Index

Abbevillian, 48;

core-biface tool, 44, 48

Acheulean, 48, 60

Acheuleo-Levalloisian, 63

Acheuleo-Mousterian, 63

Adams, R. M., 106

Adzes, 45

Africa, east, 67, 89;

north, 70, 89;

south, 22, 25, 34, 40, 67

Agriculture, incipient, in England, 140;

in Near East, 123

Ain Hanech, 48

Amber, taken from Baltic to Greece, 167

American Indians, 90, 142

Anatolia, used as route to Europe, 138

Animals, in caves, 54, 64;

in cave art, 85

Antevs, Ernst, 19

Anyathian, 47

Archeological interpretation, 8

Archeology, defined, 8

Architecture, at Jarmo, 128;

at Jericho, 133

Arrow, points, 94;

shaft straightener, 83

Art, in caves, 84;

East Spanish, 85;

figurines, 84;

Franco-Cantabrian, 84, 85;

movable (engravings, modeling, scratchings), 83;

painting, 83;

sculpture, 83

Asia, western, 67

Assemblage, defined, 13, 14;

European, 94;

Jarmo, 129;

Maglemosian, 94;

Natufian, 113

Aterian, industry, 67;

point, 89

Australopithecinae, 24

Australopithecine, 25, 26

Awls, 77

Axes, 62, 94

Ax-heads, 15

Azilian, 97

Aztecs, 145

Baghouz, 152

Bakun, 134

Baltic sea, 93

Banana, 107

Barley, wild, 108

Barrow, 141

Battle-axe folk, 164;

assemblage, 164

Beads, 80;

bone, 114

Beaker folk, 164;

assemblage, 164–165

Bear, in cave art, 85;

cult, 68

Belgium, 94

Belt cave, 126

Bering Strait, used as route to New World, 98

Bison, in cave art, 85

Blade, awl, 77;

backed, 75;

blade-core, 71;

end-scraper, 77;

stone, defined, 71;

strangulated (notched), 76;

tanged point, 76;

tools, 71, 75–80, 90;

tool tradition, 70

Boar, wild, in cave art, 85

Bogs, source of archeological materials, 94

Bolas, 54

Bordes, François, 62

Borer, 77

Boskop skull, 34

Boyd, William C., 35

Bracelets, 118

Brain, development of, 24

Breadfruit, 107

Breasted, James H., 107

Brick, at Jericho, 133

Britain, 94;

late prehistory, 163–175;

invaders, 173

Broch, 172

Buffalo, in China, 54;

killed by stampede, 86

Burials, 66, 86;

in “henges,” 164;

in urns, 168

Burins, 75

Burma, 90

Byblos, 134

Camel, 54

Cannibalism, 55

Cattle, wild, 85, 112;

in cave art, 85;

domesticated, 15;

at Skara Brae, 142

Caucasoids, 34

Cave men, 29

Caves, 62;

art in, 84

Celts, 170

Chariot, 160

Chicken, domestication of, 107

Chiefs, in food-gathering groups, 68

Childe, V. Gordon, 8

China, 136

Choukoutien, 28, 35

Choukoutienian, 47

Civilization, beginnings, 144, 149, 157;

meaning of, 144

Clactonian, 45, 47

Clay, used in modeling, 128;

baked, used for tools, 153

Club-heads, 82, 94

Colonization, in America, 142;

in Europe, 142

Combe Capelle, 30

Combe Capelle-Brünn group, 34

Commont, Victor, 51

Coon, Carlton S., 73

Copper, 134

Corn, in America, 145

Corrals for cattle, 140

“Cradle of mankind,” 136

Cremation, 167

Crete, 162

Cro-Magnon, 30, 34

Cultivation, incipient, 105, 109, 111

Culture, change, 99;

characteristics, defined, 38, 49;

prehistoric, 39

Danube Valley, used as route from Asia, 138

Dates, 153

Deer, 54, 96

Dog, domesticated, 96

Domestication, of animals, 100, 105, 107;

of plants, 100

“Dragon teeth” fossils in China, 28

Drill, 77

Dubois, Eugene, 26

Early Dynastic Period, Mesopotamia, 147

East Spanish art, 72, 85

Egypt, 70, 126

Ehringsdorf, 31

Elephant, 54

Emiliani, Cesare, 18

Emiran flake point, 73

England, 163–168;

prehistoric, 19, 40;

farmers in, 140

Eoanthropus dawsoni, 29

Eoliths, 41

Erich, 152

Eridu, 152

Euphrates River, floods in, 148

Europe, cave dwellings, 58;

at end of Ice Age, 93;

early farmers, 140;

glaciers in, 40;

huts in, 86;

routes into, 137–140;

spread of food-production to, 136

Far East, 69, 90

Farmers, 103

Fauresmith industry, 67

Fayum, 135;

radiocarbon date, 146

“Fertile Crescent,” 107, 146

Figurines, “Venus,” 84;

at Jarmo, 128;

at Ubaid, 153

Fire, used by Peking man, 54

First Dynasty, Egypt, 147

Fish-hooks, 80, 94

Fishing, 80;

by food-producers, 122

Fish-lines, 80

Fish spears, 94

Flint industry, 127

Fontéchevade, 32, 56, 58

Food-collecting, 104, 121;

end of, 104

Food-gatherers, 53, 176

Food-gathering, 99, 104;

in Old World, 104;

stages of, 104

Food-producers, 176

Food-producing economy, 122;

in America, 145;

in Asia, 105

Food-producing revolution, 99, 105;

causes of, 101;

preconditions for, 100

Food-production, beginnings of, 99;

carried to Europe, 110

Food-vessel folk, 164

“Forest folk,” 97, 98, 104, 110

Fox, Sir Cyril, 174

France, caves in, 56

Galley Hill (fossil type), 29

Garrod, D. A., 73

Gazelle, 114

Germany, 94

Ghassul, 156

Glaciers, 18, 30;

destruction by, 40

Goat, wild, 108;

domesticated, 128

Grain, first planted, 20

Graves, passage, 141;

gallery, 141

Greece, civilization in, 163;

as route to western Europe, 138;

towns in, 162

Grimaldi skeletons, 34

Hackberry seeds used as food, 55

Halaf, 151;

assemblage, 151

Hallstatt, tradition, 169

Hand, development of, 24, 25

Hand adzes, 46

Hand axes, 44

Harpoons, antler, 83, 94;

bone, 82, 94

Hassuna, 131;

assemblage, 131, 132

Heidelberg, fossil type, 28

Hill-forts, in England, 171;

in Scotland, 172

Hilly flanks of Near East, 107, 108, 125, 131, 146, 147

History, beginning of, 7, 17

Hoes, 112

Holland, 164

Homo sapiens, 32

Hooton, E. A., 34

Horse, 112;

wild, in cave art, 85;

in China, 54

Hotu cave, 126

Houses, 122;

at Jarmo, 128;

at Halaf, 151

Howe, Bruce, 116

Howell, F. Clark, 30

Hunting, 93

Ice Age, in Asia, 99;

beginning of, 18;

glaciers in, 41;

last glaciation, 93

Incas, 145

India, 90, 136

Industrialization, 178

Industry, blade-tool, 88;

defined, 58;

ground stone, 94

Internationalism, 162

Iran, 107, 147

Iraq, 107, 124, 127, 136, 147

Iron, introduction of, 170

Irrigation, 123, 149, 155

Italy, 138

Jacobsen, T. J., 157

Jarmo, 109, 126, 128, 130;

assemblage, 129

Java, 23, 29

Java man, 26, 27, 29

Jefferson, Thomas, 11

Jericho, 119, 133

Judaidah, 134

Kafuan, 48

Kanam, 23, 36

Karim Shahir, 116–119, 124;

assemblage, 116, 117

Keith, Sir Arthur, 33

Kelley, Harper, 51

Kharga, 126

Khartoum, 136

Knives, 80

Krogman, W. M., 3, 25

Lamps, 85

Land bridges in Mediterranean, 19

La Tène phase, 170

Laurel leaf point, 78, 89

Leakey, L. S. B., 40

Le Moustier, 57

Levalloisian, 47, 61, 62

Levalloiso-Mousterian, 47, 63

Little Woodbury, 170

Magic, used by hunters, 123

Maglemosian, assemblage, 94, 95;

folk, 98

Makapan, 40

Mammoth, 93;

in cave art, 85

“Man-apes,” 26

Mango, 107

Mankind, age, 17

Maringer, J., 45

Markets, 155

Marston, A. T., 11

Mathiassen, T., 97

McCown, T. D., 33

Meganthropus, 26, 27, 36

Men, defined, 25;

modern, 32

Merimde, 135

Mersin, 133

Metal-workers, 160, 163, 167, 172

Micoquian, 48, 60

Microliths, 87;

at Jarmo, 130;

“lunates,” 87;

trapezoids, 87;

triangles, 87

Minerals used as coloring matter, 66

Mine-shafts, 140

M’lefaat, 126, 127

Mongoloids, 29, 90

Mortars, 114, 118, 127

Mounds, how formed, 12

Mount Carmel, 11, 33, 52, 59, 64, 69, 113, 114

“Mousterian man,” 64

“Mousterian” tools, 61, 62;

of Acheulean tradition, 62

Movius, H. L., 47

Natufian, animals in, 114;

assemblage, 113, 114, 115;

burials, 114;

date of, 113

Neanderthal man, 29, 30, 31, 56

Near East, beginnings of civilization in, 20, 144;

cave sites, 58;

climate in Ice Age, 99;

“Fertile Crescent,” 107, 146;

food-production in, 99;

Natufian assemblage in, 113–115;

stone tools, 114

Needles, 80

Negroid, 34

New World, 90

Nile River valley, 102, 134;

floods in, 148

Nuclear area, 106, 110;

in Near East, 107

Obsidian, used for blade tools, 71;

at Jarmo, 130

Ochre, red, with burials, 86

Oldowan, 48

Old World, 67, 70, 90;

continental phases in, 18

Olorgesailie, 40, 51

Ostrich, in China, 54

Ovens, 128

Oxygen isotopes, 18

Paintings in caves, 83

Paleoanthropic man, 50

Palestine, burials, 56;

cave sites, 52;

types of man, 69

Parpallo, 89

Patjitanian, 45, 47

Pebble tools, 42

Peking cave, 54;

animals in, 54

Peking man, 27, 28, 29, 54, 58

Pendants, 80;

bone, 114

Pestle, 114

Peterborough, 141;

assemblage, 141

Pictographic signs, 158

Pig, wild, 108

“Piltdown man,” 29

Pins, 80

Pithecanthropus, 26, 27, 30, 36

Pleistocene, 18, 25

Plows developed, 123

Points, arrow, 76;

laurel leaf, 78;

shouldered, 78, 79;

split-based bone, 80, 82;

tanged, 76;

willow leaf, 78

Potatoes, in America, 145

Pottery, 122, 130, 156;

decorated, 142;

painted, 131, 151, 152;

Susa style, 156;

in tombs, 141

Prehistory, defined, 7;

range of, 18

Pre-neanderthaloids, 30, 31, 37

Pre-Solutrean point, 89

Pre-Stellenbosch, 48

Proto-Literate assemblage, 157–160

Race, 35;

biological, 36;

“pure,” 16

Radioactivity, 9, 10

Radioactive carbon dates, 18, 92, 120, 130, 135, 156

Redfield, Robert, 38, 49

Reed, C. A., 128

Reindeer, 94

Rhinoceros, 93;

in cave art, 85

Rhodesian man, 32

Riss glaciation, 58

Rock-shelters, 58;

art in, 85

Saccopastore, 31

Sahara Desert, 34, 102

Samarra, 152;

pottery, 131, 152

Sangoan industry, 67

Sauer, Carl, 136

Sbaikian point, 89

Schliemann, H., 11, 12

Scotland, 171

Scraper, flake, 79;

end-scraper on blade, 77, 78;

keel-shaped, 79, 80, 81

Sculpture in caves, 83

Sebilian III, 126

Shaheinab, 135

Sheep, wild, 108;

at Skara Brae, 142;

in China, 54

Shellfish, 142

Ship, Ubaidian, 153

Sialk, 126, 134;

assemblage, 134

Siberia, 88;

pathway to New World, 98

Sickle, 112, 153;

blade, 113, 130

Silo, 122

Sinanthropus, 27, 30, 35

Skara Brae, 142

Snails used as food, 128

Soan, 47

Solecki, R., 116

Solo (fossil type), 29, 32

Solutrean industry, 77

Spear, shaft, 78;

thrower, 82, 83

Speech, development of organs of, 25

Squash, in America, 145

Steinheim fossil skull, 28

Stillbay industry, 67

Stonehenge, 166

Stratification, in caves, 12, 57;

in sites, 12

Swanscombe (fossil type), 11, 28

Syria, 107

Tabun, 60, 71

Tardenoisian, 97

Taro, 107

Tasa, 135

Tayacian, 47, 59

Teeth, pierced, in beads and pendants, 114

Temples, 123, 155

Tepe Gawra, 156

Ternafine, 29

Teshik Tash, 69

Textiles, 122

Thong-stropper, 80

Tigris River, floods in, 148

Toggle, 80

Tomatoes, in America, 145

Tombs, megalithic, 141

Tool-making, 42, 49

Tool-preparation traditions, 65

Tools, 62;

antler, 80;

blade, 70, 71, 75;

bone, 66;

chopper, 47;

core-biface, 43, 48, 60, 61;

flake, 44, 47, 51, 60, 64;

flint, 80, 127;

ground stone, 68, 127;

handles, 94;

pebble, 42, 43, 48, 53;

use of, 24

Touf (mud wall), 128

Toynbee, A. J., 101

Trade, 130, 155, 162

Traders, 167

Traditions, 15;

blade tool, 70;

definition of, 51;

interpretation of, 49;

tool-making, 42, 48;

chopper-tool, 47;

chopper-chopping tool, 45;

core-biface, 43, 48;

flake, 44, 47;

pebble tool, 42, 48

Tool-making, prehistory of, 42

Turkey, 107, 108

Ubaid, 153;

assemblage, 153–155

Urnfields, 168, 169

Village-farming community era, 105, 119

Wad B, 72

Wadjak, 34

Warka phase, 156;

assemblage, 156

Washburn, Sherwood L., 36

Water buffalo, domestication of, 107

Weidenreich, F., 29, 34

Wessex, 166, 167

Wheat, wild, 108;

partially domesticated, 127

Willow leaf point, 78

Windmill Hill, 138;

assemblage, 138, 140

Witch doctors, 68

Wool, 112;

in garments, 167

Writing, 158;

cuneiform, 158

Würm I glaciation, 58

Zebu cattle, domestication of, 107

Zeuner, F. E., 73