INDEX.
Reading edition
For the names of individual arches, basilicas, catacombs, churches, forums, palaces, piazzas, statues, streets, temples, tombs, and villas, see the headings, Arch, Basilica, Catacombs, Churches, etc.
Academy of Pomponio, 359
Achilleus, martyr, bas-relief representing his execution, 339 (cut)
Acilii Glabriones. See Glabriones
Ærarium Saturni, 163
Agapæ, 42, 336
Ager Fonteianus, 270
Agrippa, M., 79, 82, 99 edifices due to, 176
Agrippa, fate of her pedestal once in the ustrinum, 183, 184 (cut) her death, 183
Aius Locutius, 72
Albanum, amphitheatre of, 6
Alexamenos, 12
Alexander VII., Pope, 36
Altars, ancient, 33 their usual form, 67 See also Aræ
---- of Aius Locutius, 71, 72 (cut) --of Dis and Proserpina, 73 its foundation, 74 its discovery, 76 (cut) its shape and surroundings, 77 --of Hercules, 59 --Incendii Neroniani, 83 --Maxima Herculis, 69 --of Mercurius Sobrius, 34 (cut) --Pacis Augustæ, 82, 83 (cut) --Roma Quadrata, 70 --of Vedjovis, at Bovillæ, 68 --of Verminus, 68
Amasis, King, sphinx of, 94 (cut)
Ambrose, S., 43
Amphitheatre at Albanum, 6
Ampliatus, his tomb, 342 possibly the friend of S. Paul, 343
Anagni, basilica of, 25
Anastasius IV., Pope, his sarcophagus, 197
Ancyra, Augusteum at, 173
Anisson, Charles d', 36
Annius, a maker of lamps, in Ostia, 17
Annona, 27
Antinous, statue of, 240, 241 (cut)
Apollo, in Christian art, 25
Appian Way. See Via Appia
Aqueduct of Damasus, 121
Aquila and Prisca, 110 their house and oratory, 111, 126
Aræ compitales, 33. See Altars
Arch of Claudius, 99 of Constantine, 101 testimony of its inscription to the position of Christianity, 20 (plate) of Marcus Aurelius, panel, 90 (plate)
Arco di S. Lazaro, 181
Argeorum sacraria, 33
Artemisium Nemorense, 59
Arx, 85
Athens, Acropolis, probable origin of the gold found here by Herodes Atticus, 289
Atrium sutorium, 275
Atticus, Herodes, bibliography, 288 n. his father's discovery of riches, 288 his liberality and public spirit, 289 the buildings erected in memory of his wife, 290
Atticus, Pomponius, house of, 191
Atys, 27
Augustea, 173
Augustine, S., his pupil Licentius, 14 on eating and drinking in honor of martyrs, 43 on the celebration of S. Peter's day, 44
Augustus, Emperor, strenæ calendariæ offered to, 34 offerings in the temple of Concord, 54 his house, 71 n. celebrates the Secular games, 79 dedicates an altar to Peace on the Campus Martius, 82 death and funeral, 168 resolutions in the senate, 169 mausoleum, 172 his Res gestæ, 172 his army, 174 his liberalities, 175 public improvements in his time, 176 his mausoleum destroyed, 179 other members of the imperial family buried here, 182
Banqueting-halls, 42
Basilica, origin of its plan in that of the private house, 114 (cut) its form derived from the schola, 118
---- of Constantine, 162 Julia, 163 of Junius Bassus, 28 of Nereus, Achilleus and Petronilla, 338 (cut)
Bassus, Junius, basilica of, 28
Bassus, Pomponius, 192
Baths, in connection with Christian churches, 37 of Diocletian, 38, 48, 74
Bayazid, his gift of the holy lance, 243
Beatrindex, martyr, 333 the name corrupted from Viatrindex, 334 (cut)
Belloni, Paolo, 151
Benedict VII., Pope, tomb, 234
Benedict XII., Pope, 138
Benedict XIV., Pope, 37
Bernini, influence of his school, 250
Bidentalia, 106
Biga, in the Vatican, 27
Bologna, monumental crosses, 35
Boniface I., Pope, 319
Bonifatius, origin of the name, 344
Bosio, Ant., investigator of the Catacombs, 329
Bovillæ, altar to Vedjovis, 68
Bridge of Caligula, 101
Brattius Præsens, 10
Burial, rights of, accorded the Christians, 119 more common than cremation in prehistoric times, 253 early burial in the trunks of trees, 254 clay coffins in the same form, 254 difficulties encountered by the Christians, 308 within the city walls, 325
Burial companies, 258
Byzantine princes, their images in Rome, 162
Cæcilia, S., her tomb discovered by Pope Paschal I., 326
Cæpio, Aulus Crispinius, his tomb, 267
Cæsar, Caius, beloved by Augustus, 184
Cæsar, Julius, his offerings in the temple of Concord, 54
Caffarella, Valle della, 286
Calda, 357
Caligarii, 274
Caligula, his bridge, so-called, 101 places his mother's ashes in the mausoleum, 184
Callindextus, death, 220
----, Catacombs of. See Catacombs
Calpurnii, their tomb, 276 their history, 277
Cambyses, conquest of Egypt, 94
Camillus, capture of Veii, 64
Campagna, 286 (plate)
Campo dell' Augusta, 179
Campus Esquilinus, 256
Campus Martius, 74 early excavations in, 98
Candelabrum, in church of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, 26 (cut) in Church of S. Paolo, 239 (cut)
Canevari, Ant., 159
Canova, his tomb of Clement XIII., 250
Capitoline games, 281
Capitoline Hill, 85 the western summit, 86 (plate)
Capitoline museum, 15, 42, 59, 70, 93, 106, 190, 255, 290 n. See, also, dei Conservatori, under Palaces
Capitolium. See Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
Caracalla, 12
Carrhæ, 355
Carthage, excitement against the Christians in, 318
Castel S. Angelo, 234
Catacombs. Crypt of the Acilii Glabriones, 4 its devastation in the 17th cent., 8 burial of Christian martyrs, 119 injury occasioned by the building of churches over the tombs of martyrs, 122 preferred by the early Christians to open-air cemeteries, 308 their development in the 2d century, 317 the names given them, 317 their secret entrances, 318 not habitable, 319 their extent, 319 compared to the tombs of the kings at Thebes, 321 their use declined in the 4th century, 321 pillaged by the Goths, 324 restored by Pope Vigilius, 325 unmentioned by later Church annals, 327 discovered in 1578, 328 their wholesale pillage, 329 the treasures found in them, 331 the number of the Catacombs, 332
---- of Callindextus, 50, 117, 216, 219, 339 ---- ad Catacumbas or of S. Sebastiano, 345 the bodies of SS. Peter and Paul concealed here, 346 ---- of Cyriaca, 350 ---- of Domitilla, 335 the Flavian crypt, 316 (cut), 330, 336 the basilica of Nereus and Achilleus, 338 the tomb of Ampliatus, 342 ---- ad Duas Lauros, or of SS. Peter and Marcellinus, 354 a fresco of the Saviour with SS. Paul and Peter, 356 relics of Renaissance humanists, 358 ---- of Generosa, 332 ---- of Pontianus, 221 ---- of Prætextatus, the cubiculum of S. Januarius, 322 (cut) ---- of Priscilla (map), 7, 23, 42, 111, 221 ---- of the Via Salaria, 285.
Catacumba, derivation of the word, 345
Caves for burial on the Viminal and Esquiline, 255
Ceadwalla, King, baptism and death, 231 tomb, 232
Celibacy discouraged, 80
Cellæ, 42
Cellini, Benvenuto, the cause of his imprisonment, 247
Cemeteries, pagan, 253-305 prehistoric cemeteries of the Viminal and the Esquiline, 254, 255 extensive cemeteries along the high roads, 260 on the Via Aurelia, 262 on the Via Triumphalis, 270 on the Via Salaria, 275 buried under twenty-five feet of earth, 284 on the Via Appia, 286 Christian cemeteries, 306-361 under the authority of the pontiffs, 307 underground cemeteries preferred by the early Christians, 308 their use revives after Constantine, 321, 323 at Concordia Sagittaria, 323, 324 (plate) suburban cemeteries abandoned on account of insecurity, 325 See also, Catacombs Columbaria Tombs Ustrinum
Chartres, cathedral, labyrinth, 31
Christ, type of the early representations of, 347, 348 (cut and plate) early traditions of his appearance, 349
Christian archæology, dates from the discovery of the Catacombs, 329
Christian art, adoption of pagan symbolism, 23
Christianity, early patrician converts in Rome, 2 attitude of the government toward, 11 evidence of the graffiti on, 12 difficulties and inconstancy of Christian converts, 14 mindexed marriages, 15 friendly relations between pagans and Christians, 16 military service under the Empire, 18 the gradual change under Constantine, 20 spread of Christianity under Gregory the Great, 228 the persecutions under Nero and later emperors, 312 See also Church Churches Martyrs
Christians, at first identified with the Jews by the Romans, 310
Church, adoption of pagan rites and customs, 23 love-feasts, 42 public granaries, 44 flower festivals, 49 its simple origin, 109 adopted the institution of funeral colleges from the pagans, 117
Churches, objects of pagan art preserved in, 23, 26 pagan decorations not destroyed, 28 private contributions to the decoration of churches, 30 labyrinths in the pavements, 31 bathing accommodations, 37 sets of weights and measures in, 39, 41 the great number and variety of churches, 108 the names of churches, 109 private oratories, 109 the steps of the transition from private halls to regular churches, 114 the schola as a predecessor of the Christian church, 116 churches built over the tombs of martyrs and confessors, 119 frequently sunk in the ground, 120 those connected with the houses of confessors and martyrs, 158 those formed from pagan monuments, 160
Churches. S. Adriano, 48 S. Andrea, decorations, 28 (cut) S. Andrea del Noviziato, 83 S. Andrea al Quirinale, 84 S. Antonio, 30 S. Antonio all' Esquilino, 36 SS. Apostoli, 38 Aracœli, 85, 360 figures of Augustus and the Sibyl, 24 altar previously dedicated to Isis, 27 S. Biviana, 333 S. Cæcilia, kantharos in its court, 38, 39 (cut) bodies of martyrs transferred to it, 326 S. Cesareo, 36 S. Cesareus de Palatio, 162 Chapel of the Crucifindexion, 127 S. Clemente, fresco, 32 (plate) S. Cosimato in Trastevere, 38 SS. Cosma e Damiano, 28 (cut), 162 S. Croce in Gerusalemme, 234 S. Croce a Monte Mario, 166 Demetrias, 116 S. Felicitas, 221 S. Francesca Romana, discovery of the body of a girl, 299 S. Francesco a Ripa, 36 S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini, 81 S. Giovanni in Laterano, 109, 236 the cloisters as now restored, 238 (plate) SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 158 the tomb of Card. Luke, 159 the garden, 160 S. Hermes, 120 Lateran basilica, 109, S. Lorenzo in Lucina, 164 S. Lorenzo fuori le Mura, 32, 36, 121, 135 (cut), 221 sarcophagus of Licentius, 14 chapel of SS. Abundius and Irenæus, 41 the large number of tombs, 323, 350 S. Marcello, 180 S. Maria Antiqua, 3 S. Maria in Cosmedin, 32 S. Maria de Foro, 163 S. Maria Liberatrice, 92, 102 S. Maria Maggiore, 32, 36, 136 S. Maria Nova, 161 discovery of the body of a girl, 295 S. Maria della Pace, 25, 89 S. Maria del Popolo, 189 S. Maria de Porticù, 32 S. Maria in Trastevere, 27, 31, 330 ponderaria, 41 S. Martina, bas-relief, 30 (plate), 48 S. Martino, 38 S. Menna, 156 S. Michele in Borgo, 27 SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, 36 candelabrum, 26 (cut) S. Nicola in Carcere, 5 Oratorium Sanctæ Crucis, 163 a new chapel built in 1470, 166 S. Pancrazio, 36, 37 S. Paolo fuori le Mura, 27, 38 the plans of the original and later structures compared, 150 (plate) its size and plan limited by its position, 151 its destruction in 1823, 152 (cut) its exposed situation, 153 fortified by John VIII., 154 the quadri-portico, 155 the grave of S. Paul, 157 the portraits of the Popes, 210 a candelabrum, 239 (cut) the large number of tombs about it, 323 S. Paolo alle Tre Fontane, 156 mosaics, 25 (cut) S. Peter's, 25, 84, 103, 271 its early system of drainage, 121 the abundant literature of the subject, 122 plan of the old church, 128 (plate) Constantine's basilica, 132 plan of the graves of Peter and others, 132 (plate) the Colonna Santa, 133 the nave in 1588, 134 (cut), 146 (plate) the doors of the atrium, 134 the fountain in the atrium, 135, 136 (cut) the tomb of Otho II., 136 the doors of the church, 137 the interior and roof, 138 the triumphal arch, 139 the baptistery, 139 the chair of S. Peter, 140 (cut) the bronze statue of Peter, 141, 142 (cut) the destruction of the old church and its rebuilding, 143 Grimaldi's account of its progress, 145 the building of the dome, 146 (plate) statistics and measurements, 147 the illumination, 148 the body of S. Peter probably still here, 148 Constantine's cross seen in 1594, 149 the imperial mausoleum on its site, 200 (cut), 202 (plate) excavations in, in 15th and 16th centuries, 202, 203 atrium of the old church, 222 (cut) the tomb of Ceadwalla, 231 the Porticus Pontificum, 233 the tomb of Innocent VIII., 242 of Paul III., 245 panel from the bronze door, 272 (cut) S. Pietro in Montorio, 128 S. Prassede, bodies of martyrs transferred to it, 326 S. Prisca, 111 S. Pudentiana, 109, 112 restored in 1588, 113 SS. Quattro Coronati, 27 S. Saba, 32 S. Salvatore in Ærario, 163 Sancta Sanctorum chapel, portrait head of Jesus, 348 (cut) S. Sebastiano, 36 S. Sebastiano, in Pallara, 32 Sistine Chapel, 25 S. Stefano, 41, 178 S. Stefano del Cacco, 97 S. Stefano del Trullo, 99 S. Sylvester, 38 SS. Syxtus and Cæcilia, 118 S. Teodoro, altar, 27 S. Tommaso a' Cenci, 180 S. Urbano alla Caffarella, 32, 292, 294 (cut) S. Valentine, 164, 327 the tombs in its cemetery, 323
Ciborio della santa lancia, 243
Cippus of Agrippina the Elder, 184 (cut)
Circus of Nero and Caligula, 127
Clemens, Flavius, martyr, 3, 6, 7
Clement VIII., 150
Clement index., 37
Clement XI., 48
Clement XIII., 48 his tomb by Canova, 249, 250 (plate) and the suppression of the Jesuits, 252
Clivus Rutarius, 270
Cocumelle, 172
Coliseum, Christian churches on the site of, 161
Colonnas, banished from Rome, 179
Columbaria, 256 the cost of loculi, 257 the three kinds of columbaria, 257 that on the Via Latina owned by shareholders, 258 the loculi drawn by lot, 259 interior, 260 (plate)
Columbus, Christopher, birthplace of, 245 n.
Column of Antoninus, bas-reliefs, 170, 171 (cuts)
Commodus, 313
Concordia Sagittaria, its cemetery, 323
Constantia, S., her mausoleum, 199
Constantine, Emperor, 50 date of his profession of Christianity, 21 relation to his pagan subjects, 22 builds a basilica over the tomb of Peter, 132 his cross on S. Peter's tomb seen in 1594, 149 the memorial chapel of his victory over Maxentius, 163 the battle (front.) statue of, 164 (cut) discovery of his sarcophagus in 1458, 202 the edict of Milan, 314
Consul suffectus, 10 n.
Convent of the Visitation, 71 n.
Cornelii, their family vaults, 218
Cornelius, Pope, his tomb, 215 (cut), 218 (plate) portrait, 219 (cut)
Cortile di S. Damaso, 121
Crassus Frugi, M. Licinius, 277
Cremation, introduced in the 5th century of Rome, 255 the ustrinum on the Appian Way, 256
Crescentius de Theodora, 234
Crispina, Bruttia, Empress, 10
Cross of Henry IV. of France, 36
Crosses, monumental, 35
Crows, a platform dedicated to, 268
Cups, 43
Cybele, 27
Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, 217
Cyril, S., fresco showing the translation of his remains, 32 (plate)
Damasus, Pope, 139, 217, 219 his aqueduct, 121 built an oratory to the memory of Simplicius and Faustinus, 333
Decursiones, 171
Demetrius, 116
Dentists, inscriptions from the tombs of, 353 (cuts)
Destruction of Roman monuments in the Middle Ages, 8, 53, 66, 87, 90, 98, 103, 113, 136, 137, 143, 155, 156, 177, 182, 185, 195, 202, 233, 237, 256, 269, 286, 301, 320, 324, 329
Diocletian, persecution of the Christians, 314
Diplomata, 91
Discoveries. See Excavations and discoveries
Doll, found in the sarcophagus of Crepereia Tryphæna, 305
Domitian, 5, 6, 281 dedicates the Ara Incendii Neroniani, 84 his birthplace, 193 his death, 193
Domitilla Flavia, 10 her villa, 335 the catacombs on her estate, 336 her family and relationship, 337
Domitillæ, 3
Donatists, 21
Donnus I., Pope, 271
Drinking cups, 43
Egeria, grotto of, 293
Egyptian art, specimens found near the Iseum, 92 its influence in Rome, 239
Elagabalus, included Christ among the other gods, 13 his extravagances, 131
Episcopus, a municipal officer, 12
Epitaphs, 261, 262 on the tombs of the Popes in S. Peter's, 222 on Pope Sylvester II., 237 imprecations expressed in, 262, 317 of Pompeius Magnus Crassi f., 279 of Q. Sulpicius Maximus, 282 of Julia Prisca, 300 of a pilgrim from Thrace, 328 of Aurelius Theophilus, 355
Eugenius IV., Pope, 92, 138
Eupor, Fabius, 310
Excavations and discoveries, in the Campus Martius, 98 in 1374, obelisk of the Piazza della Rotonda, 92 in 1435, Egyptian lions, 92 in 1440, figure of a river-god, 93 in 1458, sarcophagus of Constantine, 202 cir. 1480, temple of Hercules, 69: in 1485, the long-buried body of a woman near the Casale Rotondo, 295, 298 (cut) in 1519, in S. Peter's, 202 in 1527, the mausoleum of Augustus, 182 in 1544, the tomb of Maria in S. Peter's, 203 in 1546, the Baths of Caracalla, 249 in 1549, the temple of Augustus, 103 in 1554, the Ara Pacis Augustæ, 82 in 1556, statue of Oceanus, 93 in 1555, house of Pomponius Atticus, 191 in 1578, in the Catacombs, 328 in 1588, fragments of a Laocoön under S. Pudentiana, 113 in 1594, the grave of S. Peter, 150 in 1599, on the Via Latina, 258 in 1614-16, in S. Peter's, 129 in 1660, on the site of the Villa Pamfili-Doria, 269 in 1695-1741, in the Naro vineyard, 276 in 1713-17, in the Catacombs, 330 in 1719, an Isiac altar, 93 Egyptian antiquities, 96 in 1776, near church of S. Prisca, 111 in 1777, the ustrinum under the Corso, 182 in 1780, remains of the temple of Jupiter Maximus, 89 in 1793, in the Via di S. Lucia in Selci, 206 in 1810, silver near Civita Castellana, 207 in 1817, the temple of Concord, 53 in 1817-22, remains of the villa Amaranthiana, by the Duchess of Chablais, 335 in 1820, altar of Aius Locutius, 71 in 1821, at Parma, 207 in 1849-52, near the Appian Way, 215 in 1851, the fresco of the Saviour in the Catacomb ad Duas Lauros, 356 in 1858, Egyptian sculptures, 93 in 1859, the Ara Pacis Augustæ, 82 five capitals in the Via di S. Ignazio, 93 in 1862, sarcophagus of Licentius, 14 temple of Hercules, 59 in 1864, a schola of the citizens of Serræ, 41 in 1867, foundations of a memorial chapel to S. Paul, 156 in the cemetery of Callindextus, 318 in the cemetery of Generosa, 332 in 1869, the altar of Roma Quadrata, 71 in 1871, inventory of gifts in the temple of Diana Nemorensis, 54 in 1875, temple of Jupiter Maximus, 85 coins of Nero, under the abbey of the Tre Fontane, 157 in 1876, favissæ of the temple of Hercules, 59 in 1877, coins at Belinzago, 208 in 1878, remains of the temple of Neptune, 99 in 1879, fragments of a bedstead (?) on the Esquiline, 208 in 1880-82, in the Catacombs ad Duas Lauros, 354 in 1881, shrine of Semo Sancus, 105 in the catacombs of Domitilla, 342 in 1883, mensæ ponderariæ, at Tivoli, 40 Egyptian remains from the temple of Isis, 92, 94 in 1884, house of Vegetus, 192 in the Via di Porta Salaria, 276 in 1885, temple of Diana Nemorensis, by Lord Savile, 59 in the Villa Bertone, 283 in 1886, a stonecutter's house, under the Palazzo della Banca Naz., 240 in 1886-87, altar of Dis and Proserpina, 75 in 1887, on the Corso d' Italia, 276 in 1888, crypt of the Acilii Glabriones, 4, 8 in 1889, ex-votos at Veii, by the Empress of Brazil, 65 under the new Halls of Justice, 301 in 1890, inscriptions describing the Secular games, 73
Exedræ, 42
Ex-votos, found on the sites of temples, 58 anatomical specimens, 62 shops for the sale of, 62 deposits found near the Tiber, 62
Faliscan Museum, 354
Farnesina gardens, house discovered in, 263, 264 (plate)
Favissæ, 58
Flavians, the members of the family who became Christians, 337 their crypt in the Catacombs of Domitilla, 316 (cut), 330, 336
Flowers, feasts of, in ancient times, 49
Fortunatus, S., 360
Forum Julium, 54 Romanum, Caligula's bridge, 101 Olitorium, 5 Trajanum, the earth taken from it placed over the cemetery of the Via Salaria, 284
Foundation of a city, ceremonies of, 70
Fountain, in the atrium of S. Peter's, 135, 136 (cut) in front of S. Paolo, 155
Frescos. See Paintings
Funeral ceremonies and memorial feasts, 117, 171. See also Burial
Funerary banquets, 42
Funeraticia collegia, 116
Furnilla, Marcia, wife of Titus, 207 statue (plate)
Gauls, their invasion foretold by a mysterious voice, 72
Genesius, S., 360
Germano, Padre, 158
Geta, remains of his mausoleum, 196 (cut)
Giardino delle Tre Pile, 101
Glabrio, Manius Acilius, consul a. d 91, 5 his martyrdom, 6
Glabriones, Acilii, discovery of their burial place, 4 history of the family, 5
Gods, the name and sex of those little known, seldom mentioned, 72
Goths, their pillage of the Catacombs, 324
Græcina, Pomponia, a Christian convert, 9
Graffiti, evidence on the position of the church, 12 in the catacombs, 42, 219, 327, 356
Granaries, 44 belonging to the church, 46 the grain sold by Pope Sabinianus, 47 the institution long survived, 48 the granary at Ostia, 47 (cut)
Great litany, 165
Greek language used by the church, 216
Gregorian chant, 229
Gregorovius, Ferdinand, 213
Gregory I. (the Great), 47 his tomb, 221, 223 statue of, 225 (cut) his work, 228 the monastery founded by him, 229, 230 in the basilica of Nereus and Achilleus, 345
Gregory XIII., Pope, 48
Grimaldi, 122
Hadrian, Emperor, 49, 99 attitude toward Christianity, 11
Hadrian's Mole, and apartments built by Paul III., 247
Hair, restoration of, ascribed to Minerva, 63
Haran, or Charan, 355
Helena, tomb of, 197 (cut), 198 (plate)
Henry IV. of France, column of, 36
Hercules, 104 labors of, 25 bronze statue of, 69
Hermes Trismegistos, 25
Hermione, Claudia, her tomb, 129
Herod, King, profaned the tomb of David, 205
Herodes Atticus. See Atticus
Hierones, 67
Hippolytus, statue of, 141, 143 (cut)
Hispellum, temple dedicated to Constantine, 22
Honorius I., Pope, 137
Horace, the Carmen Sæculare, 78, 81
Horrea publica, 44 advertisement for leasing and regulations for use found, 45
House of a patrician, discovered in the Farnesina gardens, 263 (cut)
Improvvisatori, 281, 283
Innocent VIII., Pope, his tomb, 145, 242 (plate)
Inscription, to Acilius Glabrio (cut), 4 to Pomponius, 9 found near Porta del Popolo in 1877, 15 (cut) to M. Anneus Paulus Petrus, 16 (cut) to Publia Ælia Proba, 19 to Petro Lilluti Paulo, 18 n. on arch of Constantine, 20 on the pyramid of Louis XIV., 36 on the column of Henry IV., 37 n. in baths of the churches of SS. Sylvester and Martin, 38 in temple of Hercules Tivoli, 40 on pagan tombs relating to libations, 42 inventory of works of art in the temple of Diana Nemorensis, 55 tariff for sacrifices, 57 mentioning the Roma Quadrata, 71 altar of Aius Locutius, 72 to the Genius of Rome, 72 descriptive of the Ludi Sæculares, 73, 79 (text in appendindex) of the Ara Incendii Neroniani, 84 on the foundation walls of the temple of Jupiter, 88 pedestal of statue of Semo Sancus, 106 on the label of a dog's collar, 153 S. Paul's tombstone, 157 (cut) spurious inscriptions, 301 the immense number that have been lost, 320 military inscriptions, from the Prætorian camp, 351 See, also, Epitaphs Graffiti
Iseum. See Temple of Isis
Isis, altar to, in church of Aracœli, 27 statue of, 55
Italians, tolerant in matters of religion, 16
Januarius, S., his grave in the Catacombs, 322 (cut)
Jerome, S., on the celebration of S. Peter's day, 44
Jesuits, expelled from Portugal, Spain, and France, 251
Jews, position in the Roman Empire, 12 toleration enjoyed in Rome, 16, 309 responsible for the first Christian persecution, 311
Johannipolis, 153
John III., Pope, 38
John VIII., Pope, builds the defences of S. Paolo, 154 defeats the Saracens off Cape Circeo, 154
John X., Pope, death and burial, 235
Jubilee of 1350, 166
Julian the Apostate, 355
Jupiter, statue of, in Constantine, Algeria, 56
Labyrinths, in church pavements, 31
Lamps, ornamented with figure of the Good Shepherd, 18 (cut) found in the Catacombs, 218
Lance, Holy, story of, 243
Laocoön, fragments found under the church of S. Pudentiana, 113
Lateran museum, 141
Lateran palace, its early occupation by the Church, 21
Leo I. (the Great), 155 his tomb, 223
Leo IV., Pope, 137
Leo X., Pope, 93
Leto, Pomponio, his academy, 359
Licentius, a pupil of S. Augustine, his career, 14 his tomb discovered, 14
Licinianus, Calpurnius, 278
Licinii Calpurnii, their tomb, 276 their history, 277
Linus, the successor of Peter and Paul, 125 his tomb discovered, 130
Lipsanotheca, 166
Locanda della Gaiffa, 181
Loretto, Santa Casa, 25
Louis XIV., pyramid of, in Rome, 36
Love-feasts, 42
Lucca, Cathedral, 31
Lucina, a Christian matron, 9
Ludi sæculares. See Secular games
Ludi Tarentini, 75
Luke, cardinal, his tomb, 159
Mamertine prison, 163
Map of Rome, the author's, 163 n.
Marius, pillages the ruins of the Temple of Jupiter, 87
Mark, Pope, 50
Marriages, mindexed, in pagan Rome, 15 Tertullian on, 15
Martial, Valerius, house of, 192
Martyrs, early, 3 their alleged stupidity, 7 stones said to be tied to the necks of, 39, 41 love-feasts celebrated near their tombs, 42 their tombs decorated with flowers, 49 their burial and tombs, 119 scene of the first martyrdoms, 127 churches connected with their houses, 158 their tombs in the Catacombs, 322 their bodies translated from suburban cemeteries to the city, 325 bas-relief representing an execution, 339 (cut)
Mausolea. See Tombs
Mellini, Pietro and Mario, 166
Memoriæ, 42
Messalina, 277
Meta, its signification lost, 128
Meta di Borgo, 27
Michael, archangel, summits of hills consecrated to, 226 the statue on the mausoleum of Hadrian, 227, 228 (cut)
Michelangelo, his first design for S. Peter's, 146
Military inscriptions from the Prætorian camp, 351
Military service of Christians under the Roman Empire, 18
Minerva in Christian art, 25 honored as a restorer of hair, 63
Monastery of S. Alessio, 235 of S. Andrew, 229, 230 (cut)
Monte Mario, 165
Monte Testaccio, 181
Mosaics, in church of S. Paolo alle Tre Fontane, 25 in church of S. Andrea, 29 (cut) in church of S. Pudentiana, 113 in S. Peter's, 139
Mundus muliebris, 204
Museo delle Terme, 268
Museums. See Capitoline, Lateran, Vatican also dei Conservatori, under Palaces
Music, religious, school of, established by Gregory, 229
Naples, church of the Olivetans, 25
Nemi, the site of a temple of Diana, 60 (cut)
Neptunium. See Temple of Neptune, 99
Nereus and Achilleus, martyrs, 337
Nero, 127, 287 relation to Christianity, 11 deserted by the legions, 185 head of, 186 (cut) his flight and death, 187 his funeral, 189 his tomb, 189
Nerva, 177
Nicomachus Flavianus, attempt to restore paganism, 97
Oaths, 105
Obelisks, discovered in Rome, 92, 97, 172 of Rameses the Great, discovered in 1883, 95
Oils, 218
Oratories, private, of the early Christians, 109
Orientation of churches, 120, 152
Orpheus, in Christian art, 23 (cut)
Ossaria, 256
Ostia, imperial palace at, 25 granary at, 47 (cut)
Otho II., his tomb, 136
Pacuvius, 69
Pætus, Lucilius, tomb of, 283
Pagan rites and customs adopted by the Church, 23
Paintings, fresco in S. Clemente, translation of Cyril's remains, 32 (plate) in a patrician house in the Farnesina gardens, 263, 264 (plate), 265 (cut) in the Catacombs, discovered in 1714, 330 in the Villa Amaranthiana, 335 of the Saviour with SS. Paul and Peter in the Catacomb ad Duas Lauros, 356 of the story of Jonah and the Symbolic Supper, 356, 357 (cut) illustrations of the Gospel in the Catacombs, 358 battle between Constantine and Maxentius, frontispiece
Palaces: Albani del Drago, 30 Altieri, 101 Caffarelli, 85 dei Conservatori, 30, 53, 77, 100, 185 (see also Capitoline museum) Farnese, 100 Fiano, 82 Lateran (see Lateran) Maraini, 280 Moroni, 88 Odescalchi, 100
Pammachius, 158
Pantheon, 56
Parenzo, Dalmatia, basilica of, 30
Paschal I., Pope, 326
Passion-plays in Rome, 181
Paul, the apostle, his friendship with Seneca, 17 silver-gilt statue of, 26 proofs of his death in Rome, 123 position of his tomb, 151 place of his execution, 156 his grave and tombstone, 157 (cut) portrait head, 212 (cut) his liberty to preach in Rome, 311 his friend Ampliatus, 343 his body transferred temporarily to the Catacombs, 345
Paul, S., basilica of. See S. Paolo fuori le Mura, under Churches
Paul and Peter, names on a pagan tomb, 16
Paul III., tomb, 245 character, 246 his patronage of art, 247 his apartments on Hadrian's Mole, 247 and Cellini, 247 excavates the Baths of Caracalla, 249
Paul V., Pope, 48, 136, 144
Paulinus of Nola, 43 his epistles to Licentius, 14
Pavements, basilica of Parenzo, 30
Pavia, Church of S. Michele Maggiore, 31
Pelagius II., Pope, 121
Pentecost, celebration of, 50
Perpetua, Acts of, 49
Persecution under Claudius, 310 under Nero, 312 under later emperors, 313 under Diocletian, 314
Peter, S., celebration of the feast of, 43 his presence in Rome proved by documents, 123 by monumental evidence, 125 the exact place of his execution determined, 127 his tomb, 129 his chair, 140 (cut) the bronze statue, 141, 142 (cut) his body probably still under the altar in his church, 148 portrait head, 212 (cut) his body transferred temporarily to the Catacombs, 345
Peter and Paul, houses connected with their stay in Rome, 110, 112
Petronilla, 3, 200 her burial-place, 340 represented in a fresco, 341 (cut) not a daughter of S. Peter, 342
Phaon, Nero's flight to villa of, 186 remains of villa of, 188 (map)
Philip the Arab, Emperor, a Christian, 13
Philip the Younger, son of Philip the Arab, bust, 13 (cut)
Piacenza, church of S. Sevino, 31 votive tablet to Minerva found at, 63
Piazza di S. Maria Maggiore, 172, 182 di Santa Maria in Trastevere, 220 della Minerva, 95, 97 del Pantheon, 95 di Pietra, 99 del Quirinale, 172 della Rotonda, 92, 97 della Stazione, 97 di Termini, 48
Pilate, house of, 180
Pincian Hill, palace of the Acilii Glabriones, 5
Piso Frugi Licinianus, L. Calpurnius, 277
Platorinus, C. Sulpicius, his tomb, 265, 268 (plate)
Poetical contests on the Capitol, 282
Polla, Lucilia, tomb of, 283
Polla, Minasia, 267 (plate)
Pompeius Magnus, son of Licinius Crassus, 277 his epitaph, 279
Pomponius Lætus, 246 his academy, 359
Ponderaria, in churches, 39
Pons Vaticanus, 126
Ponte Nomentano, 187 (cut)
Pontius, Bishop, 167
Popes, their portraits in the basilicas of Rome, 209 their tombs, 213
Porta Sanqualis, 104
Portico of the Argonauts, 99 of church of S. Paolo, 156 of the Danaids, 71, 80
Poseidonion. See Temple of Neptune
Præsens, Bruttius, 10
"Preaching of Peter," 124
Priscilla, wife of Abascantus, tomb of, 300
Pudens, 110 his house, 112, 114 (cut), 115 (cut)
Pudens, L. Valerius, 282
Pyramids on the Via Triumphalis, 271
Quadragesima Sunday, 50
Quietus, Postumius, 9
Quindecemviri, call for the celebration of the Secular games, 75
Ravenna, church of S. Vitale, 31
Regilla, Annia, wife of Herodes Atticus, 290 her supposed tomb, 291 (cut)
Renaissance, the interest in archæology, 101
Renzo di Maitano, 32
Rhodismos, 49
Ricci, Lorenzo, 252
Rienzi, 155 his funeral pyre, 179 his birthplace, 180
Robigalia, 165
Roma Quadrata, 70
Rome, its transformation to a Christian city, 1 early Christian buildings, 3 the freedom enjoyed by the church, 11 the change gradual, 19 evidences of it, 20 artistic feeling among the lower classes, 32 substitution of chapels and shrines for the aræ compitales, 33 monumental crosses, 35 warehouses, 44 the calamities of the year 605, 46 pagan shrines and temples, 51 capture by the Gauls, b. c 390, 73 the conflagration under Nero, 83 occupation by the Saracens in 846, 149 the author's archæological map of, 163 n. population under Augustus, 175 public improvements in his time, 176 the city in the time of Gregory the Great, 226 the charming surroundings of the city, 286 the invasions of the Goths in the 5th and 6th centuries, 324 the itineraries of pilgrims, 327
Rosaria, 48
Rosationes, 49
Rose, symbolism of, 49 the golden rose of Quadragesima Sunday, 50
Rossi, De, discovers the crypt of the Acilii Glabriones, 4 discovers tomb of Cornelius, 215 discovers a fresco in the Catacomb ad Duas Lauros, 356
Rousalia, 49
Rues de Jerusalem, 31
Rusalky, 49
Rusticus, Junius, 40
Sabinianus, Pope, sold the grain in the church's granaries, 47
Sabinus, Flavius, 337
Sacellum Sanci, 104
Sacrifices, right to perform, granted to civilians, 57 tariff for, 57
Saint-Omer, church at, labyrinth, 31
Sallust, gardens of, 276
Sancus, worship of, 104
Sannazzaro, tomb of, 25
Saracens in Rome, in 846, 149 defeated off Cape Circeo, by John VIII., 154
Sarcophagi of the Calpurnii, 279, 280 (cut) from the cemetery of Cyriaca, 352
Sarcophagus, of the empress Helena, 198 (plate) of S. Constantia, 198
Saturus, martyr, 49
Scholæ, 42, 116 that of the citizens of Serræ, 41 that above the Catacombs of Callindextus, 117, 118 (plan) transformation of the schola to the church, 118
Scirtus, charioteer, 260
Seasons, the four, in Christian art, 25
Secular games, the inscription describing them found in 1890, 73 (cut) origin of the games, 74 their celebration under Augustus, 78-82
Semo Sancus, worship of, 104 statue, 105 (cut)
Senate, resolutions relating to the Secular games, 80
Senate house, 163
Seneca, his friendship for Paul, 17
Septimius Severus, 12
Sergius II., Pope, 149
Serræ, citizens of, their banqueting-hall, 41
Severus Alexander, relation to Christianity 11, 13
Shoemakers, 274
Shrines, in Rome, 33 of Semo Sancus, 104 See also Altars
Sibyls in Christian art, 24
Siena, Duomo, 25, 32
Silvio Antoniano, an improvvisatore, 283
Simon the Magician, confused with Semo Sancus, 104, 161
Simplicius and Faustinus, martyrs, 332 their bodies translated to S. Biviana, 333
Siricius, Pope, 112, 152
Sindextus II., Pope, 117
Sindextus V., Pope, the dome of St. Peter's, 146
Skeletons found in tombs, 273, 286
Solomon, Judgment of, represented in a Roman tomb, 270, 271 (cut)
Sponges, found in tombs, 303 n.
Statues, their immense number in ancient Rome, 52 those of gods commonly loaded with ornaments, 55 Egyptian statues, found in Rome, 93
---- to Acilius Glabrio, 5 of Antinous, 240, 241 (cut) of Constantine, 164 (cut) of Gregory the Great, 225 (cut) of Hercules, 69 of Hippolytus, 141, 143 (cut) of Isis, 55 of Jupiter, 56 of Marcia Furnilla, 267 of S. Paul, 26 of S. Peter, 141, 142 (cut) of Semo Sancus, 105 (cut) the sphinx of Amasis, 94 (cut) of Tiberius, 268 of Vortumnus, 104
Stephen III., Pope, 48
Street-shrines in Rome, 33
Streets (ancient): Alta Semita, 190, 191 (cut) Clivus Suburanus, 35 Vicus Apollinis, 82 Vicus Sobrius, 35 See also Via
Streets (modern): Bocca della Verità, 181 Borgo Nuovo, 271 Coronari, 35 Corso, 180, 182 Corso d' Italia, 276 Corso Vittorio Emanuele, 75, 78 Ferratella, 293 SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 229 S. Ignazio, 92, 94 S. Lucia in Selci, 35 Marmorata, 181 Minerva Medica, 62 Porta S. Paolo, 181 Quattro Cantoni, 35 Quirinale-Venti Settembre, 190 Salara, 181 Strada di Monte Mario, 127 Vigne Nuove, 188
Sublician bridge, 33
Sulla, reconstructed the Capitolium, 87 his body burned, 253
Sulpicius Maximus, Q., his tomb, 280, 282 (plate) his story, 281
Sutores, 274
Sylvester I., 221
Sylvester II., his tomb, 236
Symmachus, Pope, 37, 135
Syringes, 321
Tablinum, 114
Tabularium, 53
Tarpeian Rock, 89
Tempietto del Bramante, 128
Temples, standards of weights and measures kept in, 40, 51 the art treasures collected in them, 52 commonly ornamented with hangings, etc., 56 evidence obtained from their vaults or favissæ, 58 invariably turned into Christian churches, 160. of Æsculapius, 62 the stern of the ship, 61 (cut) of Antoninus and Faustina, 163 of Apollo, 56, 71 its treasures of art, 52 Augusteum at Aneyra, 173 of Augustus, 101, 163 its position determined, 102 plan and sketch, 103 (cut) of Bacchus (so called), 199 (cut) of Ceres and Faustina, 292, 294 (cut) of Claudius, 160 of Concord, 53 (cut), 163 of Diana, 70 of Diana Nemorensis, 59 an inventory of its works of art discovered, 54 of the God Rediculus, 291 (cut) of Health, 69 of Hercules, 69 of Hercules, near Porta S. Lorenzo, 59 of Isis and Serapis, 92 excavations in 1883, 96 history and extent of the temple, 96 its final destruction, 98 of Janus Quadrifrons, 163 of Juno, at Veii, 64 enormous number of ex-votos, 64, 67 excavations by Cardinal Chigi, 65 by the Empress of Brazil, 66 of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, 56, 80, 84 literature, 84 n. architecture of the old temple, 86 destroyed by fire, 86 its restorations, 87 its platform and foundation walls, 87, 88 (cut) plan, 86 (plate) early notices of its remains, 89 plundered by the Vandals, 90 represented in pictorial reliefs, 90 (plate) public acts, etc., posted here, 91 of Jupiter Tonans, 80 of Malakbelos, 57 of Minerva Medica, 62 of Neptune, 99, 161 its bas-reliefs, 100 (cut) of Peace, 56 of Piety, 5 Sacræ Urbis, 28 (cut), 162 of the Sibyl at Tivoli, 161 of Venus, 161 of Venus and Rome, 56
Terebinth of Nero, 27
Terentum, the pool, 74
Thebes, the tombs of the kings, 321
Theresa, Empress of Brazil, excavations at Veii, 65, 66
Tiber, ex-votos probably to be found in, 62
Tiberius, Emp., 11, 96 statue, 268
Tiles of the roof of S. Peter's, 139
Tivoli, mensæ ponderariæ found at, 40 temple of the Sibyl, 161
Toilet-box, in the sarcophagus of Crepereia Tryphæna, 303
Tombs of Christians of high rank in Rome, 10 of Christian prætorians, 18 inscriptions on, 42, 261 the word meta applied to, 128 discovered in 1614-16, in the vicinity of S. Peter's, 129 occasion of their destruction, 131 in S. Peter's, 145 of Christian emperors, 196, 200 (cut) of the popes, 213 the pontifical crypt, 269 cost, 257 the immense number surrounding the city, 260 on the Via Aurelia, 262 near the Villa Pamfili-Doria, 269 on the Via Triumphalis, 270 on the Via Salaria, 275 their inviolability under Roman law, 307 the early Christian tombs not concealed, 315 See also, Burial Catacombs Cemeteries Sarcophagi
---- of Ampliatus, 342 of M. Anneus Paulus Petrus, 16 of Annia Regilla, 291 (cut) of Augustus, 172, 177, 179, 181 of Benedict VII., 234 of Ceadwalla, 232 of Claudia Ecloge, 190 of Clement XIII., 249, 250 (plate) of S. Constantia, 198, 199 (cut) of Pope Cornelius, 215 (cut), 218 (plate) of Crepereia Tryphæna, 302 (plate) of the Flavians, 190, 316 (cut), 338 of Geta, 196 (cut) of Gregory the Great, 221, 223 of Hadrian, 227, 228 (cut) of Helena, mother of Constantine, at Torre Pignattara, 197 (cut) of Helius, the shoemaker, 273, 274 (cut) of other shoemakers, 275 of the horse of Lucius Verus, 272 of Innocent VIII., 242 (plate) of Leo the Great, 223 of Licentius, 14 of the Licinii Calpurnii, 276 of Linus, 130 of Lucilia Polla, 283 its vicissitudes, 284 of Luke, card. of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 159 of Maria, wife of Honorius, 203 of Nero, 189 of kings Offa of Essex and Coenred of Mercia, 233 of Otho II., 136 of S. Paul, 157 of Paul III., 245, 246 (plate) of S. Peter, 129 of Sannazzaro, 25 of Q. Sulpicius Maximus, 280, 282 (plate) of Sulpicius Platorinus, 265, 268 (plate) of Silvester II., 236 of Urban VI., 146
Torre Marancia, 335
Torre Pignattara, 197 (cut)
Totila, siege of, a. d. 546, 46
Trajan, instructions in regard to the persecution of Christians, 313
Triopium, 290
Tryphæna, Crepereia, her tomb discovered in 1889, 302 objects found in the sarcophagus, 303
Tubilustrium, 275
Tulliola, daughter of Cicero, 300 (plate)
Tusculum, Roman expedition against, 177
Urania, daughter of Herodes Atticus, 9
Urban VI., Pope, desecration of his tomb, 146
Urbino, Sphæristerion, 97
Urns, cinerary, 266
Ustrinum of the imperial family, 170 unearthed in 1777, 182 cippi in, 184 on the Appian Way, 255
Val d' Inferno, 287
Valle della Caffarella, 286
Valle dei Morti, 178
Vases, found in the tomb of Maria, 205
Vassalectus, an inscription of, 238 (cut) candelabrum and other works, 239 (cut)
Vatican district, its early topography, 127
Vatican museum, 26, 93, 105, 106, 182, 185, 198
Vedjovis, shrine of, 85
Vegetus, Valerius, house of, 192
Veii, its capture by Camillus, 64 site of a temple of Juno, 65 (cut)
Verus, Lucius, tomb of his horse, 272
Vestal virgins, 33, 81
Via Appia, 172, 215 its tombs, 286 (plate) the body of a girl discovered in 1485, 295, 298 (cut) ---- Ardeatina, 315 ---- Aurelia, tombs on, 262 ---- Clodia, 127 ---- Cornelia, 127, 128 ---- Labicana, 172, 354 ---- Latina, 116, 178 ---- Merulana, 62 Nomentana, 188, 197 ---- Ostiensis, 150, 151 ---- Sacra, 82, 161 ---- Salaria, 4 (map), 7, 172, 221 tombs on, 275 ---- Triumphalis, 127 tombs on, 270
Via Dolorosa of Jerusalem, imitated at Rome, 181
Viatrindex, S., 334 (cut)
Victor, S., Pomponio's academy placed under his patronage, 359
Vigilius, Pope, 46 repaired the damages done by the Goths in the Catacombs, 325
Vigna Barberini, 162
Vigne Nuove, 287
Villa Amaranthiana, 335 Aniciana, 116 Fonseca, 293 Madama, 165 Mattei von Hoffman, 92, 97, 293 Medici, 83, 89 Pamfili-Doria, 269 di Papa Giulio, 254 of Phaon, 188 (map)
Virgin, immagine di Ponte, 35
Volesus, founds the Ludi Tarentini, 74
Volkanalia, 84
Vortumnus, 104
Votive head, to Minerva, 63 (cut)
Votive offerings. See Ex-votos
Warehouses, 44
Wedding presents, of Maria, wife of Honorius, 204 of Projecta, wife of Turcius Asterius Secundus, 206
Wilpert, Joseph, his skill in tracing old paintings, 358 Xerxes and the battle of Salamis, 289