408; for typhoid fever, 363.

Apparatus for driving wells, 119.

Appendicitis, 33.

Appetite for food, 266.

Application of sewage to land, 218.

Area for subsurface sewage disposal, 223.

Artificial sewage beds, 219.

Asphalt for cellar walls, 53.

Auto-intoxication, 312.

Automatic sewage syphon, 225.

Babylon, L. I., water-supply, 187.

Bacillus of typhoid fever, 351.

Back of cellar walls, 56.

Bacteria, and parasites, 302; and sewage purification, 213; in milk, 235.

Bacterial agencies, 304.

Bad air and its effects, 69.

Balanced rations, 263.

Barn ventilation, 88.

Barnyard drainage, 141.

Bathing for hygienic purposes, 285.

Beneficent bacteria, 304.

Billings's suggestion for ventilation, 80.

Billings's ventilation by stoves, 83.

Blankets, 281.

Blood resistance and disease, 297.

Bob-veal, 252.

Boiler for hot water, 198.

Boiling water for disinfection, 329.

Boston, Mass., water used in, 93.

Box radiators at window, 80.

Bright's disease in the country, 20.

Brooks as water-supply, 124.

Brush dam, 163.

Bubonic plague, 393.

Bucket water wheel, 175.

Cancer and soils, 33; in Europe, 34.

Carbohydrates and digestion, 261.

Carbolic acid as disinfectant, 322.

Carbon dioxid in the air, 75.

Causes of typhoid fever, 350.

Cell disintegration, 297.

Cellar, floors, 59; in limestone rock, 47; ventilation, 60; walls of dry masonry, 55.

Cellars and their drainage, 28.

Cement joints for well walls, 115.

Cesspools and wells, 116.

Changes in air breathed, 75.

Chemical poisons, 311.

Chicken pox, 375; preliminary symptoms of, 367.

Children, as affecting the death rate, 8; in Otsego and Putnam counties, 9.

Children's diseases, 364.

Chloride of lime, 325.

City milk, 247.

Cleanliness of stables, 63.

Clean milk, 242, 421.

Clean stables and their effects, 237.

Clothing, 280.

Coal-tar disinfectants, 323.

Coffee and tea, 272.

Cold baths, 286.

Composition, of air, 75; of soils, 32.

Computations for rain-water storage, 101.

Concrete, core for dam, 159; dam, 160; for spring-chamber, 158; in cellar floor, 60; in stables, 64; method of mixing, 66.

Construction, of air-tight barns, 89; of dug wells, 113; of houses, 49; of septic tanks, 230.

Consumption and bad ventilation, 74.

Contagion in children's diseases, 386.

Contagious diseases, 305.

Cooking and digestion, 268.

Cooling of milk, 242, 247.

Corn and pellagra, 391.

Corrosive sublimate, 324.

Cost, of driven wells, 121; of flush tank, 207; of fuel for pumping, 178; of operating gas engines, 178; of plumbing, 200; of ventilation, 87; of water pipe, 168.

Cows and ventilation, 71.

Cow stables, ventilation of, 62.

Creamery and typhoid fever epidemic, 147.

Creosols, 323.

Crib dam, 163.

"Culex" mosquito, 380.

Curb for well, 141.

Cure of hookworm disease, 390.

Cut-off wall for dam, 160, 161.

Damp cellars, 27.

Damp courses in house walls, 56.

Dampness, and disease, 26; of cellar walls, 52.

Damp soils, 27; and their effects, 40.

Dams for reservoirs, 158.

Danger, from drainage of barns and barnyards, 137; from leachings from privies and cesspools, 138.

Dangers, of polluted air, 73; of polluted water, 144.

Death-rate, from typhoid fever, 11; from typhoid fever in New York State, 15; of babies in Rochester, 237; records, accuracy of, 6.

Death-rates, at various ages, 10; in general, 2; in New York State, 4; in rural communities, 8; in various countries, 3; of children, 9; outside of New York City, 7.

Deaths from measles and scarlet fever, 365.

Decomposition in sewage, 209.

Deep well pump, 106.

Deep wells, 115.

Deficiency of water from well supply, 104.

Definition of sewage, 208.

Deodorizers, 317.

Detection of animal pollution, 137.

Diagnosis of diphtheria, 404.

Digestion and its requirements, 261.

Digestive processes, 259.

Dimensions of hydraulic rams, 173.

Diphtheria, 401; and milk, 239; antitoxin, 310, 402; in the country, 19.

Direct causes of disease, 302.

Dirt and disease, 296.

Dirt dam, 159.

Disadvantages, of hydraulic rams, 171; of windmills, 169.

Disease, the causes of, 295.

Diseases caused by milk, 238.

Disinfecting, agents, 315; a room, directions for, 319; gases, 318.

Disinfection, 314; by heat, 327; for chicken pox, 376; for consumption, 337; for measles, 373; for scarlet fever, 371; for whooping cough, 375.

Disposal of sewage and water-supply, 141.

Distilled water, 131.

Dogs and hydrophobia, 406.

"Don't Spit" axioms, 334.

Drafts from windows prevented, 79.

Drainage, 41; around the house, 44, 50.

Drain, for house on side hill, 42; from house plumbing, 200.

Drains leading to dug well, 104.

Driven well, in dug well, 105; machinery, 119.

Driven wells, 118.

Drugs and their immoderate use, 275.

Dry heat for disinfection, 328.

Dry masonry for cellar walls, 55.

Dug wells, 112.

Dust and its dangers, 301.

Earache, 288.

Effect of bad ventilation, 73; of hard water on health, 133; of vegetable pollution of water, 135.

Elimination, of dangers of surface pollution, 140; of mosquitoes, 381.

Enameled iron for plumbing fixtures, 196.

Epidemic diseases, 305.

Epidemics of typhoid fever, 354.

Eruption of measles, 372.

Eucalyptus trees and malaria, 378.

Evaporation from reservoirs, 103.

Exercise, after meals, 271; of the body, 278.

Expectorations in cases of consumption, 334.

Exposure, and pneumonia, 346; of a house, 29.

External causes of disease, 312.

Eyes and their troubles, 290.

Factory life and disease, 301.

Fall River, Mass., water used in, 93.

Faucets for plumbing, 195.

Field-stone dam, 160.

Filter beds for sewage in winter, 221.

Filtration of sewage, 219.

Finishing concrete surfaces, 67.

Fire protection and water-supply, 98.

Fire streams and water flow, 97.

Fish as destroyers of mosquitoes, 381.

Fixtures for plumbing, 191.

Fleas and the bubonic plague, 393.

Fletcher, and chewing, 259; and his two meals, 269.

Flies and typhoid fever, 359.

Floods and stone dams, 161.

Floor of cellars, 59.

Flow of underground water, 111, 143.

Flush tank for water-closet, 206.

Food, for consumptives, 340; for various body needs, 258.

Food adulteration laws, 416.

Foods and beverages, 257.

"Foos" gas engine, 178.

Formaldehyde, 321.

Forms for concrete cellar walls, 65.

Foul-air outlet for ventilation, 81.

Foundation for dam, 160.

Freezing in plumbing, 190.

Fresh-air inlet for ventilation, 77.

Friction with fire streams, 98.

Fried foods, 269.

Fuel for pumping, 178.

Galvanized iron water tanks, 185.

Garbage for filling low ground, 37.

Gas engines for pumping, 177.

Gastric juice, 260.

Gate house for reservoirs, 165.

Goiter and soils, 33.

Goulds Manufacturing Co. pumps, 181.

Grade, for house drains, 45; for cellar drains, 51; of subsurface tile, 222.

Ground water, 43.

Growth of mosquitoes, 384.

Habit and food, 267.

Hand basin in bath-room, 199.

Hands to be washed frequently, 287.

Hand valves for sewage tanks 227.

Hard water, 133.

Health departments, 416.

Heat, and plumbing, 190; as a disinfectant, 327.

Heating and ventilation, 87.

Heredity and health, 298.

Homer, N. Y., water-supply, 105.

Hookworm disease, 302, 388.

Hot-air engines for pumping, 175.

Hot-water boiler, 198.

Hot-water circulation, 194.

House drainage, 200.

House drains, 44.

Hydraulic rams, 171.

Hydrophobia, 407.

Hygiene, and its laws, 410; and its true purpose, 23.

Ice and typhoid fever, 353.

Ideality of life, 22.

Immunity—natural and artificial, 310.

Importance of bacteria, 305.

Impurity of surface water-supply, 140.

Indians and ventilation, 74.

Indirect causes of death, 312.

Infection in pneumonia, 348.

Influenza in the country, 19.

Inlet for fresh air, 78, 81.

Inspection of dairies, 421.

Installation of plumbing, 189.

Intermittent application of sewage on land, 213.

Iron pipe for conveying water, 167.

Irrigation and sickness, 36.

Irritation of cell tissue, 297.

Ithaca typhoid epidemic, 354.

Joints in soil-pipe, 203; in tile pipe, 167.

Kerosene and mosquitoes, 383.

Kewanee Water Supply Co. tanks, 187.

King of ventilation, 86.

King's experiments on ventilation, 70.

Kitchen sinks, 196.

Kitchen stove and hot water, 195.

Koch and consumption, 333.

Land treatment of sewage, 216

Laundry tubs, 196.

Law and hygiene, 410.

Laws against impure food, 416.

Lesions of tuberculosis, 252.

Level for house drain, 200.

Light, as a disinfectant, 330; in cow stables, 62.

Lime for disinfecting, 324.

Liquid disinfectant, 321.

Location, of a house, 29; of a house on a side hill, 32; of privies and cesspools, 31; of windmill, 171.

Long Island wells, 112.

Loss of head by friction, 129.

Lowell typhoid epidemic, 355.

Lungs, air required by the, 68; developed by exercise, 279.

Made ground and health, 37.

Malaria, 302, 377; caused by soil formation, 33; from cellars, 39.

Malarial attacks, 385.

Manure from cow stables, 244.

Maximum rate of water consumption, 95.

Measles, and its virulence, 371; preliminary symptoms, 367.

Meat and its dangers, 249.

Mercury as a disinfectant, 324.

Metchnikoff's theory of auto-intoxication, 233.

Methods of collection of water, 153; of securing fall for hydraulic rams, 175.

Milk, and its adulteration, 419; and its care, 233; and typhoid fever, 358; of lime, 325; supply of Rochester, N. Y., 237.

Milk-pail for clean milk, 245.

Mineral matter in water, 132.

Minimum rainfalls, 100.

Mixing concrete, 66.

Moisture and its dangers, 39.

Montclair typhoid epidemic, 359.

Mosquitoes, and malaria, 380; and yellow fever, 387.

Mount Savage typhoid epidemic, 357.

Mouth breathing, 287.

Muslin cloth to prevent drafts, 81.

Narrow-topped milk-pail, 245.

Natural immunity, 310.

Need for rural hygiene, 21.

Newton, Mass., water used in, 92.

New York State, death-rates in, 6.

Night air and malaria, 26.

Objectionable construction work at a spring reservoir, 154.

Objections to brooks as source of water-supply, 125.

Occupation and disease, 301.

Old age mortality in the country, 20.

Openings for ventilation, size of, 85.

Organic matter, in soil, 38; in the air, 76.

Outfall for cellar drain, 52.

Outlet, for drains, 47; for foul air, 81.

Ownership in streams, 415.

Oxygen in the air, 75.

Oysters and typhoid fever, 361.

Pancreatic juice and digestion, 261.

Parasites as causes of disease, 302.

Pasteurization for typhoid fever, 352.

Patented disinfectants, 317.

Patent medicines, 276.

Peeling, in measles, 373; in scarlet fever, 369.

Pellagra, 391.

Pipe lines, 165.

Plank dam, 159.

Pleasure in eating, 270.

Plumbing, 189; and heating, 190; and water consumption, 93.

Pneumonia, 333; germ, 344; in the country, 20.

Pollution, of streams, 211; of water, 414; of water by animal matter, 136; of wells, 142.

Ponds or lakes as water-supply, 127.

Position of fresh-air inlet, 81.

Precautions on part of consumptive, 337.

Preparation of rabies antitoxin, 309.

Pressure for water-supplies, 128.

Pressure tanks, 186.

Prevention of pneumonia, 346.

Principle of hygienic law, 411.

Privy, construction of, 61.

Process of bacterial attack, 307.

Production of diphtheria antitoxin, 403.

Protection, against mosquitoes, 385; against smallpox, 398.

Proteids in food, 260.

Ptomaines, 250.

Pump for deep well, 106.

Pumping water, 168.

Purity of water-supply, 131.

Quantity of water in stables, 94; of water per person, 92; of water used, 90.

Quarantine, regulations, 422; for scarlet fever, 369.

Quinine and malaria, 378, 386.

Rabies, 406; antitoxin, 309.

Radiators by windows, 79.

Rain-water, storage, 101; supply, 99.

Rates of water consumption, 95.

Rations for daily use, 263.

Register in the ceiling, 85.

Remedies, for consumption, 340; for pneumonia, 347.

Reservoir, for brook supply, 126; on a brook, 102.

Resistance, of body to disease, 297, 308; to tuberculosis, 335.

Rest for consumptives, 340.

Results of measles and scarlet fever, 366.

Rochester and the milk supply, 237.

Rock formations and hygiene, 35.

Roof of spring-chamber, 157.

Rubber boots, 283.

Running trap for main drain, 201.

Rusting of driven-well casing, 119.

Saliva from mouth, 260.

Sand filter beds for sewage, 219.

Scarlet fever, and milk, 240; preliminary symptoms of, 367; quarantine, 369.

Scarlatina, 369.

School vaccination, 412.

Scurvy and fresh vegetables, 266.

Sedimentation of sewage, 227.

Septic tanks, 229.

Sewage disposal, 208.

Sewage-sick land, 214.

Sewage treatment on land, 213.

Sewer pipe in wells, 105.

Sewers and sickness, 36.

Sex and age in disease, 299.

Shallow wells, 113.

Sinks, for kitchen, 196; and their discharges, 214.

Size, of openings for fresh air, 85; of pipe for conveying water, 166; of spring reservoir, 156; of waste weir, 163.

Slaughter-houses, 255.

Sleep, 292.

Smallpox, 396; and chicken pox, 399; instead of chicken pox, 376.

Smoking and its effects, 275.

Soap, as an antiseptic, 326; its relation to hard and soft water, 134.

Soil, air and its exclusion, 49; for disinfection, 331.

Soil-pipe in house, 201.

Somerville typhoid epidemic, 359.

Sources of water-supply, 108.

Space between houses, 30.

Spring-chamber, 157.

Spring, extensions, 123; reservoirs, 155.

Springs, 121; and their formation, 109.

Squirrels, and the bubonic plague, 395; in the attic, 30.

Stables, and dirty milk, 237; and water consumption, 94; for clean milk, 242; space required per cow, 63; ventilation, 86.

Stamford typhoid epidemic, 359.

Steam, for disinfection, 329; pumps, 179.

"Stegomyia mosquito," 386.

Sterilization of milk, 234.

Stone dam, 159.

Storage, on a brook, 102; reservoirs, 127; tank for rain-water, 101.

Stoves used in ventilation, 82.

Strainer for milk-pail, 246.

Stream, pollution, 210; supplies, 158.

Subsurface, irrigation field, 224; sewage disposal, 223.

Sulfur as a disinfectant, 318.

Sunlight as a disinfectant, 331.

Supply tank for domestic plumbing, 192.

Surface use of land for sewage treatment, 216.

Swamps and malaria, 381.

Symptoms of diphtheria, 401, 404; of smallpox, 399; of yellow fever, 387.

Syphons, for automatic discharge, 225; for septic tanks, 229.

Systems of house drainage, 45.

Tanks, for sedimentation, 228; for water storage, 183.

Tannin in tea, 274.

Tapeworm, 303.

Tar, for cellar walls, 53; paper for water-proofing, 54.

Tea as a drink, 273.

Teeth and their care, 291.

Tetanus, 408.

Thymol for hookworm disease, 390.

Tile pipe line, 166.

Tobacco and its effects, 275.

Topography and hygiene, 34.

Toxic action, 308.

Transmission of typhoid fever by polluted water, 145.

Traps for plumbing, 204.

Trap-vents, 203.

Treatment, of hydrophobia, 408; of sewage on land, 213; of smallpox, 400; of typhoid fever, 361.

Trees and the hygienic home, 30.

Trichinosis, 253, 303.

Tuberculosis, 332; and milk, 240; death-rates, 18; in the country, 19; in the United States, 18.

Tuberculous meats, 251.

Typhoid bacillus, 351.

Typhoid fever, 308, 349; and milk, 238; epidemic at Butler, Pa., 146; epidemic at Caterham, England, 145; epidemic at Kerhonkson, N. Y., 150; epidemics, 354; in ice, 353; in New York State, 13; in small cities, 14; in Spanish-American War, 360; rates in the country, 12.

Unadilla Valley and cancer, 34.

Uncinariasis, 389.

Underdrains for sewage disposal, 231.

Underground waters, 109.

Underwear, 281.

United States Department of Agriculture and diseased meat, 251.

University of Pennsylvania radiators, 79.

Use of cement in well walls, 115.

Vaccination, 397.

Variation in maximum rates of water use, 96.

Vegetable, beds and sewage, 218; pollution of water, 135.

Ventilation, 68; experiments on hens, 71; by stoves, 82; of bedrooms, 283; of cellars, 60; of stables, 86; through walls, 72.

Vents for traps at fixtures, 203.

Vitality of the typhoid germ, 352.

Volume, of sewage, 209; of space in cow stables, 63.

Vomiting in whooping cough, 374.

Walls for spring reservoirs, 155, 156.

Wash-basin in bath-room, 199.

Washing, milk-pails, 246; soda for disinfection, 329.

Wash-tubs, 197.

Waste weirs, 163.

Water, in the soil, 38; needed for house, 90; transmission of typhoid fever, 354; used per head, 92; with meals, 272.

Water-closets, 205.

Water-proofing of cellar walls, 58.

Water-supply and intelligence, 91.

Water tanks, 183.

Water-tight masonry for wells, 142.

Weather and pneumonia, 345.

Wells, and cesspools, 31; and typhoid fever, 357; on Long Island, 112.

Well supplies, 104.

Whooping cough, 373.

Will power and sleep, 293.

Windmills, 169, 170.

Windmill with pressure tanks, 188.

Window openings for ventilation, 78.

Winter care for sewage beds, 221.

Wooden tank for water, 193.

Work of a farmer's day, 21.

Worthington pump, 182.

Yellow fever, 386.