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Piano tuning

INDEX.

Reading edition

Action, 17 brackets, 24 of grand piano, 37, 38, 62 of square piano, 32, 34 removing, square and grand, 38 replacing, square and grand, 39 requisites of, 17, 18 top, of square piano, 34 trap, of square piano, 19, 34

Advantages of two-octave temperament, 171

Ancient instruments, 13

Back check, adjustment of, 49 and back catch, 18, 27, 28, 33, 37 wire, 27

Balance pin, 21 rail, 21

Bearing bar, 17

Beats, waves, and pulsations, 73, 150 of unison, octave, and major third, 154 cause of, 77, 150

Black lead, use of, 64

Block rail, 27, 51

Bottom or capstan, adjustment of, 48, 99 or key rocker, 23, 33, 48, 56, 57

Bracket bolts, 25

Bridle, 28 putting in new, 50 wire, 28, 50

Bridges, 16, 17 split, 173

Building of upright piano, 16

Butts, 28 and flanges, repairing of, 59

Capstan, 24, 48

Cause of beats 27, 150

Center-pins, 25 putting in new 52

Clicks at release of key, 51, 52

Compromises, the, 99, 100

Continuous mute, 89

Damper lever, 29 felt, softening, 54

Damper, of grand piano, 37 of square piano, 36, 60 rod, 30 rod, squeaking of, 55 spoon, 29 springs broken, 54

Dampers, 18, 29

Damping, defective, 54, 60, 61

Ditonic comma 144

Evolution of the piano, 12

Extension, 23

False waves, 160, 161

Fifths, beats of, 79 not all tempered alike, 105, 106 tempering of, 79, 104

Final inspection, 172

Fischer System of temperament, diagram of, 82

Flanges, 25 repairing of, 59

Guide pins, 23

Hammer, butt, refelting, 51 capping with buckskin, 59 felts, cleaning, 34 gluing, 54 hardening, 54 softening, 54 trimming, 60 voicing, 54, 104 head 29 rail, 29, 33 shank or stem, 29, 53 broken, 63 renewing, 53 spring, 52 sticking, 52

Hitch-pins, 16, 17

Instrumental attachments, removal of, 118

Intervals flattened, 157 sharpened, 157

Ivories, regluing, 64

Jack, 26 repairing of, 50, 58 sluggish, 57 -spring broken, 58

Key, defects in, 47, 48 leads, 22 organ, sticking, 185, 186 removing, square piano, 56 squeaking, 64 sticking, 46

Lead, in keys, 22 black, use of, 64 loose in key, 64

Length, tension, and weight of strings, 75

Loud pedal, 19, 30

Main rail, 25

Mathematics of tempered scale, 126

Metal plates, 15

Mute, continuous, 89, 90

Mutes, setting in upright piano, 117-120 in bass, 121 beyond temperament, 120 in square piano, 122 on nodal points, 161

Octave, dividing into major thirds, 134 into minor thirds, 140 perfect fifths, 142

Octaves, relative vibration of, 78

Organ, reed, tuning and repairing the, 178 bellows, leaks in, 187 capabilities of, 179 cleaning, 180 examination, 183 keys sticking, 185, 186 pallets, 186 pedal defects, 188 reeds, to find, 184 tuning, 190 stops, 182 disconnected, 184 sympathetic vibration, 189

Over-tension, 114

Panel, removing of, 75

Parts of grand action, 38 of square action, 34

Pendulum to aid in judgment of a second of time, 104

Piano frame, 15 tuner, requisites of, 7, 70

Pianos, special use of, 85, 86

Pitch, concert, 127 international, 81, 127

Pitch, left to tuner's judgment, 86, 87, 89 to determine most favorable, 85

Professional hints, 193

Questions asked by owners, 197

Ratio of intervals, 132

Reed organ. See Organ.

Regulating button, 26, 51 rail, 26, 36

Repairing small wooden parts, 63

Repetition of stroke, 18, 27

Searching for articles on sound board, 44

Seasons for tuning, 198

Soft pedal, 29, 36, 38

Sound board, 16 split, 44 unglued, 45 waves, interference of, 78, 150

Splicing piano wire, 176

Spring rail, 29

Stringing of upright, 16, 17

Strings growing sharper, 88 putting in new, 174, 175 rendering through bridges, 112, 114 splicing, 176

Study and practice of tuning, 66

Sustaining pedal, 30 squeaking of, 55

Sympathetic rattle, 43

Syntonic comma, 132

Systems of temperament, various, 163

System A, 165 B, 166 C, 167, 168

Tables of relative string length, 131, 136, 140, 143

Temperament, advantages of the two-octave, 171 equal, 97, 144 Fischer system, 74 finishing up, 156 introductory remarks on, 68, 72 rationale of, 128, 139 requisites of, 133 setting, specific instructions, 85 theory of, 97 unequal, 98 various systems, 163-168

Tension, equalization of, 111, 112

Terms to express tone qualities, 193-196

Testing by thirds and tenths, 170

Tests, chords, 94, 99, 103

Third, excessive sharpness of, 95, 103

Thirds, major, 135 major, sharper than perfect, 135 minor, flatter than perfect, 141

Tones, harmonic, 120, 130

Touch, altering the, 48

Treble, extreme, sharper than perfect, 159

Tuning, instructions for first experiments in, 92-95 hammer, manipulation of, 110, 115, 116 pins, marking of in square, 122 loose, 173 setting of, 112-114 the bass, 160 the treble, 157, 159

Vibration numbers, comparison of, 137, 146, 147, 148

Watchmaker's screwdriver, use of in piano repairing, 63

Wippen, 25

Wire splicing, 176

Wooden parts, shrinking, rattling, 59 repairing of small, 63

Transcriber's Note

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