GLOSSARY DEFINITIONS OF TERMS AND WORDS APPLIED TO OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING AND CUTTING

Acetone. A liquid which is capable of absorbing twenty-five times its volume of acetylene gas under normal temperature and pressure. Employed as a solvent in the acetylene cylinder.

Acetylene. An inflammable gas used for welding and cutting.

Acetylene Cylinder. A steel tank filled with porous material and acetone, in which acetylene gas is stored.

Adapter. A brass fitting used to connect regulators to different cylinders.

Alignment. State of being in line.

Alloy. Metal which is added to another metal. A mixture of two or more entirely different metals.

Angle Iron. A steel bar, the cross-section of which forms an angle of 90 degrees.

Asbestos. A fibrous material not affected by fire. Usually supplied in sheets or shredded.

Autogenous Welding. The process of uniting two pieces of metal together by fusing without additional metal being added, and without the aid of hammering.

Babbitted. Lined with Babbitt metal. Generally found in bearings.

Back Fire. The popping out of the torch flame, due to a slight explosion of the mixed gas between the torch tip and the mixing chamber.

Bearing. Support or wearing surface for a revolving shaft.

Bevel. To cut or form at an angle.

Beveled Edge. An edge cut or formed at an angle.

Blowhole. A hole or cavity formed by trapped gas in metal.

Blowpipe. A torch which mixes and burns gases producing high-temperature flames. The term TORCH is given preference in oxy-acetylene welding and cutting.

Brazing. Uniting metals with brass or bronze by means of heat.

Brazing Wire. A filler-rod of brass or bronze used in brazing.

Butt Joint. A joint made by butting two edges together.

Cap. A metal cover used to protect cylinder valves.

Carbon Blocks. Carbon in block form. Used to assist in building up parts that are to be added. They may be ground to any shape desired.

Carbon Rods. Carbon in rod form. Employed to save holes around which the metal is melted.

Carbonizing Flame. A flame with an excess of acetylene gas.

Contraction. The shrinkage of metal due to cooling.

Cross-bar. Hand screw for adjusting the passage of gas through the regulator.

Cutting Jet. Central jet of oxygen issuing from tip of cutting torch.

Cutting Torch. A torch with one or more heating jets and an oxygen jet, used for cutting metals in the oxy-acetylene process.

Cylinder. A tank containing gas under pressure.

Ductile. That property which permits metal being formed or drawn into different shapes without breaking.

Expansion. Increase in size due to heating.

Filler-rod. A rod or wire used to supply additional metal to the weld.

Fillet Weld. A weld made in a corner.

Flame Propagation. The rate at which a flame will travel.

Flash Back. The burning back of the gases to the mixing chamber or possibly farther.

Flux. Chemical powder used to dissolve the oxides and clean the metal when welding.

Gas. Erroneously applied to acetylene gas alone. Both oxygen and acetylene are in the form of gas.

Gauge. An instrument for measuring pressures of gases.

Generator. A device for manufacturing gas. Usually specified as acetylene generator or oxygen generator.

Grain. The arrangement of the molecules or crystals which make up a metal.

Horizontal Welding. Welding in a level position.

I-beam. A steel bar with the cross-section of an I. Sometimes called EYE BEAM.

Line. Hose or pipe carrying gas.

Manifold. A header with outlets or branches by which several cylinders of gas may be used in batteries.

Monel Metal. An alloy of copper and nickel.

Nipple. A short piece of pipe.

Overhead Welding. Welding with the torch overhead.

Oxidation. A combination with oxygen.

Oxide. A coating or scale formed by oxygen combining with metal.

Oxidizing Flame. A flame with an excess of oxygen gas.

Oxygen. A non-inflammable gas used in oxy-acetylene welding and cutting.

Oxygen Cylinder. A steel tank for storing and shipping oxygen. Available for commercial work in 100, 200, and 250 cubic-foot sizes. The oxygen is compressed as free gas to 1800 pounds pressure at 68 degrees Fahrenheit.

Peening. Stretching the surface of cold metal by use of the hammer.

Penetration. A thorough welding completely through the joint of the pieces or parts being fused.

Preheating. The heating of a metal part previous to welding. Generally used to prevent strains or distortion from contraction and expansion; also to save gas.

Pool. A small body of molten metal formed by the torch flame.

Puddle Stick. A steel rod flattened at one end, used to break up oxides, remove dirt and build up additional metal. Particularly helpful in welding cast aluminum.

Puddling. The manipulation of the filler-rod or the puddle-stick in such a manner as to break up oxides, remove dirt, and aid in securing a good fusion of the metal.

Reducing Flame. (See Carbonizing Flame.)

Reducing Valve. (See Regulator.)

Regulator. A device for reducing and maintaining a uniform pressure of gas from cylinders, generators or shop lines.

Scale. A coating of oxide on fused iron or steel that breaks off as the metal cools.

Scaling Powder. A name given flux.

Slag. The oxidized metal and scale blown out when cutting.

Soldering. Uniting metals by fusing with a different metal which has a much lower melting-point than the pieces to be joined. The use of a lead, tin and zinc alloy is called soft soldering. Hard soldering is similar to brazing.

Tacking. Fusing pieces together at one or more places.

Tip. A copper or brass nozzle for a welding or cutting torch.

V. Angle or groove between two beveled edges prepared for welding.

V-block. Block cut out in the shape of a V, or angle iron, used in lining up shafts.

Valve. A device for shutting off the passage of gas.

Vertical Welding. Welding as applied to an upright position.

Welding Rod. Material used to supply additional metal to the weld. (See Filler-rod.)