THE DIPLOMATIC HISTORY OF THE JEWISH QUESTION
Reading edition
WITH TEXTS OF PROTOCOLS, TREATY STIPULATIONS AND OTHER PUBLIC ACTS AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
BY
LUCIEN WOLF
PUBLISHED BY THE JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND Mocatta Library and Museum University College (University of London) GOWER STREET, LONDON, W.C. 1 1919 All rights reserved
PREFACE.
The substance of this volume was read as a Paper before the Jewish Historical Society of England on February 11, 1918. It has now been expanded and supplied with a full equipment of documents—Protocols of Congresses and Conferences, Treaty Stipulations, Diplomatic Correspondence and other public Acts—in the hope that it may prove useful as a permanent record, and serviceable to those of our communal organisations whose duty it will be to bring the still unsolved aspects of the Jewish Question before the coming Peace Conference.
Besides helping to indicate the lines on which Jewish action should travel in this matter, the State Papers here quoted may also serve to remind the Plenipotentiaries themselves that the Jewish Question is far from being a subsidiary issue in the Reconstruction of Europe, that they have a great tradition of effort and achievement in regard to it, and that this tradition, apart from the high merits of the task itself, imposes upon them the solemn obligation of solving the Question completely and finally now that the opportunity of doing so presents itself free from all restraints of a selfish and calculating diplomacy. It is not only that the edifice of Religious Liberty in Europe has to be completed, but also that some six millions of human beings have to be freed from political and civil disabilities and social and economic restrictions which for calculated cruelty have no parallels outside the Dark Ages. The Peace Conference will have accomplished relatively little if a shred of this blackest of all European scandals is allowed to survive its deliberations.
This collection does not pretend to be complete. The aim has been only to illustrate adequately the main lines of the theme with a view to practical questions which may arise in connection with the Peace Conference. American documents have been only sparely quoted, for the reason that the American Jewish Historical Society has already published a very full collection of such documents. (Cyrus Adler: "Jews in the Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States.") The many generous interventions of the Vatican on behalf of persecuted Jews have also been omitted partly for a similar reason (see Stern: "Urkundliche Beiträge über die Stellung der Päpste zu den Juden") and partly because they have very little direct bearing on the diplomatic activities of the Great Powers during the period under discussion.
My grateful acknowledgements are due to the Foreign Office for kindly permitting me to copy the documents relating to Palestine, which will be found appended to Chapter IV, and to Lieut. J. B. Morton, who was good enough to relieve me of much of the work of reading the proof-sheets. I have also to thank Mr. D. Mitrani for the generous help he gave me in preparing the Index.
L. W.
Gray's Inn, London. December 1918.
CONTENTS.
page
I.INTRODUCTION
On International Religious Liberty Generally 1
II. INTERVENTIONS ON GROUNDS OF HUMANITY 6
(a) Persecution of the Jews in Bohemia (1744-1745) 7
Documents—
Petition to King George II, 17447
Appeal of Bohemian Jews, 17449
The Decree of the Empress, 174410
Instructions to the British Ambassador in Vienna, 174411
(b)The Congress of Vienna (1815)12
Documents—
List from Klüber14
Art. XVI of Annexe IX of Final Act of Congress, 181514
(c)The Congress of Aix-la-chapelle (1818)15
Document—
Protocol of Nov. 21, 181816
(d)The Conference of London (1830)17
Document—
Protocol of Feb. 3, 183017
(e)The Congress of Paris (1856-1858)18
Documents—
Art. IX of the Treaty of Paris, 185621
Extracts from the Hatti-Humayoun of Feb. 18, 185621
Conferences of Constantinople: Protocol of Feb. 11, 185623
Art. XLVI of Convention of Paris of Aug. 10, 185823
(f)The Congress of Berlin (1878)23
Documents—
Extracts from Protocols of June 24, 25, 26, and 28, and July 1, 4, and 10, 187825
Extracts from Treaty of Berlin: Arts. XLIV and LXII, 187833
Mr. White to the Marquis of Salisbury, Oct. 25, 187934
Identic Note to Rumanian Government, Feb. 20, 188035
(g)Rumania and the Powers (1902)36
Documents—
Dispatch from Mr. John Hay to U.S. Minister at Athens,
July 17, 190238
American Circular Note to the Great Powers, Aug. 11, 190244
Mr. Bertie to Mr. Choate, Sept. 2, 190244
(h)The Conferences of London, St. Petersburg, And Bucharest (1912-1913)45
Documents—
Conference of Bucharest: Protocol of July 23, 1913 47
Jewish Conjoint Committee to Sir Edward Grey, Oct. 13, 191348
Sir Eyre A. Crowe to Conjoint Committee, Oct. 29, 191351
Conjoint Committee to Sir Edward Grey, Nov. 13, 191351
The same to the same, March 12, 191452
(i)The Jewish Question and the Balance of Power (1890 and 1906)54
Document—
The proposed Anti-Semitic Triple Alliance: Secret Russian Memorandum, Jan. 3, 190657
III. INTERVENTIONS BY RIGHT
(a)Status of Jews in Foreign Countries63
Document—
Art. XIV, Treaty of Carlowitz, 169971
Interpretation by Austrian Government, Dec. 28, 181571
Arts. I, III, and VI of Franco-Swiss Treaty, 182771
Secret Note by French Negotiator, Aug. 7, 182672
Speech of King Louis-Philippe, Nov. 5, 183573
Extract from Franco-Swiss Treaty, June 30, 186473
Art. I, Anglo-Swiss Treaty, Sept. 6, 185573
Art. I, American-Swiss Treaty, Nov. 6, 185574
Interpretation by United States, 185774
Mr. Seward to U.S. Minister in Switzerland, Sept. 14, 186175
Art. I, Russo-American Treaty, 183275
Mr. Blaine to U.S. Minister in St. Petersburg, July 29, 1881 76
Resolution of U.S. House of Representatives, Dec. 13, 191179
Resolution of U.S. Senate, Dec. 20, 191179
Arts. I and XI, Anglo-Russian Treaty, 185980
Interpretation by Great Britain, 1862 and 188181
The Marquis of Salisbury to Sir Julian Goldsmid, Jan. 29, 189182
Sir Edward Grey to Jewish Conjoint Committee, Oct. 1, 191282
Art. XIII, Anglo-Moorish Treaty, 185683
(b)Consular Protection83
Documents—
Earl Russell to the Jewish Board of Deputies, Feb. 1, 186486
Art. III, Anglo-Moorish Treaty, 1727-2887
Art. III, Anglo-Moorish Treaty, 185687
Art. IV, Anglo-Moorish Treaty, 185687
Franco-Moorish Règlement, Aug. 19, 186388
(c)The Conferences of Madrid (1880) and Algeciras (1906)88
Documents—
Madrid: Protocols of May 20 and June 24, 188090
Art. VI, Treaty of Madrid, 188091
Edict of the Sultan of Morocco, 186492
Madrid: Protocol of June 26, 188092
Algeciras: Protocol of April 2, 190698
IV. THE PALESTINE QUESTION AND THE NATIONAL RESTORATION OF THE JEWS 100
Documents—
Russian Memorandum, Oct. 1840107
Austrian Memorandum, Oct. 1840111
Lord Clanricarde to Lord Palmerston, Feb. 23. 1841113
Mémoire of the King of Prussia, Feb. 24, 1841114
Baron Bülow to Lord Palmerston, March 6, 1841116
Lord Beauvale to Lord Palmerston, March 2, 1841116
Lord Palmerston to Lord Beauvale, March 11, 1841117
Further Austrian Memorandum, March 31, 1841117
Col. Churchill to Sir Moses Montefiore, June 14, 1841119
The same to the same, Aug. 15, 1842121
Resolution of the Jewish Board of Deputies, Nov. 8, 1843123
Col. Churchill to the Board of Deputies, Jan. 8, 1843123
Art. V of Agreement between Great Britain, France and Russia, Feb. 21, 1917124
Mr. Balfour to Lord Rothschild, Nov. 2, 1917124
APPENDIX.
International Anti-Semitism in 1498126
Document—
Sub-Prior of Santa Cruz to Ferdinand and Isabella, July 18, 1498126
INDEX127