OLD QUEBEC
Reading edition
THE FORTRESS OF NEW FRANCE
BY
GILBERT PARKER
AND
CLAUDE G. BRYAN
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd.
1903
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1903,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up, electrotyped, and published September, 1903. Reprinted November, 1903.
Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.
CONTENTS
page
Note xvii
Prelude xix
CHAPTER I Early Voyages 1
CHAPTER II The Era of Champlain 19
CHAPTER III The Heroic Age of New France 44
CHAPTER IV Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam 66
CHAPTER V Royal Government 85
CHAPTER VI The Noblesse and the People 95
CHAPTER VII Frontenac and La Salle 110
CHAPTER VIII Fire, Massacre, and Siege 134
CHAPTER IX The Close of the Century 159
CHAPTER X Border Warfare 175
CHAPTER XI The Beginning of the End 187
CHAPTER XII Life under the Ancien Régime 218
CHAPTER XIII During the Seven Years' War 246
CHAPTER XIV Here died Wolfe Victorious 268
CHAPTER XV Murray and De Lévis 299
CHAPTER XVI The First Years of British Rule 325
CHAPTER XVII The Fifth Siege 342
CHAPTER XVIII Social and Political Progress 364
CHAPTER XIX The Story of the Great Trading Companies 394
CHAPTER XX The New Century 422
CHAPTER XXI The Modern Period 443
Appendices 473
Index 479
LIST OF PLATES
Major-General James Wolfe Frontispiece
face page
François-Xavier de Laval 16
Cardinal de Richelieu 48
The Earl of Chatham 187
General the Marquis Montcalm 271
General Sir Jeffrey Amherst 282
Admiral Earl St. Vincent 294
General Gage 301
The Hon. Robert Monckton 307
[1]General Sir A. P. Irving 317
General Townshend 327
Sir James Henry Craig 342
Sir John Cope Sherbrooke 355
The Fourth Duke of Richmond 368
Admiral Viscount Nelson 374
Lord Dalhousie 376
General Lord Aylmer 395
The Earl of Durham 407
Sir John Colborne 417
Lord Sydenham 424
Sir Charles Bagot 434
General Earl Cathcart 443
The Earl of Elgin 452
Lord Lisgar 458
The Marquis of Dufferin and Ava 466
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
page
Jacques Cartier 7
Manoir de Jacques Cartier à Limoulon 11
Arrival of Jacques Cartier at Quebec, 1535 13
Cap Rouge 17
Champlain 21
Montmorency Falls 25
Bonne Ste. Anne (Old Church) 31
Marie de l'Incarnation 51
Ursuline Nuns of Quebec (Salle d'Étude, noviciat) 55
Jesuits' College and Church 56
Château Saint Louis, 1694 57
The Ursulines' Convent 61
Monument to the First Canadian Missionary 71
Brébeuf 74
Lalement 75
Colbert 87
Old Bishop's Palace 103
New Palace Gate 105
Intendant's Palace 107
Frontenac 113
Old St. Louis Gate 117
Robert Cavelier de la Salle 123
Sir William Phipps 147
Plan of Fort St. Louis, 1683 151
The Citadel To-day (from Dufferin Terrace) 153
Notre Dame de la Victoire 157
The Citadel in Winter 173
Lieut.-General Sir William Pepperell, Bart. 189
Bienville 193
De Bougainville 197
Ruins of Château Bigot 201
Le Chien d'Or 202
Plan of the City of Quebec, 1759 207
Major-General Sir Isaac Barre 209
Sir Hugh Palliser, Bart. 213
The City of Quebec in 1759 219
Baron Grant 221
Baroness de Longueil 223
Upper Town Market To-day 225
New St. John's Gate 227
Petit Champlain Street To-day 229
Old Prescott Gate 231
A Carriole 234
Village of Beauport 235
The Basilica 239
Jesuits' Barracks 241
Calèches 243
Quebec (from Lévi) 245
De Lévis 251
Sir George Bridges Rodney, Bart. (Governor of Newfoundland, 1759) 263
Entrance to the Citadel To-day 270
Hope Gate 272
Admiral Sir Charles Saunders 274
The Manor-House at Beauport, Montcalm's Headquarters 277
General Hospital 284
Captain James Cook 290
New Kent Gate 301
Church of the Récollets and La Grande Place 309
Old French House, St. John Street 315
Manor House, Sillery 319
Montreal in 1760 329
General Richard Montgomery 345
Cape Diamond 357
Benjamin Franklin 365
Charles Carroll of Carrollton 367
Samuel Chase 369
Breakneck Steps To-day 371
Old Parliament House, Quebec 377
H.R.H. the Duke of Kent, K.B 379
St. Lawrence River from the Citadel 381
Percée Rock 387
Hon. William Osgoode 389
New St. Louis Gate 390
Old Market Square, Upper Town 391
Frontenac Terrace To-day 392
Mr. Samuel Hearne 397
Prince of Wales's Fort, Hudson's Bay, 1777 401
Prince Rupert 403
Sir Alexander Mackenzie 415
Simon M'Tavish 419
Earl of Selkirk 420
Ferry-Boat on the St. Lawrence 423
Sir Gordon Drummond 427
Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B. 430
General de Salaberry 435
A Beggar of Côte Beaupré 437
St. Louis Street, Place d'Armes, and New Court House 448
City Hall, Quebec 444
Lieut.-Colonel John By, R.E. 445
Sir Peregrine Maitland 448
Trappists at Mistassini 449
The Hon. Louis Joseph Papineau 451
English Cathedral 455
The Marquis of Lorne (Duke of Argyll) 461
Sir George Cartier 465
Sir John A. Macdonald 467
Sir Wilfrid Laurier 469
MAPS
1. Canada and the North American Colonies, 1680-1782 Face page 110
The Environs of Quebec, 1759.
Louisbourg, to show the Sieges of 1744 and 1758.
2. Plan of Quebec, 1759. From a Map published in London in 1760 Page 207
3. Plan of the River St. Lawrence Face page 268
4. Map of Upper and Lower Canada, illustrating events until the Campaign of 1814 Face page 378
5. The Territory of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1670-1870 Face page 399