Part 2 — INDEX

Abdomen; dissection of, 169.

Abdominal cavity, 7, 138, 152.

Absorption, 173-186. Defined, 18, 173.

Accommodation, 379. To illustrate, 391.

Acid reactions, 171.

Acquired reflexes, 314.

Adipose tissue, 5, 178.

Afferent neurons, 296.

Air, 76. Changes it undergoes in lungs, 101. Complemental, 89, 103. Reserve, 89, 103. Residual, 89, 103. Tidal, 88, 103.

Air passages, 80.

Albuminoids, 119. Purpose served by, 121.

Alcohol, A cause of crime, 333. Effects on circulation, 55, 56. Effects on digestion, 167. Effects on energy supply, 195. Effects on respiratory organs, 98. Effects on social environment, 413. Effect on temperature regulation, 271. Effects on waste elimination, 212. General considerations, 412-415.

Alimentary canal, coats of, 138.

Alimentary muscles, work of, 159.

Alkaline reactions, 171.

Alveoli, 82.

Amylopsin, 155, 156.

Anatomy, defined, 1.

Animal heat, 192.

Anopheles, 401.

Antiseptic ointment, 275.

Antitoxin, 405.

Appetite, natural, 163.

Aqueous humor, 377.

Arachnoid, 299.

Arteries, 47. Bronchial, 84. Functions of, 51. Pulmonary, 84. Renal, 202. To illustrate elasticity of, 62. Why elastic, 48.

Articulations, 230-232. Kinds of, 230.

Assimilation, 18, 182.

Astigmatism, 384.

Atlas, 223.

Atoms, defined, 105.

Attraction sphere, 15.

Auditory canal, 358.

Auricles, 42.

Axis, 223.

Axis cylinder, 284.

Axon, 283. Form and length of, 284. Function of, 306. Structure of, 284.

Bacteria, 394.

Ball-and-socket joint, 231.

Basement membrane, 197.

Basilar membrane, 363.

Bathing, 272, 274.

Biceps muscle, action of, 263.

Bicuspids, 143.

Bile, 154, 155.

Binocular vision, 381.

Blind spot, 377. To prove presence of, 390.

Blood, 24-39. Changes in, 34. Checking flow from wounds, 58. Coagulation of, 31. Experiments with, 37-39. Flow of, how regulated, 50. Functions of, 33. Hygiene of, 34-36. Physical properties of, 24. Quantity of, 33. Supply to lungs, 82. Velocity of, 54. Where found, 24.

Blood platelets, 25.

Blood pressure, 52, 70.

Blood pressure and velocity, 52.

Blood vessels, to strengthen, 57.

Body, organization of, 19.

Bone groups, 223-229.

Bones, 216-242. Adaptation of, 228. Composition, 217. Gross structure of, 218. Minute structure of, 219. Observation on gross structure, 241. Properties of, 217. Table of, 229. To show composition of, 241. To show minute structure of, 242.

Bowels, rules for care of, 166.

Brachial plexus, 302.

Brain, 280, 288-291. Disturbed circulation, 327. Protection of, 299.

Brain workers, 408.

Breathing, see Respiration. Causes of shallow, 92. Illustrated, 87. To prevent shallow, 92.

Breathing exercises, 93.

Bronchus, 80.

Bulb, 291.

Cæcum, 151, 158.

Calcium carbonate, 122.

Calcium phosphate, 122.

Calorie, defined, 126.

Cane sugar, 120.

Canines, 143.

Capillaries, 50, 64, 249. Blood pressure at, 70. Functions of, 51. Work of, 174.

Carbohydrates, 119, 125. Purpose served by, 121. Storage of, 177. Tests for, 135.

Carbon, 134.

Carbon dioxide, Final disposition of, 111. Preparation, 115. Pressure, 110. Properties, 110, 115.

Cardiac cycle, 46.

Cardiac orifice, 147.

Carpals, 227.

Carpus, 228.

Cell body, 283. Functions of, 305.

Cell-division, 16.

Cell nucleus, 14.

Cell reproduction, 16.

Cell structure, 14.

Cell surroundings, 17.

Cell wall, 15.

Cells, 13-23. Bone, how nourished, 220. Ciliated epithelial, 81. Food supply to, 180. General work of, 17. Importance of, 15. Passage of materials to, 183. Relation to nutrient fluid, 20. Specialized, 197. Special work of, 18. Striated muscle, 244.

Cerebellum, 290. Functions of, 317.

Cerebral functions, localization of, 318.

Cerebral hemispheres, 289.

Cerebral peduncles, 290.

Cerebrum, 288. Functions of, 317.

Chlorine, 135.

Cholesterine, 155.

Chordæ tendineæ, 43.

Choroid coat, 375.

Chyme, 150.

Cigarettes, 333.

Cilia, 81. To observe, 101.

Ciliary muscle, 375.

Ciliary processes, 375.

Circulation of blood, 40-64. Causes of, 54. Discovery of, by Harvey, 40. Divisions of, 51, 52. Effects of exercise upon, 63. Effects of gravity upon, 64. In a frog's foot, 64. Organs of, 40-54. Routes to, 174.

Coagulation, Causes of, 31. Purpose of, 32. Time required for, 33.

Cochlea, 362.

Coffee, Effects on complexion, 274. Effects on digestion, 167. Effects on heart, 56.

Colds, 193. Serious nature of, 94. To cure, 94.

Colon, parts of, 158.

Complexion, care of, 273.

Compound, defined, 104.

Conduction pathways, 286.

Conductivity, 304.

Condyloid joint, 232.

Conjunctiva, 373.

Consumption, see Tuberculosis.

Control of arteries, 319.

Convolutions, 289.

Coördination, defined, 279.

Cornea, 375.

Corpora quadrigemina, 290.

Corpora striata, 289.

Corpus callosum, 289, 293.

Cortex, 288, 294.

Coughing, 81.

Cranial cavity, 7, 225.

Cranial nerves, 296.

Crura cerebri, 290.

Crystalline lens, 380.

Culex, 402.

Cytoplasm, 15.

Defects in focusing, 383.

Deformities of skeleton, 233-236. Correction of, 236. Prevention of, 235.

Deglutition, 145. Steps in, 146.

Dendrites, 283, 306.

Dentine, 143.

Dermis, 264.

Dextrose, 30, 120, 150.

Diaphragm, 88. To illustrate action of, 102.

Diastole, 46.

Diaxonic neuron, 283.

Diet, one-sided, 124.

Diffusion, 371.

Digestion, 130-172. Hygiene of, 160. Nature of, 130. Not a simple process, 131. Of fat, 156. Purpose of, 177. Stomach, 148.

Digestive fluids, 132.

Digestive organs, 160. Table of, 138.

Digestive processes, 130, 141. Illustrated, 137.

Diphtheria, 94, 405. Care after, 211.

Disaccharides, 120.

Disease, 392-412. Causes of, 393. Eruptive, 405. Precautions in recovery from, 407. Prevention of, 393.

Dislocations, 239.

Dorsal-root ganglia, 295.

Drill, "setting up," 237.

Drugs, effects of, 35, 55, 129, 332.

Duodenum, 151.

Dura, 299.

Ear, 358. Hygiene of, 365. To demonstrate, 369.

Ear drum, 359.

Efferent neurons, 296.

Element, defined, 104.

Elevators of the ribs, 87.

Emetics, 151.

Emotional states, effects of, 330.

End bulbs, 342.

Endocardium, 42.

Endolymph, 361.

End-plate, 244.

End-to-end connections, 286.

Energy, 107, 186-196. Bodily control of, 192. From sun to cells, 191. How plants store sun's, 189. Increasing one's bodily, 194. In food and oxygen, 190. Kinds of, 186. Methods of storing, 187, 188. Transformation of, in muscle, 248, 249.

Enzymes, 132, 155. Of the tissues, 184.

Epidermis, 264, 266.

Epiglottis, 80, 354.

Epithelium, 139.

Eruptive diseases, 405.

Esophagus, 146.

Eustachian tube, 359.

Excessive reading, 331.

Excitant impulse, 305.

Excretion, 197-213. Defined, 18. Necessity for, 201.

Exercise, 256, 257, 328, 409. General rules for, 259. Results of, 257.

Exhaustion, nervous, 211. Results of, 195.

External ear, 358.

External stimuli, action of, 307.

Eye, 370-391.

Eyeball, 373. Chambers of, 377. Focusing power of, 378. Movements of, 381.

Eyelids, 373.

Eyes, Care of, 386. Removal of foreign bodies from, 387, Strong chemicals in, 388.

Eye strain, 211. And disease, 385.

Fat, 30, 149, 162. Digestion of, 156. Emulsification of, 157. Purpose served by, 121. Route taken by, 175. Tests for, 137. Where stored, 178.

Fatty acid, 156.

Fenestra ovalis, 361.

Fenestra rotunda, 363.

Ferments, see Enzymes.

Fibrin, 31.

Fibrin ferment, 32.

Fibrinogen, 30, 31.

Fissures, 289.

Food, 117-137. Advantages of coarse, 167. Classes of, 118, 119. Composition of, 124. Dangers from impure, 165. Defined, 117. Elements supplied by, 134. Excess of proteid, 208. Frequency of taking, 165. Materials, table of, 126, 126. Nitrogenous, 119. Order of taking, 161. Preparation of, 164. Purity of, 128. Quantity of, 164. Simple, 118. Variety, 128. With reference to digestive changes, 132.

Foot lever, diagram of, 253.

Foot-pound, 196.

Foot-wear, hygienic, 238.

Fractures, treatment of, 239.

Fumigation, 400.

Furniture, school, 236.

Gall bladder, 154.

Ganglia, 281. Dorsal-root, 295. Sympathetic, 298.

Gastric glands, 147.

Gastric juice, to illustrate action of, 172.

Gelatine, 218.

Germ diseases, avoidance of, 394.

Germs, 29, 394, 395. How spread, 395.

Glands, 197-213. Digestive, 140. Ductless, 208. Excretory, work of, 201. Gastric, 147. Kinds of, 197, 198. Lymphatic, 68, 208. Perspiratory, 206. Salivary, 144. Structure of, 197. Thymus, 208. Thyroid, 208.

Gliding joint, 232.

Glottis, 355.

Glycogen, 120, 177.

Grape sugar, tests for, 120, 136.

Gross anatomy, defined, 1.

Gullet, 146.

Gustatory pore, 345.

Gustatory stimulus, 345.

Habits, 315, 334.

Hair, 267. Care of, 276.

Hair cells, 363.

Hair follicle, 267.

Haversian canals, 219.

Hearing, defective, 366.

Heart, 41. Care of, 55. Connection with arteries and veins, 45. Difference in parts of, 44. How it does its work, 45. Observations on, 60, 61, 62. Sounds of the, 47. Valves of, 43.

Heart muscle, structure of, 247.

Heat and cold, effects of, 330.

Hemoglobin, 26.

Hepatic artery, 154.

Hepatic veins, 154.

Hindbrain, 290.

Hinge joint, 231.

Histology, defined, 1.

Humerus, 227.

Hyaloid membrane, 378.

Hydrochloric acid, 149, 150.

Hydrogen, 134.

Hygiene, Defined, 2. General aim of, 2. General laws of, 2, 392. Of digestion, 160. Of skeleton, 238. Relation of physiology and anatomy to, 3.

Hygienic housekeeping, 399.

Hypoglossal nerves, 298.

Ileo-cæcal valve, 151.

Ileum, 151.

Images, Diagram illustrating, 372. Formation of, 371.

Incisors, 143.

Incus, 359.

Infectious diseases, 394.

Infundibula, 80, 84.

Inhibitory impulse, 305.

Insomnia, 329.

Inspiratory force, 70.

Intercellular material, production of, 13, 18.

Internal ear, 360.

Intestinal juice, 152, 157.

Iris, 375.

Iron, 135.

Irritability, 6, 243, 304.

Isolation, 406.

Jejunum, 151.

Joints, 230-232, 242.

Kidneys, 201. Blood supply to, 204. Cortex of, 204. Inflammation of, 211. Pelvis of, 202. Structure, 202. Symptoms of diseased, 211. Work of, 205.

Knee jerk reflex, 322.

Lachrymal glands, 383.

Lacteals, work of, 174.

Lacunæ, 220.

Laminæ, 220.

Large intestine, 157. Division of, 158. Work of, 159.

Larynx, 80, 353-357. To show plan of, 368.

Lever, 251. Application to the body, 251. Classes of, in body, 251. Producing motion, diagram of, 252. To show action of, 252.

Leucocytes, 27.

Levulose, 120, 150.

Life, maintenance of, 20.

Light, 370, 371. Simple properties, illustrated, 389.

Light waves, diagram illustrating passage of, 370.

Lime water, to prepare, 101.

Liver, 52, 152-155, 178. Protection of, 210. Work of, 206.

Lockjaw, 276.

Longsightedness, 384.

Lung capacity, diagram illustrating, 89.

Lung diseases, out-door cure for, 98.

Lungs, 77-103. Capacity of, 88. Changes air undergoes in, 101. Excretory work of, 207. Interchange of gases in, 88. Observations of, 100. Supply of blood to, 82. To estimate capacity of, 103. Weakest portions of, 92.

Lymph, 65-75. Composition, 66. Movements at the cells, 71. Origin of, 65. Physical properties, 66. Where it enters the blood, 70.

Lymph movements, causes of, 69.

Lymph spaces, 66.

Lymph vessels, 66. Variable pressure on the walls of, 70.

Magnesium, 135.

Malarial fever, 401.

Malleus, 359.

Malpighian capsules, 203.

Maltose, 120.

Massage, 259.

Mastication, Muscles of, 144. Slow, 145. Thorough, 160. To show importance of, 171.

Matrix, 267.

Measles, 94. Care after, 211.

Median fissures, 289.

Medulla oblongata, 291.

Medullary sheath, 284.

Membrana tympani, 358.

Membrane, Active, 173. Basement, 197. Basilar, 363.

Membranous capsule, 377.

Membranous labyrinth, 361.

Mesentery, 152.

Metacarpals, 227.

Midbrain, 289.

Middle ear, 359. Purposes of, 360.

Milk sugar, 120.

Mineral salts, 30. Uses, 121.

Moderate drinkers, 333.

Molars, 143.

Molecules, defined, 105.

Mon-axonic neuron, diagram of, 282.

Mono-saccharides, 120.

Mosquitoes, 401-403. Remedies against, 402.

Mouth, 141.

Movable joints, Kinds of, 231. Structure of, 230.

Mucous membrane, 80, 264.

Mucus, 139.

Muscle organ, 245.

Muscles, 243-263. Alimentary, 189. Important, 254-256. Intercostal, 87. Of mastication, 144. Properties of, 243.

Muscular force, plan of using, 249.

Muscular sensations, 344.

Muscular stimulus, 248.

Muscular stimulus and contraction, to illustrate, 261.

Muscular tissue, kinds of, 243, 244.

Nails, 267. Care of, 276.

Nasal duct, 383.

Neck exercise, 328.

Nerve cells, 281, 282.

Nerve fibers, 282, 293, 294.

Nerve path, diagram of, 286.

Nerve pathways, to demonstrate, 322.

Nerves, 281.

Nerve skeleton, 280. Diagram of, 281.

Nerve stimuli, 306.

Nerve trunks, 281.

Nervous activity, wasteful forms of, 325.

Nervous control of, Body temperature, 320. Circulation of blood, 318. Respiration, 320.

Nervous energy, economizing of, 315.

Nervous impulse, 248, 305.

Nervousness, 326.

Nervous system, 279-337. Diagram of, 287. Dissection of, 302. Divisions of, 287. Hygiene of, 324-337. Nature of, 287. Physiology of, 304-323. Work of, 280.

Neural arch, 224.

Neurilemma, 284.

Neurons, 281, 282. Arrangement of, 284, 293. Diagram, illustrating, 285. Properties of, 304.

Nicotine, Effects of, 333. Relation of age to effects, 333.

Nitrogen, 134.

Non-striated cells, to show, 261.

Non-striated muscles, Purpose of, 246. Structure of, 246. Work of, 247.

Normal temperature, 269.

Nosebleed, 58.

Nucleoplasm, 14.

Nutrients (see Foods), Composition of, 135. Relative quantity needed, 123. Routes taken by, 175. Tests for, 136.

Nutriment, storage of, 177-180.

Olfactory stimulus, 347.

Opsonins, 34.

Optic thalami, 289.

Orbit, 373.

Organ, defined, 7.

Organism, defined, 19.

Organization, defined, 10.

Osmosis, 72. At the cells, 72. To illustrate, 75.

Ossein, 218.

Overstudy, 211.

Oxidation, defined, 106.

Oxygen, 104-117. Combined, 105, 113. Free, 105, 113. How it unites, 105. Main uses of, 108. Movement a necessity, 106, 108, 115. Movement in body, 106, 108, 115. Nature of, 104. Passage of, from cells, 110. Passage of, through blood, 109. Passage of, toward cells, 109. Preparation of, 113. Pressure, 109. Properties of, 113. Purpose of, in the body, 106.

Oxyhemoglobin, 27.

Pacinian corpuscles, 342, 343. To demonstrate, 348.

Pancreas, 155.

Pancreatic juice, 155.

Papillæ, 266.

Patent medicines, 166.

Pelvic girdle, 226.

Pepsin, 149.

Peptones, 149, 176.

Pericardium, 41.

Perilymph, 361.

Perimysium, 245.

Periosteum, 218.

Peritoneum, 180.

Perspiration, 207.

Pharynx, 145. Openings into, 145, 146.

Phosphorus, 135.

Phrenic nerve, 302.

Physiological salt solution, 38.

Physiology, defined, 2.

Pia, 299.

Pigment granules, 266.

Pinna, 358.

Pitch, detection of, 365.

Pivot joint, 232.

Plasma, 25, 29.

Pleura, 84.

Plexus, 281.

Pneumonia, 94.

Pons, 290.

Pons Varolii, 290.

Portal vein, 154.

Primitive sheath, 284.

Proteids, 161. Circulating, 179. Kinds of, 118. Purposes of, 119. Supplied by, 125. Tests for, 135, 136. Tissue, 179.

Proteoses, 149, 176.

Protoplasm, 14.

Protozoa, 394.

Ptyalin, 145.

Public sanitation, 396.

Pulp cavity, 143.

Pupil, 375.

Pure food law, 128.

Pus, 28, 29.

Pyloric orifice, 147.

Pyramids, 202.

Quarantine, 406.

Radius, 227.

Reaction time, to determine, 323.

Reading glasses, 386.

Receptacle of the chyle, 68, 170.

Rectum, 158.

Red corpuscles, 25. Disappearance of, 27. Function of, 26. Origin of, 27. To examine, 38. To prepare models of, 39.

Red marrow, 219.

Reënforcement of sound, 352, 356, 368.

Reflection, kinds of, 371.

Reflex action, 308. Diagram illustrating, 310. In circulation of blood, 311. In digestion, 310. Purposes of, 311.

Reflex action and mind, 308.

Reflex action pathway, 309.

Refraction, 371.

Rennin, 149.

Respiration, 76-103. Artificial, 97. Internal, 89. Lung, 76.

Retina, 376.

Retinitis, 333.

Rheumatism, Effects on the heart, 56. Sequel to other diseases, 407.

Right lymphatic duct, 67.

Rods and cones, 377.

Rods of Corti, 364.

Sacrum, 224.

Saliva, 145. Composition of, 145. Uses of, 145. To show action on starch, 171.

Salivary glands, 144. Kinds of, 144. Reflex action of, 323.

Sanitation, defined, 2.

Sarcolemma, 244.

Sarcoplasm, 244.

Scala media, 363.

Scala tympani, 363.

Scala vestibula, 363.

Scarlet fever, care after, 211.

Sciatic nerve, 302.

Sclerotic coat, 374.

Secondary reflex action, 314.

Secretions, 197. Kinds of, 200.

Secretory process, nature of, 199.

Seeing, problem of, 372.

Self-control, 326, 334. Habit of, 325.

Semicircular canals, 362.

Semilunar valves, 44.

Sensations, 338-349. Classes of, 339. Production of, 338, 349. Purposes of, 340. Special, 340.

Sensations (continued). Steps in production of, 341.

Sensation stimuli, 339.

Sense organs, simple forms of, 341, 342

Serous coat, 140, 148.

Serous membrane, 264.

Serum albumin, 30.

Serum globulin, 30.

Shortsightedness, 384.

Shoulder girdle, 226.

Sight, organs of, 373.

Sigmoid flexure, 158.

Simple life, 410.

Skeleton, 216-243. How deformed, 234. Hygiene of, 233. Plan of, 221. Purpose of, 221.

Skin, 264-277. As regulator of temperature, 270. Experiments on, 349. Functions of, 267, 268. Observations on skin, 278.

Skin wounds, treatment of, 275.

Skull, 225.

Sleep, 329.

Small intestine, 151. Mucous membrane of, 151. Muscular coat of, 152. As organ of absorption, 173. Parts of, 151. Serous coat of, 152. Work of, 157.

Smell, Sensation of, 346. Value of, 347.

Sneezing, 81.

Sodium, 135.

Sodium carbonate, 155.

Sodium chloride, 122.

Soft palate, 141.

Solution, 131. Kinds of, 73.

Solution theory, 156.

Solvents, 131.

Sound, To illustrate origin of, 367. To show transmission of, 367.

Sound waves, As stimuli, 331. Nature of, 350. Reënforcement of, 352. To show effects of, 368. Value of, 353.

Speech, production of, 357.

Spinal column, 223-225. Hygiene of, 233.

Spinal cord, 280. Protection of, 299.

Spinal nerves, 295. Double nature of, 295.

Spitting, 403.

Spleen, 208.

Sprains, 239, 240.

Stapes, 359.

Starch, 162. Action of, on saliva, 171. Animal, 120. Tests for, 136.

Steapsin, 155, 156.

Stegomyia, 403.

Sternum, 225.

Stomach, 147. Mucous membrane of, 147. Muscular action of, 150. Muscular coat, 148.

Serous coat, 148.

Storage of nutriment, 177-179.

"Strenuous life," 410.

Striated fibers, to show, 261.

Striated muscles, to show, 261.

Stroma, 25.

Sugars, kinds, 120.

Sulphur, 135.

Supra-renal bodies, 208.

Suspensory ligament, 377.

Sutures, 230.

Sympathetic ganglia and nerves, 298. Work of, 316.

Synovial fluid, 231.

Synovial membrane, 231.

System, defined, 20.

Systole, 46.

Taste buds, 345.

Tea, Effects on digestion, 167. Effects on heart, 56.

Tears, 383.

Teeth, 142. Care of 163. Kinds of, 143.

Temperature, Body, 207. Corpuscles, 271, 345. Sensation, 343.

Tendon of Achilles, 256.

Tendons, 246.

Tests for foods, 136, 137.

Tetanus, 262, 275.

Thoracic cavity, 7, 85, 100, 102.

Thoracic duct, 67, 170.

Thorax, 85. Bones of, 225.

Tissue enzymes, 182.

Tissues, 4. Complex nature of, 13. Defined, 20. General purposes of, 5. Kinds of, 5, 6. Observations on, 12. Properties of, 6.

Tobacco, effect on heart, 56.

"Tobacco heart," 56, 333.

Tongue, 143.

Tonic bath, 273.

Touch, 343.

Touch corpuscles, 342.

Toxins, 394.

Trachea, 80.

Trypsin, 155, 156.

Tuberculosis, 90, 92, 94, 98. How communicated, 403. Outdoor treatment, 98. To prevent, 404.

Tympanum, 359.

Typhoid fever, 404, 407.

Ulna, 227.

Urea, 110, 205, 207, 210.

Ureters, 170.

Uriniferous tubules, 203.

Vaccination, 406.

Valves, Advantages of, in veins, 49, 63. Mitral, 43. Position of, in veins, 63. Purposes of, 49, 63. Tricuspid, 43.

Veins, 47. Functions of, 51. Renal, 202.

Ventilation, 94. Rules for, 95, 96.

Ventricles, 42. To illustrate action of, 62.

Vermiform appendix, 158.

Vertebræ, 223-225. Interlocking of, 225. Joining of, 224. Kinds, 223.

Vestibule, 361.

Villi, 152. Parts of, 173, 174.

Visual perceptions, 382.

Visual sensations, 382.

Vitreous humor, 378.

Vocal cords, 355.

Voice, 353-357. How produced, 356. Pitch and intensity, 356.

Voluntary action, 311, 312.

Voluntary action pathways, 312.

Vomiting, 151, 152.

Waste material, passage from body, 210.

Wastes, 30.

Water, Importance of, 123. Supply of, 398. Value of, 210.

Water-vapor, 208.

White corpuscles, 27, 28. Functions of, 29. To examine, 39.

Work, Hygienic value of, 328, 409.

Worry, 211.

Yellow fever, 403.

Yellow marrow, 218.

Yellow spot, 377.