Chapter VIII
Reading edition
Vocabulary of words of Indian and Sanscrit origin.
Abádi
An inhabited place.
Aban
The name of the eighth month.
Abáshan
A low caste of labourers.
Abd
A slave.
Abdáli
Fakirs of the báshara order.
Abdár
A servant who prepares water for domestic use.
Abdhut
A sect of religious mendicants.
Abhir
A caste employed as cowherds and shepherds.
Abkár
A maker of strong waters.
Abri
A building stone found at Kabul.
Achárgya
A caste of Bengalese, said to have originated from the Brahmins.
Achárya
A teacher.
Achátur
A caste of cultivators of the soil.
Adálat
A court of justice.
Adar
The ninth month.
Adbhutásánti
A burnt sacrifice used to counteract evil omens.
Adhipati
A ruler.
Adhwaryu
The third class of priests employed at a vedic sacrifice.
Adi Granth
The chief scripture of the Sikhs.
Adináth
The first arhat of the Jains.
Aditya
The sun.
Adlingadawar
A caste of agriculturists.
Advichinchi
A caste of cultivators of the land.
Afrit
A demon.
Agarwala
A trading caste.
Agasa
A caste of washermen.
Aghora
Religious mendicants who sometimes feed on human flesh.
Agiari
A temple in which perpetual fire is maintained.
Agni
The god of fire.
Aguri
A Bengalese caste of cultivators.
Ahri
One of the Himalayan gods.
Ahriman
The personification of evil in the Zoroastrian religion.
Akshamala
A string of beads.
Alifshai
The Benawa fakirs.
Amanth
A Bengalese caste employed as servants.
Amaras
Immortal.
Ambattan
A caste employed as barbers.
Amma Kodagas
A sect driven away by the Brahmins.
Anant
Endless, a name applied to Vishnu and other gods.
Andhyaru
A Parsi priest.
Andra
A Buddhist dynasty considered to have reigned in India from 31 B.C. to 429 A.D.
Anila
The god of fire.
Annapurná
The goddess who is said to feed the inhabitants of Benares.
Aranyaka
A part of the Veda, considered so holy that it may be read only in the solitude of a forest.
Archáka
An officiating priest at a pagoda.
Ardha-matra
A mysterious word applicable to the deity.
Ardhanárisa
Name of Siva in his form as half male, half female.
Arjà
A female mendicant.
Asani
A small seat, also a carpet used at prayers.
Asiloma
A demon who had swords instead of hair.
Asthal
A temple.
Asura
A spirit.
Atasil
The eight precepts binding on an upasaka.
Atharwa
The name of the fourth veda.
Aukamma
A village goddess.
Avasta
The Zoroastrian scriptures.
Ayenar
A god of India who is supposed to guard the fields from demons.
Azád
An order of fakirs.
Bagh
A garden.
Bahucharaji
A goddess worshipped in Gujarat.
Bahuta
An amulet worn on the arm by the worshippers of Narsingh.
Bai
A lady.
Baidni
A woman of the Baidya caste.
Baidya
A caste supposed to be the offspring of a Brahman father and Vaisya mother.
Balái
A caste of Sudras.
Balarám
The elder brother of Krishna, sometimes an incarnation of Vishnu.
Bàna
An arrow.
Bandhá
A slave or bondmen.
Baráhan
A goddess who is supposed to cure swelled hands and feet.
Barát
The final ceremony of a marriage.
Barwa
A wise man of the Bhils.
Basani
A prostitute, or female dedicated to a god.
Basawa
The sacred bull.
Báshkala
A demon.
Benawa
A community of fakirs of the beshara order.
Beshara
Those fakirs who hold themselves above the law.
Bhadarià
Mendicant astrologers of Brahman origin.
Bhadu
A low class of Uriya Brahmans.
Bhagat
A worshipper.
Bhagván
The divine spirit.
Bhagwat
A name for God.
Bhairawa
A name of Siva.
Bhairawanath
A name of Siva.
Bhairon
same as Bhaironath.
Bhákta
A devotee.
Bhávin
A woman devoted to the service of the Temple.
Bhikhu
A religious mendicant.
Bhopi
A priest of a village temple.
Bhu
The earth.
Bhut
The spirit of the dead; a goblin.
Bhuteswara
A name of Siva as destroyer.
Bhutya
Devotees of Bhawani.
Bilwa
The bel tree.
Bishéswar
A name of Siva, alluding to his having swallowed poison.
Boa
A Temple.
Bo-tree
The pipal.
Brahmá
The Creator.
Bráhman
The first of the Hindu castes.
Bráhmáni
A woman of Brahman caste.
Broto
A vow.
Budibudaki
A religious beggar who smears himself with ashes.
Burha-Deo
The great God.
But
The name of a devi.
Catanar
A priest of the Syrian Church.
Chakra
The weapon of Vishnu.
Chattur
A consecrated cake of cow-dung.
Chhandas
A sacred hymn.
Chhandoga
A name of the udgatri priest.
Chillah
A forty days’ fast.
Chitpáwan
A subdivision of the Maharashtra Brahmans.
Chitragupta
The first of the ministers of Yama.
Cholipanth
A sect of Panjabis allowing free sexual intercourse.
Chori
A marriage hall.
Churel
A hobgoblin in the form of a hideous woman.
Crore
Ten millions.
Dádá
An elderly person, or a paternal grandfather.
Dádupanthi
A Vaishnawa sect founded by Dadu.
Daftar
A register.
Dágoba
A dome-like structure built over the relics of a saint.
Dáin
A witch.
Daitya
A demon.
Daiwatapka
Parsi betrothal ceremony.
Dakaut
Braminical astrological mendicants.
Dakiri
A female imp who feeds upon human flesh.
Dachocha
A caste said to be descended from a Brahman father and a Gauli mother.
Dakshina
A cow fit to be given to a Brahman.
Danawa
A demon.
Dargah
The tomb of a saint.
Dasi
A woman dedicated to a temple.
Dastur
A Parsi high priest.
Devi
A goddess; especially Durga.
Devrukhi
The room of a temple where the idol stands.
Dewa
A god.
Dewánga
One who wears the emblem of Siva.
Dewasthán
A temple.
Dewatá
A deity.
Dhumra
A giant.
Dinesha
Lord of the day.
Diwar
-Divinity of a village, for whom a portion of the grain is set apart at each harvest.
Dobe
A brahma who has studied two of the four Vedas.
Durdhara
A leader in the army of demons.
Durgá
The consort of Siva.
Durgá-pugá
The worship of Durgá.
Durmukha
The name of a demon—the fury faced.
Dwáparayuga
The Third age of the world.
Eshana
One of the names of Siva.
Fakir
A Mohammedan religious mendicant.
Gábhára
The inner room of a temple where the idol stands.
Gadipati
Chief of a body of religious mendicants.
Ganesa
A god, the son of Siva.
Garudi
A snake charmer.
Gentoo
Another name for a Hindu.
Ghaus
A fakir of the highest sanctity.
Gomedha
The sacrifice of a cow.
Gondhal
A noisy festival in honour of Devi.
Gopura
Building over the gate of a temple.
Gorakhnath
A name of Siva.
Gosain
An ascetic.
Goshanashin
A Mohammedan ascetic.
Grámadewatá
Tutelary deity of a village.
Granthi
A reader of the Granth, or Sikh Scriptures.
Grihadava
The tutelary god of a house.
Grihastha
A Brahman in the second asrama.
Guga
A saint to whom offerings are made to avert danger from snakes.
Guru
A religious teacher.
Haj
A pilgrimage.
Haji
One who has performed the Haj.
Hambali
One of the orthodox schools of Sunnis.
Har
A name of Siva.
Hara
The destroyer.
Harpuji
The worship of the plough.
Homa
An oblation made by pouring butter on a fire.
Hotri
The highest class of priest employed at a Vedic sacrifice.
Huttari
Festival in honour of the rice harvest.
Id-al-fitr
Festival of breaking fast.
Idgáh
A place of prayer for Mussalmans.
Imám
The officiating priest of a mosque.
Indra
The king of the firmament.
Iravata
The elephant of Indra.
Ishna-namaz
Prayer of sunset.
Ishrak-namaz
Prayer at sunrise.
Ishtadewa
A favourite deity.
Iswara
A name of Siva.
Jág
A vigil kept by Sudras on the tenth night after a sudden death, in order to summon the spirit of the deceased into the body of his son, or other person, and reveal the cause of death, the place where his treasures are hidden, or other matter desired to be known.—J. T. Melesworth.
Jagannáth
A name of Vishnu.
Jajmán
A patron.
Janárdan
A name of Vishnu.
Jánhavi
A name of the Ganges.
Játra
A pilgrimage to a holy place.
Jin
A goblin.
Jivagár
A Buddhist ascetic.
Jnándewa-panthi
A supposed incarnation of Vishnu.
Kabir-panthi
A Vaishnawa sect, followers of Kabir.
Kailása
The heaven of Siva.
Káli
The wife of Siva.
Kalki
The name of Vishnu in his tenth awatar, which is to take place at the end of the present, or kali, age, when he will destroy the wicked and inaugurate a new age of purity.—Whitworth.
Karniji
A goddess worshipped in Bikaner.
Kátáyani
A name of the goddess Parvati.
Kesari
The name of the lion of Durga.
Keshava
One of the names of Vishnu.
Khatib
The preacher in the mosque on Fridays and feast-days.
Khirakasi
A sect of Hindus who renounced idolatry and Brahmanism.
Khodiár
The devi of one of seven sisters of the Charan caste.
Koti
A crore, or ten millions.
Kowmári
A appellation of Durga.
Kowshiki
A goddess that emanated from Párvati.
Kuber
The god of riches.
Lakshmi
Wife of Vishnu.
Linga
The phallus or emblematic representation of Siva.
Lingait
A sect of Saiwas who wear the emblem of the linga.
Lohana
The most numerous class of Hindus in Sindh.
Lokas
The world.
Madhu
The name of a demon.
Madhwáchárya
A Vaishava sect.
Mahádeva
A name of Siva.
Mahájanwádi
A place where caste feasts are celebrated.
Mahákála
A name of Siva.
Mahéswar
A name of Siva.
Mánbhawa
A Vaishnava sect.
Mantra
Form of worship in the oldest part of the veda.
Manu
Man. Founder of the Manvantara.
Máruta
Wind. A god of the wind.
Masjid
A Mohommedan church.
Mastán
The Rasulsháhi fakirs.
Mátá
Name applied to various goddesses.
Matiá
A believer.
Matsya
The first principal awater of Vishnu.
Mobed
A Parsi priest.
Mund
A demon.
Muni
A saint.
Mundphoda
The Gurzmar fakirs, who beat their heads until they bleed in order to extort charity.
Musá Sohág
A body of fakirs who dress as women.
Mutawalli
The warden of a mosque.
Nádiyá
A bull marked as sacred.
Nágá
Naked.
Nágéswaraswámi
A serpent deity.
Nama
A mark worn on the forehead by followers of Vishnu.
Námadári
A Vaishnava.
Nandana
A beautiful garden in Indra’s heaven.
Nandá Devi
A name of Durga.
Nandi
Siva’s bull.
Narak
The place of punishment for souls.
Narakásur
A demon son of Bhumi, slain by Vishnu.
Nárangkár
The maker of men.
Náráyana
The divine spirit moving on the waters.
Narsinh
A form assumed by Vishnu in order to destroy the demon Hiranyakásipu.
Nat
A spirit supposed to have the power to ward off evil.
Navar
A Parsi priest of low order.
Nazar
The evil eye.
Nimbárka
A Vaishavan sect worshipping Krishna and Riadha conjointly.
Nirwána
Having the fire of life extinguished.
Pagoda
A Hindu temple in the south of India.
Parameshvari
A name of Durga.
Paramahansa
A sect of Siva’s devotees.
Pariah
An outcast from society.
Párvati
The consort of Siva.
Pasupati
A name of Siva.
Pátála
The nether regions.
Pávaka
The god of fire.
Pináki
A name of Siva.
Prakriti
A goddess.
Pundarikaksha
Lotus-eyed.
Purusha
Man; the human soul.
Rájasuya
A sacrifice performed at a coronation.
Rali
The deified spirit of a woman who drowned herself on being married to a child.
Rámánandi
A sect of Vaisnavas.
Rámánuja
A Vaishawan sect in the south of India.
Ramban
A priest of high rank.
Rath
A war chariot.
Rig
The first Veda.
Rishi
A sage or hermit.
Rozah
A fast.
Rudra
The storm-god.
Sádhu
A saint.
Sadrá
The sacred shirt worn by the Parsis.
Sadubá
The name of a goddess.
Sákta
A worshipper of a sakti.
Sakti
Power.
Sama
The third Veda.
Sanhita
A collection of Vedic hymns.
Sannyási
An ascetic.
Saptapadi
Seven steps taken round the sacred fire, part of a Hindu marriage.
Saravasti
Goddess of eloquence and literature.
Sastri
A teacher.
Sattra
A sacrifice.
Sanra
A worshipper of the sun.
Sávitri
One of the incarnations of Sarasvati.
Shakra
One of the denominations of Indra.
Shakti
Power.
Shambu
An appellation of Siva.
Siva
The third person of the Hindu triad.
Srawak
A Buddhist saint.
Sura
A deity.
Tarpana
Offering of water.
Trinetra
Three-eyed.
Ugni
God of fire.
Umbiká
A name of Durga.
Vaishnavi
The consort of Vishnu.
Vanhi
One of the names of the god of fire.
Vidhi
One of the names of Brahma.
Vipra
A person who recites Vedas.
Vishnu
The second person of the Hindu triad, the preserver.
Vrutra
The name of a demon.
Yogini
A class of malicious female fiends.