INDEX.

Aesthetic enjoyments 189-202, 203 judgment 215 temperament 216

Aesthetics 200

Affection beauty of 204-5 misdirected 195, 198 reciprocal 198 value of 188-9, 203-5

Altruism 96-7, 167

Analytic judgments 7, 29, 33-4, 35, 220-1

Appreciation 189-90, 200, 204-5, 221

Approval 131

Approve 60

Approbation 171

Appropriate, inappropriate 192, 199, 204-5, 209, 211, 220 defined 190

Aristotle 4 definition of virtue 171 valuation of virtues 176-7 valuation of knowledge 199

Art value of 188 representative, value of 193, 195, 196, 200

Autonomy 127

Bad 5, 27, 28, 95, 140, 143, 157, 178, 181, 188, 209, 210, 213, 214, 216, 218

‘Based on’ 38, 49, 54, 114, 115, 118, 120, 122, 144

Beauty corporeal 203-4 no criterion of 202 definition of 201-2, 208 mental 203-5 ‘seeing’ of 190-1 value of 28, 81-2, 83-5, 86, 94, 188-9, 201-2, 209, 211, 224

Being, dist. from existence 110-11

Belief, value of 193-200, 208, 210-11, 212, 219, 224-5

Benevolence, Sidgwick’s ‘principle of Rational’ 102-3

Bentham 145 naturalistic fallacy 17-19 quantity of pleasure 77-8

Bradley, F. H. pleasure and desire 70 theory of judgment 125

Butler, Bishop 86, 206

Casuistry 4-5

Causal judgments relation to Ethics 21-7, 36, 146-8, 149, 180

Causal relations 31-3, 34-6

Chastity 158

Classical style 215-16

Christ on value of motives 178 on love 179

Christian Ethics 178 on ‘external’ rightness 177 on ‘internal’ rightness 178-9 on value of motives 177-9 on value of virtue 174

Clifford, W. K. 40

Cognition of evil 217-19 dist. from knowledge 194 relation to will and feeling 129-30, 133, 135-6, 141 value of 85, 189-92, 194, 199, 208, 212, 224, 225

Commands, confused with moral laws 128-9, 141

Common sense 224 on value of pleasure 86, 91-2, 94-5 on duties 156-9

Compassion 217, 219, 220, 225

Conduct, relation of to Ethics 2-3, 146, 180

Conscience defined 178 not infallible 149, 180

Conscientiousness 218 defined 179 utility of 180

Contempt 211, 217

Corporeal beauty 203-4

Courage 217

Crimes 161

Criterion of beauty 202 evolution as 46, 50, 55-6 of goodness 137-8 pleasure as 91-2, 94-5, 108 of right and wrong 223 will as 137-8 of truth 133

Cruelty 209-11, 218

Darwin 47

Definition, nature of 6-9, 18-20

Desirable, meaning of 65-7, 73

Desire, cause and object of 68-70, 73-4

Duty = cause of or means to good 24-5, 105, 146-8, 167, 180, 223 fuller definitions of 148, 161, 180-1, 222 incapable of being known 149-50, 181 mainly negative 218 object of psychologicalintuition 148 relations to expediency 167-70, 181 interest 170-1, 181 possibility 150-2 rightness 148 utility 146-7, 167-70 virtue 172 will 160, 161 not self-evident 148, 181 self-regarding 168

Egoistic Hedonism 18

Egoism, as doctrine of end 18, 96-105, 109 contradiction of 99, 101-5, 109 relation to Hedonism 97-8 relation to Naturalistic Hedonism 104-5 Sidgwick’s ‘Rational’ 98-9, 102-4

Egoism, as doctrine of means 96-7, 105, 167

Emotion aesthetic 190 value of 189-92, 199, 203, 204-5, 208, 209, 211, 212, 217, 224, 225

Empirical 39, 111, 123

Empiricism 103, 124-5, 130

End = effect 32

End = good in itself 18, 24, 64-6, 72, 73, 79-81, 83, 85, 94-5, 184, 216 dist. from ‘good as means’ 24, 72, 74, 79-81, 89, 90, 94-5, 106-7, 173-4, 178, 216, 223 ‘ultimate’ 51, 83, 85, 96-7, 99-102, 183, 189 ‘never justifies means’ 147, 163

End = object of desire 68, 70, 71, 72

Enjoyment 77, 96, 188, 208 aesthetic 188-9, 203 of evil and ugly 208-11, 218 sexual 95

Envy 211

Epistemology 133, 140-1

Ethics Evolutionistic 46, 50, 54, 58 Metaphysical 39, 58, 113-15 Naturalistic 39-41, 58, 59 Practical 115-18, 140, 146, 149, 151, 154, 180, 222 province of 1-6, 21, 24, 26-7, 36, 37, 77, 115, 118, 142-6, 184, 222-4

Eudaemonist 175

Evil 153, 156, 158, 160, 186, 193, 205, 207-14, 224, 225 mixed 208, 209, 211 positive value of 216-22, 225

Evolution 46-8, 54-8

Evolutionistic 46, 50, 52, 54, 58

Existence dist. from being 110-12 judgments about 123-5 relation to value 115-18, 118-22, 125-6, 194, 196, 197-9, 206, 210, 216, 219, 220, 221, 225

Expediency 167-70, 181

Feeling supposed analogy to cognition 129-31, 141 supposed bearing on Ethics 129-31, 141

Fiction 121-2

Freedom, value of 86, 186

Freedom (of Will) 127

God 82, 102-4 love of 113, 194, 195-6, 200

Good indefinable 6-16, 41, 79, 110-11, 142-4 = means to good 21, 24 the Absolute 183, 184, 186 the Human 183, 184, 186 mixed and unmixed 208, 209, 214, 215, 217, 219-20, 224 my own 97-9, 101, 170 ‘private’ 99 the 8-9, 18 ‘Universal’ 99-102 Will 174-5, 179 n. 2, 180

Green, T. H. 139

Guyau, M. 46

Habit 171, 175-6, 177

Hatred 211, 214 of beautiful and good 211, 217, 225 of evil and ugly 178, 217, 218, 220, 221, 225

Health 42-3, 65, 157, 167

Heaven 115, 174, 183, 185, 195 upon Earth 186

Hedonism 39, 52, 59-63, 90-1, 96, 108-9, 174 Egoistic 18 Ethical 70, 144 Intuitionistic 59, 74-6, 144 Naturalistic 46, 50, 53, 54, 68, 104, 105 Psychological 18, 68, 69, 70, 73 Universalistic 103

Hegel 30, 34, 110

Heteronomous 127

Higher 48-9, 78

Hobbes 97

Honesty 175-6

Hypothetical laws 22, 155

Ideal three meanings of 183-4 the 183, 185, 205-7, 220-1

Idealistic 130, 205

Imagination, value of 193, 194, 196, 197, 210, 219, 220, 221, 224

Imperative 128

Industry 157, 167

Intention 179 n. 1

Interest 102 meaning of 97-8, 106, 170-1 dist. from ‘duty’ 170-1, 181

Intrinsic evil 207, 213, 218, 224 value 17, 21, 25-30, 36, 147, 173-7, 187, 189, 207, 214-16, 222-4

Intuition = proposition incapable of proof 59, 77, 108 in psychological sense 75, 79, 85, 92, 108, 144, 148-9, 173

Intuitionism in Sidgwick’s sense 59, 76, 144 in proper sense 106, 148

Judgment error of 192-3 two types of ethical 21, 23-7, 115, 146, 148, 222, 224

Justice 178

Justify 97, 101, 147, 163

Kant 110, 129 ‘Copernican revolution’ 133 value of Good Will 174-5, 179 n. 2, 180 value of Happiness 174-5 theory of judgment 125 ‘Kingdom of Ends’ 113 ‘practical love’ 179 connection of ‘goodness’ with ‘will’ 126-8

Knowledge involves truth of object 132, 134 involves belief 194 value of 82, 86, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 211, 221

Lasciviousness 209-10

Law ethical 155 hypothetical 22, 155 legal 126, 128 moral 126-8, 146, 148, 160, 162, 165 natural 26, 29, 57, 126, 183, 186 scientific 22-3, 124, 155

Legal 126, 128

Leibniz 125

Life 15, 46, 50, 52, 156

Logical dependence 61, 110, 118, 122, 139, 143-4 fallacy 140-1

Love Christ and Kant on 179 of beautiful and good 177-9, 199, 204, 217, 224 of evil and ugly 209, 210, 211, 217, 225

Lucian 45

Lust 209-10, 218

Lying 154

Mackenzie, Prof. J. S. 114, 120

Material qualities, value of 204, 205-7, 221, 225

Matter, value of 205-7

Meaning, ‘to have no’ 31, 34-5

Means = cause or necessary condition 18, 21-3, 89, 180 dist. from ‘part of organic whole’ 27, 29-30, 32, 220 goodness as, dist. from intrinsic value 21, 24, 26, 27, 37, 72, 74, 79-81, 89, 90, 94-5, 106-7, 115, 118, 173-4, 178, 187, 195-6, 197-8, 216, 223 ‘not justified by end’ 147, 163

Mental beauty of 203-5, 225 value of 205-7

Mercy 178

Metaphysical 39, 58, 110-15, 139-40

Method of discovering intrinsic value 20, 36, 59-60, 64, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 142-5, 173, 185-6, 187-8, 195, 197-8, 206-7, 209, 223 of discovering value as means 22-3, 146, 148-54, 172-3

Mill, J. S. 145 Hedonism 63-81, 108 naturalistic fallacy 40, 66-7, 69, 72-3, 74, 104, 108 Psychological Hedonism 68, 72, 73-4 quality of pleasure 77-81, 108 Utilitarianism 104-5

Moral approbation 171 law 126-8, 146, 148, 160, 162, 165 obligation 128 sentiment 168, 178, 217-19

Motive 67, 70, 177, 178-80

Murder 148, 151, 154, 156-7, 178

Natural laws 26, 29, 57, 126, 183, 186 objects and properties 13-14, 39-41, 58, 110-11 selection 47

Natural = normal 42-4, 58

Natural = necessary 44-5, 58

Naturalism 20, 40, 58, 144

Naturalistic Ethics 39-41, 58, 59 fallacy 10, 13-14, 18-20, 38-9, 48, 57, 58, 61, 64, 66-7, 69, 72-3, 74, 104, 108, 114, 118, 124, 125, 139, 173, 176, 201 Hedonism 46, 50, 53, 54, 68, 104, 105

Nature 40-1, 110, 111, 112

Nature, life according to 41-2, 113

Nature, value of 188, 193, 195, 200, 206

Necessity analytic 22, 33-4, 35, 220, 221 causal or natural 29, 31-2, 34, 186, 187

New Testament 177, 178, 179

Object of cognition 141, 191, 192, 193, 211 of desire 68-70 natural 13-14, 39-41, 58, 110-11

Objective 82, 201

Obligation moral 103, 128, 147

Obligatory 25, 148, 170

Organic relation, unity, whole common usage 30-6 my own usage 27-31, 32-3, 36, 93, 96, 149, 184, 187, 189, 190, 202, 206, 208, 212, 215, 220, 223

Ought to aim at 24-6, 100 to do 26, 105, 115, 116, 117, 127, 128, 140, 146, 148, 173, 180, 223 to be or exist 17, 115, 118, 127, 128, 148, 173, 180, 223

Pain 64, 65, 210, 212-4, 217, 222-3, 225

Particular 3-4

Perception 111, 112, 134, 136

Pessimism 51, 53, 156

Plato on Egoism 98 on goods 178 on Hedonism 88 on value of Knowledge 199 on universal truths 111

Pleasure 12-13, 16 consciousness of 87-91, 109, 212 as criterion 91-2, 108 and desire 68-71, 73-4 and ‘pleasures’ 79 ‘quality of’ 77-81 value of 39, 46, 50-4, 59-66, 71-2, 74-5, 79-81, 83, 85-96, 144, 146, 171, 173, 174, 188, 205, 212-14, 222-3

Pity 217, 221

Positive science 39

Possible action 150-1

Practical 216, 221 Ethics 115-18, 140, 146, 149, 151, 154, 180, 222 Philosophy 2

Practice 2, 20

Praise 171

Preference 77-9, 131

Promises 157

Property, respect of 157

Propositions, types of 123-6

Prove 11, 65, 66, 74, 75-7, 99, 112, 137, 141, 143, 145, 169, 181

Prudence 168 ‘Maxim of’ 102-4

Psychological 11, 130, 140, 148 Hedonism 18, 68, 69, 70, 73

Punishment 164 retributive or vindictive 214, 215, 216, 221

Reason 143-4

Representative art 193

Reward 174

Right 18, 24-5, 105, 146, 180, 216, 218, 223 dist. from ‘duty’ 148 relation to expediency 167 externally 176-7 internally 179 n. 1

Romantic style 215-16

Rousseau 42

Sanctions 159, 164

Secondary qualities 206

Self-evidence 143, 144, 148, 181

Self-realisation 113, 114, 120, 188

Self-sacrifice 170

Sensation 134

Sensationalist 130

Sidgwick, Henry 145 value of beauty 81-4, 85-7 on Bentham 17-19 rationality of Egoism 99-103 ‘good’ unanalysable 17 Hedonism 59, 63, 64, 81-7, 91-6, 108-9 ‘method’ of Intuitionism 59, 92-4 value of knowledge 82, 86 neglects principle of organic wholes 93 pleasure as criterion 91-2, 94-5 quality of pleasure 77, 81 value of unconscious 81-4

Sins 161

Spencer, Herbert 46, 48-58

Spinoza 110, 113

Spiritual, value of 205-6

Summum Bonum 183, 205

Stoics 41, 110

Synthetic 7, 58, 143

Taste, error of 192-3, 211

Taylor, A. E. 60

Temperance 157, 168

Theodicies 220

Tragedy 219, 221

Truth relation to existence 111, 124-5 cognition 130, 132-4, 136, 141, 196 knowledge 134, 194 types of 111-12, 124-5 value of 85-6, 193-200, 208, 210, 211, 212

Tyndall 40

Ugly 208, 209-11, 214, 216-19, 221

Ultimate end 51, 83, 85, 96-7, 99-102, 183, 189

Unity 222 organic, see ‘Organic’

Universal Good 99-102 truths 21-3, 27, 57, 111, 126, 154-5, 181

Universalistic Hedonism 103

Useful 106, 146, 167

Utilitarianism 63, 96, 99, 104-7, 109

Utopias 183, 186

Value intrinsic 17, 21, 25-30, 36, 147, 173-7, 187, 189, 207, 214-16, 222-4 as means 21, 174, 195-6 negative 215, 216

Vice 171, 209, 211

Virtue definition of 171-3, 181, 223 three kinds of 175 mixed 221 relation to ‘duty’ 172 value of 83, 85, 86, 87, 173-80, 181-2, 217-19, 221-2

Volition supposed coordination with cognition 129-30, 133, 135-6, 141 supposed bearing on Ethics 130, 136, 141

Whole good as a 208, 214-16, 219, 221 good on the 214-16, 219, 220, 221 organic, see ‘Organic’

Wickedness 220

Will as criterion of value 137-8 relation to duty 160, 161, 180 the Good 174-5, 179 n. 2, 180 supposed analogy to cognition 129-30, 135-6 supposed bearing on Ethics 126-7, 128-31, 135-9, 141

Wrong 180, 218, 223

PRINTED IN ENGLAND BY J. B. PEACE, M.A. AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

FOOTNOTES