Front matter

ADDRESSES AND PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Second National Conservation Congress

HELD AT

SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA SEPTEMBER 5-8 1910

BERNARD N. BAKER Baltimore, Md. President, Second National Conservation Congress

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Second National Conservation Congress

AT

Saint Paul SEPTEMBER 5-8, 1910

"Let us conserve the foundations of our prosperity" (Declaration of the Governors, 1908)

WASHINGTON NATIONAL CONSERVATION CONGRESS 1911

W. F. ROBERTS COMPANY PRINTERS WASHINGTON, D. C.

HON. J. B. WHITE Kansas City, Mo. Chairman, Executive Committee, Second National Conservation Congress and Third National Conservation Congress

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES FOR 1909-10

President B. N. Baker, Baltimore

Executive Secretary Thomas R. Shipp, Washington, D. C.

Secretary L. Frank Brown, Seattle

Vice-Presidents John Barrett, Washington, D. C. James S. Whipple, Albany E. J. Wickson, Berkeley Alfred C. Ackerman, Athens, Ga. Henry A. Barker, Providence

Executive Committee J. B. White, Kansas City, Mo., Chairman B. N. Baker, Baltimore J. N. Teal, Portland, Ore. A. B. Farquhar, York, Pa. L. H. Bailey, Ithaca Thomas Burke, Seattle Henry E. Hardtner, Urania, La. W. A. Fleming Jones, Las Cruces Mrs Philip N. Moore, Saint Louis Mrs J. Ellen Foster, Washington, D. C.

Local Board of Managers for the Saint Paul Congress Hon. A. O. Eberhart, Chairman Frank B. Kellogg, Vice-Chairman J. S. Bell, Minneapolis H. A. Tuttle, Minneapolis George M. Gillette, Minneapolis B. F. Nelson, Minneapolis L. S. Donaldson, Minneapolis Joseph H. Beek, Saint Paul George H. Prince, Saint Paul Reuben Warner, Saint Paul Paul W. Doty, Saint Paul Theodore W. Griggs, Saint Paul W. C. Handy, Secretary

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES FOR 1910-11

President Henry Wallace, Des Moines

Executive Secretary Thomas R. Shipp, Washington, D. C.

Treasurer D. Austin Latchaw, Kansas City, Mo.

Recording Secretary James C. Gipe, Clarks, La.

Executive Committee J. B. White, Kansas City, Mo., Chairman B. N. Baker, Baltimore L. H. Bailey, Ithaca James R. Garfield, Cleveland Frank C. Goudy, Denver W. A. Fleming Jones, Las Cruces Mrs Philip N. Moore, Saint Louis Walter H. Page, New York George C. Pardee, Oakland, Cal. Gifford Pinchot, Washington, D. C. J. N. Teal, Portland, Ore. E. L. Worsham, Atlanta

Vice-Presidents

Alabama, Hon. Albert P. Bush, Mobile; Alaska, Hon. James Wickersham, Fairbanks; Arizona, B. A. Fowler, Phenix; Arkansas, A. H. Purdue, Fayetteville; California, E. H. Cox, San Francisco; Colorado, Murdo Mackenzie, Trinidad; Columbia (District of), W J McGee, Washington; Connecticut, Rollin S. Woodruff, Hartford; Delaware, Hon. George Gray, Wilmington; Florida, Cromwell Gibbons, Jacksonville; Georgia, Hon. Jno. C. Hart, Union Point; Hawaii, Mrs Margaret R. Knudsen, Kanai; Idaho, James A. MacLean, University of Idaho; Illinois, Julius Rosenwald, Chicago; Indiana, F. J. Breeze, Lafayette; Iowa, Carl Leopold, Burlington; Kansas, W. R. Stubbs, Topeka; Kentucky, James K. Patterson, Lexington; Louisiana, Newton C. Blanchard, Shreveport; Maine, Bert M. Fernald, Augusta; Maryland, William Bullock Clark, Baltimore; Massachusetts, Frank W. Rane, Boston; Michigan, J. L. Snyder, Lansing; Minnesota, Ambrose Tighe, Saint Paul; Mississippi, A. W. Shands, Sardis; Missouri, Hermann Von Schrenk, Saint Louis; Montana, E. L. Norris, Helena; Nebraska, Dr F. A. Long, Madison; Nevada, Senator Francis G. Newlands, Reno; New Hampshire, George B. Leighton, Monadnock; New Jersey, Charles Lathrop Pack, Lakewood; New Mexico, W. A. Fleming Jones, Las Cruces; New York, R. A. Pearson, Albany; North Carolina, T. Gilbert Pearson, Greensboro; North Dakota, U. G. Larimore, Larimore; Ohio, James R. Garfield, Cleveland; Oklahoma, Benj. Martin, Jr., Muskogee; Oregon, J. N. Teal, Portland; Pennsylvania, William S. Harvey, Philadelphia; Philippine Islands, Maj. George P. Ahern, Manila; Porto Rico, Hon. Walter K. Landis, San Juan; Rhode Island, Henry A. Barker, Providence; South Carolina, E. J. Watson, Columbia; South Dakota, Ellwood C. Perisho, Vermillion; Tennessee, Herman Suter, Nashville; Texas, W. Goodrich Jones, Temple; Utah, Harden Bennion, Salt Lake City; Vermont, Fletcher D. Proctor, Proctor; Virginia, A. R. Turnbull, Norfolk; Washington, M. E. Hay, Olympia; West Virginia, A. B. Fleming, Fairmont; Wisconsin, Charles R. Van Hise, Madison; Wyoming, Bryant B. Brooks, Cheyenne; National Conservation Association, Gifford Pinchot, Washington.

Standing Committees

Forests—H. S. Graves, U. S. Forester, Washington, D. C., Chairman; E. M. Griffith, Madison, Wis.; E. T. Allen, Portland, Ore.; J. Lewis Thompson, Houston.

Lands—Governor W. R. Stubbs, Topeka, Chairman; Dwight B. Heard, Phenix; J. L. Snyder, Lansing; Murdo Mackenzie, Trinidad; Charles S. Barrett, Union City, Ga.

Waters—W J McGee, Washington, D. C., Chairman; E. A. Smith, Spokane; Henry A. Barker, Providence; J. N. Teal, Portland, Ore.; Herbert Knox Smith, Washington, D. C.

Minerals—Charles R. Van Hise, Madison, Chairman; Joseph A. Holmes, Washington, D. C.; D. W. Brunton, Denver; John Mitchell, New York; I. C. White, Morgantown, W. Va.

Vital Resources—Dr William H. Welch, Baltimore, Chairman; Professor Irving Fisher, New Haven; Dr H. W. Wiley, Washington, D. C.; Dr J. H. Kellogg, Battle Creek, Mich.; Walter H. Page, New York.

HENRY WALLACE Des Moines, Iowa President, Third National Conservation Congress

CONTENTS

page

CONSTITUTIONix

OPENING SESSION1

Invocation by Archbishop Ireland1

Greeting from Cardinal Gibbons3

Address by Governor Eberhart3

Welcome by Mayor Keller13

Address by President Taft14

SECOND SESSION34

Induction of Governor Stubbs as Chairman34

Address by Senator Nelson35

Address by Governor Noel48

Address by Governor Norris52

Address by Governor Deneen59

Address by Governor Hay64

Announcement by Professor Condra71

Address by Governor Brooks72

Remarks by Governor Stubbs75

Address by Governor Vessey77

THIRD SESSION79

Appointment of Credentials Committee79

Action on Constitution of the National Conservation Congress79

Remarks by Director-General Barrett80

Remarks by Governor Stubbs81

Invocation by Reverend Doctor Montgomery81

Address by Ex-President Roosevelt82

FOURTH SESSION93

Address by Miss Boardman94

Address by Commissioner Herbert Knox Smith101

Modification of Credentials Committee106

Address by Honorable James R. Garfield106

Address by Ex-Governor Pardee115

Remarks by Delegate Horr, of Washington120

Address by Ex-Governor Blanchard121

Address by William E. Smythe127

Address by Walter L. Fisher129

Address by Colonel James H. Davidson132

FIFTH SESSION134

Invocation by Bishop Edsall134

Address by President Finley135

Report of Credentials Committee145

Address by Senator Beveridge146

Response by Gifford Pinchot152

Address by President McVey152

Discussion by Chairman White158

Address by Mrs Welch, of the General Federation of Women's Clubs160

Address by Mrs Hoyle Tomkies, of the Women's National Rivers and Harbors Congress163

Address by Mrs Sneath, of the General Federation of Women's Clubs166

Report by Mrs Howard, of the Daughters of the American Revolution167

SIXTH SESSION168

Induction of Senator Clapp as Chairman168

Address by President Craighead168

Postponement of Call of States171

Address by D. Austin Latchaw171

Address by James J. Hill177

Discussion by Henry Wallace188

Address by Secretary Wilson194

Discussion by Representative Stevens201

Address by Professor Bailey203

SEVENTH SESSION213

Address by Professor Graves214

Address by Alfred L. Baker222

Address by Frank H. Short226

Address by Director-General Barrett237

Address by Honorable Esmond Ovey243

Action on time for election and report of Resolutions Committee246

EIGHTH SESSION246

Appointment of Nominating Committee246

Induction of Governor Eberhart as Chairman246

Address by Dean Wesbrook247

Address by Wallace D. Simmons257

Address by Commissioner Elmer E. Brown264

Address by Mrs Scott, President of the Daughters of the American Revolution270

Action in memory of Mrs J. Ellen Foster276

Presentation by Mrs Howard to Gifford Pinchot276

Response by Mr Pinchot277

Address by Francis J. Heney278

Address by Gifford Pinchot292

Expression by Governor Eberhart298

Statement by Professor Condra298

CLOSING SESSION299

Commencement of Call of States299

Response by Delegate Harvey, of Pennsylvania299

Interlude by E. W. Ross, of Washington302

Report of Nominating Committee303

Nomination by Chairman White303

Second by Gifford Pinchot304

Election of and response by Henry Wallace as President305

Election of other Officers306

Resolution of thanks to retiring President Baker308

Response by Mr Baker308

Report of Resolutions Committee308

Adoption of Resolutions312

Interlude by E. W. Ross, of Washington312

Remarks by Delegate Horr, of Washington313

Ratification of Vice-Presidents313

Resolution in memory of Professor Green313

Resumption of Call of States314

Response by Delegate Purdue, of Arkansas314

Response by Delegate Bannister, of Indiana314

Response by Delegate Miller, of Iowa314

Response by Delegate Young, of Kansas314

Response by Delegate Baker, of Maryland314

Response by Delegate Thorp, of Minnesota315

Response by State Geologist Lowe, of Mississippi315

Response by General Noble, of Missouri315

Response by Chairman White316

Response by Professor Condra, of Nebraska317

Response by a Delegate from New York318

Response by Delegate Nestos, of North Dakota318

Response by Delegate Krueger, of South Dakota319

Remarks by Delegate Johns, of Washington320

Privileged statement by Land Commissioner Ross, of Washington322

Response by Delegate Fowler, of Arizona324

Response by Delegate Hunt, of District of Columbia324

Response by Delegate Barker, of Rhode Island324

Response by Professor White, of West Virginia325

Response by Delegate Worsham, of Georgia325

Motion for adjournment by Delegate Martin, of Oklahoma326

SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS327

Laws that should be Passed, by Senator Francis G. Newlands327

Conservation of the Nation's Resources, by Chairman J. B. White328

Practical Aspects of Conservation, by A. B. Farquhar331

Report from Arkansas, by Sid B. Redding333

Report from Colorado, by Frank C. Goudy334

Report from Florida, by Cromwell Gibbons335

Report from Idaho, by Jerome J. Day336

Report from Indiana, by A. E. Metzger336

Report from Iowa, by A. C. Miller337

Report from Louisiana, by Henry E. Hardtner339

Report from Maine, by Cyrus C. Babb341

Report from Massachusetts, by Frank William Rane and Henry H. Sprague343

Report from Missouri, by Hermann von Schrenk344

Report from Montana, by Rudolph von Tobel345

Report from New Mexico, by Colonel W. A. Fleming Jones347

Report from New York, by J. S. Whipple347

Special report from New York, by Henry H. Persons352

Report from North Dakota, by Professor Waldron362

Report from Ohio, by Professor Lazenby364

Report from Oklahoma, by Benj. Martin, Jr.365

Report from Oregon, by E. T. Allen367

Report from Rhode Island, by Henry A. Barker368

Report from South Carolina, by E. J. Watson369

Report from South Dakota, by Doane Robinson369

Report from Texas, by Will L. Sargent370

Report from Utah, by O. J. Salisbury372

Supplementary report from Utah, by E. T. Merritt372

Report from Vermont, by George Aitkin373

Report from Washington, by E. G. Griggs375

Report from West Virginia, by Hu Maxwell376

Report from Wisconsin, by E. M. Griffith377

Report of the American Academy of Political and Social Science379

Report of the American Automobile Association380

Report of the American Civic Association383

Report of the American Forestry Association384

Report of the American Humane Association385

Report of the American Institute of Architects386

Report of the American Paper and Pulp Association388

Report of the American Medical Association389

Report of the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association392

Report of the American Railway Master Mechanics' Association393

Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society394

Report of the Association for the Protection of the Adirondacks397

Report of the Carriage Builders' National Association410

Report of the Delaware State Federation of Women's Clubs411

Report of the Farmers' Union of America411

Report of the General Federation of Women's Clubs412

Report of the Lakes-to-Gulf Deep Waterway Association413

Report of the League of American Sportsmen415

Report of the National Board of Fire Underwriters416

Report of the National Board of Trade419

Report of the National Business League of America420

Report of the Missouri Valley River Improvement Association420

Report of the Upper Mississippi River Improvement Association421

Report of the Washington State Federation of Labor422

Report of the Western Forestry and Conservation Association423

Report of the United Mine Workers424

Timber Conservation, by George H. Emerson424

Forests and Stream-Flow, by William S. Harvey428

The Conservation of Minerals and Subterranean Waters, by George F. Kunz, Ph.D.429

The Question of Land Titles, by Franklin McCray430

INDEX431

1. Gifford Pinchot, Vice-President (1910). 2. James R. Garfield, Vice-President (1910). 3. Henry A. Barker, Vice-President (1909-10). 4. A. B. Farquhar, Executive Committee (1909). 5. W. A. Fleming Jones, Vice-president (1910). 6. E. L. Worsham, Executive Committee (1910). 7. George C. Pardee, Executive Committee (1910). 8. J. N. Teal, Executive Committee (1909-10). 9. Walter H. Page, Executive Committee (1910). 10. L. H. Bailey, Executive Committee (1909-10).

CONSTITUTION

Article 1—Name

This organization shall be known as the National Conservation Congress.

Article 2—Object

The object of the National Conservation Congress shall be: (1) to provide a forum for discussion of the resources of the United States as the foundation for the prosperity of the people, (2) to furnish definite information concerning the resources and their utilization, and (3) to afford an agency through which the people of the country may frame policies and principles affecting the wise and practical development, conservation, and utilization of the resources, to be put into effect by their representatives in State and Federal Governments.

Article 3—Meetings

Section 1. Regular annual meetings shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by the Executive Committee.

Section 2. Special meetings of the Congress, or its officers, committees, or boards, may be held subject to the call of the President of the Congress or the Chairman of the Executive Committee.

Article 4—Officers

Section 1. The officers of the Congress shall consist of a President, to be elected by the Congress; a Vice-President from each State, to be chosen by the respective State delegations, and from the National Conservation Association; an Executive Secretary; a Recording Secretary; and a Treasurer.

Section 2. The duties of these officers may at any time be prescribed by formal action of the Congress or Executive Committee. In the absence of such action their duties shall be those implied by their designations and established by custom. In addition, it shall be the duty of the Vice-Presidents to receive, from the State Conservation Commissions and other organizations concerned in Conservation, suggestions and recommendations, and report them to the Executive Committee of the Congress.

Section 3. The officers shall serve for one year, or until their successors are elected and qualify.

Article 5—Committees and Boards

Section 1. An Executive Committee of seven, in addition to which the President of the National Conservation Association and all ex-Presidents of the Congress shall be members ex-officio, shall be appointed by the President during each regular annual session to act for the ensuing year; its membership shall be drawn from different States, and not more than one of the appointed members shall be from any one State. The Executive Committee shall act for the Congress and shall be empowered to initiate action and meet emergencies. It shall report to each regular annual session.

Section 2. A Board of Managers shall be created in each city in which the next ensuing session of the Congress is to be held, preferably by leading organizations of citizens. The Board of Managers shall have power to raise and expend funds, to incur obligations on its own responsibility, and to appoint subordinate boards and committees, all with the approval of the Executive Committee of the Congress. It shall report to the Executive Committee at least two days before the opening of the ensuing session, and at such other times as the Congress or the Executive Committee may direct.

Section 3. A Committee on Credentials shall be appointed, consisting of five (5) members, by the President of the Congress not later than on the second day of each session of the Congress. It shall determine all questions raised by delegates as to representation, and shall report to the Congress from time to time as required by the President of the Congress.

Section 4. A Committee on Resolutions shall be created for each annual meeting of the Congress. A Chairman shall be appointed by the President. One member of the Committee shall be selected by each State represented in the Congress. The Committee shall report to the Congress not later than the morning of the last day of each annual meeting.

Section 5. Permanent Committees, consisting of five (5) members each, shall be appointed by the President of the Congress on each of the following five divisions of Conservation: Forests, Waters, Lands, Minerals, and Vital Resources. These committees shall, during the intervals between the annual meetings of the Congress, inquire into these respective subjects and prepare reports to be submitted on the request of the Executive Committee, and render such other assistance to the Congress as the Executive Committee may direct.

Section 6. By direction of the Congress, standing and special committees may be appointed by the President.

Section 7. The President shall be a member, ex-officio, of every committee of the Congress.

Article 6—Arrangements for Sessions

Section 1. The program for the session of each annual meeting of the Congress, including a list of speakers, shall be arranged by the Executive Committee. The entire program, including allotments of time to speakers and hours for daily sessions and all other arrangements concerning the program, shall be made by the Executive Committee.

Section 2. Unless otherwise ordered, the rules adopted for the guidance of the preceding Congress shall continue in force.

Article 7—Membership

Section 1. The personnel of the National Conservation Congress shall be as follows:

Officers and Delegates

Officers of the National Conservation Congress.

Fifteen Delegates appointed by the Governor of each State and Territory.

Five Delegates appointed by the Mayor of each city with a population of 25,000, or more.

Two Delegates appointed by the Mayor of each city with a population of less than 25,000.

Two Delegates appointed by each Board of County Commissioners.

Five Delegates appointed by each National Organization concerned in the work of Conservation.

Five Delegates appointed by each State or Interstate Organization concerned in the work of Conservation.

Three Delegates appointed by each Chamber of Commerce, Board of Trade, Commercial Club, or other local organization concerned in the work of Conservation.

Two Delegates appointed by each State or other University or College, and by each Agricultural College or Experiment Station.

Honorary Members

The President of the United States.

The Vice-President of the United States.

The Speaker of the House of Representatives.

The Cabinet.

The United States Senate and House of Representatives.

The Supreme Court of the United States.

The Representatives of Foreign Governments.

The Governors of the States and Territories.

The Lieutenant-Governors of the States and Territories.

The Speakers of State Houses of Representatives.

The State Officers.

The Mayors of Cities.

The County Commissioners.

The Presidents of State and other Universities and Colleges.

The Officers and Members of the National Conservation Association.

The Officers and Members of the National Conservation Commission.

The Officers and Members of the State Conservation Commissions and Associations.

Article 8—Delegations and State Officers

Section 1. The several Delegates from each State in attendance at any Congress shall assemble at the earliest practicable time and organize by choosing a Chairman and a Secretary. These Delegates, when approved by the Committee on Credentials, shall constitute the Delegation from that State.

Article 9—Voting

Section 1. Each member of the Congress shall be entitled to one vote on all actions taken viva voce.

Section 2. A division or call of States may be demanded on any action by a State delegation. On division, each Delegate shall be entitled to one vote; provided (1) that no State shall have more than twenty votes; and provided (2) that when a State is represented by less than ten Delegates, said Delegates may cast ten votes for such State.

Section 3. The term "State" as used herein is to be construed to mean either State, Territory, or Insular Possession.

Article 10—Amendments

This Constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the Congress during any regular session, provided notice of the proposed amendment has been given from the Chair not less than one day or more than two days preceding; or by unanimous vote without such notice.

1. D. Austin Latchaw, Treasurer (1910). 2. Thomas R. Shipp, Executive Secretary (1909-10). 3. James C. Gipe, Recording Secretary (1910). 4. John Barrett, Vice-President (1909). 5. Mrs Philip N. Moore, Executive Committee (1909-10). 6. Frank C. Goudy, Executive Committee (1910). 7. Thomas Burke, Executive Committee (1909). 8. E. J. Wickson, Vice-President (1909). 9. Henry D. Hardtner, Vice-President (1909). 10. James S. Whipple, Vice-President (1909). 11. W J McGee, Vice-President (Editor of Proceedings).