Legion III. NASSELLARIA, (continued 15)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.1; length of the fourth joint 0.04, breadth 0.06.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.

24. Lithostrobus lithobotrys, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 17).

Shell slender, conical, smooth, with straight axis, and four deep strictures. Joints of different lengths, gradually increasing towards the mouth, the length of the fifth joint equals half its breadth, and one-third of the length of the whole shell. The single joints bear each four or five transverse rows of small, roundish pores. Cephalis irregularly lobate, with four to six prominent lobes, and the same number of small, conical horns.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.12; length of the fifth joint 0.04, breadth 0.08.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.

Genus 643. Dictyomitra,^[260] Zittel, 1876, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., p. 80.

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta), with conical shell gradually dilated towards the wide open mouth. Cephalis without horn.

The genus Dictyomitra agrees with the preceding Lithostrobus in the slender, conical form of the multiarticulate shell, but differs from it in the absence of a horn on the cephalis; the horn is here completely lost.

Subgenus 1. Dictyomitrella, Haeckel.

Definition.—Shell smooth, with joints nearly equal in length.

1. Dictyomitra articulata, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium articulatum, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 70, Taf. xi. figs. 2, 3.

Shell slender, conical, smooth, with six to eight deep strictures. All joints nearly equal in length, gradually increasing in breadth, the eighth four times as broad as long, and twice as broad as the fourth joint. In each joint three to four transverse series of small, regular, circular pores.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.12, of each joint 0.015; breadth of the fourth joint 0.04, of the eighth joint 0.08.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

2. Dictyomitra macilenta, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium macilentum, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 291, Taf. vii. fig. 15.

Shell slender, conical, smooth, with five to seven deep strictures. All joints nearly equal in length, gradually increasing in breadth, the sixth joint three times as broad as long, and twice as broad as the second. In each joint only two transverse series of small, regular, circular pores.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.08, of each joint 0.012; breadth of the sixth joint 0.036, of the second 0.018.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Stations 200 to 225, in various depths.

3. Dictyomitra conica, n. sp.

Shell widely conical, with six to eight prominent strictures. All joints nearly equal in length, gradually increasing in breadth, the eighth five times as broad as long, and twice as broad as the third. In each joint three to four transverse rows of regular, hexagonal pores. (Similar to Lithostrobus hexagonalis, Pl. 79, fig. 20, but more slender, and without cephalic horn.)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.16, of each joint 0.022; breadth of the sixth 0.08.

Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.

Subgenus 2. Dictyomitrissa, Haeckel.

Definition.—Shell smooth, with joints of very different lengths.

4. Dictyomitra polypora, Zittel.

Dictyomitra polypora, Zittel, 1876, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., p. 80, Taf. ii. fig. 1.

Shell slender, conical, rough, with six to nine deep strictures. Breadth and length of the joints gradually increasing, so that the eighth joint is twice as long and broad as the third. Pores regular, circular, in transverse rows, four rows in each joint, in the last joint five to six rows.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.24; length of the eighth joint 0.04, breadth 0.1; length of the third joint 0.02, breadth 0.05.

Habitat.—Fossil in secondary rocks of Northern Germany (chalk of Brunswick, &c.), Zittel.

5. Dictyomitra eurythorax, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 4).

Lithocampium eurythorax, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437, et Atlas, pl. lxxvii. fig. 4.

Shell campanulate, conical, rough, with three deep strictures. Cephalis small, hemispherical. Thorax large, inflated, hemispherical, with six transverse rows of pores. Abdomen with two broader joints, together as long as the thorax, each with three to four rows of pores.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.14, of the thorax 0.06; breadth of the thorax 0.08, of the last joint 0.1.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.

6. Dictyomitra microcephala, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium microcephalum, Ehrenberg, 1858, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 32; Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1872, p. 291, Taf. xi. fig. 24.

Shell broadly conical, smooth, with six to eight distinct strictures. Breadth of the joints gradually increasing, length unequal. The three first joints short, only one-half or one-third as long as each of the following joints; in each of the former three to four transverse rows, in each of the latter six to eight transverse rows of small, regular, circular pores.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.09, of the three first joints 0.03, of the three following 0.06; breadth of the sixth joint 0.08, of the fourth 0.04.

Habitat.—Mediterranean (Candia) Spratt, depth 1620 fathoms.

7. Dictyomitra demersissima, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium demersissimum, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 291, Taf. vii. fig. 11.

Shell slender, conical, smooth, with four internal septal rings (without external strictures). Breadth of the five joints gradually increasing, length unequal; the third joint the longest, twice as long as the second, and longer than any of the following. Pores very small and numerous, in longitudinal rows.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.09, of the second joint 0.015, of the third 0.03; breadth of the second joint 0.03, of the third 0.05.

Habitat.—Tropical Pacific, Philippine Sea, depth 3300 fathoms.

Subgenus 3. Dictyomitroma, Haeckel.

Definition.—Shell with longitudinal ribs and furrows between them, with joints of different lengths.

8. Dictyomitra costata, n. sp.

Shell slender, conical, with prominent longitudinal ribs, and six to eight deep strictures. Length of the majority of joints nearly equal, the two or three first joints shorter, the last a little longer. In each joint only a single transverse series of pores at the distal end (one pore in each furrow). (Similar to Siphocampe tubulosa, Pl. 79, fig. 13, but conical, and without cephalic tube.)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.16, of each middle joint 0.03, of the first 0.02; breadth of the last joint 0.06.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.

9. Dictyomitra multicostata, Zittel.

Dictyomitra multicostata, Zittel, 1876, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., p. 81, Taf. ii. figs. 2-4.

Shell slender, conical, with prominent longitudinal ribs, and eight to ten deep strictures. Length and breadth of the joints gradually increasing, the eighth joint twice as long and broad as the fourth joint. Pores regular, circular, one series in each longitudinal furrow, three to four pores on each joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.2, of the fourth joint 0.02, of the eighth joint 0.04; breadth of the fourth joint 0.04, of the eighth 0.08.

Habitat.—Fossil in secondary rocks of North Germany (chalk of Brunswick, &c.), Zittel.

Genus 644. Stichocorys,^[261] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438 (sensu emendato).

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with a middle constriction of the shell, the upper half of which is conical, the lower cylindrical. Mouth truncate. Cephalis with a horn.

The genus Stichocorys is intermediate between the two preceding and the two following genera; the upper half of the shell with the three first joints is conical, the lower half with the fourth and the following joints cylindrical, of equal breadth. The third joint of the shell (or the abdomen of Theoconus) is constantly the largest, being broader than all the other joints. Stichocorys is a very common and characteristic form, and may be derived from Theoconus by development of a post-abdomen.

1. Stichocorys wolffii, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 10).

Shell in the upper half (with three joints) thorny, in the lower half (with two joints) smooth. Pores of the former double-contoured, in subregular, transverse rows. Pores of the latter smaller, simple, scarcely scattered. Cephalis with a pyramidal horn of the same length. Thorax with prominent, longitudinal divergent ribs. Dedicated to Caspar Friedrich Wolff (Halle, 1759).

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.16; breadth of the third joint 0.08, of the fourth 0.05.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

2. Stichocorys panderi, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 7).

Shell in the upper conical half (with three joints) spiny, in the lower subcylindrical half (with three joints) smooth. Pores small, circular, irregularly scattered, simple. Cephalis with a conical horn of the same length. No longitudinal ribs. Dedicated to Christian Pander (Würzburg, 1817.)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.18; breadth of the third joint 0.08, of the fourth 0.05.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.

3. Stichocorys baerii, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 8).

Shell in the upper conical half (with three joints) spiny, in the lower cylindrical half (with three joints) sulcate, with prominent longitudinal ribs, alternating with longitudinal rows of small pores. Pores of the upper half smaller, quincuncially disposed. Cephalis with a stout pyramidal horn of the same length. Dedicated to Carl Ernst Baer (Königsberg, 1828).

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2; breadth of the third joint 0.09, of the fourth 0.07.

Habitat.—North Pacific, Station 244, depth 2900 fathoms.

4. Stichocorys okenii, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 5).

Shell smooth, without spines or ribs; the upper conical half (with three joints) about the same length as the lower subcylindrical half (with three joints). Pores subregular, circular, in the inflated third joint twice as large as in the five other joints. At the lumbar stricture (between the second and third joints) a coronal of nine very large pores. Cephalis with a curved horn of half the length. Dedicated to Lorenz Oken (Jena, 1806).

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2; breadth of the third joint 0.09, of the fourth 0.07.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.

5. Stichocorys huschkei, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 3).

Shell in the upper conical half (with three joints) thorny, in the lower cylindrical half (with five joints) smooth, roundish. Pores irregularly scattered, always double-contoured, in the second joint three times as large as in the third. At the third stricture (between the third and fourth joints) a coronal of larger pores. Cephalis with a small, conical horn of half the length. No longitudinal ribs. Dedicated to Emil Huschke (Jena, 1832).

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.18; breadth of the third joint 0.08, of the fourth joint 0.07.

Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 285, depth 2375 fathoms.

6. Stichocorys rathkei, n. sp.

Shell spiny, everywhere covered with short conical spines. The upper conical part of the shell (with three joints) half as long as the lower cylindrical part (with six joints). Pores irregular, roundish, in the thorax twice to three times as large as in the eight other joints. Cephalis with a pyramidal horn of the same length. No longitudinal ribs. Dedicated to Heinrich Rathke (Königsberg, 1839).

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.24; breadth of the third joint 0.08, of the fourth joint 0.06.

Habitat.—North Pacific, Station 253, depth 3125 fathoms.

7. Stichocorys mülleri, n. sp.

Shell in the upper conical part (with three joints) spiny, in the lower cylindrical part (with seven joints) smooth. Pores in the former irregularly scattered, roundish, in the latter circular, regularly disposed in longitudinal series, alternate, with prominent ribs. The upper conical part of the shell is about half as long as the lower cylindrical part. Cephalis with a large, pyramidal horn of three times the length. Dedicated to Johannes Müller (Berlin, 1858).

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.22; breadth of the third joint 0.09, of the fourth joint 0.06.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.

Genus 645. Artostrobus,^[262] n. gen.

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with cylindrical shell, the upper pole of which is rounded, the lower truncate. Cephalis with a horn.

The genus Artostrobus and the following Dictyomitra differ from all the other Stichocorida in the cylindrical or nearly cylindrical form of the shell, all the joints of which are nearly equal in breadth, and are very short, often with a single transverse row of pores only. The first joint or cephalis is usually different from the following, often hemispherical or cap-shaped joints. The last joint is truncate, and has a wide open mouth. Since the constrictions between the single joints are often very slight, some species are very similar to the Dicyrtide Sethocorys.

Subgenus 1. Artostrobulus, Haeckel.

Definition.—A single transverse row of small, circular pores on each joint. (Sometimes on the uppermost joints two or three rows.)

1. Artostrobus annulatus, Haeckel.

Cornutella annulata, Bailey, 1856, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, vol. xxii. pl. i. fig. 5a, 5b.

Eucyrtidium annulatum, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 327.

Shell slender, cylindrical, smooth, without external strictures, but with ten to twenty internal annular septa. On each joint only a single transverse row of small pores. Cephalis hemispherical, with a single or double small horn. Each joint about four times as broad as long.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with twenty joints) 0.2; length of each joint 0.01, breadth 0.04.

Habitat.—Arctic Ocean, Kamtschatka (Bailey); Greenland (Ehrenberg).

2. Artostrobus elegans, Haeckel.

? Eucyrtidium elegans, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 70, pl. xi. fig. 12.

? Eucyrtidium pauperum, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 72, pl. xi. fig. 13.

Shell cylindrical, smooth, with eight to ten internal annular septa. Cephalis subspherical, with a short, conical horn. Thorax campanulate, with two transverse rows of pores. Abdomen with six to eight equal joints, each with a single row of pores. (May be described, perhaps, better as Theocyrtis elegans. Eucyrtidium pauperum, Ehrenberg, loc. cit., may be a variety of this species.)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.1; length of each abdominal joint 0.01, breadth 0.03.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

Subgenus 2. Artostrobium, Haeckel.

Definition.—All (or the majority) of the joints of the shell with several transverse rows of pores, in variable number.

3. Artostrobus auritus, Haeckel.

Lithocampe aurita, Ehrenberg, 1844, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 84.

Lithocampe auricula, Ehrenberg, 1844, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 71.

Eucyrtidium auritum, Ehrenberg, 1854, Mikrogeol., Taf. xxii. fig. 25.

Eucyrtidium auritum, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 104, Taf. iv. fig. 7.

Shell subcylindrical, with five sharp strictures. All six joints nearly equal in length; each with four or five transverse rows of small pores. Cephalis small, flat, hemispherical, with two or three small, conical, oblique horns. Mouth of the sixth joint a little constricted.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.12; length of each joint (on an average) 0.02, breadth 0.04 to 0.05.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily (Grotte, Caltanisetta).

4. Artostrobus biseriatus, n. sp.

Shell cylindrical, smooth, with ten to twelve deep strictures. All joints nearly equal in size; each with two transverse rows of small circular pores. Cephalis hemispherical, with a long, bristle-shaped, curved horn.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.24; length of each joint 0.02, breadth 0.04.

Habitat.—Tropical Atlantic, Station 348, depth 2450 fathoms.

5. Artostrobus articulatus, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 16).

Shell subcylindrical, with elegant longitudinal ribs and five sharp strictures. All six joints nearly equal in length, each with three or four transverse rows of small circular pores. The middle joints twice as broad as long. Cephalis hemispherical with a conical, oblique horn.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.16, length of a single joint 0.02 to 0.03, breadth 0.04 to 0.05.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Stations 270 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925 fathoms.

Genus 646. Lithomitra,^[263] Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., p. 529.

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with cylindrical shell, the upper pole of which is rounded, the lower truncate. Cephalis without horn.

The genus Lithomitra differs from the preceding genus Artostrobus in the absence of a cephalic horn, and therefore bears to it the same relation as Dictyomitra does to Lithostrobus. In many species the joints are very short, and bear only a single transverse row of pores, and since the constrictions between the joints are often very slight, Lithomitra becomes very similar to the Dicyrtide Dictyocephalus.

Subgenus 1. Lithomitrella, Haeckel.

Definition.—A single transverse row of small circular pores on each joint. (Sometimes on the uppermost joints two or three rows.)

1. Lithomitra pachyderma, Bütschli.

Lithomitra pachyderma, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., Vol. xxxvi. p. 529.

Eucyrtidium pachyderma, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 72, Taf. xi. fig. 21.

Eucyrtidium imbricatum, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 72, Taf. xi. fig. 22.

Shell thick-walled, subcylindrical, with longitudinal ribs, slightly dilated in the middle, with ten to twelve subequal joints. On the lower edge of each joint a single row of small circular pores. No external strictures. This and the following species (though separated by Ehrenberg as four different species) may be united.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.11; length of each joint 0.01 to 0.012, breadth 0.04.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

2. Lithomitra acephala, Bütschli.

Lithomitra acephala, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol. xxxvi. p. 529.

Eucyrtidium acephalum, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 70, Taf. xi. fig. 5.

Eucyrtidium obstipum, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 70, Taf. xi. fig. 17.

Shell nearly cylindrical, smooth, thick-walled, with twelve to sixteen subequal joints. On each joint a single row of small circular pores. No external strictures. Scarcely differing from the preceding species; the joints are broader and shorter, the cephalis is larger (by union of some joints?), and the ribs of the surface less distinct.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.1; length of each joint 0.006 to 0.009, breadth 0.04.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

3. Lithomitra lineata, Haeckel.

Lithocampe lineata, Ehrenberg (partim), 1838, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 130; Mikrogeol., 1854, Taf. xxii. fig. 26.

Lithocampe lineata, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 316.

Eucyrtidium lineatum, Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 43; Mikrogeol., 1854, Taf. xxxvi. fig. 16; Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1875, p. 72, Taf. xi. fig. 9.

Dictyomitra lineata, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 101, Taf. iii. fig. 22.

Shell subcylindrical, smooth, with longitudinal ribs, and four to eight slight transverse strictures. Cephalis small, subspherical, with few small pores. Thorax broader, with two or three transverse rows of pores. Each succeeding (abdominal) joint with a single transverse row of small pores. Variable and nearly related to the two preceding species (compare my Monograph, loc. cit.).

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six to eight joints) 0.06 to 0.08; length of each joint (on an average) 0.01, breadth 0.03.

Habitat.—Cosmopolitan; Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, in various depths; many stations; fossil in Secondary and Tertiary rocks of many places.

4. Lithomitra nodosaria, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 1).

Shell subcylindrical, with longitudinal ribs, and five to eight transverse strictures, and prominent girdles between them. On each girdle (at the lowermost edge of each joint) a single transverse row of circular pores. The three or four uppermost joints are united, and represent a conical cephalis.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.1; length of each joint 0.01 to 0.15, breadth 0.04 to 0.06.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 263 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925 fathoms.

5. Lithomitra eruca, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 3).

Shell subcylindrical, diminishing slightly towards both ends, with ten to fifteen slight strictures. On each joint a single transverse row of circular pores, descending obliquely in the wall. The two or three first joints form together a roundish cephalis. Usually each joint is three times as broad as long.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.2; length of each joint (on an average) 0.016, breadth 0.05.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265 to 268, depth 2700 to 2900 fathoms; fossil in Barbados.

6. Lithomitra chrysalis, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 4).

Shell subcylindrical, diminishing slightly towards both ends, with elegant longitudinal ribs, and with five to eight slight strictures. Each of the upper joints with two (or sometimes three) transverse rows of small pores; each of the lower joints with only a single row.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.11; length of each joint 0.01 to 0.015, breadth 0.04 to 0.05.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.

Subgenus 2. Lithomitrissa, Haeckel.

Definition.—All (or the majority) of the joints of the shell with several transverse rows of pores, in variable number.

7. Lithomitra cylindrica, n. sp.

Shell cylindrical, smooth, with twelve to sixteen internal septal rings (without external strictures). On each joint two transverse rows of small, regular, circular pores. The hemispherical cephalis also has two rows of pores. Each joint is twice as broad as long.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with sixteen joints) 0.3; length of each joint 0.02, breadth 0.04.

Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 297, depth 1775 fathoms.

8. Lithomitra costata, Haeckel.

Dictyomitra costata, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 101, Taf. iii. fig. 23.

Shell with longitudinal ribs, in the upper half conical, in the lower half cylindrical, with six to eight slight strictures. Small, circular pores in regular transverse rows; three rows in each upper joint, two rows in each lower joint (the last joints sometimes confluent).

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.15; length of each joint 0.017 to 0.023, breadth 0.04 to 0.05.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily; Grotte (Stöhr), Caltanisetta (Haeckel).

9. Lithomitra punctata, Haeckel.

Lithocampe punctata, Ehrenberg, 1844, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 84.

Eucyrtidium punctatum, Ehrenberg, 1854, Mikrogeol., Taf. xxii. fig. 24.

Dictyomitra punctata, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 101, Taf. iii. fig. 24.

Shell subcylindrical, smooth, with four to six distinct strictures. Cephalis small, subspherical. Thorax campanulate-conical. Abdomen cylindrical, with three to four equal joints. In each joint five to six transverse rows of small, circular pores, quincuncially disposed.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.1; length of each joint (except the first) 0.02, breadth 0.05.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily; Caltanisetta (Ehrenberg), Grotte (Stöhr).

10. Lithomitra seriolata, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium seriolatum, Ehrenberg, 1858, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 33.

Lithocampe seriolata, Haeckel, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 316.

Shell subcylindrical, smooth, with four to six sharp strictures. Cephalis small, hemispherical. Thorax conical. Abdomen cylindrical, with three to five different joints of alternate sizes. Small circular pores in transverse rows; three or four rows in the third and fifth joints, seven or eight rows in the second, fourth, and sixth joints.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.1; length of the second and fourth joints 0.03, of the third and fifth joints 0.015.

Habitat.—Mediterranean, Crete (Ehrenberg), Corfu (Haeckel).

11. Lithomitra hyperborea, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium hyperboreum, Bailey, 1856, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, vol. xxii., pl. i. fig. 10.

Lithocampe hyperborea, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 315.

Shell cylindrical, with prominent longitudinal ribs and six deep strictures. Cephalis hemispherical. On each joint three to four transverse rows of small, obsolete pores. Each joint is about twice as broad as long.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.12; length of each joint 0.02, breadth 0.04.

Habitat.—Arctic and Northern Pacific, Kamtschatka (Bailey).

12. Lithomitra australis, Haeckel.

Lithocampe australis, Ehrenberg, 1844, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 187.

Lithocampe australis, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 315.

Eucyrtidium australe, Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 43; Mikrogeol., 1854, Taf. xxxv., A 21, fig. 18.

Shell subcylindrical, smooth, with five deep strictures. The two middle joints somewhat larger than the two proximal and the two distal joints. Pores small, circular, in regular, transverse rows; two rows in the first and the sixth joints, five rows in the second and the fifth, seven or eight rows in the third and fourth joints. The two latter are twice as broad as long.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.14; length of the four smaller joints 0.017, of the two larger joints 0.035; breadth 0.06.

Habitat.—Antarctic Sea (lat. 78° 10′ S., long. 162° W.) Ross.

13. Lithomitra eminens, Haeckel.

Lithocampe eminens, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 102, Taf. iv. fig. 2.

Shell subcylindrical, rough, with seven slight strictures. The two or three middle joints half as long as the two preceding and the two following joints. Cephalis small, subspherical. Pores small, in subregular, transverse rows, on the fifth and sixth joints only two rows, on the second, third, seventh, and eighth joints four to five rows.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.27; length of the fifth and sixth joints 0.17, of the others 0.03 to 0.04; breadth 0.08.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily, Grotte (Stöhr).

14. Lithomitra infundibulum, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 5).

Shell in the upper half subconical, in the lower half subcylindrical, rough, with four slight strictures. Cephalis hemispherical. Thorax conical. Abdomen subcylindrical, three-jointed. Pores of the second, third, and fourth joints funnel-shaped, with very small inner, and larger double-contoured outer aperture; on the thorax twelve transverse rows, on the third and fourth joints five rows. Fifth joint with irregular, polygonal pores.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.2; length of the thorax 0.06, breadth 0.08; length of each abdominal joint 0.04, breadth 0.08.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.

Genus 647. Eucyrtidium,^[264] Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 54.

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiate aperta) with ovate or spindle-shaped shell, the mouth of which is constricted, but not prolonged into a tube. Cephalis with a solid horn.

The genus Eucyrtidium (as here stated in the definition) and the three following nearly allied genera differ from the preceding Stichocorida in the more or less constricted mouth, and the consequent ovate or spindle-form of the multiarticulate shell. The middle joints of the latter are broader than the upper and the lower joints. In the earlier definition given in my Monograph (1862, pp. 312 to 320), the genus had a much wider sense; but the very large number of species since detected requires a more strict definition. Ehrenberg confounded in his genus Eucyrtidium a large number of very different Cyrtoidea. In his last works (1872, 1875) he described not less than one hundred and eleven species, fifty-five fossil and fifty-six living (eight fossil species being yet living). But, in reality, these one hundred and three species belong to twenty or twenty-two very different genera of Cyrtoidea.

Subgenus 1. Eucyrtis, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.

Definition.—All joints of the shell nearly of the same length (excepting often the first). Surface smooth or rough, without spines.

1. Eucyrtidium acuminatum, Ehrenberg.

Eucyrtidium acuminatum, Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 43; Mikrogeol., 1854, Taf. xii. fig. 27.

Eucyrtidium acuminatum, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 104, Taf. iv. fig. 6.

Eucyrtidium acuminatum, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 326.

Lithocampe acuminata, Ehrenberg, 1844, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 84.

Shell smooth, slender, nearly spindle-shaped, without external strictures, but with eight to nine internal septal rings. All joints (except the first) nearly of the same length (or the upper somewhat longer). The fifth joint is the broadest. Cephalis small, subspherical, with a short, conical horn. Pores very small and numerous, regular, hexagonal, four to six on the length of each joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.14; length of each joint about 0.02; greatest breadth, in the fifth joint, 0.07.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily (Caltanisetta, Grotte, &c.).

2. Eucyrtidium tropezianum, Haeckel.

Lithocampe tropeziana, J. Müller, 1858, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 42, Taf. vii. figs. 4, 5, 6.

Lithocampe tropeziana, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 326.

Shell smooth, slender, nearly spindle-shaped, without external strictures, but with seven or eight internal septal rings. All joints of the same length. The fifth and sixth joints are the broadest. Cephalis hemispherical, with a pyramidal horn of the same length. Pores very small and numerous, regular, circular, hexagonally framed, five to six in the length of each joint. (Very near to the preceding species, but more regular, and with different pores.)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.16, length of each joint 0.02; greatest breadth (in the fifth joint) 0.07.

Habitat.—Mediterranean, French shore, St. Tropez (J. Müller), surface.

3. Eucyrtidium hexagonatum, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 11).

Shell smooth, ovate, with six to seven internal septal rings. All joints (except the first) nearly of the same length; the sixth joint is the broadest. The seventh and eighth joints (broken off in the specimen figured) gradually decrease toward the constricted mouth, which is as broad as the septum between the third and fourth joints. Cephalis and thorax together pear-shaped, with circular pores, sharp lumbar stricture, and a stout, pyramidal horn of the same length. The five or six abdominal joints with regular, hexagonal pores, six or seven in course of the length of each joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.2, length of each joint 0.025 to 0.03; greatest breadth (in the sixth joint) 0.1.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Stations 266 to 272, depth 2425 to 2925 fathoms.

4. Eucyrtidium fusiforme, n. sp.

Shell smooth, slender, spindle-shaped, without external strictures, but with ten to twelve internal septal rings. All joints of the same length; the sixth joint is the broadest. Cephalis conical, with a pyramidal horn of the same length. Pores regular, circular, four or five in course of the length of each joint. (Differs from all other species of the genus in the regular, slender, spindle form; the constricted mouth of the last joint is half as broad as the sixth joint.)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.24, length of each joint 0.02; greatest breadth (on the sixth joint) 0.06, of the mouth 0.03.

Habitat.—Indian Ocean, Maldive Islands (Haeckel, 1882), surface.

5. Eucyrtidium doliolum, n. sp.

Shell smooth, barrel-shaped, or nearly spindle-shaped, with eight or nine distinct strictures. All joints (except the first) of the same length; the fourth joint is the broadest. Cephalis small, subspherical, with two short, divergent, conical horns. Pores regular, circular, hexagonally framed, three to four in course of the length of each joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.2, length of each joint 0.022; greatest breadth (in the fourth joint) 0.08.

Habitat.—South Atlantic, Station 332, depth 2200 fathoms.

Subgenus 2. Stichocyrtis, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.

Definition.—All joints of the shell nearly of the same length (excepting often the first). Surface spiny.

6. Eucyrtidium spinosum, n. sp.

Shell spiny, slender, ovate, without external strictures, but with seven or eight internal septal rings. Conical spines of different lengths are scattered over the whole surface. All joints have nearly the same length; the sixth is the broadest. Cephalis conical, with one large and two or three smaller conical horns. Mouth constricted, half as broad as the shell. Pores irregular, roundish, double-edged, three to four on the length of each joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.16, length of each joint 0.02; greatest breadth (on the sixth joint) 0.06.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.

7. Eucyrtidium chrysalidium, n. sp.

Shell spiny, spindle-shaped, with four to five slight strictures, above each stricture a circle or girdle of conical spines (as in the similar Cyrtophormis cingulata, Pl. 78, fig. 18). All joints (except the first) have the same length. Cephalis subspherical, with a bunch of divergent spines. Mouth constricted, only one-third as broad as the third joint, which is the broadest. Pores subregular, circular, four to five on the length of each joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.18, length of each joint 0.032; greatest breadth 0.08.

Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 302, depth 1450 fathoms.

Subgenus 3. Artocyrtis, Haeckel.

Definition.—Joints of the shell of very different lengths. Surface smooth or rough, without spines.

8. Eucyrtidium profundissimum, Ehrenberg.

Eucyrtidium profundissimum, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 293, Taf. vii. fig. 12.

Shell smooth, campanulate, ovate, with three internal septal rings. Four joints of different lengths. Cephalis subspherical, with a small bristle-shaped horn. Thorax campanulate, nearly twice as long as each of the two following joints, which are nearly equal in breadth. Terminal mouth wide open, little constricted. Pores very small and numerous, regular, hexagonal.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.12; length of the thorax 0.05, breadth 0.07.

Habitat.—Pacific; many Stations (Stations 206, 225, 253, 265, &c.), in depths between 2000 and 4000 fathoms.

9. Eucyrtidium anthophorum, Haeckel.

Thyrsocyrtis anthophora, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 84, Taf. xii. fig. 9.

Shell smooth, slender, ovate, with three slight strictures. Four joints of different lengths. Cephalis subspherical, with a stout, club-shaped, spinulate or branched horn of the same length. Second campanulate and third subcylindrical joint about equal in size. Fourth joint only half as long, with slightly constricted mouth (broken off in Ehrenberg's figure). Pores small and numerous, regular, circular, quincuncial.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.12; length of the second and of the third joints 0.04, breadth 0.05 to 0.06.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

10. Eucyrtidium hertwigii, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 12).

Shell smooth, ovate, truncate, with three distinct strictures. Four joints of different lengths. Cephalis campanulate, with an internal rod-cross, and a stout pyramidal horn of the same length. Second joint campanulate. Third joint larger, subcylindrical, with a variable number of irregular, longitudinal ribs, some of which are prolonged into the second and fourth joints. The latter is only half as long, and slightly constricted towards the mouth. Pores small and numerous, subregular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.22. Length of the single joints, a 0.03, b 0.06, c 0.08, d 0.05; breadth, a 0.03, b 0.1, c 0.12, d 0.11.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.

11. Eucyrtidium lagena, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium lagena, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 325, Taf. iv. fig. 11.

Lithocampe lagena, Haeckel, 1860, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 839.

Shell smooth, bottle-shaped, with three distinct strictures. Four joints of different sizes. Cephalis small, spherical, with a bristle-shaped horn of the same length. Second joint conical, third subcylindrical, fourth inflated, with slightly constricted mouth; their lengths about equal. Pores subregular, hexagonal, large, with thin bars.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.16; length of each of the three lower joints about 0.05, breadth 0.05 to 0.064.

Habitat.—Mediterranean (Messina).

12. Eucyrtidium teuscheri, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 5).

Shell smooth, bottle-shaped, with three distinct strictures. Four joints of different lengths. The third joint four times as long as each of the two first joints, and longer than the fourth, which is little constricted towards the mouth. The greatest breadth is in the middle of the shell. Cephalis hemispherical, with a small, conical horn of the same length. Pores large, circular, of variable sizes. Dedicated to Dr. Reinhold Teuscher.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.16. Length of the single joints, a 0.015, b 0.02, c 0.07, d 0.055; breadth, a 0.03, b 0.05, c 0.08, d 0.06.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Stations 266 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925 fathoms.

13. Eucyrtidium bütschlii, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 7).

Shell rough, slender, ovate, truncate, with three distinct strictures. Four joints of different lengths; the third is the largest, inflated, subspherical. Fourth joint subcylindrical, little constricted towards the truncate mouth. Cephalis hemispherical, with a small, conical horn. Pores circular, much larger in the third joint than in the three others.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.16. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.03, c 0.06, d 0.05; breadth, a 0.03, b 0.07, c 0.09, d 0.07.

Habitat.—North Pacific, Station 244, depth 2900 fathoms.

14. Eucyrtidium galatheæ, Ehrenberg.

Eucyrtidium galatheæ, Ehrenberg, 1854, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 242.

Shell smooth, campanulate, with three deep strictures. Four joints of different lengths; the fourth joint is the broadest, twice as long as the third and the second, three times as long as the hemispherical cephalis, which bears a stout, pyramidal, oblique horn of twice the length. Mouth little constricted. Pores regular, circular, in transverse rows, three rows in each of the three first joints, five or six rows in the last joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.12; length of the fourth joint 0.05, breadth 0.07.

Habitat.—Tropical Atlantic, Station 347, depth 2250 fathoms.

15. Eucyrtidium galea, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium galea, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 324, Taf. vii. figs. 8-10.

Lithocampe galea, Haeckel, 1860, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 838.

Shell smooth, helmet-shaped, with four sharp strictures. Five joints of different lengths. Cephalis small, spherical, with a thin pyramidal horn of the same length. Second joint conical, about as long as the third, longer than the fourth and the fifth joints. The third joint is the broadest. Pores regular, circular, small and numerous.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.18; length of the second and the third joints 0.05, of the fourth 0.03; breadth 0.08 to 0.1.

Habitat.—Mediterranean (Messina), surface.

16. Eucyrtidium eruca, Ehrenberg.

Eucyrtidium eruca, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 70, Taf. x. fig. 13.

Shell smooth, slender, ovate, or nearly spindle-shaped, with four sharp strictures. Five joints of different lengths, the third and fourth nearly equal, twice as long as the fifth, one and a half times as long as the second; the fourth joint is the broadest. Mouth little constricted. Cephalis subspherical, with a small, conical horn. Pores small and numerous, subregular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.12 to 0.14; length of the third and the fourth joints, 0.03 to 0.04, breadth 0.04 to 0.05.

Habitat.—Cosmopolitan; Atlantic, Pacific, in different depths; also fossil in Barbados and Sicily.

17. Eucyrtidium montiparum, Ehrenberg.

Eucyrtidium montiparum, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 72, Taf. ix. fig. 11.

Shell rough, nearly spindle-shaped, with five deep strictures. Six joints of different lengths, the third and fourth nearly equal, longer than the fifth and the sixth joints; the fourth joint is the broadest. Mouth slightly constricted. Cephalis very small, hemispherical, hyaline, with a short, conical horn. Pores subregular, circular, twice as broad as in the similar smaller preceding species.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2; length of the third and the fourth joints 0.05, breadth 0.07 to 0.08.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

18. Eucyrtidium cienkowskii, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 9).

Shell smooth, subconical, with five distinct strictures. Six joints of different lengths; the third joint conical, one and a half to two times as long as each of the other joints; the fifth joint is the broadest. Mouth wide, very slightly constricted. Cephalis hemispherical, with an oblique pyramidal horn of the same length. Pores regular, circular, in dense transverse rows; five to six rows in each of the three last joints, eight to nine rows in the third joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.16, length of the third joint 0.04, of each following joint 0.02; greatest breadth (in the fifth joint) 0.08.

Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.

19. Eucyrtidium elongatum, Stöhr.

Eucyrtidium elongatum, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 105, Taf. iv. fig. 10.

Shell rough, slender, nearly spindle-shaped, variable in size and form, with six to seven distinct strictures. Seven to eight joints of different lengths, often alternately longer and shorter. The second and the last joints are the longest, the third is the broadest. Mouth slightly constricted (broken off in Stöhr's figure). Cephalis small, subspherical, with a small, oblique, curved horn. Pores irregular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.2; length of the single joints, between 0.02 and 0.04, breadth 0.06 to 0.08.

Habitat.—Fossil in Sicily (Grotte, Caltanisetta).

20. Eucyrtidium stöhrii, n. sp.

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, gradually diminishing towards both ends, with eight to ten distinct strictures. Nine to eleven joints of different lengths; the two or three middle joints—fifth, sixth, and seventh—longer and broader than the other joints; the broadest is the fifth joint, which is twice to three times as long as the first and last joints. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn of the same length. Terminal mouth strongly constricted, one-half or one-third as broad as the fifth joint. Pores small, regular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.22; length of the largest (fifth joint) 0.03, breadth 0.09.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Stations 270 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925 fathoms.

21. Eucyrtidium scalarium, n. sp.

Shell smooth, slender, ovate, with nine to ten deep strictures, and ten to eleven separate step-like joints of different lengths. The sixth joint is the longest, twice as long as the fourth, and three times as long as the third and the last joint; the seventh and eighth joints are the broadest, one and a half times as broad as the wide mouth. Cephalis hemispherical, with a short pyramidal horn of the same length. Pores small and numerous, subregular, square, in regular transverse rows; six rows in the sixth joint, three rows in the last joint. (Somewhat similar to Spirocyrtis scalaris, Pl. 76, fig. 14, but ovate, not conical and not spiral.)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eleven joints) 0.22, breadth 0.11; length of the last joint 0.01, of the sixth 0.03.

Habitat.—North Atlantic, Station 64, surface.

Subgenus 4. Acanthocyrtis, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.

Definition.—Joints of the shell of very different lengths. Surface spiny.

22. Eucyrtidium tricinctum, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 13).

Shell spiny, spindle-shaped, with three distinct strictures. Four joints of different lengths, the first and third half as long as the second and fourth; the third joint is the broadest, four times as broad as the strongly constricted mouth. Spines irregularly scattered over the lower half of the shell, increasing in size towards the mouth. Pores subregular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.25. Length of the single joints, a 0.03, b 0.08, c 0.04, d 0.09; breadth (of the third joint) 0.1.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

23. Eucyrtidium armatum, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 14).

Shell spiny, spindle-shaped, with three distinct strictures. Four joints of different lengths, the second and third joints of the same length, shorter than the fourth joint; the third joint is the broadest, four times as broad as the strongly constricted mouth. The latter, as well as the conical cephalis, is armed with an irregular bunch of strong conical spines, while numerous smaller spines are scattered over the whole surface. Pores irregular, roundish, double-contoured.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.05, c 0.05, d 0.08; breadth (of the third joint) 0.1.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 224, depth 1850 fathoms.

24. Eucyrtidium conostoma, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 16).

Shell spiny, spindle-shaped, with four distinct strictures. Five joints of different lengths, having the proportion = 1 : 2 : 3 : 6 : 10. The fourth joint is the broadest, inflated, twice as broad as long. Cephalis small, with a conical horn of the same length. Fifth joint inversely conical, with a narrow mouth, broader than the cephalis. Short conical spines are scattered over the whole surface. Pores subregular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.22. Length of the single joints, a 0.01, b 0.02, c 0.03, d 0.06, e 0.1; breadth (of the fourth joint) 0.09.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.

25. Eucyrtidium ehrenbergii, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 15).

Shell spiny, spindle-shaped, with four distinct strictures (the first and the fourth are by a mistake not distinctly figured). Five joints of different lengths, having the proportion = 2 : 3 : 4 : 2 : 5. The third joint is the broadest, twice as broad as long, and twice as broad as the constricted mouth. Whole surface covered with strong spines. Pores irregular, roundish.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.16. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.03, c 0.04, d 0.02, e 0.05; breadth (in the third joint) 0.08.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 220, depth 1100 fathoms.

26. Eucyrtidium ovatum, n. sp.

Shell spiny, inversely ovate, with five sharp strictures. Six joints of different lengths, having the proportion = 1 : 3 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 3. The third joint is the broadest, three times as broad as the constricted mouth. Cephalis with a stout pyramidal horn of the same length. Whole surface spiny. Pores irregular, roundish.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.22. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.06, c 0.04, d 0.02, e 0.02, f 0.06; breadth (in the third joint) 0.11.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.

Genus 648. Eusyringium,^[265] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with ovate or spindle-shaped shell, the mouth of which is constricted, and prolonged into a terminal cylindrical tube. Cephalis with a solid horn.

The genus Eusyringium differs from the preceding closely allied genus Eucyrtidium in the peculiar formation of the last shell-joint, representing a narrow, cylindrical, fenestrated tube. It exhibits, therefore, to the latter the same relation as Theosyringium bears to Theocorys.

Subgenus 1. Eusyringartus, Haeckel.

Definition.—Shell with three strictures and four joints; the third joint is the largest, inflated, and much broader than the three others.

1. Eusyringium conosiphon, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 10).

Shell with four joints, very thick-walled, rough. Cephalis hemispherical, with a very stout, smooth, three-sided pyramidal horn of the same length and breadth. Thorax hemispherical. Third joint subspherical, three times as long, and twice as broad as the thorax, and of the same length as the slender, inversely conical fourth joint. Pores in the three first joints subregular, circular, in the fourth joint irregular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.25. Length of the single joint a 0.02, b 0.03, c 0.1, d 0.1; breadth 0.12.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.

2. Eusyringium pachysiphon, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 11).

Shell with four joints, very thick-walled, rough. Cephalis conical, with a thick, dimpled, conical horn of the same length. Thorax hemispherical. Third joint inflated, subspherical, and fourth joint slender, inversely conical, as in the similar preceding species. Differs from the latter mainly in the form of the cephalic horn, and the cylindrical tube of the last joint. Pores subregular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.3. Length of the single joints, a 0.03, b 0.03, c 0.12, d 0.12; breadth 0.15.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

3. Eusyringium macrosiphon, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 12).

Shell with four joints, thick-walled, rough. Cephalis subspherical with a large, dimpled, conical horn of twice the length. The three following joints nearly of the same shape as in the two similar preceding species. It differs from these in the smaller size, the larger cephalic horn, and the longer tube of the fourth joint, which is twice as long as the subspherical third joint (in the figure the lower half is broken off). Pores subregular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.3. Length of the single joints, a 0.03, b 0.03, c 0.08, d 0.16; breadth 0.09.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.

4. Eusyringium leptosiphon, n. sp.

Shell with four joints, thin-walled, smooth. Cephalis subspherical, with a large, dimpled, slender, conical horn of three times the length. Thorax hemispherical. Third joint ovate, four times as long as the thorax, and of the same length as the thin, cylindrical tube of the fourth joint. Differs from the three preceding species in the more slender form and the thinness of the tube. Pores irregular, roundish.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.33. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.03, c 0.13, d 0.15; breadth 0.1.

Habitat.—Tropical Atlantic, Station 347, depth 2250 fathoms.

5. Eusyringium sipho, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium sipho, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 72, Taf. ix. fig. 2.

Shell with four joints, thick-walled, smooth. Cephalis subspherical, hyaline, without pores, with a thick, conical horn of twice the length. Thorax hemispherical. Third joint ovate, four times as long as the thorax, and of the same length as the thin, cylindrical fourth joint. Pores subregular, circular, in the fourth joint twice as broad as in the third, and three times as broad as in the second joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.22. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.02, c 0.09, d 0.09; breadth 0.08.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

6. Eusyringium fistuligerum, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium fistuligerum, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 70, Taf ix. fig. 3.

Shell with four joints, thin-walled, smooth. Cephalis subspherical, with numerous very small pores, and a stout, pyramidal horn of the same length. Thorax hemispherical. Third joint subspherical, four times as long as the thorax, and of the same length as the slender, inversely conical or cylindrical, fourth joint. Pores irregular, roundish or circular, in the fourth joint twice as broad as in the two preceding joints.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.02, c 0.08, d 0.08; breadth 0.09.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

Subgenus 2. Eusyringoma, Haeckel.

Definition.—Shell with four or more strictures, and five or more joints; the last joint is strongly constricted, and forms a narrow cylindrical tube.

7. Eusyringium lagenoides, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium lagenoides, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 104, Taf. iv. fig. 8.

Shell with five joints, and four sharp strictures, nearly spindle-shaped. The third joint is twice as long as the second and the fourth. Cephalis small, cap-shaped, with a thin conical horn of the same length. The fifth joint is in Stöhr's figure broken off, but well conserved in a specimen from Caltanisetta, and represents a slender cylindrical tube, with few pores, half as long as the shell. Pores small, subregular, circular, quincuncial.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.24, breadth 0.08; length of the third joint 0.06, of the second and the fourth 0.03, of the fifth 0.1; breadth of the basal tube 0.027.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily (Grotte, Caltanisetta).

8. Eusyringium rhaphanus, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium rhaphanus, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 106, Taf. iv. fig. 12.

Shell with six or seven joints of very different lengths, in the upper half campanulate, in the lower cylindrical. The second and the two last joints are the longest. Cephalis small, subspherical, with a short conical horn. The last joint is a narrow cylindrical tube of variable length, scarcely one-fourth as broad as the preceding joints. Pores in the upper joints regular, circular, in the lower irregular, roundish.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.2, breadth 0.1; length of the second and last joints 0.03 to 0.04; breadth of the basal tube 0.025.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily (Grotte).

9. Eusyringium siphonostoma, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 14).

Shell with eight joints, in the upper half slender, conical, in the lower half cylindrical. The single joints are separated by seven internal annular septa. The third and the seventh joints are the largest, twice as long as the three intercalated joints. Cephalis small, cap-shaped, with a conical horn of twice the length. The last joint (broken off in the specimen figured) is a narrow cylindrical tube, one-third as long and one-third as broad as the shell. Pores regular, circular, quincuncial.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.24, breadth 0.08; length of the single joints 0.02 to 0.04; breadth of the basal tube 0.03.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.

10. Eusyringium cannostoma, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 13).

Shell with nine or ten joints, slender ovate. The single joints are separated by eight or nine internal annular septa. The third joint is the longest, about twice or three times as long as each following joint. Cephalis hemispherical, with a curved, conical horn of the same length. The last joint is a narrow, cylindrical tube, about as long as the third joint, but only one-fourth as broad. Pores small, regular, circular, quincuncially disposed, and hexagonally framed.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.22, breadth 0.08; length of the third joint 0.04, of the other joints 0.01 to 0.02, of the basal tube 0.04; breadth of the latter 0.02.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.

Genus 649. Siphocampe,^[266] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with ovate or spindle-shaped shell, the mouth of which is constricted, but not prolonged into a tube. Cephalis with an oblique, open, apical tube.

The genus Siphocampe differs from the closely allied genera Lithocampe and Eucyrtidium in a very remarkable character, viz., the development of a hollow cylindrical tube on the cephalis. This probably serves for the emission of a bunch of pseudopodia. It has the same position and the same oblique direction on the cephalis as the solid apical horn of Eucyrtidium.

Subgenus 1. Siphocampula, Haeckel.

Definition.—All joints of the shell (excepting the first) are nearly equal in length.

1. Siphocampe tubulosa, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 13).

Shell slender nearly spindle-shaped, with eight deep transverse strictures, and elegant longitudinal ribs. Nine joints slightly different in length and shape. Cephalis flat, cap-shaped, with three or four transverse rows of small pores, and a cylindrical, oblique tubule of twice the length. Each successive joint with a single transverse row of regular, circular pores at its lower edge, separated by divergent, longitudinal ribs. Last joint shorter, with a hyaline annular peristome of the same length. Mouth half as broad as the middle part of the shell.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.24; length of each joint (on an average) 0.02 to 0.03; breadth 0.08.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

2. Siphocampe annulosa, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 10).

Shell slender, subcylindrical, with nine slight transverse strictures, and interrupted longitudinal ribs. Ten joints nearly equal in length and shape, excepting the two first, which together form a hemispherical cephalothorax, with six to eight transverse rows of pores. Tubule of the cephalis short and wide, truncate, conical. Each of the eight abdominal joints with a single transverse row of small pores. Mouth constricted, without tubulose peristome, half as broad as the shell.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.18; length of each joint (on an average) 0.02, breadth 0.07.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 274, depth 2750 fathoms.

3. Siphocampe caminosa, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 12).

Shell slender, subcylindrical, with six deep transverse strictures. Seven joints nearly equal in length and breadth. Cephalis hemispherical, with an oblique, cylindrical tubule of twice the length (in the figure the greater part is broken away). Small circular pores in transverse rows and in variable number; usually three rows in the first and the last joint, five rows in the fourth joint, four rows in each of the other joints. Mouth constricted, with a short tubulose peristome, only one-third as broad as the shell.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.18; length of each joint (on an average) 0.025, breadth 0.055.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.

4. Siphocampe erucosa, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 11).

Shell slender, nearly spindle-shaped, with five slight transverse strictures. Six joints nearly equal in length. The two first joints are united, and form together a hemispherical cephalothorax, with a short, oblique, cylindrical tubule. Pores regular, circular, double-contoured, in regular, transverse rows; two rows in the first and the last joints, four rows in each of the four middle joints. Mouth constricted, without peristome, only one-third as broad as the shell.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.14; length of each joint (on an average) 0.02, breadth 0.07.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 270, depth 2925 fathoms.

Subgenus 2. Siphocampium, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.

Definition.—The joints of the shell are very different in length.

5. Siphocampe quadrantalis, n. sp.

Shell nearly spindle-shaped, with three deep strictures. Four joints of very different lengths. Cephalis subspherical with an oblique cylindrical tubule of twice the length, and with few small pores. Thorax ovate, half as long as the shell, with twelve transverse rows of small pores. Abdomen with two short joints, each of which has two transverse rows of pores. Mouth constricted, one-third as broad as the thorax.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18; length of the thorax 0.1, breadth 0.08.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific; North Coast of New Guinea, Station 220, depth 1100 fathoms.

6. Siphocampe spiralis, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 14).

Shell nearly spindle-shaped, with eight slight strictures. Nine joints of very different lengths. Cephalis subspherical, with an oblique cylindrical tubule of the same length, and numerous small pores. Thorax conical, one-fourth as long as the shell, with eight transverse rows of small pores. Abdomen with numerous prominent, spirally convoluted ribs, and spiral rows of pores between them. The first abdominal joint is from two to three times as long as each of the six following joints. Abdominal pores larger, roundish, disposed in eleven transverse rows. Four rows in the first abdominal joint, one row in each of the five following, and two rows in the last joint. Mouth slightly constricted, two-thirds as broad as the shell.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.17, cephalis 0.02, thorax 0.04, abdomen 0.11; breadth 0.06.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms; also fossil in Barbados.

Genus 650. Lithocampe,^[267] Ehrenberg, 1838, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 128 (sensu emendato).

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with ovate or spindle-shaped shell, the mouth of which is constricted, but not prolonged into a tube. Cephalis without horn and tube.

The genus Lithocampe is the oldest of all "Polycystina," being founded by Ehrenberg in 1838 upon Lithocampe radicula. Afterwards numerous other species, which belong to very different genera, were described by him. In 1862 I attempted to give a more strict definition of this genus in my Monograph (p. 312 to 315), and separated it from the closely allied and often confounded Eucyrtidium by the absence of a cephalic horn. The great number of species afterwards discovered leads to the stricter definition given above.

Subgenus 1. Lithocampula, Haeckel.

Definition.—All joints of the shell (except often the first) are equal or nearly equal in length.

1. Lithocampe eupora, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium euporum, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 291, Taf. iv. fig. 30.

Shell smooth, ovate or subconical, with three deep strictures. Four joints equal in length, gradually increasing in breadth, each with three transverse rows of regular, circular, hexagonally-framed pores; the fourth joint is the broadest. Mouth little constricted, of the same breadth as the third joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.08; length of each joint 0.02, greatest breadth 0.06.

Habitat.—Tropical Atlantic, Station 348, depth 2450 fathoms; North Atlantic, depth 3600 fathoms (Morse).

2. Lithocampe platycephala, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium platycephalum, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, pp. 145, 293, Taf. iii. fig. 16.

Shell smooth, subconical or slenderly ovate, with three slight strictures. Four joints equal in length, slightly increasing in breadth towards the mouth. The hemispherical cephalis with longitudinal ribs and irregular pores, each of the three other joints with four transverse rows of regular, circular pores. Mouth strongly constricted, half as broad as the third and fourth joints.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.12; length of each joint 0.03, greatest breadth 0.06.

Habitat.—North Atlantic, depth 3600 fathoms (Morse).

3. Lithocampe nereidum, Haeckel.

Lithocampe nereidum, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 319.

Eucyrtidium nereidum, Ehrenberg, 1854, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 242; Mikrogeol., Taf. xxxv. B, b, fig. 22.

Shell smooth, slenderly ovate, with four deep strictures. Five joints equal in length, the fourth being the broadest. Each joint with three transverse rows of small, regular, circular pores (sometimes in the fourth joint there are four rows). Mouth constricted, half as broad as the fourth joint. (In Ehrenberg's figure all five joints are delineated, but the greater part of the hemispherical cephalis is broken off.)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.1, of each joint 0.02; breadth of the fourth joint 0.05.

Habitat.—South Atlantic, Station 332, depth 2200 fathoms.

4. Lithocampe radicula, Ehrenberg.

Lithocampe radicula, Ehrenberg, 1838, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 130, Taf. iv. fig. 11.; Mikrogeol., 1854, Taf. xxii. fig. 23a.

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, with five sharp strictures. Six joints equal in length, each with four transverse rows of regular, circular, double-edged pores. The third and fourth joints are the broadest, and equal. The constricted mouth is not broader than the hemispherical cephalis, scarcely one-fourth as broad as the third and the fourth joints. This remarkable species is the oldest known skeleton of a Radiolarian, a figure of it being given in 1838, loc. cit. (compare my Monograph, 1862, p. 3, 4, 331). But this figure of Ehrenberg is not quite accurate, and differs from other figures of the same species, which he afterwards (1854) published in his Mikrogeologie (loc. cit.). The best of these is fig. 23a in pl. xxii., and is identical with the typical form (common in Barbados), and according to this I have here framed my description. The sixth joint possesses a distinct (though small) terminal mouth; when this becomes closed, the species passes over into Stichocapsa radicula.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.18, length of each joint (on an average) 0.03; breadth of the third and fourth joints 0.08, of the second and fifth 0.06, of the terminal mouth and the cephalis 0.03.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Barbados.

5. Lithocampe ventricosa, Haeckel.

Dictyomitra ventricosa, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 102, Taf. iii. fig. 25.

Shell ovate, with six slight strictures. Seven joints nearly equal in length, each with four (or sometimes three or five) transverse rows of small, regular, circular pores, in the last joint the pores are larger. The fourth and fifth joints are the broadest, and are twice as broad as the constricted mouth.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.13 to 0.14; length of each joint 0.017 to 0.02, greatest breadth 0.083, mouth 0.04.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily; Grotte, Caltanisetta.

6. Lithocampe fusiformis, n. sp.

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, decreasing uniformly towards the two blunt poles, with eight or nine sharp strictures, and nine or ten joints of equal lengths, each with four transverse rows of regular, hexagonal pores. The fourth and fifth joints are the broadest. The constricted mouth is twice as broad as the hemispherical cephalis, half as broad as the fourth joint.

Dimensions. —Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.2, of each joint 0.02; breadth of the fourth joint 0.06, mouth 0.03.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.

Subgenus 2. Lithocampium, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.

Definition.—The joints of the shell are very different in length.

7. Lithocampe ovata, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 1).

Shell smooth, urceolate or ovate, with three sharp strictures. Four joints of different lengths, having the proportion 1 : 2 : 2 : 6. The fourth joint is inflated and the broadest. The mouth is constricted, short, tubular, of the same breadth as the hemispherical cephalis. Pores small, circular, in regular transverse rows; four rows in the first, four in the second, two in the third, and five in the fourth joint. The middle stricture is crossed by longitudinal ribs.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.11. Length of the single joints, a 0.01, b 0.02, c 0.02, d 0.06; greatest breadth 0.055.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

8. Lithocampe aquilonaris, Haeckel.

Lithocampe aquilonaris, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 317.

Eucyrtidium aquilonare, Bailey, 1856, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, vol. xxii. p. 4, pl. i. fig. 9.

Shell smooth, subconical, with three distinct strictures. Four joints of different lengths, having the proportion 3 : 1 : 3 : 4. The fourth joint is the broadest, suddenly constricted, with a short tubular mouth of half the breadth. Pores subregular, circular, in transverse rows; three rows in the first joint, two in the second, four in the third, and three in the fourth joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.11. Length of the single joints, a 0.03, b 0.01, c 0.03, d 0.04; breadth 0.06.

Habitat.—North Pacific, Kamtschatka (Bailey), Station 241, depth 2300 fathoms.

9. Lithocampe quadrarticulata, Haeckel.

Lithocampe quadrarticulata, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 319.

Eucyrtidium quadrarticulatum, Ehrenberg, 1861, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 299.

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, with three deep strictures. Four joints of different lengths = 1 : 3 : 4 : 3. The third joint is the broadest, being twice as broad as the constricted mouth of the fourth joint. Pores small, regular, circular, in transverse rows; two being in the first, three in the second, four in the third, three in the fourth joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.11. Length of the single joints, a 0.015, b 0.03, c 0.04, d 0.025; greatest breadth 0.05.

Habitat.—North Atlantic (Greenland, depth 1600 fathoms, Ehrenberg), Station 64, surface.

10. Lithocampe multiseriata, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium multiseriatum, Ehrenberg, 1872, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, page 293, Taf. vii. fig. 9.

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, or slenderly ovate, with three sharp strictures. Four joints of different lengths = 3 : 4 : 5 : 10. The third and fourth joints nearly equal in breadth, and twice as broad as the hemispherical cephalis. The truncate mouth is slightly constricted. Pores very small and numerous, in regular transverse rows. Three or four rows in the first, five or six in the second, seven or eight in the third, and fifteen to twenty in the fourth joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.11. Length of the single joints, a 0.015, b 0.02, c 0.025, d 0.05; breadth 0.045.

Habitat.—Tropical Pacific (Philippine Sea, Ehrenberg), Stations 206, 224, 266, in various depths.

11. Lithocampe diploconus, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 3).

Shell rough, doubly conical, with three distinct strictures. Four joints of different lengths = 2 : 5 : 5 : 8. The third joint is the broadest. The three first joints form together a broad cone, and the fourth an inverse truncate cone; the latter is distinguished by convergent longitudinal ribs. Pores regular, circular, alternating with the ribs in the fourth joint. Truncate mouth hyaline, half as broad as the third joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.05, c 0.05, d 0.08; breadth (in the middle part) 0.1.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

12. Lithocampe diaphana, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium diaphanum, Ehrenberg, 1872, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 309.

Shell smooth, hyaline, spindle-shaped, decreasing uniformly towards both poles, with three distinct strictures. Four joints of different lengths; the second and third equal in breadth, twice as broad and three times as long as the first and the fourth. Pores very small and scarce, in transverse interrupted rows, commonly two rows in the first, two or three in the second, three or four in the third, and only one in the last joint. Mouth constricted, two-thirds as broad as the fourth joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.13. Length of the single joints, a 0.015, b 0.05, c 0.05, d 0.015; breadth (in the middle part) 0.06, mouth 0.02.

Habitat.—South Atlantic, Station 335, depth 1425 fathoms.

13. Lithocampe hispida, Haeckel.

Lithocampe hispida, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 318.

Eucyrtidium hispidum, Ehrenberg, 1861, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 298; Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1872, p. 291, Taf. ii. fig. 19.

Shell thorny, slenderly ovate, or nearly spindle-shaped, with four sharp strictures. Five joints of different lengths = 3 : 3 : 4 : 6 : 4. The fourth joint is the broadest, and nearly twice as broad as the constricted mouth. Pores small, circular, separated by longitudinal, spiny ribs, regularly disposed in transverse rows; three rows in the first and second, four rows in the third and fifth, six rows in the fourth joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.1. Length of the single joints, a 0.015, b 0.015, c 0.02, d 0.03, e 0.02; greatest breadth 0.05.

Habitat.—Arctic Ocean (in different depths), Ehrenberg.

14. Lithocampe tumidula, Haeckel.

Lithocampe tumidula, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 318.

Eucyrtidium tumidulum, Bailey, 1856, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, vol. xxii. p. 5, pl. i. fig. 11.

Eucyrtidium tumidulum, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 293, Taf. ii. fig. 12.

? Eucyrtidium increscens, Ehrenberg, 1861, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 299.

? Lithocampe increscens, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 318.

Shell smooth, nearly spindle-shaped, with four sharp strictures, very similar to the preceding in size and form. It differs in the smooth surface, the absence of longitudinal ribs, and the unequal size of the pores, which form four transverse series in each joint, and are much larger in the broadest (fourth) joint. Proportion of the five joints = 2 : 2 : 3 : 5 : 4.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.1. Length of the single joints, a 0.012, b 0.012, c 0.02, d 0.03, e 0.025; greatest breadth 0.05.

Habitat.—Cosmopolitan; Atlantic, Pacific; many stations, in different depths.

15. Lithocampe heteropora, Haeckel.

Lithocampe heteropora, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 317.

Eucyrtidium heteroporum, Ehrenberg, 1854, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 242.

Shell smooth, subconical, obtuse, with four distinct strictures. Five joints of different lengths = 2 : 4 : 3 : 3 : 2. The fourth joint is the broadest. Mouth slightly constricted. Pores regular, circular, in the second joint much larger than in the four others, disposed in transverse series; two rows in the first and fifth, three rows in the second, four rows in the third and fourth joints.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.14. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.04, c 0.03, d 0.03, e 0.02; greatest breadth 0.07.

Habitat.—North Atlantic (depth 2000 fathoms, Ehrenberg), Canary Islands, surface, Haeckel.

16. Lithocampe meta, Stöhr.

Lithocampe meta, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 103, Taf. iv. fig. 4.

Shell rough, subconical, obtuse, with four slight strictures. Five joints of different lengths = 2 : 4 : 5 : 4 : 2. The fourth joint is the broadest, and three times as broad as the constricted mouth. Pores, small, regular, circular, quincuncially disposed, equal in size; two transverse rows in the first and fifth, five rows in the second and fourth, six rows in the third joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.14. Length of the single joints, a 0.017, b 0.033, c 0.04, d 0.033, e 0.017; greatest breadth 0.083.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily, Grotte (Stöhr), Caltanisetta (Haeckel).

17. Lithocampe urceolata, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 2).

Shell rough, wide, urceolate, without external strictures, but with four internal septal rings (not visible in the figure), each of which contains an internal circle of horizontal pores. Five joints of different lengths = 2 : 3 : 6 : 4 : 2. The third joint is the broadest, and three times as broad as the constricted mouth. Pores of very different sizes, irregular, roundish, with prominent polygonal frames. A very remarkable species.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.17. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.03, c 0.06, d 0.04, e 0.02; greatest breadth 0.13.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.

18. Lithocampe clava, Ehrenberg.

Lithocampe clava, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 66, Taf. iv. fig. 2.

Shell smooth, club-shaped, or slenderly ovate, with five internal septal rings. Six joints of very different lengths = 5 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 18. The sixth joint is the broadest, and as long as the five others together. Pores small, circular, in the basal half of the last joint irregular and larger. Constricted mouth as broad as the subspherical, hyaline cephalis.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.15. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.011, c 0.013, d 0.016, e 0.02, f 0.07.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

19. Lithocampe hexacola, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 7).

Shell smooth, nearly spindle-shaped, without external strictures, but with five internal septal rings. Six joints of different lengths = 4 : 8 : 5 : 5 : 5 : 10. The fourth joint is the broadest, and four times as broad as the constricted mouth. Pores subregular hexagonal, or irregular polygonal, with thin bars.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.18, greatest breadth 0.09. Length of the six joints, a 0.02, b 0.04, c, d, and e each 0.025, f 0.05.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.

20. Lithocampe heptacola, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 8).

Shell smooth, subcylindrical, constricted at both poles, with six distinct strictures. Seven joints of different lengths, the five abdominal joints nearly equal, each half as long as the hemispherical, vaulted thorax, and twice as long as the subspherical, small cephalis. Mouth constricted, with a short, tubular, hyaline peristome (like an eighth joint without pores), about one-third as broad as each of the four middle joints. Pores subregular hexagonal, or irregular polygonal, with thin bars.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.24, greatest breadth 0.09. Length of the cephalis 0.02, thorax 0.06, each of the four following joints 0.03, of the last joint 0.04.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.

21. Lithocampe octocola, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 6).

Shell smooth, subcylindrical, thick-walled, constricted at both poles, without distinct, external strictures, but with seven internal septal rings. Eight joints of different lengths; four joints (the second to the fifth) being about twice as long as the four others (the first and the three last). The constricted mouth only one-third as broad as the four middle joints. Pores small and numerous, subregular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.19, breadth 0.09. Length of the second to the fifth joints, each 0.03; length of the four other joints, each about 0.016.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 274, depth 2750 fathoms.

22. Lithocampe polycola, n. sp.

Shell smooth, subcylindrical, constricted at both poles, with twelve to fifteen distinct strictures. Fourteen to sixteen joints of different lengths. Cephalis flat, cap-shaped, hyaline, without pores. Thorax nearly hemispherical, with three transverse rows of small circular pores. Each following joint (each abdominal joint) only with a single row of small pores. The constricted mouth of the last joint only one-third as broad as the middle part of the shell. (Very similar to Lithomitra eruca, Pl. 79, fig. 3.)

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with sixteen joints) 0.3, breadth 0.08. Length of the cephalis 0.02, thorax 0.06, each of the following joints 0.015, last joint 0.025.

Habitat.—Tropical Pacific, Station 224, depth 1850 fathoms.

Genus 651. Spirocyrtis,^[268] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with spirally-arranged constrictions on the shell. Cephalis with a horn.

The genus Spirocyrtis and the following closely allied genus Spirocampe differ from the other Stichocorida (and also from nearly all Cyrtoidea) in a very remarkable character. The annular constrictions of the multiarticulate shell and the corresponding internal annular septa are here not separated, and do not lie in parallel, transverse planes (as usually happens), but they are all or partly connected in the form of an ascending spiral, so that the joints are not perfectly separated. An irregularity or asymmetry of growth on the different sides of the shell is probably the cause of this strange, spiral structure.

Subgenus 1. Spirocyrtidium, Haeckel.

Definition.—Shell conical, gradually dilating towards the wide open terminal mouth.

1. Spirocyrtis scalaris, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 14).

Shell conical, gradually dilating towards the wide open mouth, with ten to twelve spiral convolutions, which correspond to the same number of short and broad chambers or joints, gradually increasing in breadth; all joints form together a spirally winding staircase. The length or height of the single joints or stairs is about equal, and each bears four or five transverse rows of small, square pores. Cephalis flat, cap-shaped, with two or three short divergent horns.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with ten joints or turnings) 0.16, length of each joint (on an average) 0.016; breadth of the third joint 0.04, of the fifth joint 0.07, of the tenth joint 0.1.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Stations 271 to 274, depth 2350 to 2750 fathoms.

2. Spirocyrtis cornutella, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 13).

Shell conical, gradually dilating towards the wide mouth, similar to the preceding, but differing in the curved axis, and the broader and shorter joints, each of which bears only two or three transverse rows of square pores. The turnings of the staircase are not so sharp, nor so distinct, as in the preceding species. Cephalis with a single short horn.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.1; breadth of the fourth joint 0.05, of the eighth joint 0.08.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 270, depth 2925 fathoms.

Subgenus 2. Spirocyrtoma, Haeckel.

Definition.—Shell ovate, or nearly spindle-shaped, more or less tapering towards the narrower, somewhat constricted mouth.

3. Spirocyrtis holospira, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 16).

Shell subovate, twice as long as broad, without external strictures, but with an internal regularly descending spiral septum, which separates seven to nine broad joints of nearly equal lengths; the first and second joints together are conical, and about as long as each of the following joints. Cephalis small, hemispherical, with a thick pyramidal horn of the same length. The fifth joint is the broadest, the truncate mouth is slightly constricted (in the specimen figured it is broken off). Pores regular, circular, quincuncial.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.2, breadth 0.1; length of each joint, about 0.03.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.

4. Spirocyrtis hemispira, n. sp.

Shell slender, nearly spindle-shaped, three times as long as broad, without external strictures, but with ten to eleven internal septa. The five or six upper of these are perfectly separate, complete parallel rings; the five or six lower are spirally connected. The eleven or twelve joints gradually taper in length and breadth, from the broadest middle towards the two constricted ends of the shell. The middle (fifth or sixth) joint is the broadest, and is three to four times as broad as the constricted mouth. Cephalis small, hemispherical, with a conical horn of the same length. Pores regular, circular, hexagonally framed.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.25, breadth 0.09; length of the middle joint 0.03.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.

5. Spirocyrtis merospira, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 15).

Shell ovate, with six to eight slight strictures, twice as long as broad. The three or four upper joints are perfectly separated by annular septa, the three or four lower joints connected by an internal spiral septum. The spiral line is often more or less irregular or interrupted (as is also the case in the specimen figured). Mouth rather wide. Pores small, subregular, circular. A rather variable species.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.2, breadth 0.1.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Stations 270 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925 fathoms.

6. Spirocyrtis diplospira, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 17).

Shell slender, ovate, with seven to eight slight strictures. All eight or nine joints are connected by an internal double spiral septum, the first spiral beginning from the ventral side, the second from the dorsal side of the collar stricture. Length and breadth of the single joints rather variable and irregular; the broadest joint is commonly the fifth. Mouth more or less constricted. Pores subregular, circular. This remarkable species differs from all other Cyrtoidea by the double spiral septum of the joints.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.2, breadth 0.1.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 274, depth 2750 fathoms.

Genus 652. Spirocampe,^[269] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.

Definition.—Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with spirally arranged constrictions on the shell. Cephalis without horn.

The genus Spirocampe has the same peculiar spiral structure of the shell as the preceding Spirocyrtis, and differs from it only in the absence of a cephalic horn. It exhibits, therefore, the same relation to the latter as the similar Lithocampe bears to Eucyrtidium.

1. Spirocampe callispira, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 11).

Shell ovate, smooth, with six joints, connected in the form of a complete winding staircase. All the windings are nearly at equal distances; each bears one row of large roundish pores, enclosed by two rows of smaller pores. Cephalis hemispherical, of about the same breadth as the constricted, short tubular mouth.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.15, breadth 0.09; mouth 0.03 diameter.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 270, depth 2925 fathoms.

2. Spirocampe allospira, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 12).

Shell subcylindrical, or nearly spindle-shaped, smooth, very thick-walled, with eight joints alternately longer and shorter, and connected in the form of an irregular spiral. The distance between the windings is very variable. Pores small, regular, circular. Cephalis hemispherical, of about the same size as the short tubular mouth.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.2, breadth 0.08; mouth 0.03 diameter.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 273, depth 2350 fathoms.

3. Spirocampe polyspira, n. sp.

Shell cylindrical, rough, with twelve joints nearly equal in length, connected in the form of a regular, complete spiral. All windings are at the same distance. Pores regular, circular, three rows on each turning. Cephalis flat, cap-shaped, half as broad as the slightly constricted, not tubular mouth.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.24, breadth 0.07; mouth 0.05 diameter.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.

Subfamily 2. Stichocapsida, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.

Definition.—Lithocampida with the terminal mouth of the shell fenestrated (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata clausa).

Genus 653. Cyrtocapsa,^[270] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.

Definition.—Stichocapsida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata clausa) with an apical horn on the cephalis, without basal terminal spine.

The genus Cyrtocapsa and the two following genera represent together the small subfamily of Stichocapsida, or of those Cyrtoidea in which the many-jointed shell bears no radial appendages, and the terminal mouth is closed by a lattice-plate. They have been derived from the Stichocorida by development of such a closing plate. Cyrtocapsa bears an apical horn on the cephalis, and may be derived therefore directly from Eucyrtidium.

Subgenus 1. Cyrtocapsella, Haeckel.

Definition.—Shell with three annular strictures (or internal septa) and four distinct joints.

1. Cyrtocapsa tetrapera, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 5).

Shell rough, pear-shaped, with three deep strictures. The three first joints are of equal lengths, and each half as long as the hemispherical fourth joint. Cephalis subspherical, with an oblique conical horn of the same length. The third joint is the broadest, three times as broad as long. Pores regular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.15, breadth 0.09; length of each of the three first joints 0.03, of the last 0.06.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

2. Cyrtocapsa compacta, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 8).

Eucyrtidium compactum, Haeckel, 1878, Atlas, loc. cit.

Shell rough, pear-shaped, with three slight strictures. The hemispherical cephalis bears a thick pyramidal spine of the same length, and is half as long as the second and the third joints, one-third as long as the hemispherical fourth joint. The third joint is the broadest, three times as broad as long. Pores subregular, circular. In the centre of the basal pole is one larger pore, the remnant of the constricted mouth of Eucyrtidium.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.16, breadth 0.12. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.04, c 0.04, d 0.06.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 206, depth 2100 fathoms.

3. Cyrtocapsa inflata, n. sp.

Shell spiny, pear-shaped, with three deep strictures. The inflated third joint is twice as long as the second and fourth joints, and three times as long as the hemispherical cephalis, which bears a large conical horn of three times the length. Fourth joint flat, vaulted, inversely cap-shaped. The third joint is the broadest, being twice as broad as long. Pores regular, circular, double-contoured.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell 0.14, breadth 0.11. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.03, c 0.06, d 0.03.

Habitat.—North Pacific, Station 244, depth 2900 fathoms.

4. Cyrtocapsa pyrum, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 8).

Shell thorny, pear-shaped, without external strictures, but with three internal annular septa. Length of the four joints = 2 : 5 : 6 : 7. The fourth joint is the broadest, being about twice as broad as long, and hemispherical. The small subspherical cephalis bears a stout conical horn of the same length. Pores large, regular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2, breadth 0.12. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.05, c 0.06, d 0.07.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.

5. Cyrtocapsa cornuta, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 9).

Shell rough, very thick-walled, nearly pear-shaped, with three annular strictures; the second of which is very sharp, the first and third slight. Length of the four joints = 3 : 4 : 5 : 6. The third joint is the broadest, being about twice as broad as long; the fourth joint is hemispherical. Cephalis subspherical, with a large, conical, curved horn of twice the length. Pores regular, circular, hexagonally framed.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, breadth 0.12. Length of the single joints, a 0.03, b 0.04, c 0.05, d 0.06.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.

6. Cyrtocapsa diploconus, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 6).

Shell rough, doubly conical, with three annular septa. Length of the four joints = 3 : 4 : 4 : 8. The third joint is the broadest, two and a half times as broad as long; the fourth is inversely conical, acute. Cephalis hemispherical, with a pyramidal horn of the same length. Pores irregular, roundish.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.19, breadth 0.1. Length of the single joints, a 0.03, b 0.04, c 0.04, d 0.08.

Habitat.—Tropical Atlantic, Station 347, depth 2250 fathoms.

7. Cyrtocapsa fusulus, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 7).

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, with three distinct strictures. Length of the four joints = 1 : 1 : 4 : 3. The third joint is the broadest, somewhat longer than broad. The fourth joint is inversely conical. Cephalis hemispherical, with a coronal of large, ovate pores, and a pyramidal, sulcate, oblique horn of twice the length. Pores regular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, breadth 0.07. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.02, c 0.08, d 0.06.

Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.

Subgenus 2. Cyrtocapsoma, Haeckel.

Definition.—Shell with four or more annular septa, and five or more joints.

8. Cyrtocapsa incrassata, Haeckel.

Eucyrtidium incrassatum, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 105, Taf. iv. fig. 9.

Shell rough, spindle-shaped, with four annular septa. Length of the five joints = 2 : 3 : 4 : 4 : 4. The third joint is the broadest, nearly three times as broad as long. The fourth joint is inversely conical, acute. Cephalis small, spherical, with two short, conical, divergent horns. Pores small, regular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.17, breadth 0.11. Length of the single joints, a 0.015, b 0.035, c 0.04, d 0.04, e 0.04.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily, Grotte.

9. Cyrtocapsa costata, n. sp.

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, twice as long as broad, with numerous longitudinal ribs, and four annular septa. Length of the five joints = 1 : 4 : 3 : 2 : 8. The third joint is the broadest. Fourth joint inversely conical, acute. Cephalis small, hemispherical, with a small conical horn. Pores regular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.18, breadth 0.09. Length of the single joints, a 0.01, b 0.04, c 0.03, d 0.02, e 0.08.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

10. Cyrtocapsa colatractus, n. sp.

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, with eight internal annular septa (without external stricture). All nine joints are nearly equal in length, the first somewhat shorter, the last longer. The fourth joint is the broadest, four times as broad as long. Last joint inversely conical, blunt. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn of the same length. Pores small and numerous, regular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.22, breadth 0.1; length of the cephalis 0.015, of the last joint, 0.03, of each of the seven other joints, 0.022 to 0.028.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.

11. Cyrtocapsa chrysalidium, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 9).

Shell rough, nearly spindle-shaped, with seven distinct strictures. Length of the eight joints = 4 : 6 : 11 : 8 : 5 : 5 : 4 : 3. The third and fourth joints are the broadest. The last joint is small, inversely cap-shaped. Cephalis subspherical, with an oblique, dentate horn of the same length. Pores very numerous, subregular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.23, breadth 0.1. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.03, c 0.055, d 0.04, e 0.025, f 0.025, g 0.02, h 0.015.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 274, depth 2750 fathoms.

Genus 654. Stichocapsa,^[271] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.

Definition.—Stichocapsida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata clausa) without apical horn, and without basal spine.

The genus Stichocapsa differs from the preceding Cyrtocapsa in the absence of an apical horn, and bears therefore to it the same relation as Lithocampe does to Eucyrtidium. It may be derived either from Cyrtocapsa by loss of the horn, or from Eucyrtidium by closure of the terminal mouth.

1. Stichocapsa tetracola, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 1).

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, half as broad as long, with three slight strictures. Length of the four joints = 3 : 4 : 4 : 11. The fourth joint is the broadest, inversely conical, with acute basal pole. Pores subregularly square in the second and third joints, more irregular in the fourth joint.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.11. Length of the single joints, a 0.015, b 0.02, c 0.02, d 0.055; breadth 0.055.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

2. Stichocapsa quadrigata, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 3).

Shell smooth, pear-shaped, half as broad as long, with three deep strictures. Length of the four joints = 3 : 8 : 8 : 5. The second joint is the broadest. The fourth joint is scarcely larger than the hemispherical cephalis, inversely conical, with blunt basal pole. Pores subregular, square, in transverse rows, in the second and third joints of equal size, in the fourth smaller.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.12. Length of the single joints, a 0.015, b 0.04, e 0.04, d 0.025; breadth 0.06.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 270, depth 2925 fathoms.

3. Stichocapsa tricincta, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 2).

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, twice as long as broad, with three deep strictures. Length of the four joints = 2 : 5 : 5 : 10. The third joint is the broadest. Fourth joint inversely conical, with acute basal pole. Cephalis small, subconical. Pores irregular, roundish, of very different sizes.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell 0.11. Length of the single joints, a 0.01, b 0.025, e 0.025, d 0.05; breadth 0.055.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.

4. Stichocapsa subglobosa, n. sp.

Shell thorny, broad, pear-shaped, nearly spherical, almost as broad as long, with three internal septal rings. Length of the four joints = 1 : 2 : 7 : 2. Cephalis small, subspherical. Thorax flat, conical. Third joint very large, inflated, about twice as broad as the second and fourth joints. The latter is flat, cap-shaped, with rounded basal pole. Pores regular, circular, hexagonally framed, in the third joint twice as broad as in the second and fourth joints.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell 0.24. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.04, c 0.14, d 0.04; breadth 0.2.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.

5. Stichocapsa compressa, Haeckel.

Lithocampe compressa, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 103, Taf. iv. fig. 5.

Shell rough, broad, pear-shaped, almost as broad as long, with three internal septal rings. Length of the four joints = 1 : 2 : 3 : 2. Cephalis very small, spherical. Thorax conical. The third joint is the broadest, strongly inflated. The fourth joint (in the figure of Stöhr broken off) is in a well preserved specimen inversely hemispherical, with rounded basal pole. Pores very small, regular, circular.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell 0.1. Length of the single joints, a 0.013, b 0.027, c 0.04, d 0.022; breadth 0.08.

Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily; Grotte, Caltanisetta.

6. Stichocapsa pyriformis, n. sp.

Shell rough, pear-shaped, about twice as long as broad, with three internal septal rings. Length of the four joints = 2 : 5 : 2 : 9. Cephalis small, spherical, hyaline. Thorax conical. Third joint very short and broad; the fourth joint is the broadest, half as long as the shell, with an inversely hemispherical basal pole. Pores subregular, circular, small and numerous, larger in the basal third.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell 0.18. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.05, c 0.02, d 0.09; breadth 0.1.

Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.

7. Stichocapsa monstrosa, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 4).

Shell tuberculate, twice as long as broad, irregular, horn-shaped or inversely conical, with curved axis, and with three internal septal rings. Length of the four joints = 2 : 7 : 3 : 4. Cephalis subspherical, with small, circular pores. The thorax is the broadest joint, half as long as the shell. The fourth joint is small, inversely conical, with a blunt, curved, basal pole. Pores irregular, roundish, partly double-contoured.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.16. Length of the single joints, a 0.02, b 0.07, c 0.03, d 0.04; breadth 0.08.

Habitat.—Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.

8. Stichocapsa pentacola, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 1).

Shell smooth, slender, pear-shaped, twice as long as broad, with four sharp strictures. Length of the five joints = 1 : 1 : 1 : 2 : 3. The three first joints are nearly equal in length, but increase in breadth. The fifth joint is the broadest, nearly spherical, with rounded basal pole. Pores irregular, roundish.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.13. Length of the single joints, a 0.017, b 0.017, c 0.017, d 0.028, e 0.05; breadth 0.07.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 273, depth 2350 fathoms.

9. Stichocapsa hexacola, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 2).

Shell rough, slender, pear-shaped, twice as long as broad, with five internal septal rings. The five first joints are nearly equal in length. The sixth joint is the broadest, half as long as the shell, with a rounded, hemispherical basal pole. Pores small and numerous, subregular, circular, larger in the inflated basal third.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2. Length of each of the first five joints 0.02, of the sixth joint 0.1; breadth 0.1.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms; also fossil in Barbados.

10. Stichocapsa compacta, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 3).

Shell rough very thick-walled, slender, pear-shaped, twice as long as broad, without external stricture, but with eight internal septal rings. The eight first joints, gradually increasing in breadth, are nearly equal in length. The eighth joint is the broadest, and one-third as long as the shell, inversely hemispherical. Pores small, circular, in the last joint larger.

Dimensions.—Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.25. Length of each of the eight first joints about 0.02, of the ninth joint 0.08; breadth 0.13.

Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms; also fossil in Barbados.

11. Stichocapsa radicula, Haeckel.

Lithocampe radicula, Ehrenberg, 1838 (partim); Mikrogeol., 1854, Taf. xxii. fig. 23b.?

Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, decreasing from the broader middle towards the two rounded poles, with four or five slight strictures. All five or six joints nearly equal in length, the middle (third and fourth) are the broadest. Pores subregular, circular. (To this species those forms of Lithocampe radicula, Ehrenberg, must be referred, in which the basal opening is perfectly closed by lattice-work. The other forms in which the basal mouth remains open, and which are connected with the former by transitional forms, constitute the true type of the genus Lithocampe (page 1503).