INDEX

Absolute reality, 23, 27 Absolutism, 97, 190; Kant and, 99 Abstract definition, 20 Abstractions, 149-150, 174 Absurdities, 10 Achievements, 194 Action, kind of, 80 Adult life, 185, 186 America, 41 Amoeba, 91 Animals, dramatisation in primitive life of man, 4 Antiquity, 33 Apprehension, 142 Aquinas, 55, 106 Argumentation, 31, 132 Aristotle, 13, 17, 19, 55; Bacon's charge against, 30-31, 36; distinction in ends, 171; experience, 79, 80; forms, 105; on change, 107; on philosophy as contemplation, 109, 110; on slavery, 191; theory of the state, 44; ultimate reality, 106 Art, 34, 103, 211, 212 Artisan, 15; knowledge, 110 Associations, 205; voluntary, 203 Astronomers, 65, 113 Astronomy, 75 Athenians, 13, 19 Augustine, St., 111 Authority, 48, 139, 195; final, 161; seat of, 160. See also Final good Bacon, Francis, 28, 81, 97; criticism of the learning of his day, 29-30; experience, 97-98; "knowledge is power," 29; summary of ideas, 29 Being, perfect, 111 Being and non-being, 107 Beliefs and facts, 12 Bentham, 166, 182, 188 Bergson, 71 Berkeley, 50 Biology, 75, 84 Bliss, 111, 112 Bosanquet, 134 Bradley, 107 Bruno, 66 Business, 41, 43, 183 Butler, Bishop, 21 Capital, 43 Capital and labour, 191 Capitalism, 41, 182 Castes, material, 59 Casuistry, 166 Causation, 63 Causes, 59, 60 Certainty, 21, 22 Change, ancient idea of, 57; existing view, 113; law of the universe, 61; Plato and Aristotle on, 107; progress and, 116 Chemistry, 75 Child life, 91-92, 184 Christian mediaeval philosophy, 17, 19 Christian theology, 111 Church, 47; universal, 45 Classes, 75, 152, 155; in the ancient conception of the world, 59 Classic conception of philosophy, 17, 22, 24, 74, 105 Classification, 152, 169 Common sense, 100 Communication at a distance, 118, 120 Comte, Auguste, 10 Conceptions, 81, 144, 145; reconstruction in, moral, 161; truth, 156 Concrete cases, in morals, 161; in social philosophy, 188 Concreteness, 150 Condillac, 81 Conduct, 80; right course, 163 Conflict, 108, 138, 140; of ends, 166 Conscience, 46 Consequences, investigating, 163-164 Conservatism, 18, 33, 40, 100 Constant, 61 Contemplation, 109, 111 Contract theory of the state, 45 Control, 42, 64 Co-operation in research, 37 Cosmogonies and cosmologies, 9 Cosmology, 70, 75 Craftsmen, 12, 13 Criteria, 77 Crusades, 39 Cults, 8; consolidation, 9 Custom, 17, 161 Dante, 55 Darwin, 75 Deduction, 148 Delusions, 139 Democracy, 47, 186, 206; of facts, 66; significance, 209 Demonstration, 20, 21, 31; discovery vs., 32 Descartes, 50 Desires, 110, 111; frustration, 104 Details, 141 Development, Aristotle's use of term, 57, 58 Diagnosis, 142 Direction, 176 Disagreeable, 103 Discipline, 103, 104, 184 Discord, 108 Discovery, contacts of 16th and 17th centuries, 39; demonstration vs., 32; logic of, 31, 33; moral, 174 Distance, 118-119, 120 Doctrines, 8; consolidation, 9 Dogma, 145, 159 Dreams, 119, 120, 139; world of, 7 Dualism, 173 Duties and rights, 207 Earth, ancient conception, 55; relation to universe, 66 Economic ends, 171-172 Education, 125, 183, 209 Efficient cause, 59, 60 Emotion, 103, 210 Empirical and rational, 81, 87 Empiricists, 78, 82 Ends, conflicting, 166; fixed, 70; intrinsic and instrumental, 170, 172-173; means and, 72-73; values, 175 English empiricism, 99 Environment, 10; life and, 84 Epistemology, 49, 70, 123, 126 Errors, 35 Esthetic and practical, 66 Estheticism, 115-116, 117, 180; science and, reconciling, 127 Ether, 55, 56 Ethical theory, 161 Europe, nationalistic movement, 201; social cause of intellectual revolution in 16th and 17th centuries, 38-39 Evil, problem of, 177 Evolution, in Aristotle, 58; of the state, 200-201 Existence, two realms, 22 Experience, 32; as a guide in science and moral life, 78; basis of old notion of, 79; changed conceptions, 77; classic notion and modern, 81; combined doing and suffering, 86; evil result of unimaginative conception of, 100-101; Greek, 79; modern appeal to, 48; new conception, 83; Plato, 92; principles and, 48; self-regulative, 94-95; true "stuff" of, 91 Experimental method, 13 Experimentation, 42 Exploration, 39, 40 Facing facts, 140, 141, 143 Facts, 10, 98 Falsity, 158 Family principle, 189; in the world at large, 61-62 Fanaticism, 168 Fancy. See Imagination Fear, 40 Feudalism, 43, 45; of the universe in ancient conception, 59, 61-62 Fighting, 15 Final cause, 59, 60, 68 Final good, 161-162, 183; existence of a single good questioned, 162 Fine arts, 126 Finite, 107 Finite and infinite, 66 Fire, 11, 56, 86 Fixed ends, 165 Flux, 57, 108 Formal cause, 59, 60 Forms of Aristotle, 105 Free will, 196 Freedom, law and, 207; religious, 46 Future, 48 Future aim of philosophy, 26 General notions, in morals, 161; in social philosophy, 188 Generalities, 174; social affairs and, 198 Generalisations, 10, 151 Geology, 75 German political philosophy, 200, 208-209 German rationalism, 99 Germans, system, order, docility, 98-99 Germany, 19 God, 10, 109 Golden Age, 48 Good. See Final good Goodness, 179 Greeks, 9, 13, 19, 66, 67, 126; ethical theory, 161; religion, 105; science and arts, 93 Growth, 184; of knowledge, 31; moral, 177 Happiness, 179 Healthy living, 166, 167, 177 Heavens, ancient conception, 56 Hegel, 19, 106, 189, 190; conception of the state, 200, 201; logic, 134 Helvetius, 81 Hierarchical order, 59 "Higher" ends, 172 Hindoos, 126 History, Hegel's conception, 201 History of philosophy, 25 Hobbes, 88, 188 Homo faber, 71 Human aims, 42, 43 Human life, "real" and "ideal," a live issue, 128 Humanism and naturalism, 174 Humanity, 206 Hume, 50, 83, 89 Hypotheses, 22, 145 Hysteria, 139 Ideal, changed conceptions, 103; problem of relation to the real, 130; real and, a human issue, 128 Ideal realm, classic and modern conceptions contrasted, 118 Idealism, 129; epistemological, 49, 51; theological, 50; tragic kind, 129-130 Ideality, one with reality, 111; philosophic conception, 106 Ideas of Plato, 105 Idols, 36 Ills, 169; philosophy and, 177-178 Imagination, 211; empirical knowledge and, 73, 74; reshaping power, 103, 106 Independence, 110; social, 185 India, 41 Individual, 36, 45, 51; concept as something given, 193; in social and moral sense, 194; social and, 199; state and, 190, 191 Individualism, 50; political, 45, 46; religious, 46; religious and moral, 46 Induction, 34 Industrial revolution and scientific revolution, 38, 41 Industry, movements, 47; science and, 38, 41, 42 Infinite, 66, 67 Initiative 46, 209 Innate ideas, 35, 82 Inquiry, 174; free, 146; impartial, 147; methods in moral ills, 170 Insincerity, 20 Instability, 107 Institutions, 196; true starting-points of inquiry about, 197 Instrumental ends, 171 Intellect, 6 Intellectual somnambulism, 140 Intellectualism, 117 Intelligence, 36, 51; as inquiry into consequences, 163-164; definition, 96 Interest, 194-195 International interests, 204, 205 Intrinsic good, 170, 206 Introspection, 196 Invention, 39, 42, 49, 122 Investigation, 147 Ipse dixit method, 166 Irresponsibility, 97 James, William, 21; Pragmatism, 38 Judea, 9 Judgment, 133; moral, 176; standards, 175 Kant, 50, 83, 98, 206; his philosophy and German character, 98-99 Kinship, 62 Knowledge, conception as beholding, 115; degrees, 108; empirical as organ of imagination, 73, 74; existing practice, 112; modern view of right way to get it, 113; positive, 12; positive vs. tradition, 16; practical and operative, 121, 122; sensations and, 87, 88, 89; spectator conception, 112, 117 "Knowledge is power," 29, 42, 51 Law, 61, 64; freedom and, 207; reason and, 98. See also Final good Learning, Bacon's three kinds, 29 Licentiousness, 163 Life, 167, 211; environment and, 84-85 Literary culture, 39 Locke, 35, 50, 81, 89, 152; philosophic empiricism, 82 Logic, a science and an art, 135; apparatus, 20, 21; character, 132, 134; importance, 138; in morals and politics, 138; inconsistencies, 134; new, 36; of discovery, 33; of discovery vs. that of argumentation, 31; theory, chaotic state, 133 Logical system, 9 Lotze, 134 Making a living, 211 Man, perfectibility, 49; primitive, 4, 5; savage and civilized, 85; tool-maker, 71 Marcus Aurelius, 106 Materialism, 50, 70, 73, 171, 182 Mathematics, 137, 149 Matter, 72, 211 Means and ends, 72-73 Mechanics, 67, 69; Greeks and, 67 Mechanism, 211 Mechanisation of nature, 71-72 Mediaeval Christianity, 17, 19, 126 Meliorism, 178 Memory, 1, 6, 103; emotional character, 2; individual and group, 8; primitive, 3 Metaphysics, 17, 124, 126 Methods, 149; social philosophy, 193; true, 32 Middle Ages, 47, 64, 132 Military art, 15 Mill, J. S., 132 Mind, pure, 111 Miracles, 125 Mistakes, 175 Modern thought, 52; Bacon as founder, 28; early, 49, 50. See also Thought Mohammedans, 39 Moral ends, 169 Moral life, 165 Moral science. See under Science Morality, pragmatic rule, 163; standard of judgment, 176 Morals, 126, 169; politics and, 197 National state, 200; end or instrument, 202-203; rôle of the modern, 201 Nationalistic movement, 201 Natural Science. See under Science Naturalism and humanism, 174 Nature, contrast of ancient and modern conceptions, 53-54; inquiry into, 32, 37, 48, 49; loss of poetry when considered as mechanism, 69; profound change in man's attitude to, 115; value of mechanisation, 71-72; web imposed on, 35-36 Neglect, 97 Neo-Platonism, 111 New World, 39 Non-being, 107 Noumenal reality, 23 Nous, 36 Obliviscence of the disagreeable, 103 Observation, 140 Optimism, 178 Opportunity, 211 Organic society, 187 Organisms, 86 Organisation, 206-207 Oriental nations, 127 Origin of philosophies, 5, 18, 24, 25 Pantheon, Greek, 105 Past, 212 Perfectibility of mankind, 49 Perfection, 177 Personality, 47, 189, 209 Persuasion, 31 Pessimism, 178 Phariseeism, 176 Phenomenal reality, 23 Philosophy, emancipation, 123; function, 111, 122; future aim and scope, 26; hard and fast alternatives of English and German schools, 99-100; history, 25; opportunities, 49; origin, 5, 18, 24, 25; practical nature, 121; proper province, 21, 124; work, 18 Physician, 168 Physics, 75 Plato, 13, 14, 17, 19, 188, 205; dramatic sense, 15; experience, 79, 92; ideas, ideal realm, 105; on change, 107; social arts, 94; ultimate reality, 106 Pleasure, 181 Plotinus, 106 Pluralism, 204 Poetry, 7, 8, 103, 212 Political changes, 43 Political organisation, 44 Politics, 125; morals and, 197; movements, 47 Possession of knowledge, 31 Potentiality, Aristotle's use of term, 57, 58 Practical and esthetic, 66 Pragmatism, 38 Pretensions, 21 Primitive man, 4 Principles, 81, 163; criteria of experience, 48 Probability, 21 Production, 181 Progress, 42, 48, 116, 211; Bacon and, 32, 34; economic and moral, contrast, 125 Proof, 20 Property, 182, 189 Protestantism, 46 Proudhon, 189 Prussian State, 190, 201 Psychology, 83, 135; change in, 84; malicious, 82 Pure reason, 78 Questioning, 17. See also Inquiry Radicalism, 18, 19, 100 Rank, 63 Rationalism, 97; rigidity, 98 Rationalists 87, 88, 89 Rationalisation, 97, 102 Real, changed conceptions, 103; ideal and, a human issue, 128; problem of relation to the ideal, 130 Reality, 23, 27; classic conception, 105; nomenal vs. phenomenal, 23; ultimate, 106; ultimate, one with ideality, 111 Reason, 83, 174; as a faculty separate from experience, 95; as re-adjusting intelligence, 96; changed conceptions, 77 Reasoning, 32 Reconstruction of philosophy, 52; essential, 51; historical factors, 28; in moral conceptions, 161; scientific factor, 53; social philosophy and, 187; specific present problem, 43; value of a solution of the dilemma of reason and experience, 101 Re-creation, 51, 180 Reform, 179, 180; starting-point, 196 Relativity of sensations, 88 Religion, 103, 211, 212; movements, 47 Religious freedom, 46 Religious spirit, 210 Renaissance, 29 Research, 42; co-operative, 37 Responsibility, 163 Revolution of thought, 60 Rights and duties, 207 Rome, 9 Ruler and subject, 44; in nature, 64 Rules of conduct, 165 Sailors, 11 Salvation, 112 Santayana, George, on Locke, 82 Satisfaction, 157 Savage, 85, 176 Scholasticism, 30 Science, 11, 23; advance in, 53; co-operative pursuit, 37; estheticism and, reconciling, 127; human value, 173; industry and, 38, 41, 42; natural, 42, 48; open world of, 61; origin, 12; picture of universe, 64-65; relation to experience, 95; separation of natural and moral, 173; so-called, 36; traditional, 30 Scientific revolution, 53 Self-delusion, 140 Self-interest, 194-195 Sensations, 84; as points of readjustment, 89; relativity, 88 Senses, 84, 87 Sentimentalism, 73 Shakespeare, 94 Slavery, 191 Social belief, 26 Social development, 43 Social evils, 182. See also Ills Social philosophy, reconstruction, 187; reconstructive impact, 193 Social unit, real, 204 Social welfare, 180 Sociality, 185 Society, 200, 205; defect of usual theories about, 188; individuals and, three views, 187-188; philosophy and, 124 Socrates, 14, 17 Soldiers, 139 Sophists, 13, 14 Space, 118-119, 120 Spinoza, 106 Standards, 175 State, Aristotle's theory, 44; contract theory, 45; current conception, 200; importance, 204; individual and, 190, 191; modern, 44; origin, 44; supremacy, 202, 203 Subject and ruler, 44; in nature, 64 Success, 179 Suggestions, 3, 6, 7 Summum Bonum. See Final good Supernaturalism, 47 System, 98, 99 Telegraph, 120 Telephone, 120 Terminology, 21 Theories, 144, 145; validity, 156 Theory and practice, 140 Things as they are, 115 Thinking, habits, 74, 75. See also Thought Thomas, St. See Aquinas Thought, 117; good and bad thinking, 136; instrumental nature, 145-146; its origin in difficulties, 138-139; kinds, 135; logic and, 134; place, 96; systems, 145 Tolerance, 46 Tradition, 14; positive knowledge vs., 16 Transitoriousness, 106 Travel, 39, 40 Trouble, 138, 140 Truth, as utility, 157; defining, 159-160; logical conception, 156-157; old and new, 33, 34; pragmatic conception, 156, 159; test of, nature of, 155, 166; why the modern conception is offensive, 157, 158 Unity, 108 Universal, 64 Universe, closed conception, 54 Utilitarianism, defects, 181; merit, 180; need of reconstruction, 183 Utility, 157 Valves, 15 Verification, 156 Virtues, 164 Vision, 21 War, 204 War, world, lesson, 129; nationalistic phase, 201; "real" and "ideal" in, 128 Wealth, 40, 42, 125 Wind, 11 Work, 181 Workingmen, 139 World, closed and open conceptions, 54, 60-61; modern conception as material for change, 114; nomenal and phenomenal, 23

Transcriber's Notes:

Typos corrected: (Chapter III) "Home Faber" to "Homo Faber" (Index entry) "Summum Conum" to "Summum Bonum" The text is in American-English but the Index seems to be done in British-English. Below are some words in the Index which are different from the text:

INDEXTEXT

dramatisationdramatization

labourlabor

mediaevalmedieval

GeneralisationsGeneralizations

mechanisationmechanization (2 instances)

organisationorganization (2 instances)

RationalisationRationalization

nomenalnoumenal (2 instances)