INDEX

Abbotsbury, old swannery at, 229

Africa, guinea fowl in, 202; ostrich breeding in, 235

African goose, 164; illustrated, 164

Age, of earth, 25; of fowls, 92; of geese, 169; of swans, 223; of ostriches, 232

Agricultural experiment stations, interest of, in aviculture, 308

Agricultural fairs, poultry exhibitions at, 292

Aigret of peafowl, 208

Albumen, formation of, in egg, 17

Alfalfa, 140, 236

American Wild Goose, 165; illustrated, 166

American Wild Pigeon, 241

Amherst Pheasant, illustrated, 214

Ancona, 64

Andalusian, Blue, 49, 64

Animal kingdom, place of birds in, 2

Animals, having bird characters, 1; predacious, prevent use of colony system, 107

Annual production of poultry and eggs in United States, 290

Antwerp Homer Pigeon, 246

Art, relation of, to poultry culture, 306

Aseel, 50

Ashes, use of, in poultry house, 75

Asia, peafowl in, 208; pheasants in, 212

Asiatic races of fowls, 49

Australia, Black Swan discovered in, 223

Austria, goose growing in, 167

Aylesbury Duck, 129; as a market duck in America, 147

Babylonians, knowledge of fowls among, 36

Bache, importation of pheasants by, 212

Bakubas, ducks among the, 127

Bantams, 66; illustrated, 37, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70

Barbs of feather, 9

Barnum, P. T., promoter of an early poultry show, 53

Barrel of dressed poultry iced for shipment, illustrated, 284

Barring, quality in, 295

Bat, a flying animal, 1

Bath, for ducks, 139; for pigeons, 261; for canaries, 273

Beard, of fowls, 10; of turkeys, 180

Bedding for ducks, 138

Beef scrap, 116, 140

Belgian Canary, 271; illustrated, 271

Bill, of duck, 124; of goose, 158

Bird, use of term, 2

Birdseed, composition of, 273

Black Swan, 223

Blackhead in turkeys, 198

Blood, feeding, to fowls, 90

Boat, swimming bird model for, 3, 124

Boston, first poultry show held in, 52

Boston Common, feeding pigeons on, illustrated, 245

Bourbon Red Turkey, 187; illustrated, 188

Brahma Bantams, 71; illustrated, 70

Brahmaputras, 53

Brahmas, Light, illustrated, 22, 36, 37; Dark, illustrated, 51; used for roasters, 116

Bran, 78, 89

Branding swans, 225

Bread, feeding, to swans, 228

Breast in birds, relation of development of, to flight, 12

Breed, defined, 28

Bremen Goose, 161

Broiler growing, 112

Bronze Turkey, 183; illustrated, 186

Broody hen, actions of, 93

Brown eggs, preference for, in Boston, 289

Brunswick Goose, 161

Bucks County Fowl, 56

Buff Turkey, 187

Buoyancy of aquatic birds, 15

Burnham, author of "The History of the Hen Fever," 53

Buttermilk, 98

Cabbage for poultry, 89, 117, 140

Cackling of fowls, 33

Cages for canaries, 272

Call Ducks, 133, 134; illustrated, 135

Cambridgeshire Bronze Turkey, 182

Canada Goose, 165; illustrated, 166

Canary Islands, canaries in, 269

Candling eggs, 21, 283; illustrated, 282

Capon, 116

Carneaux squabs, illustrated, 266

Carrier Pigeon, 243

Cart, used on poultry farm, illustrated, 102

Cats and canaries, 272

Cayuga Duck, 131

Cement floor in poultry house, 74

Central America, turkey in, 181

Ceylon, peafowl in, 209

Chalazæ, function of, 17

Charcoal fire, incubating eggs over, 307

Chicken, exclusion of, 22; technical use of term, 35

Chickweed for canaries, 273

Children as poultry keepers, 39, 42

China, introduction of poultry into, 36; Pekin Duck brought from, 131; artificial incubation in, 305

China Geese, 162; illustrated, 162, 163

Chinese races of fowls, 51

Cities, relation of growth of, to poultry culture, 278

Classes of domestic birds, 6

Clover, 140

Clucking of hen, 33, 93

Cochin, Buff, illustrated, 50; Black, used in making Plymouth Rock, 57; Partridge, judging, 296

Cochin Bantams, 69; illustrated, 69

Cock, use of term, 34

Cockfighting, prohibition of, 5

Cockerel, 35

Cold storage, 112, 285

Colony houses, illustrated, 101, 103, 104, 106

Colony system of poultry keeping, 101

Color, in feathers, 10; of wild ancestor of domestic fowl, 27; of wild ancestor of domestic pigeon, 247; consideration of, in judging, 294

Comb, of fowl, 33, 117; of guinea, 200

Commerce, relations of, to aviculture, 308

Common Pheasant, 214

Comparison judging, 299

Confinement, effect of, on egg production, 72, 74

Cooling dressed poultry, 285; illustrated, 287

Coop, made of dry-goods box, illustrated, 75; for hens and chicks, 97; illustrated, 97, 98, 106; for turkey hen and brood, illustrated, 197; for pheasants, illustrated, 218, 219

Corn, cracked, 78, 98, 103, 116, 140, 175; feeding, on cob, 89; soaking whole, 89; for sitting hens, 95; stale, 220

Corn meal for chicks, 78, 89, 97

Cornfield, poultry in, 106; illustrated, 122

Cracker crumbs for chicks, 98

Creameries as egg-collecting depots, 280

Creamy tint in white feathers, cause of, 11

Crest, occurrence of, in fowls, 10; consideration of, in judging, 295

Crested White Duck, 133

Crop, function of, 16; size of, in duck, 140; peculiarity of, in ostrich, 232

Croppers, 250

Crossbred, defined, 29

Crow of cock, 33

Crower, colloquial use of term, 35

Cuckoo, laying habit of, 1; mating habits of, 3; fowls, 43

Curl in tail of drake, 127

Cuttle bone for canaries, 273

Cygnet, 224

Darknecked Pheasant, 214

Decoration, feathers used for, 32

Decorative plumage, 10

Deer's hair for canaries' nests, 274

Diet of birds, 15

Disqualifications for exhibitions, 298

Domestication, adaptability of species to, 7

Dominique, 43, 55, 57; illustrated, 43

Dorking, 44, 55; illustrated, 44

Dove, origin and use of term, 240

Dovecots, great number of, in England in medieval times, 252

Down, defined, 8; replaced by feathers, 11; sometimes a disqualification, 299

Dragoon pigeon, 251; illustrated, 241

Drawing poultry, 289

Dressed poultry, 283; illustrated, 285

Dressed squabs, illustrated, 267

Driving turkeys to market, illustrated, 199, 280, 281

Droppings board, 75

Duck farms, illustrated, 146, 147, 149, 150

Dumb ducks, 127

Dust bath for fowls, 76

Dutch artists, paintings of poultry by, 48

Dutch races of fowls, 47

Dwarf fowls, 64

Eared Pheasants, 216

Earth, relation of age of, to evolution, 26

East India Duck, 133

Egg, description of, 16

Eggs, uses of, 4; number of, set under hen, 95; boiled for chicks, 98; quality of ducks' and hens', compared, 124

Egypt, fowls in ancient, 36; goose sacred in ancient, 166; pigeons in, 244; artificial incubation in, 305

Egyptian Goose, 165

Egyptian hieroglyphics, duck in, 127; goose in, 157

Embryo, growth of, 16, 21

Emden Goose, 158; illustrated, 158

England, colony poultry houses in, 107

English Pheasant, 215

English races of fowls, 46

Evolution, theory of, 25

Exhibition Game Bantams, 70; illustrated, 37

Exhibitions of poultry, illustrated, 292, 297

Face of fowl, appearance of, 8

Fancier, philosophy of the, 302

Fanciers, influence of, on development of types, 37

Fancy poultry plant, illustrated, 121

Fantail Pigeon, 249, 296; illustrated, 298

Farm stock of poultry, illustrated, 84

Fattening chickens in crates, illustrated, 279

Feather beds, 31

Feathers, uses of, 4, 31; structure of, 8; resistance of, to water, 15

Feeding young ducks on duck farm, illustrated, 153

Fence for ducks, 139; for turkeys, 192, 197

Feral race, distinguished from wild, 35

Fertile egg, appearance of, when tested, 96

Feudal system, regulation under, of use of birds in hunting, 5

Flatheaded Canary, illustrated, 271

Flaxseed for canaries, 272

Flies, ducks catching, 144

Flight of birds, 2

Floors in poultry houses, 73

Fly for pigeons, 257

Flying machine, bird a model for, 2

Food, of birds, 15; of fowls, 78

Foot feathering, 37; consideration of, in judging, 295

Fowl, use of term, 2

Fowls and pheasants in same yard, illustrated, 220

French races of fowls, 48

Frillback Pigeons, illustrated, 252

Frizzled fowls, 65

Gallus Bankiva, 35; cock, illustrated, 42

Game, resemblance of Brown Pit to wild progenitor, 27

Game Bantam, 37

Gander, 160; fighting, in Russia, 162

Garden, keeping chickens in, 83; keeping ducks in, 145

Germ of egg, 16

German artists, paintings of poultry by old, 48

German races of fowls, 47

Germany, goose growing in, 167

Gizzard, function of, 16; peculiarity of, in ostrich, 232

Gobbler, use of term, 180

Golden Pheasant, 215

Goldfinch, American, erroneously called a canary, 270

Goose-fattening farm, illustrated, 175

Goslings, growth of, illustrated, 172; grazing, illustrated, 174

Gough, John B., a noted poultry fancier, 53

Grade, defined, 29

Grass, in poultry yards, 72; growing goslings on, 172

Grasshoppers, turkeys as destroyers of, 194

Gray Lag Goose, 160

Green ducks, 144

Grit, use of, for poultry, 16

Guinea, color pattern in feathers of, 10; White, illustrated, 202, 204

Gunpowder, use of pigeon manure in manufacture of, 253

Hair, relation of, to feathers, 8

Hamburg, Silver-Spangled, illustrated, 46

Hamburg chicks, early growth of feathers of, 11

Handling ducks, 125

Handling pigeons, 262

Harz Mountain Canaries, 271

Hatching season, natural, 93

Hawk-colored fowls, 43

Hawks and guineas, 204

Hempseed for canaries, 274

Hen Pigeons, illustrated, 251

Hen-tailed Bantams, 70

Heron, flight of, 12

Holland Turkey, White, 182; illustrated, 184, 185

Homer Pigeons, 243; Flying, illustrated, 241, 242, 246; squab-breeding, illustrated, 247; squabs of, illustrated, 266

Houdan male, illustrated, 48

House, for fowls, 73, 85, 101, 108; illustrated, 74, 76, 77, 85-89, 118; with open front protected by hood, illustrated, 89; for growing chickens, illustrated, 99, 116; old stone, on Rhode Island farm, illustrated, 100; moving a colony to, 104; interior of a compartment in, illustrated, 110; for ducks, 138; illustrated, 150, 151; for geese, 169; for turkeys, 190; illustrated, 191; for pheasants, 219

House and fly for pigeons, illustrated, 255, 259, 262-265

Houses at agricultural colleges and experiment stations, illustrated, 79, 88, 90, 91, 109

Hungarian Pheasant, 214

Hybrid, defined, 25

Ice supply on large duck farms, 154

Incubation, appearance of eggs at various stages of, illustrated, 20, 21; period of, 96, 142, 171, 196, 205, 210, 220, 228, 236, 267, 275

Incubator cellar, illustrated, 115

Incubators, 306; introduction of, on Long Island duck farms, 148; mammoth, 152

India, antiquity of fowl in, 36; peafowl in, 209

Indian Runner Duck, 132, 141; illustrated, 132, 133

Insects, birds as destroyers of, 5

Instinct, relation of, to incubation, 19; homing, in pigeons, 243

Intelligence of birds, 3

Intensive poultry farms, 110

Invention, relation of, to aviculture, 306

Italian races of fowls, 46

Jacobin Pigeon, illustrated, 243

Japan, antiquity of fowl in, 36

Japanese Bantams, 68; illustrated, 68

Japanese Long-Tailed Fowl, illustrated, 52

Japanese races of fowls, 51

Java, Black, 58

Java, peafowl in, 209

Jersey Blue, 56

Johnnycake for chicks, 98

Journalism, 305

Judging, 293, 304

Kafirs, their method of pulling stumps of ostrich plumes, 238

Kentucky, turkeys in, 189

Killing poultry, 284

Land plaster, use of, in poultry houses, 75

Langshan, Black, illustrated, 40, 41

Language, capacity of birds for, 2

Laugher Pigeon, 239

Lavender Guinea, 203

Lawn clippings for poultry, 76

Laying capacity of birds, 18, 127

Laying habits of birds, 141, 170, 195, 266

Leaves for litter in poultry houses, 76

Leg of bird, contraction of, in perching, 14

Leghorn, 46; illustrated, 10, 11, 45, 81; early growth of feathers of, 11

Legislation relating to aviculture, 309

Lettuce for canaries, 273

Lice, how fowls rid themselves of, 77; to destroy, on sitting hens, 96

Lime in eggshells, 16

Lincolnshire Buff, 63

Litter in poultry houses, 76, 138

Lizard Canary, 271

Long Island duck farms, 146

Losses due to bad handling of poultry produce, 282

Lyell, James C., on origin of domestic pigeon, 240

Malay fowl, 50

Mallard Duck, 126; illustrated, 127

Maltese Hen Pigeon, 252

Manchester Coppy, 271

Manchurian Pheasant, illustrated, 215

Mandarin Duck, 134

Mangel-wurzels, 89

Manure, poultry, use of, 75; pigeon, used in manufacture of gunpowder, 253

Mash, time of feeding, 78; method of making, 89; use of, 89, 98, 140; cooking, 103

Meat meal, 140

Mexico, turkey in, 181

Middlemen, 275

Milk, feeding, to chicks, 98; pigeon, 267

Minorcas, illustrated, 48, 49

Molting, 11

Monaul, illustrated, 216

Mondaine Pigeon, Swiss, illustrated, 242

Mongolian Pheasant, 215; illustrated, 213

Mongrel Geese, illustrated, 167

Monks, probable originators of many types of fancy fowls, 48

Mule, defined, 25

Muscovy Duck, 125, 129; illustrated, 128

Mute Swan, 222

Narragansett Turkey, 183

Native fowls in America, 43

Neck, handling ducks by, 125

Nest building, 18

Nest eggs, 94

Nests, fowls', 94; ducks', 138; geese's, 171; turkeys', 195; swans', 228; pigeons', 259, 264; canaries', 274

Netherlands, Indian Runner Duck in, 132

Netted Guinea, 203

New Jersey, pheasant introduced into, 213

Norfolk Turkey, 182

Norwich Canary, illustrated, 270

Nubia, ownership of fowls in, 39

Nun Pigeons, illustrated, 252

Oatmeal for chicks, 98

Oats, 78; feeding, in sheaf, 89

Offal of slaughtered animals, feeding, to poultry, 90

Oil in feathers, 11

Oregon, pheasant introduced into, 213

Ornamental birds, number of, in domestication limited, 7

Ornamental ducks, 156

Ornamental geese, 164

Ornithorhynchus, resemblance of, to bird, 1

Orpington Ducks, Blue, illustrated, 134

Orpington fowl, 63; illustrated, 64, 65

Ostrich, illustrated, 231, 233, 235, 237

Outdoor quarters for fowls, 72

Ovary, 17

Oviduct, 17

Ovules, numbers of, in hens, 18

Owl Pigeon, illustrated, 249

Oyster shell for fowls, 81

Packing houses, relation of, to distribution of poultry produce, 280

Pairing of birds, 3, 168, 178, 205, 210, 219, 236, 262, 274

Partridge, peculiarity of flight of, 13

Passenger Pigeon, 241

Peacock, tail of, 10; Indian, illustrated, 207

Pearl Guinea, 203

Peas for pigeon food, 265

Pekin Duck, 131, 147; illustrated, 131, 140, 141

Penguin, locomotion of, 1

Perches for pigeons, 259

Persia, pigeon in ancient, 245

Petaluma, egg farming at, 119; illustrated, 117

Philadelphia chickens, 114

Phœnix cockerel, illustrated, 52

Pied Guinea, 203

Pigment in feathers, 11

Pigmy Pouters, 251

Plantain for canaries, 273

Plucking live geese, 167

Plymouth Rock, Barred, 57, 295; illustrated, 54, 55, 80; White, 58; illustrated, 56; Buff, 59, 62; illustrated, 57; Columbian, 61; illustrated, 62; Silver-Penciled, 61; illustrated, 58

Point Judith Bronze Turkey, 183

Polish, 47; White, 34; Silver-Spangled, illustrated, 39; White-Crested Black, 47

Pomeranian Goose, 161

Poult, 180

Pouter Pigeon, 250, 297; illustrated, 250

Preserved eggs, 286

Prices, how determined, 278; of fancy poultry and pigeons, 301

Profits, computation of, 72

Pullet, 35

Pure-bred, defined, 30

Quail, laying of, in captivity, 18

Quantity of food, 80, 88

Range, advantages of, 85

Rapeseed for canaries, 273

Réaumur, experiments of, in incubation, 307

Reptile, resemblance of duckling to, 142

Retailing poultry produce, 275, 288

Rhode Island, goose growing in, 173

Rhode Island Red, 61, 100; illustrated, 32

Ringneck Pheasant, illustrated, 212

Roaster growing, 113; illustrated, 114

Rock Pigeon, 241

Roller Canaries, 271

Roller Pigeons, 248

Romans, distribution of domestic fowl by, 36, 46; peacock a favorite dish among, 209

Rooster, use of term, 34

Rose-Comb Black Bantam, illustrated, 69

Rotten egg, appearance of, when candled, 96

Rouen Duck, 130, 141; illustrated, 130

Rudiments of judging poultry, 293

Ruff, occurrence of, in pigeons, 10

Rumpless Fowl, 65

Running board for pigeons, 260

Runt Pigeon, 251; illustrated, 241, 250

Russia, geese in, 167

Rye, 78, 116, 154

Saddleback Goose, 161

St. Andreasberg Roller, 271

Salt for pigeons, 265

Sawdust in poultry house, 75

Scalding poultry, 284

Scale on beak of young birds, 22

Scales, relation of, to feathers, 8

Scoring, 300

Scotland, wild pigeon in, 240

Scratching of birds, use of, 14

Sebastopol Goose, 165; illustrated, 165

Sebright Bantam, 70; illustrated, 70

Shanghai, 53

Shavings for litter in poultry house, 76

Shell of egg, formation of, 17

Silky fowl, 65

Silver Pheasant, 215

Sitting hen, illustrated, 19; food for, 95

Slate Turkey, 187

Slip, an imperfect capon, 117

Snow, effect of, on poultry, 81, 92, 107, 125, 269

Social relations of birds, 3

South America, guinea in, 202

Space per bird in poultry house, 86

Spain, turkey in, 181

Spanish Goose, 162

Spanish, White-Faced Black, illustrated, 38

Spanish races of fowls, 49

Sparrow, laying capacity of, 18

Species, predatory relation of, 6; defined, 24; origin of, 25

Sprouted oats, 78

Spurs, 33, 117

Squab, 240; illustrated, 266, 267

Squeaker. See Squab

Standard-bred, defined, 30

Standards for judging exhibition poultry, 299

Strain, defined, 29

Stub feather, 9

Subvariety, defined, 29

Summer quarters for poultry, illustrated, 123

Sunlight, benefits of, 73

Swan and nest, illustrated, 224

Swannery, an English, illustrated, 228

Swans feeding on the water, illustrated, 227

Swedish Duck, Blue, illustrated, 133

Swimming, of birds, economic value of, 14; effect of, on growth of ducks, 151

Swiss Mondaine Pigeon, illustrated, 242

Table fowl, Dorking best type of, 47

Table scraps, feeding to fowls, 77

Tail of bird, its use in flight, 14

Temperature for incubation, 21

Tennessee, turkeys in, 189

Testing eggs to determine fertility, 21, 96, 142

Thoroughbred, defined, 30

Tippler Pigeon, 247

Tom-turkey, 180

Toulouse Goose, 161; illustrated, 159, 160

Train of peacock, 207

Tricolor Canary, illustrated, 270

Triganica Pigeon, 242

Trumpeter Pigeon, 239; illustrated, 249

Tula Goose, 162

Tumbler Pigeon, 247; illustrated, 244, 258

Turbit Pigeon, 251

Turkey, common, illustrated, 181

Turkey hen with brood, illustrated, 198

Turkey nest, illustrated, 196

Turkey roost, illustrated, 194

Turnips for poultry, 90

Uses of birds in domestication, 4

Utility types of poultry, 303

Varieties, 27

Variety, defined, 28

Ventilation, 261

Versicolor Pheasant, 215

Virginia, turkeys in, 189

Voices of birds, 3, 33, 126, 159, 180, 200, 207, 223, 232, 238, 269

Waste food consumed by street pigeons, 256

Water, 81, 98, 141; imperviousness of feathers to, 15; warming, for fowls, 81; propensity of young ducks for, 145; constant supply of, for pigeons, illustrated, 261

Wattles, of fowl, 33; of turkey, 179; of guinea, 200; of pheasant, 211

Web of feather, 9

Webster, Daniel, exhibitor at first poultry show in America, 53

West Indies, guinea in, 202

Wheat, 78, 98, 141

Whistling Swan, 222

White eggs, preference for, 289

White of egg, formation of, 17

Wild birds, place of, in civilization, 5

Wild geese, growing, in captivity, 178

Wings, movement of, in flight, 12

Women as poultry keepers, 39, 42, 122

Wood Duck, 134

Wyandotte, 59; Silver-Laced, illustrated, 59; White, 60; illustrated, 60, 82; Partridge, illustrated, 61; Silver-Penciled, illustrated, 61; Buff, origin of, 62; Columbian, illustrated, 62

Yard of small poultry fancier, illustrated, 120

Yards, for fowls, 73; for ducks, 138; for geese, 169; for turkeys, 190; for pheasants, 219

Yellow-legged fowls, American preference for, 55

Yolk of egg, 17

Yorkshire Canary, illustrated, 270