Part 3 — INDEX
Reading edition
When a subject is treated on more than one consecutive page, reference is usually made to the first page only.
Action and Reaction, 264
Adaptability, 13, 63
Adaptation, in nature, how regarded by Paley, 3; argument from imperfect adaptations, 4, 14, 136, 143, 152; how conceived by evolution theory, 10, 12; Lamarck’s theory of, 68; Weismann’s theory, 93 sqq.; Darwin’s explanation, 72; directive theory, 115 sqq.; effects of new environment, 123 sqq. See Co-adaptation
Æschylus, 159
Amblystoma, 40 (illustration facing), 125
Amœba, 30, 47, 143
Amphimixis, 39, 98
Anabæna, 141
Anableps, 100, 112
Ants, 78, 85, 89, 111, 154
Apperception and Free-will, 172
Arch, effect of, in architecture, 258
Aristotle, 247 note
Art, 158; and Beauty, 237, 251; origin of, 239; question of subject in, 244, 268; an expression of life, 246, 250; Greek and Hottentot ideals of, 253; classification of the arts, 254; art in structure, 256; in ornament, 259; artistic effect of use and service, 260. See Music, Dancing, Literature, etc.
Asceticism, 214 sqq., 218 note
Axolotl, 125
Azolla fern, 141
Bacon, F., 6
Becoming, the universe a, 20, 186; Deity conceived as ‘becoming,’ 5
Beddard, F. E., 24 note, 58, 106
Bentham, J., 200
Berkeley, Bp., 165 note, 176 note
Bifocal eyes in fish, 99
Bisexuality, significance of, in Mollusca, 101
Bose, J. C., 21 note
Brain-structure and Will, 178, 184
Brown-Séquard, 78
Butler, Bp., 241
Bütschli, O., 30
Butterflies, protective colouring of, 15, 83, 98, 106, 113, 127
Catullus, 222
Cave-animals, 71, 72 note, 78
Cell, the, 29, 38; division of, 40 sqq.; germ and sperm cells, 45, 51; fusion of, in reproduction, 53
Chaffinch, case of hermaphrodite, 58
Chlorophyll, 24; in animals, 26
Christ, 205; martyrdom of, 232
Chromatin, 39 sqq.
Cleanthes, 247
Co-adaptation, 70, 80, 98, 138
Competition, 58, 105
Conjugation, 47
Conscience, 211
Co-operation among animals, 104, Appendix B; among species, 138
Crabs, hermit, 141; Molucca, 280
Crystallization, 22 note, 156
Dancing, 270
Darwin, Erasmus, 6, 281
Darwin, Francis, 7, 33, 72, 87, 138
Death, significance of, for the spirit, 190, 235
Deity, the end, not beginning of nature, 5; personality of, 14, 17; immanent or transcendent? 155; defined by Æschylus, 159; an infinite, not related to phenomena, 162; how approached by man, 159, 162, Appendix A
Determinants, 44; competition among, 98; significance of, in evolution, 68, 96
Determinism, doctrine of, 163 sqq.
Development contrasted with growth, 32
Dice, of nature loaded, 92, 102
Dominants. See Reinke
Drama, 272
Dualism, 195
Duty, sense of, not created by pleasures and pains, 203; effects of, compared with those of self-indulgence, 212
Ego, the, 157, 207, Appendix A
Eimer, G., 77 note, 110, 113 note, 137, 143, 152
Elk, the Irish, 70
Energy, how obtained by plants, 25; developed by synthesis, 27, 147; vital and mechanical, how distinguished, 144, 146, 148; supposed effects of the equal distribution of, 222
Epictetus, 218, 226
Ethics, how affected by determinism, 162-3; ethical development a condition of Free-will, 171; the problem of evil, 199, 207; utilitarian systems of, 201; goal of ethical action, 203 sqq.; sanction of ethical action, 234; ethics epitomized, 234; ethics of sex relations, Appendix E
Evolution, change in point of view produced by, 7, 8, 16, 17; produced competition, 104; unknown factors in, 149; evolution and involution, 186, 228. See Adaptation, species
Fisher, M., 270
Francis of Assisi, 215, Appendix D
Free-will, position stated, 164 sqq.; reason in action, 166; Spencer on, 166 note; conditions of, 169; moral bias of, 169 sqq.; limitations of, 171 sqq.; how evolved, 174; can it be reconciled with Monism? 175; will and brain, 177 sqq.
Germinal Selection, 93, 96
Goethe, 6, 31, 185, 267
Goodyear, W. H., 258 note
Gravity, action of, on plants, 62, 145
Guinan, Rev. J., 218 note
Günther, C., 142, 152
Haeckel, E., 39 note, 124, 126, 196, 239
Henslow, G., 123
Heracleitus, 146 note, 278
Hermaphroditism, 58, 101
Hugo, V., 273
Hume, D., 6 note
Hydra, 26
Ids, 44
Immortality, 189, 225, 283
Imperfections in nature, 4, 14, 143, 152
Impressionist school, 266
Intelligence in nature, 14, 16, 130, 157
Irish, the, in the U.S.A., 212 note
Isabella and Claudio, problem of, Appendix E
James, W., on Free-will, 176
Kakasu Okakura, 250 note
Kallima paralecta, 83, 129
Kellogg, V. L., 144 note, 149
Keyserling, H. v., 13 note, 17
Knight, W., 239
Kramskoy, 243
Kropotkin, P., 104, Appendix B
Lamarck, J. B., 6, 68; arguments against his theory, 75, 112, 202; Lamarckism the only alternative to ‘metaphysics,’ 91
Language, evolution of, 133
Lankester, Ray, 24 note
Le Bon, G., 223
Le Dantec, F., 22, 222
Lepus Huxleyi, 126
Life, universality of, 21; characteristics of organic, 23; mechanical conception of, 35, 92, 97; continually being produced, 37; innate capabilities of, 109; final cause of, 206, 208; the individual and the cosmic, 226; the goal of nature, 114, 246; polarity of, 253
Literature, 271
Lodge, O., 147 note
Lotze, H., 185, 196
Maeterlinck, M., 290
Manet, E., 266 note
Man, the growing-point of life, 154
Martyrdoms, significance of, for ethics, 230, 233; of Socrates, 230; of Christ, 232
Matter, its nature unknown, 178; transmitter of consciousness, 188; relation with consciousness not fortuitous, 192; known only through life, 224
Mauclair, C., 266 note
Mendel, Abbott, 58 note
Metabolism, 27
Metaphysics, physics rooted in, 110
Miers, H. A., 22
Mill, J. S., 164, 177, 201
Mind, 137, 167. See Spirit, Intelligence
Mitosis, 42 note
Monism, 17 sqq.; compatible with Free-will, 176; dualism and, 195
Moorhead, T. G., 83
Morlon, 243
Movement, in music, 262, 264; in literature, 272
Music, 261 sqq., 272
Mysticism, 150
Nägeli, C. v., 39, 110, 140, 149
Natural Selection, a ‘superseded formula,’ 7 note; meaning of, 72; originates nothing, 75; a pillar of Weismann’s theory, 103; effect, not cause, of evolution, 104; a real though not the main force, 105, 109; in relation to mimetic markings, 106 sqq.; and to mutual aid among species, 138
Neuter insects. See Ants
Noctiluca, 47
Nucleus, of cell, 30, 39
Ojetti, Fr., 210 note
Oken, L., 110, 137
Oldfield, J., 213 note
Osborn, H. F., 149 note
‘Ought,’ Bentham on the word, 201; contents of the word, 209
Oysters, bisexuality in, 101
Paley, W., his analogy of the watch, 1 sqq.; on the annular ligament, 8; his conception of an ‘Esperanto’ universe, 136
Pandorina, 49, 61, 156
Papilio meriones, 107
Parthenogenesis, 55
Penrose, F. C., 257 note
Perrier, E., 72 note, 91
Personality, 157, 166, 207, 211, Appendix A
Pianola, analogy of, 183
‘Pig-philosophy,’ 221
Plato, 6, 170, 182 note, 185, 195, 227, 244, 246
Poetry, 158. See Literature
Porto Santo rabbit, 126
Potato, response to mutilation, 117
Poulton, E. B., 107
Proteid, 23, 28
Protoplasm, the substance of life, 27; structure of, 30; distinguished from minerals, 37; response in, 61, 112, 113, 117, 119 note, 144; a synthesis of molecules, 147
Reinke, J., on the X factor in life, 1, 63, 117; his theory of dominants, 120, 175
Religion, 159, 212, 277
Reproduction, 39, 46; in multicellular organisms, 48; sexual, 51
Response, 61, 112, 115. See, Life, Protoplasm
Rhythm, 254, 262
Right-handedness, 81
Rolleston, Geo., 54
Ruskin, J., 258 note
Saleeby, C. W., 288
Sanction, ethical, 214, 220, 226 sqq., 234
Santayana, G., 181, 204
Schopenhauer, A., 110, 196, 265
Selection. See Natural Selection, Germinal Selection
Sex, determination of, 57; ethical problems connected with, Appendix E
Sigerson, G., 81 note
Sins, mortal and venial, 210 note
Slater, Fr., 210 note
Sloth, green fur of, 24 note
Snails, bisexuality in, 101
Species, fixity of, 43, 66; mutability of, 67; origin of, not modification of structure by use, ch. IV.; not chance variations, ch. V.; due to directive or psychic factor, ch. VI.; species an organic whole, 49, 138, 147 See Adaptation, Evolution
Spencer, H., controversy with Weismann, 87, 149 note; on social institutions, 131; on Free-will, 166 note; his ethical system, 202, App. C & E
Spinoza, B., 196
Spirit, the human, how accounted for, 151, 175; relations to Matter, 178; death not a disintegration of, 190
Socrates, 227, 230
Stoicism, ethical formula of, 194; conception of Asceticism, 217; what Stoicism lacked, 227
Strasburger, E., 11, 54, 109
Synthesis, principle of, in nature, 119 note, 137, 142, 146, 157
Tennyson, A., 170, 219
Thomson, W. H., 184
Tolstoy, L., on Art, 236 sqq.
Tree, response of roots and shoots to mutilation in, 119
Uexküll, J. v., 13
Unity of nature, 17, 157
Useless structures, 103 note
Utilitarian school of ethics, 200, 229, Appendices C & E
Variations, in reproduction cells, 73, 75; do chance variations afford basis for selection? 92, 94 sqq.
Verworn, Max, 27 note, 148
Viola, 140
Virchow, R., 45 note
Viré, A., 72 note
Volvox, 49
Wagner, R., 272
Wallace, A. R., 105, 125 note, 175
Watch, Paley’s analogy of, 1 sqq.
Weed, in New Zealand, destroyed by willows, 105
Weismann, A., 7 note, 34, 48, 61, 63; controversy with Spencer, 87; his alternative to Lamarckism, 93; his determinants equivalent to Reinke’s dominants, 122
Whale, evolution of, 67
Whitman, Walt, 160, 196, 237, 250 note
Whole, the, its demands on the individual, 220; what it gives to the individual, 225; the universe a, 17; a whole more than the sum of its parts, 119 note; consciousness, etc., of the, 157
Wilson, E. B., 33, 38 notes, 41, 50, 55, 119 note
Wöhler, 24
Wordsworth, W., 249
X factor in life, 1; directive character of, 63, 113, 116, 128 See Adaptation, Intelligence, Language
Zola, E., 248
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