REFERENCES Chapter IX INDEX

Adams, George, 114, 128

Adams, Henry, 81

Adams, John, 165;

History of, 200

Addison, Alexander, Judge, impeachment of, 47–48, 139, 195;

Federalist, 131, 132

Adgate & Co., 104

Allegheny County, 22, 23

Allegheny County Courts, 157

Allegheny County Militia, 74, 75

Almanacs, 4, 165, 172;

Cramer’s, 172–174;

“Common,” 174;

“Magazine,” 174

Alsop, Richard, 197

Amberson, Beelen, & Anshutz, 152

American Coast Pilot, 182

Amusements, 67–74, 186, 203

Arnold, actor, 70

Ash, Thomas, 181

Ashton, Capt. Joseph, 95, 151

Ashton & Denny, 152

Audrian, Peter, 49

Aurora, newspaper, 51

Baird, Thomas, 96, 128, 130

Baldwin, Henry, 96, 141, 148, 149;

attacked by Pentland, 145, 146

Balls, 68, 72;

for Gen. Lee, 69

Bank of Pennsylvania, branch, 93, 116

Baptists, 95

Barker, Abner, 116, 117, 132

Barker, Jeffe, 116, 117

Barker, Jeremiah, 117, 132

Barrett, William, 121

Bartholf, Francis, Baron de Belen, 152

Bates, Edward, 145

Bates, Frederick, 143, 145, 148

Bates, James, 145, 148

Bates, Tarleton, 96, 131, 141 ff.;

duel, 142–150

Bausman, Elizabeth, marriage, 125

Bausman, Jacob, 30;

varied career, 41–42

Bausman, Nicholas, 41

Bayard, Colo. Stephen, 5

Beaujolais, Count of, 111

Bedford County, 2

Beelen, Anthony, 96, 150, 152

Beelen, Francis, 152

Beltzhoover, Melchoir, 41

“Black Charley,” 39

Blunt, Edmund, American Coast Pilot, 182

Boat yards, 8, 40, 92

Books, in households, 14;

sale of, 14, 15, 27;

interest in, 27;

most popular, 169–171;

Cramer’s publications, 189 ff.;

contemporaneous history, 190;

of local interest, 195–196;

contemporary publications, 199;

in Cramer’s bookstore, 199 ff.

Bookstores, 95;

first, 27;

Cramer’s “Pittsburgh Bookstore,” 116, 163, 186, 188, 199 ff.;

Christy’s and Wrenshall’s, 184

Boyd, John, 15, 16

Brackenridge, Henry M., Judge, recollections of Grant’s Hill, 71;

account of horse racing, 73;

on the Court of Allegheny County, 118;

Views of Louisiana, 193

Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, Judge, 49, 71;

author, 26, 195, 197, 198, 202;

Modern Chivalry, 26;

political leader, 55;

Fourth of July speech, 56;

Justice of Supreme Court, 58;

opposed to Brison, 58 ff.;

and the Tree of Liberty, 62–63;

and the Whisky Insurrection, 81, 106, 124, 195;

Freemason, 95;

residence, 97, 115;

antagonizes soldiers, 115–116;

candidate for Congress, 125, 198;

attacks on, 133–134;

and impeachment of Addison, 139;

settles Gilkison’s affairs, 163;

Bruce’s lines to, 196;

satires on, in The Echo, 197–198

Braddocksfield, 119

Brantz, Lewis, notes on Pittsburgh, 9, 30

Breweries, 78, 92

Brickyards, 31, 92

Brison, James, 58–59

Bromley, actor, 70

Bruce, David, author of political volume, 196

Brunot, Dr. Felix, 48, 51

Bryan, George, Justice, 118

Building lots, value of, 98–99, 100

Burr, Aaron, 57;

election of, 165–167;

suppresses History of John Adams, 200

Business centre of the town, 164

Butler, General Richard, 95, 122–123

Butler, Colonel William, 95

Calhoun, John, 117

Calhoun, Samuel, 117

Campbell, Colonel John, 4, 5

Campbell, Robert, 34

Card industry, 104

Card playing, 67, 186

Carlisle, 2

Chapman, Thomas, 30–31

Cheetham, James, 201

Christy, William, Merchant, 107, 131–132, 154, 184

Church records, 174

Churches, German, 10, 93, 186;

Presbyterian, 83, 93;

Episcopalian, 93;

Roman Catholic, 94;

Methodist, 94–95

City Hall, 50

“Clapboard Row,” 127;

political methods, 128;

opposed, 131, 132

“Clapboard Row Junto,” 127

“Clapboardonian Democracy,” 127

Clark, General George Rodgers, 141

Clark, Josiah, 188

Clothing materials, 64–65

Coal, 7, 91, 92

Cochran, Dr. J. B., 206

Cochran, John Spear, 206

Cochran, Mary, 206

Cochran, Susan Cramer, 206

Cochran, Zadok Cramer, 206

Comforts and luxuries, 63–64

Common Almanac, 174

Commonwealth, The, newspaper, 138, 140

Concerts, 69

Constitutionalists, 140

Coppinger, 78

Cotton mills, 92, 93

County jail, 24, 157

Court House, present, 50;

first, 117, 118;

in 1800, 155–156

Craig, Major Isaac, buys land in Pittsburgh, 5;

starts glass factory, 32;

Freemason, 96;

tenement of, 106;

Federalist, 131;

Deputy Quarter Master, 142

Cramer, Elizabeth, 189

Cramer, Susan, 206

Cramer, Zadok, 161 ff.;

birth, 162;

bookbinding, 116, 162–163;

bookstore, 116, 163, 184, 188–189;

publisher, 164–165,184;

publications, 165, 167, 172, 174, 176 ff., 179, 180, 187, 189;

opens Circulating Library, 168–171;

partners, 171, 188;

advertisements, 185;

accuses Harris and Ash of plagiarism, 181;

new lines of business, 185–186;

printing business, 187;

offices held, 187;

farming and sheep raising, 188;

travels, 189;

meets H. M. Brackenridge, 193;

mercantile instincts, 196;

opposes moral wrong, 204;

condemns horse racing, 204;

on whisky drinking, 205;

death, 205

Cramer, Mrs. Zadok, 206

Cramer’s Almanac, 172–174

Culture, 3, 4, 26, 184 ff.

Cumberland County, 2

Cuming, F., Tour of the Western Country, 192–193

Dancing, 67–69, 154

Davis, Joseph, 131, 154

Declary, Peter, 69

“Democratic” party, 54

“Democratic Republican” party, 54

Denny, Major Ebenezer, 131, 150–151

Denny & Beelen, 150, 151

Dent, Julia, 153

Dobbins & McElhinney, 110

Dress, Freemasons’, 12;

men’s, 65–67

Drinking, 80–82

Duane, William, 51

Dubac, Gabriel, Chevalier, 48, 111

Du Lac, Perrin, 64

Dunlap (James) & Co., 155

“Dutch,” 43, 44

Echo, The, 197–198

Education, in early days, 3–4;

schools established, 14;

higher, 17

Eichbaum, William, 40, 41, 79

Eichbaum, William, Jr., 188–189

Emigration westward, through Pittsburgh, 6–8, 29, 175, 179

Emmert, Mrs. Joseph, 206

Emmett, Samuel, 30, 80

English language, 38, 40

English-speaking population, 38, 40

Episcopalians, 93, 94

Ewalt, Samuel, 41, 96, 104, 130

Farmers’ dress, 66

Federal party, opposition to, 52–53, 54;

supporters of, 62, 76, 131–132;

emblem of, 74–76;

in the House of Representatives, 165

Ferree, Thomas, 13, 157–158

Ferries, over Monongahela River, 29, 42;

over Allegheny River, 30;

and taverns, 80

Food, 63, 64

Forman, Major Thomas S., 35

Fort Fayette, 33

Fort Pitt, 9, 10, 31, 33

Fort Stanwix, 8

Forward, Walter, 141–142

Fowler, General Alexander, commander of militia, 74;

republican, 75;

left Republican party, 127;

controversy with Gazzam, 128–130

Francis, Tench, 5

Freemasons, first lodge in Western country, 11;

start temperance movement, 95–96;

See also Lodge, 45

French, 38;

emigration of, 51–52

French influence, 46, 51, 65, 199

French language, 39

French radicalism, influence of, 53

Freneau, Philip, 26

“Friends of the People,” 140

Fulton & Baird, 121, 130

Gallatin, Albert, 57, 162;

glass factory, 32, 122;

political honors, 46–47, 125;

at Marie’s tavern, 49;

on Western Pennsylvania, 52;

candidate for Congress, 55

Gallitzen, Demetrius Augustine, 94

Gazzam, William, 121;

controversy with Fowler, 128–130

German church, organized, 10;

conducts schools, 14, 186;

treasurer, 42;

followers, 40, 45

German language, 39, 40, 45, 186

German Farmers’ Register, The, newspaper, 45

Germans, 38;

organize church, 10;

second in numbers to English, 40;

confused with the Dutch, 43, 44;

social intercourse, 45;

establish newspaper, 45;

and religion, 83

Gilkison, John C., bookseller, 27, 163;

prothonotary, 59, 163;

starts library, 168

Glass factories, 32, 92

Grant’s Hill, pleasure ground, 49, 70–71, 77

“Grant’s Hill,” tavern, 49, 50

Gregg’s (Isaac) Ferry, 30

Hall, Joseph, 14

Hamilton, report on manufactures, 91

Hamsher, John, 40, 41, 155

Hancock, Richard, 122, 125

Hannastown, 2;

attacked by British and Indians, 11, 43, 58

Harmar, General Josiah, 151

Harris, Joseph, 157

Harris, Rev. Thaddeus Mason, 181

“Hartford Wits,” 197

Haymaker, Jacob, 40, 42, 126

Henderson, Rev. Matthew, 57

Henderson, Robert, 30, 80

Herald of Liberty, newspaper,62

Herd, William, 121

Herron, Rev. Francis, 83–84

Hilliard, Elizabeth Bausman, 125–126

Hilliard, James, 125, 126

Horse racing, 72–73;

condemned, 203–204

Houses, construction, 31 ff., 101;

numbered, 33;

comforts in, 63

Hufnagle, Michael, 43, 96

Hughes, Rev. James, 190

Hutchins, Capt. Thomas, 175–176;

Topographical Description of Pennsylavnia, Maryland, and Virginia, 175

Imlay, Gilbert, North America, 176

Incorporation of Pittsburgh, 24

Indians, the Penns’ dealings with, 6;

treaty with, 8;

attack Hannastown, 11, 43;

recede westward, 13

Industries, 91–93

Insurgents, 71, 81, 119–120;

conference with, 123–125

Irish, 38, 55

Irish, Nathaniel, 130, 153

Iron industries, 91–92

Irvine, General William, 123

Irwin, Captain John, 96, 107, 154

Irwin, William, 69, 96, 107, 154

Israel, John, 62, 141, 187

Italians, 38

Jackson, Andrew, doctrine, 58

“Jacobins,” 56

Jefferson, Thomas, radical ideas of liberty, 53–54;

reception of these ideas in Pennsylvania, 54–55;

Republican dinner in honor of, 56–57, 108;

presidential election of, 165–167;

Notes on the State of Virginia, 200

Jockey Club, 72, 79

Johnson, John, 117

Jones, Ephraim, 29, 80

Jones, Samuel, 35, 108;

on social life, 71–72

Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., 148

Justices of the peace, 101

Kramer, Baltzer, 32

Kramer, Christian, 32

Land, sales of, 5–6, 100

Lawlessness, 25

Laws, 24

Lee, General Henry, 59, 69, 115

“Lee, Light-Horse Harry,” 59

Lee, Rev. Wilson, 78

Lewis and Clark expedition, 179

Liberty, new ideas of, 53

Libraries, private, 14;

circulating, 16, 19, 168–171

Liquors, 64;

manufacture and sale of, 77–79;

drinking of, 80–82

“Lodge 45 of Ancient York Masons,” first masonic lodge in Pittsburgh, 11;

observance of St. John the Baptist’s Day, 12;

observance of St. John the Evangelist’s Day, 13, 108;

meeting place, 78, 95, 155;

temperance movement, 95–96;

secretary, 108

Louisiana Purchase, furthers trade, 90;

and the Navigator, 179

Lucus, John B. C., 47–48, 151

Luxuries, 63–64

McClurg, Joseph, 122, 128, 130

McKean, Thomas, 108, 118;

turns Republican, 54, 56;

candidate for Governor, 57, 140;

takes office, 58;

recommends militia emblem, 75;

Commissioner to meet Insurgents, 123;

reappoints Tannehill, 131;

vetoes revolutionary bills, 138;

refuses to remove Brackenridge, 139;

supporters and opponents of, 140, 141;

alluded to by Bruce, 196

McLane, D., 34

McLaughlin, Alexander, 132, 153

McMillan, Rev. Dr. John, 57, 81

McNickle, A., 130

Madison, James, 57

Magazine Almanac, 174

Magee, Samuel, 121

Magee, Thomas, 121

Mail robbed, 119

Map of Pittsburgh published, 192

Marie, John, 49, 50

Marie, Mrs. John (Jane), divorce case, 50–51

Marie’s tavern, 56, 75

Market House, 155

Market Street, 96–98, 99, 104

Mechanical Society of Pittsburgh, 17–19, 78, 187

Mellish, John, 181

Methodists, 94–95, 201

Michaux, Dr. F. A., 48, 50

Mifflin, Thomas, 54, 56

Military plan of the town, 30–31

Military spirit, 74

Militia of Pennsylvania, 74–77

Modern Chivalry, by H. H. Brackenridge, 26

Money, circulation of, 15, 28–29

Montpensier, Duke of, 111

Moore, Hamilton, Practical Navigator, 182

Moreau, Jean Victor, 199

Morgan, General Daniel, 69, 115–116

Morrow, William, 12, 79

Morse, Jedidiah, American Gazetteer, 176

Mowry, Dr. Peter, 114, 132

Murphy, Mrs. Mary (Molly), 122, 152

Nail factories, 92, 93

National currency established, 99

National Gazette, 51

Nationalities in Pittsburgh, 38

Navigator, 174, 187;

sources of its material, 175, 176, 178;

various editions, 176–182;

advertised, 177;

local information in, 180–182

Negley, Alexander, 41

Negley, Jacob, 41

Negroes, 38–39

Neville, Emily Morgan, 144

Neville, General John, Freemason, 95;

residence, 105;

offices held, 106;

Federalist, 131

Neville, Morgan, 48

Neville, Colonel Presley, public offices, 105, 106;

residence, 115;

saves Brackenridge, 116;

Federalist, 131;

opinion of Democrats, 144

New Era in 1800, 90

New Orleans, steamboat, 189

Newspapers, first, 14;

German, 45;

see also Pittsburgh Gazette and Tree of Liberty

Nicholson, James W., 32

“Office of Discount and Deposit,” 116

O’Hara, Colonel James, 95, 120, 131;

glass manufacturer, 32;

brewer, 78;

candidate for burgess, 105

Ohio and Mississippi Navigator, 176–177

Ohio River, navigation of, 7, 176–178

Orleans, Duke of, 111

Ormsby, John, 78, 95

Ormsby, Oliver, 184

Patterson, Rev. Joseph, 81

Penn, John, 4–5, 6

Penn, John, Jr., 4–5, 6

Penn, William, 4

Penns, the, 42, 98

Pentland, Ephraim, editor, 138;

attacks on Bates and Baldwin, 145–147, 149

Peters, Judge Richard, 106

Philadelphia, post route from Pittsburgh, 17

Pipe manufactory, 92

Pittsburgh Academy, 17

“Pittsburgh Bookstore,” 116, 163, 184, 186 ff.

Pittsburgh Circulating Library, 167–171

Pittsburgh Fire Company, 24, 130

Pittsburgh Gazette, established, 14;

and politics, 56, 62, 133;

contributors, 75;

in religious revival, 85;

owner, 114;

Cramer’s advertisement in, 162–163;

advertises Navigator, 177

Pittsburgh Library Company, 171

“Pittsburgh” manor, 5

Pitt Township, 23, 28

Plan of town, 4, 5, 30–31

Population, in 1786, 9;

nationalities, 38;

in 1800 and 1810, 90;

Protestant, 93

Porter, William, 122

Post office, 17, 114, 128

Post route, 17

Practical Navigator, 182

Presbyterian Church, 9, 10, 83, 93, 94

Printing offices, 187

Protestants, 10, 93–94

Public improvements, 98

Publishing business, 164, 184–185

Race horses, 73

Reed, John, 79, 157

Reel, Casper, 41

Religion, 9–11, 82–83, 93;

revival, 84–85;

books on, 191

Republican General Assembly, radical, 138–139

Republican party, headquarters, 50;

“Democratic Republican,” 54;

rapid growth in Pennsylvania, 55;

leader in Pittsburgh, 55;

French influences, 55, 56;

influence on dress, 65;

spoils doctrine, 58;

emblem, 75–76;

dominant throughout country, 132;

in national election, 165–167

Richards, Charles, 39

Richardson, Dr. Andrew, Freemason, 96, 108;

conducts drug store, 107;

political leader, 108;

speech on Freemasonry, 108–109;

left Republican party, 109–110;

death, 110

Riddle, James, 96, 121, 128

Robinson, James, 30, 80

Robinson and Ensell, 92

Roman Catholics, 94

Ross, James, trouble with Mrs. Marie, 50–51;

candidate for governor, 50, 57;

Freemason, 96;

Commissioner to meet Insurgents, 123;

political leader, 131, 132

Roup, Jonas, 41

St. Clair, General Arthur, 151

St. John the Baptist’s Day, observance of, 12–13

St. John the Evangelist’s day, observance of, 12, 13, 108

St. Patrick’s Church, 94

Schoepf, Dr. Johann David, 7

Schools, 4, 14, 50, 186

Schultz, Christian, on Navigator, 181–182

Scotch, 38

Scott, Dr. Hugh, 96, 121, 128

Scott, John, 117

Scott & Trotter, 120

Scull, John, establishes Pittsburgh Gazette, 14–15;

postmaster, 17;

printer, 26, 187;

residence, 114;

attacks on Brackenridge, 133–134

Semple, Samuel, 78

Semple, Steele, 116

Semple, William, 27, 115

Shippinsburg, 2

“Sign of the Black Bear,” 13, 158

“Sign of the Cross Keys,” 57, 79

“Sign of the Franklin Head,” 116, 164

“Sign of General Butler,” 125;

and social affairs, 68;

name, 122;

during Whisky Insurrection, 123, 124;

political headquarters, 127

“Sign of General Washington,” 34

“Sign of the Green Tree,” 13, 34, 68;

meeting place of masonic lodge, 12, 96

“Sign of the Indian Queen,” 79–80

“Sign of the Negro,” 122

“Sign of the Sheaf of Wheat,” 153

“Sign of the Waggon,” 68, 79, 157

Six Nations, treaty with, 8

Slavery, 38, 39, 41

Smith, Thomas, 130

Smith, Rev. Dr. William, 44

Smith & Shiras, 78

Smur, John, 126

Snyder, Simon, 50, 51, 140

Social life, 71–72, 77

South School, 50

Spanish milled dollar, 99

Spear, John, 171, 188, 206

Spoils doctrine, 58

Steele, Rev. Robert, 13, 96, 129;

dress, 66;

appointment, 85

Stevenson, Dr. George, 120–121, 131

Stewart, Thomas, 147, 149

Stores, 102, 103, 116–117, 120 ff., 150, 154 ff., 184

Streets, 35, 98

Sturgeon, Jeremiah, 57, 79

Supreme Court, 118, 130, 139

Swiss-Germans, 10, 38

Tannehill, Adamson, 130

Tanneries, 92

Tavern-keeping, 78, 79

Tavern signs, 33–35

Taverns, 33, 68, 77, 78

Temperance movement, 96

Theatrical performances, 69, 70

Thorn, William, 82–83

Tinware manufactory, 92

Town meetings, 102

Town officials, 101

Townships, 23, 28

Trade, 7, 102

Trade centre, 7, 29

Transportation, 25, 93

Tree of Liberty, established, 62;

contributors, 75;

office, 115;

charge against editor, 127;

in politics, 132, 140;

in mourning, 149;

advertises Navigator, 177

Tree of Sedition, Blasphemy, and Slander, 56

Trees, 33, 97

Trinity Church, 93

Turnbull, William, 115

United States Mint authorized, 99

University of Pittsburgh, 17

Veech, Judge James, on whisky, 80–81

Wallace, Judge George, 117

Washington, George, President, 78, 123

Washington County, 22

Water Street residences, 105–107

Watson, Andrew, tavern, 18, 117, 118

Weber, Rev. Johann Wilhelm, 10–11

Welsh, 38

Western Gleaner, The, magazine, 193–195

Westmoreland County, 2, 22

“Whale and the Monkey,” Sign of, 34

“Whisky Boys,” 81

Whisky Insurrection, 29, 59, 106;

cause, 25, 77;

expedition against, 29, 59;

at its height, 119–120;

Government conference with Insurgents, 123–125

Wilkins, John, 117

Willock, Andrew, Jr., 153

Wills, Alexander, 158

Wills, James, 153

Wills, John, 158

Wilson and Wallace, sale of books, 14

Winebiddle, Conrad, 41

Wood, John, History of John Adams, 200

Woods, George, 5

Woods, General John, 125, 131, 132, 198

Woods (Wm.) & Company, 155

Wrenshall, John, local preacher, 84, 201;

Farewell to Pittsburgh and the Mountains, 153;

bookstore, 184

Wusthoff, William, 41, 96

Yeaman, James, 78, 158

Yeates, Jasper, 123, 130

“Young Messenger,” race horse, 73, 79