INDEX

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y, Z

‘Aging’ of clay, 19-20 Alcora, attempts to make porcelain at, 324 ‘Alumina’ Company at Copenhagen, 388 Alumina, proportion of, in hard pastes, 7, 385 Amiot, Père, sends china from Pekin, 52 note, 298 note Amoy, export of porcelain from, 127, 142 —— stoneware made near, 166 Annam, porcelain made in, 175 Arab trade with China, 209 —— traders, Chinese porcelain distributed by, 210 seq. —— writers on Chinese porcelain, 60, 209-217 Arabian Nights, Martabani ware mentioned, 216 Arabic inscriptions on Chinese porcelain, 94 Aranjuez, porcelain gabineto at, 323 Arita, porcelain district of Japan, 181-182, 193 Armorial china, 164, 253, 369 —— —— decorated at Canton, 114, 164 Arras, porcelain made at, 289 Arrow-holders in Chinese porcelain, 139 Assyrian and Babylonian glazes, 33 Augustus the Strong, collects Chinese porcelain, 159 —— —— his collection of porcelain, 227 —— —— porcelain in exchange for dragoons, 228 —— —— his taste as a collector, 244-245 Augustus the Strong, his ambition to imitate Oriental porcelain, 245 Bachelier, art inspector at Sèvres, 291 —— his memoir on the Sèvres works, 290 —— quoted, 294, 295, 296, 301 Bacon, John, modeller at Bow, 348 Barbin at Mennecy, 287 Barbotine, or slip, 19, 312 Batavian porcelain, 102 —— —— term how used, 223 Baxter, family of enamellers, 362-363, 369 Belleek porcelain, 374 Bemrose, Mr., on Derby porcelain, 350 Berlin, Meissen staff removed to, 262 —— Wegeli’s earlier porcelain, 262 —— contemporary porcelain, 389, 391 —— porcelain and Frederick the Great, 262 —— —— methods of sale, 263 —— —— marks on, 264 Bertin, the French minister, his Chinese porcelain, 52 note, 298 note Billingsley, W., 366, 367-368, 371 Bing and Gröndhal factory at Copenhagen, 388, 393 Binns, Mr., documents relating to English porcelain, 357, 358 Biscuit oven, 27 Bismuth used in glaze, 374, 388, 390 Black glazes on Chinese porcelain, 149 Bloor, Robert, at Derby, 356 ‘Blue and white,’ origin of Chinese, 75, 156 —— —— of Ming period, 81-85, 157 —— —— how distinguished, 83 —— —— of Wan-li period, 95, 157 —— —— Chinese name for, 155 —— —— Chinese porcelain, 155-160 —— —— earliest Chinese, 156 —— —— origin of Chinese, 156 —— —— Chinese porcelain, with hatched lines, 160 Blue decoration sous couverte, 43 —— enamel, difficulty of successful application, 99 note —— —— used with famille verte, 101 Boccaro ware, made in China, 166 —— —— imitated by Böttger, 247 Bohemia, Northern, contemporary porcelain, 392 Bondy, Rue de, Paris, factory at, 313 Bone, Henry, employed at Bristol, 381 —— —— paints on slabs of porcelain, 381 Bone-ash in English porcelain, 329, 330, 338, 343, 372-373 Borneo, Chinese porcelain found in, 156, 209-210 —— Chinese trade with, 209 Böttger, his life, 246-248 —— as an alchemist, 246, 248 —— his porcelain at the Leipsic Fair, 247, 249 —— compared with other great potters, 250 —— assistance from Dutch potters, 250 note —— the number of his experiments with enamels and glazes, 252 Böttger-ware, polished, 248 —— with enamel colours, 249 —— with brown glaze, 249 Boucher, his models used at Sèvres, 296 Bourbon, Duc de, and Chantilly, 286 Bow, fragments of porcelain found at, 343 —— nature of porcelain there made, 344-345 —— Craft’s punch-bowl, 345-346 —— marks on porcelain, 348 —— factory, origin of, 342 —— —— bought by Duesbury, 352 —— porcelain, 342-348 Brameld, Thomas, and Rockingham porcelain, 372 Brancas Lauraguais, experiments with kaolin, 305, 313, 378, 379 Brinkley, Captain, on Japanese ceramics, 194 —— —— quoted, 196 Bristol porcelain, 379-386 —— —— marks on, 380 —— —— colours on statuettes, 381-382 —— —— medallions with floral wreaths, 382 —— —— ‘cottage china,’ 382 —— —— glaze on, 382 —— —— hardness of paste, 384 —— —— great infusibility, 384 —— —— composition, 384 —— —— plasticity of clay, 384 British Museum, Oriental porcelain in, 53 Brongniart, director at Sèvres, 303 —— sells stock of undecorated Sèvres soft paste, 304 —— introduces severe type of paste, 307 —— his influence at Sèvres, 308-309 Bronzes, early Chinese, influence of shapes on porcelain, 57 Brown glazes of Chinese, 74 note Brühl, Count, armorial china for, 253 Brunswick, Duke of, and Fürstenberg porcelain, 265 Buen Retiro, Madrid, porcelain factory at, 322-324 Buonicelli, director at Buen Retiro, 323 Burke at Bristol, 383 Burleigh House, early Chinese porcelain formerly at, 85, 222 Bushell, Dr., work on Chinese porcelain, 15, 54, 91, 153 —— translations from Chinese works on Korea, 171 —— manuscript, 61 —— —— quoted, 86, 138 Cailloux in French porcelain, 16 Canton, early Arab trade, 209 —— enamellers on porcelain, 108, 114, 164, 165 Capo di Monte, Naples, porcelain factory at, 318-320 Capo di Monte factory removed to Portici, 320 Carlos, Don, at Naples, makes porcelain, 319 —— —— now Charles iii. of Spain, carries his workmen to Buen Retiro, 319 Cassettes. See Seggars. Casting, process described, 25, 354 —— used for Derby statuettes, 354 Catherine ii., her Sèvres dinner-service, 298 Caughley porcelain, 365 Celadon glazes, 42 —— word used in restricted sense, 64 —— of Sung dynasty, 63-65, 132, 144 —— origin of term, 64 note —— early examples in European collections, 71 —— later Chinese ware, 145 —— made in Siam, 173, 212 note —— Japanese, 192, 195, 197 —— old pieces in Japan, 178, 201 —— (martabani) in Persia, 215 —— earliest specimen at Oxford, 218 Censors, influence of, on Chinese arts, 74 Ch’ai yao, early Chinese ware, 62 Chambrelans or chamberers, term explained, 303 Champion, R., 375, 377, 379, 382-383 Chang, the elder and younger brothers, 65 Cha-no-yu, Japanese tea ceremony, 178 Chantilly, porcelain made at, 285-287 —— sprig pattern, 286 —— marks on porcelain, 287 Chao Ju-kua, his report on early Chinese trade, 210 Chardin on porcelain in Persia, 215 Charlottenburg factory, 389, 391 Chelsea-Derby porcelain, 341, 352-355 —— —— marks on, 352 —— —— new forms introduced, 352-353 —— —— statuettes made by ‘casting,’ 354 Chelsea factory, site of, 335 —— —— end of, 341 —— porcelain, 331-342 Chelsea porcelain, an early ware, 332 —— —— marks on earliest pieces, 332 —— —— Japanese wares imitated, 336 —— —— sales of, 337, 341 —— —— claret colour on, 338, 340 —— —— use of gold on, 338 —— —— rococo forms, 339 —— —— turquoise on, 339 —— —— statuettes, 340 —— —— models of birds and fruit, 340 —— —— marks on, 342 Cheng-hua (1464-87), use of date-mark, 82 —— enamelled ware, 86 —— porcelain of, 93 Cheng-tai enamels on copper, 88, 93 Cheng-te (1505-21), porcelain of, 94 Cheng-tung (1435-49), double date-mark, 93 Cheyne Row called China Row, 333 ‘Chicken cups’ of Cheng-hua, 93 Chicoineau family, 240, 282, 284, 288 Chimie, in French soft pastes, 280 China collecting, ridicule attached to, 61, 243 —— origin of English term, 222 —— clay. See Kaolin. —— stone (see also Petuntse), 9, 10 —— —— preparation of, 16 Chinese characters, varieties of, 117-118 —— porcelain exported to different countries, 50 —— —— influence of old traditions, 51 —— —— mistakes in early classification, 52 —— —— late origin compared to other arts, 56 —— —— survival of old types, 58 —— —— classification of, 58, 141 —— —— old native accounts of, 60 —— —— composition of early wares, 69 —— —— plain white ware, 141-144 —— —— unglazed ware, 144 —— stonewares, 165-167 —— trade with the West, 209 seq. Ching (blue), Julien’s wrong use of word, 64 note Ching-tsu, Chinese term for celadon, 64 Chini, Persian word for china or porcelain, 49 note, 222 Christian subjects on Chinese and Japanese porcelain, 133, 182 Chromium, as a source of green, 304, 309 Chün yao, early Chinese ware, 65, 152 —— —— numbers engraved on, 66 Church Gresley porcelain, 371 Church, Prof., on composition of porcelain, 5, 69, 241, 338, 343, 370, 384 Ciron, Ciquaire, at Chantilly, 285 ‘Clair-de-lune’ glaze (yueh-pai), 105, 148 Clignancourt, Paris, factory at, 313 Cloisonné enamels on Japanese porcelain, 203 Coalport or Coalbrookdale porcelain, 366 Cobalt blue, sources of that used by Chinese, 40, 75 note, 92 —— —— how prepared by Chinese, 130 —— —— grounds of Chinese, 148 Coloured pastes, 40, 311 Colours used in decoration of porcelain (see also Enamels), 39 —— resistance to fire, 41 Condé, house of, and Chantilly, 285-287 Constantin, painter on porcelain, 271 Contemporary porcelain, 387-394 —— —— use of new colours and glazes, 389-390 Cookworthy, William, 375-380 —— —— search for china-clay, 376-377 Copenhagen, porcelain made at, 274 —— contemporary work, 388, 393 —— Japanese influence, 388 Copper-red under glaze, 80, 130 —— —— examples in British Museum, 81 —— —— of Hsuan-te, 92 Copper-red glazes on Chinese porcelain, 150-154 Coral-red grounds on Chinese porcelain, 115 Cornflower or barbeau on porcelain, 313, 355 Cornwall, search for materials for porcelain, 359, 376-378 Cottage china made at Bristol, 382 Courtille, La, Paris, factory at, 313 Couverte, French term for glaze, 31 Cozzi, makes porcelain at Venice, 317 Crackle ware, old Chinese (Ko yao), 65 —— —— Chinese, varieties of, 45 —— —— glazes of, 145 —— —— equivalent to Ko yao, 145 —— —— Korean, 171 Craft, Thomas, his punch-bowl, 345-346 ‘Crazing’ of glazes, 32 ‘Crow-claws,’ term explained, 29 —— marks of, on Japanese porcelain, 191 ‘Crusader’s Cup’ at Dresden, 77, 152, 217 Danish porcelain, 273, 388, 393 Darwin, Dr., letter to Wedgwood, 378 Date-marks on Chinese porcelain, 82 —— —— method of reckoning, 91 note —— —— cyclical, 110 note —— —— two systems, 118 —— —— how written, 118 —— —— earliest example, 119 —— —— those of Kang-he rare, 119 —— —— on Sèvres porcelain, 302 Dauphin, collector of Oriental porcelain, 230 Decoration of porcelain, Tang-ying’s principles, 112 Dégourdi, Feu, term explained, 26 Delft ware, early imitations of Chinese porcelain in, 224 —— —— competition with Chinese porcelain, 234 —— —— in England, 240 Demi grand feu, term explained, 59 —— —— glazes of, 98 —— —— ware of, 79, 106 Derby biscuit, or bisque, 353-354 —— porcelain, 350-357 —— —— little known of early period, 351 —— —— sold in London, 351 —— —— degenerate patterns, 355 —— —— ‘old Japan’ copied, 355 —— —— marks on, 356 Dietrich, ‘professor of painting’ at Meissen, 256 Dillwyn, L. W., at Swansea, 367-368 Doccia, near Florence, porcelain factory at, 320-322 —— Chinese white ware and Capo di Monte porcelain imitated, 321 —— contemporary work, 394 Dresden, Chinese porcelain at, 161 —— Ethnographical Museum, Chinese porcelain from various lands, 211 —— Oriental porcelain presented by Grand Duke of Tuscany, 228 —— collection of porcelain, 227, 245 —— approximate date of bulk of specimens, 228 —— porcelain. See Meissen porcelain. Duesbury, William, 341, 342, 349, 350-352, 356 —— and Longton Hall, 349 Duesbury’s work-book, quotations from, 350-351 Duplessis, the king’s goldsmith, at Sèvres, 291, 296 Dutch dealers supply Augustus of Saxony with porcelain, 228 —— painters, Chinese porcelain in their pictures, 159 —— trade with China, 220 —— —— with Japan, 183-184 Dwight, Dr., attempts to make porcelain at Fulham, 240-241 —— —— nature of the paste made by him, 241 —— Lydia, stoneware figure of, 242 Earthenware, term used to include porcelain, 334 note Egg-shell porcelain, 107 Egypt, Chinese porcelain found in, 158, 211, 212, 215, 216 Egyptian fayence and glazes, 33 Eisen-porzellan of Böttger, 248 Empress-Dowager of China a connoisseur of porcelain, 115-116 Enamel colours on Meissen porcelain, 251-252 Enamelled fayence compared with porcelain, 73 —— porcelain, Saracenic origin of, 87, 88 Enamelled porcelain of Ming dynasty, 86-91, 161 —— —— three classes, 90 Enamels, always superimposed on glaze, 31 —— relation to subjacent glaze, 45 —— on European porcelain, 45 —— on Chinese porcelain, 45-48 —— on Japanese porcelain, 192 —— firing of, 46 —— new sources of colour, 48 —— —— at Sèvres, 309 —— on copper, influence on porcelain enamels, 88 Encastage, term explained, 28 England, how Chinese porcelain first reached, 219, 221, 223 —— early attempts to make porcelain in, 240-242 English porcelain, rival influence of Sèvres and Dresden, 328 —— —— copies Oriental and Continental models, 328 —— —— three types of soft-paste, 330 —— —— royal patronage, 329, 335, 356 —— —— divided into five periods, 331 —— —— contemporary work, 390-391 —— trade with East, 221 Engobe. See Slip. D’Entrecolles, Père, his letters, how written, 126 —— —— reception of letters in Europe, 126 —— —— summary of letters, 127-136 European enamelling on white Chinese porcelain, 165 —— influence on Chinese porcelain, 109, 135, 159, 162 —— market, Chinese porcelain for, 163-164 —— porcelain, early attempts at manufacture, 235-243 Façonnage, or shaping, 20 Falconet, his models used at Sèvres, 296 Famille rose, 106-110 —— —— European influence on painting, 109 Famille verte, 98-102 —— —— with black ground, 100 —— —— relation to Ming enamels, 100 Favorite, La, near Baden, porcelain cabinet, 227 Fawkner, Sir Everard, and Chelsea porcelain, 335-337 Fayence, enamelled, competition with porcelain in seventeenth century, 233 —— —— practical disadvantages of, 234 Felspar, 9, 10 —— decomposition of, 10 —— how far equivalent to china-stone, 16 note, 251 —— pure, used in Danish and Swedish porcelain, 388, 393 Feng Ting ware, white Chinese porcelain, 68, 142 Firing of porcelain, chemical reaction, 11 —— —— systems described, 26, 191 —— —— at King-te-chen, 133 Fischer, Herr, at Herend, 271, 392 Flambé glazes, 42 —— —— on Chinese porcelain, 152 —— —— firing of, 152, 153 —— —— how painted on, 153 —— ware, early type, 66 Florence, porcelain made in sixteenth century. See Medici. Flour-spar used in glaze at Fürstenberg, 265 Flowers in porcelain at Meissen, 254, 293 note —— —— at Vincennes, 293 Fond laque on Chinese porcelain, 102 —— —— much found in Persia, 147 Forms of Chinese porcelain, 137-141 —— of Japanese porcelain, 192 Fostât rubbish-heaps, fragment of Chinese porcelain found in, 216 Fouliang, Annals of, 127 France, early collectors of Oriental porcelain in, 229-231 Francesco, Grand Duke of Tuscany, makes porcelain, 237 Frankenthal, porcelain made at, 267 Franks, Sir A. W., on Oriental china, 53, 121, 185 —— —— on Strassburg porcelain, 270 —— —— on Parisian kilns, 314 —— —— on Lowestoft porcelain, 370 Frederick the Great and porcelain, 255, 262, 274, 275, 335 Frits, used in French soft pastes, 279 Frye, Thomas, at Bow, 342-343 Fuel used in firing porcelain, 28 Fukien, Chinese province, two wares made, 66, 142 —— white porcelain, 142-143 —— —— imitated in Europe, 142 —— —— decorated in England, 144 —— enamelled porcelain, 143 Fulda, porcelain made at, 268 Fulham, Dr. Dwight attempts to make porcelain at, 240 Furnaces for firing porcelain, three types described, 27 —— for Chinese porcelain, 134 —— for Japanese porcelain, 191 —— for French soft pastes, 280 Fürstenberg, porcelain made at, 265 Fusibility of porcelain, experiments at Sèvres, 8, 18 Gardner, at Tver, makes porcelain, 275 Garnier, Édouard, late director at Sèvres, 310 —— —— report on contemporary porcelain, 389-394 Garniture, term explained, 23 —— de cheminée in Chinese porcelain, 139 Geneva, porcelain painters at, 271, 311 Gersaint, his catalogue of Oriental porcelain, 230 Ginori family at Doccia, 320-321 Glass, possible influence on early Chinese glazes, 57 —— made by Hu imitated in porcelain, 113 Glazes, 12, 30-38 —— preparation of, 30 —— applied to unbaked ware by Chinese, 30 Glazes, called oil by Chinese, 31 —— distinguished from enamels, 31 —— fusibility of, 32 —— on Egyptian fayence, 32 —— composition of ancient, 33, 144-154 —— three main classes of, 34 —— on Chinese porcelain, 35 —— relation to subjacent paste, 35 —— containing lime, 35-36 —— at Sèvres of two types, 36 —— on European porcelain, composition of, 36 —— on Chinese porcelain, composition of, 37 —— when first used by Chinese, 69 —— sole source of decoration on early Chinese porcelain, 70 —— for French soft pastes, 281 —— for hard pastes at Sèvres and Limoges, 306 ‘Glozing’ or glazing oven, 27 Gold as source of red colour (see also Rouge d’or), 89 Gotzkowski, Berlin banker, 262 Gotha, Museum at, early Chinese porcelain, 72, 174, 212 —— porcelain made at, 269 Gouyn, Charles, manager at Chelsea, 333 Granite, primary source of both kaolin and petuntse, 9 Granitic rocks, varieties of, 9 Granja, La, porcelain gabineto at, 323 Gravant, potter at Sèvres, 290, 294 Graviata bowls, 115 Green and blue enamels not successfully united by Chinese, 98 note —— —— on two vases of Ming porcelain in British Museum, 99 note —— glazes on Chinese porcelain, 149 —— of famille verte, how applied, 99-100 Grieninger, manager at Berlin, 263 Growan-stone and clay, 377 Hague, porcelain made at, 273, 389, 393 Hampton Court, Oriental porcelain at, 185, 225-226 Hampton Court, no specimens of famille rose or of ‘Old Japan,’ 225 —— —— age of porcelain represented at, 226 —— —— Queen Mary’s china cabinet, 226 Hancock, Robert, working at Battersea, 347 —— —— and transfer-printing, 360 Handles, fixing of, 23 Hannong family, Strassburg potters, 268, 269, 305, 313, 318 Hardness of porcelain, 5, 18 Haslem, J., on casting process at Derby, 26, 354 Hat-stands in Chinese porcelain, 139 Haviland factory at Limoges, 389, 390 Hellot, chemical adviser at Sèvres, 291, 300 —— his memoir quoted, 278-280, 294, 299 Herculaneum works at Liverpool, 371 Herend, in Hungary, porcelain factory at, 271, 392 Herold or Höroldt at Meissen, 253 Hippisley, translations from Chinese, 91 note Hirado or Mikôchi ware, 193-195 Hirth, Dr., on early Chinese trade, etc., 54, 210-213 —— —— collection of early Chinese porcelain, 72 Höchst, porcelain made at, 264 Holdship, Richard, 358 Holland, Chinese ‘blue and white’ early imported, 158 —— Chinese porcelain in, 229 —— porcelain made in, 272-274, 389, 393 Hookah-bases of Chinese porcelain, 140 Hsuan-te (1425-35), porcelain of, 92 —— blue and white of, 83 Hua-shi, a stone used in Chinese porcelain, 131, 376 Hungary, porcelain made in, 271, 392 Hung-chi (1487-1505), porcelain of, 93, 147 Hunger, at Vienna, 260 Hunger, at Venice, 317 Hybrid pastes of Italy, 316 Imari porcelain, 186-193 —— —— elements of decoration, 187 —— —— relation to early Chinese enamelled wares, 187-188 —— —— relation to other Japanese wares, 188 —— —— copied at King-te-chen, 188 note —— —— composition of paste, 190 —— —— source and nature of materials, 190 —— —— in Dresden collection, 229 Incense, vessels used in burning, of Chinese porcelain, 138 India, Chinese porcelain found in, 85, 158 —— porcelain enamelled at Canton for, 165 Insufflation of glaze by Chinese, 30 Iron-red in fine lines to imitate the rouge-d’or, examples at Dresden, 162 Jade, highly esteemed in China, 57 —— influence on early Chinese glazes, 57 Japan, early pottery of, 177, 179 —— Korean potters in, 179 —— porcelain of, 177-207 Japanese experts on Chinese porcelain, 55 —— porcelain, how introduced from China, 180-181 —— —— early export of ‘blue and white,’ 182 —— —— exported by Dutch, 183-184 —— —— sources of information, 183 note, 193 note —— —— export stimulated by troubles in China, 184 —— —— princely patronage of, 189, 194 —— —— founded on Ming types, 189, 197, 199 —— —— composition of paste, 190 Japanese porcelain, preliminary firing, 191 —— —— glazes how prepared, 191 —— —— furnaces, 191 —— —— marks of crows-feet, 191 —— —— shapes and uses, 192 —— —— colours employed, 192 —— —— celadon, 192, 195, 197, 201 —— —— stories of processes discovered by spies, 196, 202, 203 —— —— influence of conservative criticism on, 206 —— trade with China, 178 Julien, Stanislas, translations from Chinese, 53 Ju yao, early Chinese ware, 62 Kaga or Kutani ware, 203-206 Kai-feng Fu, old Sung capital, 62, 63, 65 Kakiyemon, a potter of Hizen, 183 —— ware, 185 —— —— blue enamel over glaze, 186 —— —— imitated at Meissen, 253 —— —— imitated at Chantilly, 286 Kändler at Meissen, 253 —— chief modeller of ‘Dresden figures,’ 253 Kang-he (1661-1722), porcelain of, 96 —— his date-mark, why rare, 119 Kaolin, 8, 10 —— preparation of, 16 —— proportion of, in hard pastes, 17, 385 —— search for in France, 305-306 —— found at Alençon and St. Yrieix, 305-306, 378 —— found in Cornwall, 376-378 Kaolinic stoneware, use of term, 69 Karl Theodor, Elector Palatine, 260, 267 Kenzan, potter at Kioto, 197 Khanfu, Arab name for Hangchow, 209 Kia-king (1795-1820), porcelain of, 114, 155 Kia-tsing (1521-66), porcelain of, 94 Kien-lung (1735-1795), porcelain of, 105-114 —— his poems inscribed on porcelain, 113 Kien-lung, Sèvres porcelain for, 298 Kien yao, old Chinese ware, 66, 180 —— —— example in British Museum, 71 —— —— white porcelain, 142, 143 Kilns for firing porcelain. See Furnaces. King-te-chen in early days, 62 —— oppression of court officials, 94 —— in Kang-he’s reign, 96 —— lists of porcelain made, 95, 104, 115 —— burned, 115, 125, 220 —— position, 123-125 —— Pekin, how reached from, 123 —— Canton, how reached from, 124 —— relation to Jao-chau and Fouliang, 124-125 —— description of town, 125, 127 —— materials brought down in junks, 128 —— foreign designs copied at, 165 —— works abandoned for long period in seventeenth century, 220 Kinsay or Hangchow, 62, 63, 209 Kioto, porcelain made at, 196-199 —— potters copied Ming enamelled wares, 198 —— wares, récherché rudeness of, 197 Kishiu ware or Ô-niwa yaki, 199 —— —— imitated for export at Tokiyo and Kobe, 200 Kiyomidzu, suburb of Kioto, porcelain made at, 197, 198 Kizayemon family, court purveyors of porcelain, 188 Kochi, meaning of Japanese term, 175 —— ware of Japanese, 201 Kok, Juriann, his new porcelain at the Hague, 389, 393 Koransha, combination of Japanese potters, 193 Korea, relations with China and Japan, 168 —— fanciful attribution of various wares to, 169, 186 Korean porcelain, classification of, 170 —— —— celadon, 170 —— —— plain white, 170 —— —— crackle ware, 171 Korean porcelain described in early Chinese books, 171 —— inlaid with white slip, 171 —— potters in Japan, 169 Koreans, early use of enamel colours by, 169 Kousnetzoff factory, Moscow, 392 Ko yao, early Chinese ware, 63, 65, 145 ‘Kronenburg porcelain,’ origin of name, 267 Kuang-tung porcelain of Raynal, 166 Kuang yao, stoneware, 166 —— —— early Chinese ware, 63 Kublai Khan, 72, 213 Kutani or Kaga ware, 203-206 —— ware, relation to Imari porcelain, 204 —— —— marks on, 205 Kwan-yin, statues of, 135, 143, 226 Lace imitated in porcelain at Berlin, 264 Lang Ting-tso, superintendent at King-te-chen, 96 note, 103, 151 Lang yao, origin of name, 103 Langen, von, at Fürstenberg, 265 —— —— at Copenhagen, 274 Laque Burgauté, 114 Lathe, use of, in shaping porcelain, 22 Lead in glaze, 33-34 Leithner, chemist at Vienna, 261 Lemon-yellow, opaque glaze on Chinese porcelain, 111-115 Lille, porcelain made at, 284 —— coal early used in porcelain kilns, 285 Lime in paste or glaze of porcelain, 35-36, 251 Limoges district, porcelain works in, 15, 314-315, 389-390 —— enamel copied in Chinese porcelain, 135 note Lister, Dr. Martin, at Saint-Cloud, 282, 326 Lists of porcelain made for Chinese court, 95, 115 Lithophanic porcelain, at Berlin, 264 Littler at Longton Hall, 348 Liverpool porcelain, 370-371 London, West of England porcelain painted in, 363, 366, 369 Longton Hall porcelain, 348-349 Lowestoft and Oriental armorial porcelain, 369-370 —— china, so-called, 165, 369 —— porcelain, 369-370 Ludwigsburg, porcelain made at, 266 Lung-chuan celadon, reproduced at King-te-chen, 132 —— yao, early Chinese ware, 63 Lung-king (1566-72), porcelain of, 95 Lustre ware, attempted imitation by Chinese, 74 note Lyle, Mr., on old Siamese porcelain, 173 Macaulay on china collectors, 61 note Madeley, Sèvres porcelain copied by Randall at, 366 Magnesia, an element of porcelain paste, 12, 131 —— in paste of Vinovo porcelain, 318 —— in paste of Spanish porcelain, 324 Magnets, removal of iron from slip by, 19 Magots, decorated in famille verte style, 100 Mainwaring, Mr. Massey, his collection of Dresden figures, 254 note Mainz, elector of, and Höchst porcelain, 264 Manchu or Tsing dynasty, 96 Mandarin china, 114 Manganese-purple glazes on Chinese porcelain, 98, 147 —— —— in the San-tsai enamels, 99 Marcolini, Count, director at Meissen, 256 Marieberg, porcelain made at, 273 Marks on Chinese porcelain, 117-122 —— —— how and where applied, 117, 119 —— —— give little information, 119, 122 —— —— Tang or hall, Chai or studio, 120 —— —— allusive, descriptive, emblems and devices, 120-121 —— —— ‘canting’ devices, 121 Marks on European porcelain. See under the principal factories. —— on Japanese porcelain, 197, 199, 200, 205 Marnes, used in French soft pastes, 279 Martabani celadon, examples in European collections, 71 —— ware, 64-65, 210 seq., 144, 173, 215 Materials of porcelain, M. Vogt’s experiments, 17 Maubrée, flower-painter on porcelain, 271 Mazarin or powder-blue grounds of Chinese, 148 Medici, Lorenzo de’, receives present of Chinese porcelain, 217 —— porcelain, 236-238 —— —— only identified lately, 236 —— —— Vasari’s account, 236 —— —— decoration of, 237 —— —— composition of, 237 —— —— marks, 238 Medicine-flasks (yao-ping) or snuff-bottles of Chinese porcelain, 113-114, 140 —— —— of Chinese porcelain, used by Arabs, found in Egyptian tombs, 140 Meissen porcelain, 244-258 —— —— composition, 7, 250-251 —— —— first successfully made (1713-1716), 249 —— —— composition of glaze, 251 —— —— hardness of paste, and difficulties in application of enamels, 251 —— —— early pieces mostly defective, 252 —— —— ‘Dresden figure groups,’ 253 —— —— imitation of Chinese magots, 253 —— —— armorial designs, 253 —— —— flowers imitated, 254 —— —— attempts to make large figures, 254 —— —— effects of Seven Years’ War, 255 —— —— important position of enamel painters, 255 Meissen porcelain, early exported to Turkey, 255 note —— —— marks on, 257 —— —— recent work, 257, 392 —— —— marks on, copied, 258 —— —— smuggled into England, 334 Melchior at Höchst, 265 —— at Frankenthal, 268 Mennecy, porcelain made at, 287-288 Mica, an element in Chinese porcelain, 11, 131, 376 note Mikôchi or Hirado ware, 193-195 Ming dynasty, porcelain of, 78-95 —— porcelain, colour decoration, 79, 86-91, 161 —— —— ‘blue and white,’ 81-85, 95, 157 Minton, Thomas, 366, 373 Mirror black glaze on Chinese porcelain, 130, 149 Mohammedan forms of Chinese porcelain, 140 Mo-hung, iron-red painted over glaze, 150 Mokubei, potter at Kioto, 201 Moore, Bernard, imitates Chinese glazes, 387 Morikaga, painted on Kaga ware, 204 Moulding, antiquity of process, 23-25 —— process described, 23-25, 128 —— largely used for Chinese porcelain, 112 Muffle-stoves for firing enamels, 47, 281 Nabeshima or Okôchi ware, 195 Nantgarw porcelain, 367-368 Napoleon’s ideas for decoration of porcelain, 308 Niderwiller, porcelain made at, 270 Nien-hao. See Date-marks. Nien Hsi-yao, superintendent at King-te-chen, 104-105 Nien yao, 105 Nightingale, Mr., on sales of Chelsea porcelain, 335 note, 336 note Ninsei, potter at Kioto, 196 Nove, Le, porcelain factory at, 318 Nymphenburg, porcelain made at, 267 Nyon, porcelain made at, 271 Okeover plate in British Museum, 164 Okôchi or Nabeshima ware, 195 ‘Old Japan.’ See Imari. Ô-niwa yaki or Kishiu ware, 199-200 Oriental porcelain, earliest specimens in Europe, 217-218 Orleans, Duke of, collector of Oriental porcelain, 230 —— —— and Saint-Cloud, 283 —— family, interest in porcelain, 314 —— porcelain made at, 288 Ormolu mountings at Sèvres, 297 —— —— on English porcelain, 339 Orry de Fulvi at Vincennes, 290 Oude Amstel, Dutch porcelain, 273 —— Loosdrecht, porcelain made at, 272 Ovens for firing porcelain. See Furnaces. Owari porcelain, 201-203 —— —— materials and composition, 190 —— —— cheap ware for export, 203 Owen, Mr., on Bristol porcelain, 376, 381 note Painted glazes, term explained, 44, 59 —— —— on Ming porcelain, 79 —— —— of Hsuan-te, 92 Painters on Chinese porcelain, 108 —— —— signatures of, 108 —— —— division of work, 129 —— on Sèvres porcelain, signatures of, 303 Painting, schools of, in China, 82 —— on porcelain. See also Enamelling. Palissy probably endeavoured to make porcelain, 239 note Parian ware, 373 Paris, soft-paste factories at, 288 —— hard-paste factories at, 312-314 Pâte-sur-pâte, 41, 311 ‘Peach-bloom’ glaze, 105, 154 Pen-rests in Chinese porcelain, 139 Persia, Chinese porcelain in, 147, 157, 215, 216 Persian fayence compared with Chinese porcelain, 73 Persian fayence, early use of blue under glaze, 74, 75 —— —— Chinese influence on, 76 —— Gulf, early Chinese trade with, 213 —— —— English trade with, 221 —— inscription on fifteenth century Chinese porcelain, 94 Petuntse (see also China-stone), 8, 10 —— proportion of, in hard pastes, 385 Pierced decoration in Chinese porcelain, 154 Pillows in Chinese porcelain, 139 Pinxton porcelain, 371 —— Billingsley makes porcelain at, 368, 371 Pirkenhausen factory, Carlsbad, 392 Place, Dr., of York, experiments with various clays, 242 Planché, modeller at Derby, 351 Plymouth porcelain, 375-381 —— —— composition of glaze, 380 —— —— marks on, 380 Poems on Chinese porcelain, 113 Poison detected by Chinese porcelain, 215 Polo, Marco, account of China, 72 —— —— on Chinese porcelain, 213-214 Pompadour, Marquise de, and Sèvres, 290, 292, 295, 300 Porcelain, physical properties of, 5 —— microscopical structure, 5 —— chemical composition, 6-12 —— materials, 14-18 —— transition to kaolinic stoneware in Japanese porcelain, 206 —— vague early use of the word, 217 —— early reports in Europe as to its composition, 223 ‘Porcelain fever’ at time of Seven Years’ War, 255 Porcelain or purslane, word, how used in Elizabethan times, 222 Portugal, porcelain made in, 325 Portuguese in China, 219 —— as importers of porcelain, 222, 230 Poterat family of Rouen, 239, 282, 284 Potsherds of Chinese porcelain, ground up for paste of English porcelain, 326 note Potter’s wheel, 20-22 —— —— early forms, 20-21 Pourcelainnes, the word, how used by Marco Polo, 214 Pressing, process described, 23 Quan-yin, or Kwan-yin (Jap. Kwannon), 135, 143, 226 Randall copies Sèvres porcelain, 366 Raynal, Abbé, on Chinese porcelain, 85 —— —— quoted, 166, 231 —— —— on classification of Oriental porcelain, 223 note Réaumur makes porcelain, 278 Red decoration sous couverte, 43 Red Sea ports, early Chinese trade with, 213 Reine, porcelaine de la, made in Rue Thiroux, 313 Reproductions of old types of Chinese porcelain, 104, 115 Riaño, Don Juan, on Spanish porcelain, 322, 325 Rice-grain, in pierced decoration, 155 Ringler, the arcanist, 264, 266, 267 Risampei, a Korean, at Arita, 181 Ritual vessels in Chinese porcelain, colours of, 138 Rockingham porcelain, 371-372 Rörstrand, porcelain made at, 273 —— —— contemporary work, 388, 393 Rose, John, 365, 366 Rose-red grounds (opaque), mei-kwei, on Chinese porcelain, 110 Roses on English porcelain, 352, 368 Rouen porcelain, 238-239, 282 —— —— examples where found, 239 Rouge d’or on Chinese porcelain, 107 —— —— date of introduction in China, 110 note —— —— not mentioned by D’Entrecolles, 136 —— —— late introduction in Japan, 189, 205 —— —— used early at Saint-Cloud, 283 Rouge d’or, source of, 284 note —— —— mentioned in De Frasnay’s poem, 284 note Rozenburg works at the Hague, 389, 393 Russian porcelain, 274, 392 Sacrifice of the potter Tung, 113 Saint-Cloud, porcelain made at, 282-284 —— seventeenth century designs on porcelain, 283 St. Petersburg, porcelain made at, 274, 392 Saladin’s present of Chinese porcelain, 215 Salting collection, early vase with cloisons, 80 —— —— enamelled bowl with Cheng-te mark, 89, 161 —— —— famille verte with black ground, 101 Salvétat, notes to Julien’s work, 53 Samson, imitates old wares, 314 Sanda celadon, 201 Sang de bœuf glazes, 42 —— —— imitated in England, 387 —— —— on Chinese porcelain, 151 San tsai or ‘three-colour’ glazes, 44 —— —— the ‘three colours’ of Ming enamels, 89, 97 —— —— relation to Kishiu ware, 98 Saracenic glass, enamels on, 88 —— —— found in China, 88 note —— motives and forms in Chinese porcelain, 76, 140 —— origin of enamelled porcelain, 87, 88 Sassanian influence on Far East, 70 note Sawankalok, porcelain made at, 173, 212 note Sceaux, porcelain made at, 288 Schneeball-vasen, 254 Schnorrische Erde used by Böttger, 250 Seggars, preparation and arrangement in furnace, 28-29 —— arrangement in Chinese furnaces, 133 —— late introduction in Japan, 188 Sei-ji, Japanese term for celadon, 64 Sentoku, Japanese reading of Hsuan-te, 92 Seto, village in Owari, connection with Japanese porcelain, 180, 202 Seto-mono, Japanese equivalent to ‘china,’ 202 Sève for Sèvres, 290 note ‘Severe’ or kaolinic porcelain, 17-18, 385-386 Sèvres, experimental work at, 15 —— hard paste, two types, 17 —— the new porcelain, 18 —— the soft paste of, 289-304 —— porcelain works removed to, 292 —— edicts against competing works, 295 —— the factory a fashionable lounge, 295 —— date of the best work, 297 —— soft paste abandoned, 303 —— —— repainted at later dates, 304 —— the hard paste of, 305-312 —— German workmen at, 305 —— Macquer succeeds Hellot, 305 —— early hard paste of mild type, 306 —— the new mild type of hard paste, 307, 390 —— proposed withdrawal of State support, 310, 311, 312 —— hard paste, analysis of, 386 —— contemporary porcelain, 389, 390 —— laboratory, chemical and technical researches on Chinese porcelain, 47-48, 55 —— porcelain sold at Versailles, 292 —— —— biscuit figures, 296 —— —— royal dinner-services, 297-298 —— —— colours of grounds on, 299 —— —— turquoise enamel, how prepared, 299 —— —— Rose carnée or Pompadour, 300 —— —— gilding on, 301 —— —— date-marks on, 302 —— —— jewelled decoration, 302 —— —— artists’ marks on, 303 —— —— felspathic glaze, 306 —— —— glaze on early hard paste, 306 —— —— big vases of, 307-308 —— —— the Napoleonic decoration, 308 —— —— changes in decoration illustrate history, 310 —— —— coloured pastes, 311 —— —— pictorial plaques, 271, 311 —— —— later developments, 312, 390 ‘Shaping,’ term explained, 20 Sha-t’ai or ‘sand-bodied’ relation to hua-shi, 132 —— —— used as slip, 154 Shonsui, first made porcelain in Japan, 181 Siamese porcelain, 172-175 —— —— primitive methods of support in kilns, 174, 211 —— —— Buddhist emblems, 175 —— —— decorated at Canton, 175 Signatures of painters on famille rose plates, 108 Silica, proportion of, in hard pastes, 7, 385 Silver plate replaced in France by porcelain, 285 Slip or barbotine, 19, 312 —— decoration of Chinese porcelain, 146, 147, 154 Slop-blending, 16 Snuff-bottles of Chinese porcelain, 113-114, 140 Soft pastes, how distinguished, 277 note —— —— of France, origin of, 277-279 —— —— composition, 279 Solon, M., at Sèvres, 311 Sometsuke, Japanese term for ‘blue and white,’ 187 Soufflé glazes on Chinese porcelain, 30, 150 Sous couverte or under-glaze decoration, 43 Spain, porcelain made in, 322-324 —— Chinese porcelain early imported, 322 Spengler of Zurich at Derby, 354 Spode family of Stoke, 372-373 —— Josiah, abandons use of frit in porcelain, 373 —— —— his felspar porcelain, 373 —— ware, 373-374 Sprimont, Nicholas, manager at Chelsea, 333, 338, 341 —— —— his Case of the Undertaker, 334 Staffordshire porcelain, composition, 372 Steatite in Chinese porcelain, 131 —— used at Worcester, 359 —— used at Swansea, 368 —— relation to Hua-she, 376 note Stoneware, relation of, to porcelain, 7, 386 —— composition, 7 Stonewares of Chinese, 165-167 Strassburg, porcelain made at, 269 Strawberry Hill, porcelain at, 266, 283, 321, 379 note Sui-ki, Chinese term for crackle or truité ware, 146 Sumatra, Chinese trade with, 210 Sung dynasty of China, 62 —— porcelain, 62-68 —— —— copied in later times, 52, 104 —— —— rarity in European collections, 71 Su-ni-po and Su-ma-li, cobalt blues of Arab origin, 92 Swansea porcelain, 367-369 Swedish porcelain, 273 —— —— contemporary work, 388, 393 Swinton, Rockingham porcelain made at, 371 Swiss porcelain, 270 Ta-mo (Jap. Daruma), 143 Tang dynasty of China, importance of, 56, 209 Tang-ying, superintendent at King-te-chen, 110 —— report on manufacture of porcelain, 111-113 Tao-kwang (1820-50), porcelain of, 115 Tea drinking, influence on ceramic wares, 179, 224, 243 —— —— ridiculed in drinking-song, 243 Tek-kwa or Te-hua, 142 ‘Throwing’ on wheel, 20-22 Thüringer Wald, porcelain made in, 269 Tin enamel used at Chantilly, 286, 294 Tin-glazed fayence, 73 Tin in glaze, 33-34 Ting yao, old Chinese ware, 67, 141 Tingui of Marco Polo, 213-214 Tokugawa period, decline of art in later times, 198, 205 Toshiro, Japanese potter, 180 To-t’ai, ‘bodiless’ porcelain, 91 Tournai, porcelain made at, 289 Toys made of Mennecy porcelain, 287 —— made of Chelsea porcelain, 337 Transfer-printing at Bow, 347 —— at Worcester, 360 ‘Transmutation’ glazes on Chinese porcelain, 66, 150-154, 151 note Trembleuse saucers, 283, 294 Trenchard family, early pieces of Chinese porcelain in possession of, 219 Triads of colour—San-tsai, 89, 97 Trou, Henri, at Saint-Cloud, 283 Tsang Ying-hsuan, superintendent at King-te-chen, 96 Tschirnhaus, glass made by, 246-247, 278 —— his connection with Böttger, 246-247, 248 Tsing or Manchu dynasty, 96 Tung, the potter’s god, 113 Tung-chi (1861-74), porcelain of, 115 Tu Ting ware, term explained, 68 Turks use coffee-cups of Oriental porcelain, 224 Turner, Thomas, at Caughley, 365 Turquoise glaze on Chinese porcelain, 97, 147 —— grounds (opaque)—fei-tsui—on Chinese porcelain, 110-111 —— —— on Sèvres porcelain, 299 —— —— on Chelsea porcelain, 339 Tu-ting, 142 Tzu-ching, writer of Bushell MS., 61, 79, 86 Tzu-kin (burnished gold), Chinese name for fond laque, 146 Unaker, kaolin from America, 342, 376, 378 Uranium, black enamel from, 261 Uses of Chinese porcelain, 137-141 —— of Japanese porcelain, 192 Venice, Chinese porcelain in St. Mark’s, 77 note —— early attempts to make porcelain in, 235 —— Oriental porcelain abundant in seventeenth century, 235 note —— porcelain made at, 316-318 —— German influence on porcelain, 317 Vernadsky, on chemical reaction in firing porcelain, 11 Vezzi family at Venice, 316 Vienna, origin of porcelain works, 260 —— porcelain, decoration, 260 —— —— marks on, 260 Villeroy, Duc de, and Mennecy, 287 Vincennes, porcelain made at, 289-291, 293-295 —— bleu du roi, 294 —— early perfection of porcelain, 295 Vinovo, or Vineuf, porcelain factory at, 318 Vissage or wreathing, 22, 106 note, 384 Vogt, M., of Sèvres, quoted, 17, 278 Wall, Dr. John, at Worcester, 357, 363 Walpole, Horace, porcelain from Doccia, 321 Wan-li (1572-1619), his present of porcelain to Jehangir, 85 —— porcelain of, 95 Warham, Archbishop, celadon bowl at Oxford, 218 ‘Wasters,’ importance of discovery of, 29 Watteau, influence on German art, 253 Wedgwood, his Jasper ware, 40 —— at Meissen, 256 —— and fugitive workmen, 381 note —— his opposition to Champion, 383 Weesp, in Holland, porcelain made at, 272 White Chinese porcelain, two families of, 68 Willow pattern at Caughley, 365 Worcester porcelain, 357-364 —— —— foundation of factory, 357 —— —— composition of pastes, 358 —— —— the factory described, 358 —— —— Oriental wares copied, 359 —— —— portraits of celebrities, 360, 364 —— —— marks on, 360, 364 —— —— transfer-printing, 360-361 —— —— migration of painters from Chelsea, 361 —— —— bleu du roi grounds, 361-362 —— —— decorated in London, 362-363 —— —— the Chamberlain factory, 363 —— —— late developments, 364 ‘Wreathing’ or vissage, 22, 106 note, 384 Wu-kung, five vessels on Buddhist shrine, 138 Wu-shê (see Garniture), 139 Wu-tsai, the ‘five colours’ of Ming enamels, 89 —— relation to famille verte, 101 Yang-tsai, ‘foreign colours,’ associated with Indian enamels, 165 Yao-pien, or furnace transmutation, 152 Yao-ping, or medicine-flasks, 113, 140 Yeiraku ware, 198-199 Yeisen, potter at Kioto, 197 Yellow glazes on Chinese porcelain, 94, 147 Yi-hsing yao, stoneware, 165 Yuan or Mongol dynasty, 72 —— —— porcelain of, 77, 152 Yung-cheng (1722-35), porcelain of, 103-105 —— copies of old wares, 104 —— his early interest in porcelain, 135 Yung-lo (1402-24), early date-mark, 67 —— porcelain of, 68, 91 Zaitun, 142, 209, 213 Zanzibar, Chinese porcelain found at, 211 Zengoro, family of Japanese potters, 198 —— his coral red, his Yeiraku seal, 198-199 —— his Kairaku ware in Kishiu, 200 —— Hozen at Kutani, 205 Zurich, porcelain made at, 270

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