APPENDIX A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

The literature of psychoanalysis from its inception to 1926 is conveniently available in John Rickman’s Index Psychoanalyticus, 1893–1926. The Gesammelte Schriften of Sigmund Freud have been published by the Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Vienna, in eleven volumes. This publishing house puts out most of the literature of the circle around Freud. Of Freud’s books the beginner may be referred to his General Introduction to Psychoanalysis, The Interpretation of Dreams, and Three Contributions to Sexual Theory. An English edition of Freud’s collected papers is in process of publication. The most important technical journal is the Internationale Zeitschrift für arztliche Psychoanalyse. There is an English journal, The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, and an American one, The Psychoanalytic Review. (A French periodical has recently appeared.)

Among the “orthodox” psychoanalytical treatises the following are of particular importance:

Ferenczi, S. Bausteine zur Psychoanalyse. Leipzig, 1926.

——. Versuch einer Genitaltheorie. Leipzig, 1924.

Ferenczi, S., and Hollos, S. Psychoanalysis and the Psychic Disorder of General Paresis, “Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series,” No. 42. New York and Washington, 1925.

The psychological manifestations of a physical disease are predicted on the basis of the psychoanalytical theory of personality development. Of great methodological importance.

Abraham, K. Klinische Beitrage zur Psychoanalyse aus den Jahren 1907–20. Leipzig, etc., 1921.

——. Psychoanalytische Studien zur Charakterbildung. Leipzig, etc., 1925.

The most influential approach to the problem of character formation. Amplified in many directions by Jones, Glover, etc.

Alexander, S. Psychoanalyse der Gesamtpersönlichkeit. Leipzig, etc., 1927.

A notably lucid presentation of the general theory. Recently translated as The Psychoanalysis of the Total Personality and published in the “Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series.”

Hartmann, H. Die Grundlagen der Psychoanalyse. Leipzig, 1927.

A very important book which views analytical concepts in relation to the data of experimental psychology.

Deutsch, Felix. “Experimentelle Studien zur Psychoanalyse,” Internationale Zeitschrift, IX (1923), 484–96.

Reports the demonstration of the mechanism of repression by the use of post-hypnotic suggestion.

Kempf, E. Psychopathology. St. Louis, 1921.

Stresses the function of the autonomic functions, and undertakes to amplify psychoanalytical theory in this direction.

Among those who have broken off from Freud, after having been associated with him, are Stekel, Jung, and Adler. Stekel has published ten volumes of case histories which are valuable for the beginner who needs to acquire a sense of what sort of thing the human mind is capable. The other two are of more theoretical importance. Jung’s Psychological Types is of the most immediate interest to social scientists, although his speculations about the “racial unconscious” are suggestive. Alfred Adler’s standpoint is set out in his Individual Psychology. His circle in Vienna publishes a journal.

An excellent manual is The Structure and Meaning of Psychoanalysis (New York, 1930), by William Healy, Augusta F. Bronner, and Anna Mae Bowers.

The psychoanalytical movement can be placed in the general perspective of medical psychology by referring to such a manual as William A. White’s Outlines of Psychiatry or Bernard Hart’s Psychopathology. There are excellent books in German on medical psychology by Kronfeld, Birnbaum, Schilder, Kretschmer, and many others. The general movements in the field can be followed in the American Journal of Psychiatry or the Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, the latter of which is edited by William A. White and Smith Ely Jelliffe, who also supervise the well-known series of books, usually translations, called the “Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series.” Pierre Janet’s Psychological Healing reviews the general history of psychopathology. Among the innumerable articles and books which undertake to appraise the clinical and normal implications of psychoanalysis, the symposium edited by Hans Prinzhorn may be chosen, Krisis der Psychoanalyse (Leipzig, 1928), Band I (the projected second volume will not appear). Otto Rank, who has likewise broken with Freud, is publishing a series of books on the psychoanalytical interview which promises to serve as a bridge between the general theory and the objective studies of the interview situation which are in progress in America.

On the special problem of personality and character types, the volume by A. A. Roback, The Psychology of Character, may be instanced as a very comprehensive guide to the literature. His A Bibliography on Personality is also available. An acute analysis of typologies was offered by O. Selz before the German experimental psychologists in 1923. See the following:

Selz, O. “Über die Personlichkeitstypen und die Methoden ihrer Bestimmung,” Bericht über den VIII. Kongress für experimentelle Psychologie. Jena, 1924.

Klüver, H. “An Analysis of Recent Work on the Problem of Psychological Types,” Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, LXII, No. 6 (December, 1925).

The current output is reviewed from time to time in relation to tests by Mark A. May, Gordon W. Allport, and certain other psychologists who are especially interested in the field. The Psychological Index can be consulted for the purpose of keeping abreast of the large quantity of published material.

The most influential recent book is Kretschmer’s Physique and Character. The somatic factors in personality are stated with charm and brevity by E. Miller, Types of Mind and Body. Useful summary and critical volumes are by William I. Thomas and Dorothy S. Thomas, The Child in America (New York, 1928), chapters viii-xiii inclusive, and by R. G. Gordon, Personality (New York, 1926).

The psychoanalytical literature which has undertaken to deal with politics or politicians explicitly may be appended here:

Pfister, Oskar. “Analytische Untersuchungen über die Psychologie des Hasses und der Versöhnung,” Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse, II (1910), 134–78.

——. “Die Bedeutung der Psychoanalyse für die Staats- und Gesellschaftslehre” (Vortrag an VI. Int. Psa. Kong., Hague, September 8–11, 1920), abstract in Internationale Zeitschrift, VI, 400.

——. “Die menschlichen Einigungsbestrebungen im Lichte der Psychoanalyse,” Imago, XII (1926), 126–35.

The Imago is the psychoanalytical journal which is devoted to applications of psychoanalytical theory to the interpretation of culture.

Sachs, Hanns. “Die Bedeutung der Psychoanalyse für Probleme der Soziologie” (Vortrag), abstract in Centralblatt für Psychoanalyse, II (1911), 464–69.

——. “Ein Traum Bismarcks,” Internationale Zeitschrift, I (1913), 80–83.

Sachs, Hanns, and Rank, Otto. Die Bedeutung der Psychoanalyse für die Geisteswissenschaften. Wiesbaden, 1913.

This was published in the “Grenzfragen des Nerven und Seelenlebens,” No. 93, a series which contains many volumes of great interest to social scientists. Kretschmer now is the responsible editor. The book also appears as No. 23 in the “Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series.”

Rank, Otto. “Der ‘Familienroman’ in der Psychologie des Attentäters,” Der Künstler (virte vermehrte Auflage; Leipzig, etc., 1925), pp. 142–48.

This fragment first appeared in 1911.

Storfer, A. J. “Zur Sonderstellung des Vatermordes.” Leipzig, etc., 1911.

Parricide and regicide are punished with unusual severity in different legal systems.

Abraham, Karl. “Amenhotep IV (Echnaton),” Imago, I (1912), 334–60.

One of the earliest applications of analytical concepts to a historical personage.

Freud, Sigmund. Totem und Taboo. Leipzig, etc., 1913.

Outlines his hypothesis of the origin of culture in an original parricide by a band of revolting brothers, who resented the monopoly of the females by the old man of the tribe, and who undertook to repress memories of the crime. See the discussion by Malinowski of this hypothesis in Sex and Repression in Savage Society (New York, 1927).

——. “Zeitgemässes über Krieg und Tod,” Imago, IV (1915–16), 1–21.

——. Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse. Leipzig, etc., 1921.

An application of Freud’s theories to the psychology of crowds and social institutions. See William McDougall, “Professor Freud’s Group Psychology and His Theory of Suggestion,” chapter xvii of Problems of Personality (ed. Campbell and others; New York, 1925).

——. Unbehagen der Kultur. Leipzig, etc., 1929.

Jekels, Ludwig. “Der Wendepunkt im Leben Napoleons I,” Imago, III (1914), 313–81.

Kaplan, Leo. “Der tragische Held und der Verbrecher,” ibid., IV (1915), 96–124.

Jones, Ernest. “War and Sublimation.” Read before the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Section of Physiology, September 10, 1915; published in Reports of the Association, LXXXV, 699 ff.

——. (ed.). The Social Aspects of Psychoanalysis. London, 1923.

Tausk, Viktor. “Zur Psychologie des Deserteurs,” Zeitschrift, IV (1916–17), 193–204, 228–40.

Blüher, Hans. Die Rolle der Erotik in der männlichen Gesellschaft. 2 vols. Jena, 1917.

Bernfeld, Siegfried. “Die Psychoanalyse in der Jugendbewegung,” Imago, V (1919), 283–89.

——. “Über eine typische Form der männlichen Pubertät,” ibid., IX (1923), 169–188.

Federn, Paul. Die Vaterlose Gesellschaft. Leipzig, etc., 1919.

Clark, L. Pierce. “A Psychologic Study of Abraham Lincoln,” ibid., VIII (1921), 1–21.

——. “A Psycho-historical Study of the Epileptic Personality in the Genius,” ibid., IX (1922), 367–401.

——. “The Narcism of Alexander the Great,” Ibid., X (1923), 156–69.

——. Napoleon: Self-Destroyed. New York, 1929.

Kolnai, Aurel. Psychoanalyse und Soziologie. Leipzig, etc., 1920.

Lazell, Edward W. “Psychology of War and Schizophrenia,” Psychoanalytic Review, VII (1920), 224–45.

Rinaldo, Joel. The Psychoanalysis of the Reformer. New York, 1921.

White, William A. Thoughts of a Psychiatrist on the War and After. New York, 1919.

Low, Barbara. “Civic Ideals: Some Psycho-analytical Considerations,” Sociological Review, 1922.

Boven, William. “Alexander der Grosse,” Imago, VIII (1922), 418–39.

Berger, G. “Zur Theorie der menschlichen Feindseligkeit,” ibid., IX (1923), 344–67.

Lorenz, Emil. Der politische mythus, Beitrage zur mythologie der Kultur. Leipzig, etc., 1923.

Illustrates the state-father relationship from the lore and literature of many cultures.

Reik, Theodor. Geständniszwang und Strafbedürfnis: Probleme der Psychoanalyse und der Kriminologie. Leipzig, etc., 1925.

Outlines in masterly fashion the implications of the need for punishment and the compulsion to confess for criminology. Reik has also published extensively on religion from the psychoanalytical standpoint.

Kohn, Erwin, Lasalle der Führer. Leipzig, etc., 1926.

Alexander, Franz, and Staub, Hugo. Der Verbrecher und seine Richter. Vienna, 1929.

A sketch of criminology from the psychoanalytical standpoint, drawing heavily on Alexander’s conception of the neurotic character, as distinguished from the neurotics who show hysteric or compulsive symptoms.

Friedjung, Josef K. “Zur Psychologie des kleinen Politikers,” Imago, XIV (1928), 498–501.

Among those who have undertaken from allied fields to apply psychoanalytic viewpoints may be mentioned William F. Ogburn, who read a paper before the economists in 1918; Thomas D. Eliot, sociologist; Harry Elmer Barnes, historical sociologist; E. D. Martin, social psychologist; Preserved Smith, historian; R. V. Harlow, historian; W. H. R. Rivers, ethnologist; and Theodore Schroeder, lawyer. See especially:

Barnes, Harry Elmer. The New History and the Social Studies, chap. iii. New York, 1925.

Discusses the bibliography in English.

Swoboda, Hermann. “Zur Psychologie des Parlamentarismus,” Oesterreichische Rundschau, Band XIV, Heft 1, January 1, 1908.

——. “Die Kunst des Regierens,” ibid., Band XVII, December 15, 1908.

——. “Der Volksvertreter,” ibid., Band XXXII, Heft 3, August 1, 1912.

These articles of Swoboda are the first well-considered applications of psychoanalysis to politics by a non-specialist. The first article treats the rôle of parliamentarism as “catharsis,” and specifically refers to the work of Breuer and Freud.

Aside from specifically psychoanalytical efforts to interpret individuals and collective trends, there have been many efforts on the part of other psychiatrists and physicians, or their followers, to offer such interpretations. The whole literature of “pathography” is abstracted and discussed here:

Lange-Eichbaum, Wilhelm. Genie-Irrsinn, und Ruhm. Leipzig, 1928.

Students of politics will be most interested in the references and abstracts concerning Rousseau, Alexander the Great, Amenhotep IV, Bismarck, Blücher, emperors and princes, Frederick the Great, Lincoln, Loyola, Ludwig II of Bavaria, Napoleon, and Robespierre. Möbius put “pathography” on a scientific basis. The following is one of the best of the “pathographies,” since it stresses the diseased aspects of the personality in the perspective of the total development of the subject’s career:

Heidenhain, Adolf, J.-J. Rousseau, Persönlichkeit, Philosophie and Psychose, “Grenzfragen des Nerven-und Seelenlebens,” Heft 117. Munich, 1924.

The study of the effect of individual pathology on culture, and of culture upon individual pathology, is envisaged as a program in the following:

Birnbaum, Karl. Grundzüge der Kulturpsychopathologie, “Grenzfragen des Nerven- und Seelenlebens,” Heft 116. Munich, 1924.

The reckless extension of individual pathological terms to the state of society as a whole has caused much confusion, but a case can be made out for a valid use of the concept of the pathological. Thus:

Schneersohn, F. “Zur Grundlegung einer Völker- und Massenpsychopathologie (Soziopsychopathologie),” Ethos, I (1925–26), 81–120.

This includes an exhaustive bibliography of the efforts of psychiatrists to extend their conceptions to society, and a detailed consideration of the methodological issues involved.

Special attention should be called to the forthcoming volume by Harry Stack Sullivan on Personal Psychopathology in which a systematic treatment of the whole field of psychiatry and sociology is presented. Dr. Sullivan has vastly stimulated a rapprochement between physician and social scientist in the United States. See the Proceedings of the two colloquiums on personality investigation, held under the auspices of the American Psychiatric Association, first published in the American Journal of Psychiatry for May, 1929, and May, 1930, and separately obtainable.