APPENDIX.
Reading edition
APPENDIX A. General List of Plants collected in Tour from Tangier to Fez by Miss Drummond Hay, 1880.
By J. Ball, Esq., F.R.S.
Note.—Species not hitherto published as Moroccan marked * (12 in number).
Ranunculus aquatilis, L. 10 miles south of Tangier.
R. chærophyllus, L. var. flabellatus. 20 miles south of Tangier.
R. palustris, L. var. macrophyllus. Between Azîla and Fez.
R. trilobus, Desf. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Nigella arvensis, L. var. North of Fez.
Delphinium pentagynum, Lam. Oued el Mikkès.
Papaver Rhœas, L. North of Fez.
Malcolmia lacera, DC. var. patula, Ball. Oued el Mikkès.
*Moricandia arvensis, DC. North of Fez.
Brassica —— ? 10 miles south of Tangier.
—— or Diplotaxis ? 10 miles south of Tangier.
Carrichtera Vellæ, DC. North of Fez.
Capsella bursa pastoris, Moench. Dar ben Oder.
Biscutella apula, L. North of Fez—Oued el Mikkès.
Raphanus raphanistrum, L. 20 miles south of Tangier.
Capparis spinosa, L. North of Fez.
*Astrocarpus sesamoides, DC. Khanat (or Khan el) Habassi.
Reseda alba, L. var. ad R. propinquam vergens. Dar ben Oder.
R. media, Lag. ? 30 miles south of Tangier.
R. luteola, L. ? South of Azîla.
Cistus Monspeliensis, L. South of Azîla.
Helianthemum Libanotis, Willd. 20 miles south of Tangier.
H. guttatum, Mill. var. South of Azîla.
296Helianthemum guttatum, var. macrosepalum. 20 miles south of Tangier.
Fumaria glutinosa, Boiss. North of Fez.
Silene apetala, W. Khanat Habassi.
S. colorata, Poir. 30 miles south of Tangier.
Arenaria spathulata, Desf. South of Azîla—Khanat Habassi.
Spergula arvensis, L. 30 miles south of Tangier—Azîla.
Malope trifida, Cav. Dar ben Oder.
Lavatera cretica, L. 10 miles south of Tangier—Dar ben Oder.
Linum angustifolium, Huds. 20 miles south of Tangier.
Erodium cicutarium, L’Her. 10 miles south of Tangier—40 miles south of Tangier—Oued el Mikkès.
Ruta chalepensis, L. North of Fez.
Lupinus angustifolius, L. ? Oued el Mikkès.
L. luteus, L. 20 miles south of Tangier—Azîla.
L. hirsutus, L. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Cytisus ? North of Fez.
C. linifolius, L. Khanat Habassi.
Genista clavata, Poir. South of Azîla.
Ononis filicaulis, Salzm. Azîla.
O. Maweana, Ball, probably. Oued el Mikkès.
*O. psammophila Durien ined., most probably near O. Gibraltarica, but annual. Oued el Mikkès.
Melilotus sulcata, Desf. var. M. compactæ, Salzm. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Trifolium bracteatum, Schousb. North of Fez.
T. subterraneum, L. 10 miles south of Tangier—Khanat Habassi.
T. resupinatum, L. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Anthyllis tetraphylla, L. var. North of Fez. Dentibus calycinis longioribus.
Lotus hispidus, Desf. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Psoralea dentata, DC. North of Fez.
Astragalus hamosus, L. Azîla.
Scorpiurus—— ? North of Fez.
S. sulcata, L. ? 10 miles south of Tangier.
Ornithopus compressus, L. Khanat Habassi.
O. isthmocarpus, Coss. 30 miles south of Tangier.
297Ornithopus isthmocarpus, Coss. Azîla.
Idem —— Oued el Mikkès.
Hedysarum capitatum, Deaf. North of Fez.
Vicia sativa, L. Khanat Habassi.
V. lutea, L. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Lathyrus ochrus, DC. South of Azîla.
*Sedum cæruleum, Vahl. North of Fez.
Cotyledon umbilicus, Sm. var. horizontalis, Lowe. North of Fez.
Bryonia dioica, Jacq. South of Azîla.
Ecbalium elaterium, Rich. North of Fez.
Eryngium triquetrum, Vahl. in statu juniori ? Dar ben Oder.
Œnanthe forsan, Œ. globulosa, L. Oued el Mikkès.
Idem —— ? North of Fez.
Thapsia garganica, L. South of Azîla.
Sherardia arvensis, L. North of Fez.
Galium tricorne, With. South of Azîla.
Centranthus Calcitrapa, L. Duf. Oued el Mikkès—North of Fez.
Fedia cornucopiæ, DC. South of Azîla.
Asperula arvensis, L. Oued el Mahazin. South of Azîla.
Bellis sylvestris, Cyr. Azîla.
Phagnalon saxatile, Cass. North of Fez.
Inula ? deest inflorescentia. North of Fez.
Odontospermum aquaticum, Neck. North of Fez.
Anacyclus clavatus var. = A. tomentosus. Oued el Mikkès.
A. radiatus, Lois. Dar ben Oder.
Anthemis fuscata, Brot. ? 10 miles south of Tangier.
Chrysanthemum coronarium. Azîla.
Calendula ? 10 miles south of Tangier.
Calendula ? South of Azîla.
Calendula ? Oued el Mikkès.
Carduus myriacanthus, Salzm. ? North of Fez.
Galactitis tomentosa, DC. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Cynara humilis, L. {Khanat el Habassi. {Oued el Mikkès.
Centaurea ? North of Fez.
C. pullata, L. South of Azîla.
Centaurea (desunt fl. and fr.) and C. polyacantha ? W. South of Azîla.
298Cichorium Intybus, L. Khanat Habassi.
Rhagadiolus stellatus, W. South of Azîla.
Tolpis barbata, L. Oued el Mikkès.
Hypochæris radicata, L. var. Oued el Mikkès.
Tragopogon (desunt fl. and fr). South of Azîla.
Urospermum Dalechampii, Desf. {20 miles south of Tangier. {North of Fez.
Scorzonera undulata, Vahl. 20 miles south of Tangier.
Campanula Loeflingii, Brot. forma typica. Oued el Mikkès.
Campanulacea sine fl. and fr. ? Azîla.
Statice Thouinii, Viv. North of Fez.
S—— sinuata, L. North of Fez.
Armeria Gaditana, var. tingitana, Ball in Spic. Fl. Mar. 20 miles south of Tangier.
Anagallis linifolia, L. var. collina, Ball = A. collina, Schsb. forma latifolia. Khanat Habassi.
A. arvensis, L. var. latifolia {10 miles south of Tangier. {20 miles south of Tangier. {30 miles south of Tangier. {Dar ben Oder. {south of Azîla.
Erythræa Centaurium, Pers. var. suffruticosa. North of Fez.
Convolvulus undulatus, Cav. {Dar ben Oder. {Near Fez.
C. althæoides, L. {30 miles south of Tangier. {South of Azîla.
C. althæoides, L. var. integrifolia. Oued el Mikkès. Foliis etiam superioribus integris v. obscurè trilobatis.
C. althæoides, L. var. insignis. North of Fez. Fol. segm. linearia sericea.
Cuscuta an C. planiflora ? North of Fez.
*Triguera ambrosiaca {30 miles south of Tangier. {Khanat Habassi. {South of Azîla. {North of Fez.
Cynoglossum clandestinum, Desf. South of Azîla.
Idem —— ? South of Azîla.
Idem ? South of Azîla.
299Anchusa italica, L. South of Azîla.
Nonnea phaneranthera, Viv. 20 miles south of Tangier.
Echium plantagineum, L. 10 miles south of Tangier.
E. sericeum, Vahl. North of Fez.
Idem var. strigosum. North of Fez.
Echium ? North of Fez.
Cerinthe major, L. 40 miles south of Tangier.
Linaria latifolia, Desf. South of Azîla.
Idem. North of Fez.
L. viscosa, Dum. Khanat Habassi.
L. reticulata, Desf.? Oued el Mikkès.
*L. Drummondiae, Nob. North of Fez.
Inter L. reflexum et L. taxiflorum media, à priori caulibus induratis ramosis floribus multis minoribus primo intuitu diversa. A novissimâ pedicellis reflexis, fol. dilatatis, &c., differt. Seminibus reniform. muricatis à duobus suprà nominatis differt.
L. bipartita, W. Azîla.
Antirrhinum Orontium {North of Fez. {Oued el Mikkès.
Anarrhinum pedatum, Desf. Dar ben Oder.
Eufragia viscosa, Benth. North of Fez.
*Phelipœa Reut. Orobanche ramosa. B. and Hf. Dar ben Oder.
Orobanche fœtida, forma minor? Oued el Mikkès.
Lavandula Stœchas, L. 20 miles south of Fez.
L. multifida, L. North of Fez.
Salvia clandestina (S. Verbenaca, var. præcox) Lge. 30 miles south of Tangier.
S. bicolor, var. calyce minus diviso. Khanat Habassi.
*? Salvia ad § Plethiosphace referenda spec. dubia an nova? North of Fez.
Cleonia lusitanica, L. North of Fez.
Calamintha menthæfolia, Hort. var. bœtica Nob. 40 miles south of Tangier. C. Bœtica, B. and Reut.
Stachys? indeterminable. North of Fez.
Stachys arvensis, L. Oued el Mikkès.
Prasium majus, L. North of Fez.
Ajuga Iva, Schreb. 10 miles south of Tangier.
300Verbena supina, L. Dar ben Oder.
Plantago Psyllium, L. South of Azîla.
P. Coronopus, L. Azîla.
P. Coronopus? nisi fortè P. Loeflingii. 10 miles south of Tangier.
P. Coronopus, L.? forsan P. Loeflingii. Azîla.
P. serraria, L. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Corrigiola telephiifolia, Pourr. 30 miles south of Tangier.
Paronychia argentea, Sam. 20 miles south of Tangier.
Idem. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Idem. Khanat Habassi.
Loeflingia hispanica. Azîla.
Beta vulgaris, L. var. maritima, Moq. South of Azîla.
Emex spinosa, Campd. Dar ben Oder.
Rumex bucephalophorus, L. Azîla.
E. intermedius, DC. North of Fez.
R. thyrsoïdes, Desf. {40 miles south of Tangier. {10 miles south of Tangier.
Thymelæa virgata, Meisn. {Oued el Mikkès. {Dar ben Oder. {North of Fez.
Osyris lanceolata, Hochst and St. Azîla.
Aristolochia longa, L. North of Fez.
Mercurialis annua, L. {30 miles south of Tangier. {Oued el Mikkès.
Euphorbia pubescens, Vahl. North of Fez.
Orchis papilionacea, L. Oued el Mikkès.
O. tridentata, Scop. Oued el Mikkès.
*O. coriophora, L. Oued el Mikkès.
O. latifolia, L. var. Durandii, Ball = O. Durandii, Boiss, and Rent. Oued el Mikkès.
Serapias Lingua, L. North of Fez.
*S. longipetala, Ten. Fl. Nap. Prod. p. liii. (sub. Helleborine) videretis. Khanat Habassi.
S. cordigera, L. South of Azîla.
Ophrys apifera, Huds.? North of Fez.
Ophrys—spec. incertum forsan ad O. musciferam referendum.
*Gladiolus byzantinus, Gawl. 20 miles south of Tangier.
301Xyphion filifolium, Klatt?? Oued el Mikkès.
Idem, var. intermedium, Baker? South of Azîla.
Leucojum trichophyllum, Schousb. Oued el Mikkès.
*Narcissus pachybulbus, Dur.? (Baker).
Alisma Plantago, L. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Potamogeton natans, L. Oued el Mikkès.
Muscari comosum, Mill. South of Azîla.
Scilla hemisphærica, Boiss. South of Azîla.
Ornithogalum orthophyllum, Ten. 10 miles south of Tangier.
O. umbellatum ——?? spec. nimis incompletum. 30 miles south of Tangier.
O. umbellatum? ad speciem nullam mihi cognitam referendum. Oued el Mikkès.
O. unifolium, Gawl. Oued el Mikkès.
Dipcadi serotinum, Medi. var. D. fulvum, Webb. 40 miles south of Tangier.
Allium nigrum, L. Oued el Mikkès.
Anthericum Liliago, L. Sidi el Yemáni. 40 miles south of Tangier.
Simethis planifolia, Gre. and Godr. {20 miles south of Tangier. {Azîla.
Smilax aspera, L. Azîla.
Phalaris paradoxa, L. Dar ben Oder.
Airopsis minuta, Desv. 10 miles south of Tangier.
Poa aurea, L.? 10 miles south of Tangier.
Cynosurus aureus, 10 miles south of Tangier.
Festuca myurus, L. var. sciuroides. Oued el Mikkès.
F. myurus, L. var.? North of Fez.
Bromus mollis, L. var. leiostachys? Dar ben Oder.
This list contains 168 species, besides 18 uncertain or indeterminable.
(Sd.) J. Ball.
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APPENDIX B. TRANSLATION OF LETTER FROM KAÏD ALI TO LIEUT. HAYNES.
To our well-beloved, the excellent Chief, the distinguished Officer of the Royal Engineers.
After wishing you a complete salaam. There has reached us your letter, and with it a set of chess men, a present from you. May God bless you for it, and increase your welfare.
But we are in want of a good board which will be worthy of those beautiful chess men. When you arrive at London, send it to us.
May God bless you for it, and cause to continue your munificence.
Given 16 June 1297.
Ali Ben el Roshdi.
May God be with you.
APPENDIX C. DISEASES OF MAROCCO.
Fevers, smallpox, eye diseases of every kind seem to be the chief complaints, always excepting syphilis, which has a deeper hold on the people of this country than, I should think, on those of almost any other; but were the land sufficiently civilised for such action, a Contagious Diseases Act of some kind might still be the salvation of the people. The misguided opponents of such a measure at home could hardly in Christian charity refuse their countenance to it here, in face of the suffering and misery which absence of legislative restrictions has brought upon this country. The Moors have little or no shame in the matter, and ignore entirely the iniquity of propagating their species under such conditions. They, however, entirely exonerate themselves and their country from all responsibility or blame, declaring the disease was brought into Marocco by the Jews who were driven out of Spain by Ferdinand of Castile. Leo Africanus, however, after asserting that it was unknown in Africa before, explains that, on the return of these Jews, “cœperunt miseri quidam ac sceleratissimi Œthiopes cum illorum mulieribus habere commercium, ac sic tandem velut per 303manus pestis hæc per totam so sparsit regionem; ita ut vix sit familia, quæ ab hoc malo remansit libera. Id autem sibi firmissimè atque indubitatè persuaserunt, ex Hispaniâ ad illos transmigrasse, quamobrem et illi morbo ab Hispaniâ, malum Hispanicum (ne nomine destitueretur) indiderunt.”[91] Considering that such was the case in his day—400 years ago—it is wonderful that, with nothing worthy the name of treatment to arrest its progress (the best remedy, according to Leo, is change of air to Numidia or the Nigritarum regio!), the disease has not created more havoc even than it has.
APPENDIX D. EXTRACTS FROM MEMORANDA ON ARMY REFORM.
4. ... No official connected with army to enter into contracts for supplies, &c.
5. Draws up and recommends a system of schooling and training boys and soldiers, enabling latter after three years to return to their trades, provided efficient substitutes from school of boys be forthcoming.
7. Office of Commander-in-Chief, while held by a civilian, to be considered separate from Kaïd Maclean’s.
8. Points out the disadvantage of employing French infantry officers at Rabât, recommending at all events English words of command being adopted all through infantry.
APPENDIX E. SUBSTANCE OF REPORT ON SULTAN’S ’ASKÁR OR REGULAR INFANTRY.
1. ... The number of regiments inspected was fourteen. The total number of men, I should say, was 2000, besides 200 boys unfit to bear arms, and about 300 officers and supernumeraries.
2. The rifles—some of very ancient dates fitted with flint and steel—are, in their present condition, all unserviceable, except the304 Martini Henry, which seem in excellent order, but of which there were only sixty on parade. It is possible some of the American and other rifles of comparatively modern date might be put in repair by a competent armourer.
3. ... The clothing was of no particular pattern, and of inferior quality; the new clothing appears to be made of stuff which would stand very little wear and tear.
4. ... Only the English belts are serviceable.
5. The Moorish leather ammunition pouch seems good, but requires polish to preserve it from the weather. The foreign pouches, other than English, are unserviceable.
6. The Moorish leather bag would make a good haversack.
7. It was noticed that many men had no shoes, belts, bayonets, or frogs and scabbards for bayonets, and that the axe—the only tool carried by pioneers—was unserviceable.
RECOMMENDED.
a. Regiments to be numbered consecutively, and the numbers to be worked on their uniforms and colours.
b. Men to be forbidden to employ substitutes unless properly drilled and equipped.
c. That an annual course of musketry be established as soon as rifles capable of being fired are issued; it might be commenced with the sixty Martini-Henry rifles.
d. That a skilled armourer be attached to each regiment, also three pioneers, provided with axe, spade, and other tools.
e. Non-commissioned officers to have some distinctive dress, and remain permanently with their regiments.
f. No regiment to have more than one class of firearm, and colours not to be carried on the rifle.
g. For muzzle-loading rifles the native powder-flask, bullet, and cap-bag to be used. The breech-loading ammunition pouches are useless for this.
h. That out of the 2000 men inspected, two regiments be formed of, say, 700 each, with officers, non-commissioned officers, drummers, and pioneers complete. The remainder, unfit for service, to be disbanded, and boys to be trained for soldiers.
305i. That a blanket be issued to each soldier when on active service, and that pipeclay for belts and slings, and blacking for pouches, be taken into use.
N.B.—The Turkish infantry are armed with the Peabody-Martini, and get their ammunition from America; they carry a blanket on active service, and 120 rounds ammunition. They make their own boots out of raw hide, and carry on pack animals plenty of shovels, picks, and ammunition. Their cavalry are armed with Winchester repeating rifles.
From what I observed ... I am still of opinion that the system lately advocated by me, and communicated through Your Excellency to His Majesty, might be successfully carried out.
APPENDIX F. EXTRACTS FROM LETTER OF HIS EXCELLENCY SIR JOHN DRUMMOND HAY TO THE AUTHOR.
Fez, 9th May 1880.
... I have been requested by the Sultan to convey to you His Majesty’s thanks for the able reports you have prepared at His Majesty’s desire regarding the body of ’Askár you inspected.... The Sultan has given orders that the regulations you have presented should be adopted.... His Majesty requests me to say that he trusts you will preserve the sword of honour which has been presented to you as a mark of His Majesty’s sense of the service you have rendered on this occasion, and of your visit to his Court.
APPENDIX G. SPECIMEN OF A “SHARÍFIAN LETTER” FROM THE SULTAN TO GOVERNOR OF MAZAGAN, DECEMBER 1879.
Praise to the one God!
Complaints have been addressed to the Sharífian Court, exalted of God, by the Jews of Mazagan, that thou dost ill-treat them, imprison, flog, and impose penalties on them in an unjust manner.
306Governors who act thus do not follow the precepts of our religion.
Dost thou not know that on the day of the resurrection the unjust will have to answer before God for the acts of injustice they may have committed?
This is the word of God accepted by all creeds.
The Prophet—may God make our prayers acceptable through him—said, “Whosoever acts unjustly towards the Jew will be called to account on the day of resurrection.”
The Jews are our tributary subjects. We, therefore, order thee to cease from further persecution of the Jews, and to act with leniency and kindness towards them. May God assist thee in doing so.
APPENDIX H. INSCRIPTION ON STONE AT VOLUBILIS.
MEABIO LIILCI
HROGAT OAN XVII
UABIUS CRISTUS
... PATER
Filio piissimo pos.
Copied on the spot, 13th May 1880. First line rather doubtful; dotted letters doubtful.
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