INDEX.

A

Acacia Cavenia, 157

Aconcagua, 192

—— valley, vegetation of, 195

Adesmia, 182

Agassiz, Professor Alexander, 342

Ajulla, Promontory of, 51

Albatross, 215

Alligators, 41

Alpine zone in Andes, 91

Amancais, 71

Amatapi, Sierra, 52

Ancud, 145

Andean Flora, Alpine zone, 104

——, divisions of the, 104

——, European genera common to, 101

Andean railways, 63

Andes, 49

——, Alpine zone in, 91

——, cactoid plant in, 92

——, Chilian, view of, 183

——, climate of Peruvian, 99

——, Compositæ in, 102

——, cosmopolitan weeds in, 101

Aneroid barometers, 353, 354

Angol, 213

Antarctic beech, 256

—— Flora, range of, 219

Anthopterus Wardii, 34

Anticosti, 273

Apoquinto, baths of, 188

Araucanian Indians, 212

——, language of, 213

Araucaria Brasiliensis, 311

Argentaria, climate of, 300

——, emigration to, 298, 299

——, forests of, 295

——, progress of agriculture, 298

——, frontier of Chili and, 258

Arica, vegetation of, 121

Armeria maritima, var. andina, 263

Artichoke, wild, 168

Atacama, desert of, 124, 131

Atlantic, colour of, 7

——, summer temperature of, 362

——, temperature of, 5

——, winds of, 345

Ayacucho steamship, 118

Azores, 5

B

Baccharis, 157

Bahia Blanca, 298, 357, 358

Bahia de Todos Santos, 346

Baillonia spartioides, 202

Balmacedo, Don F., 191

Banda Oriental, 281

——, vegetation of, 293

Barbadoes, absence of venomous snakes in, 14

——, black population of, 11

—— harbour police, 9

—— planters, 13

——, productiveness of, 8

Barometer, high, 4

——, tables for, 4

Beagle Channel, 273

Belem, Tower of, 363

Berberis buxifolia, 263

—— empetrifolia, 263

—— ilicifolia, 263

Berberry, 225

Bentos, Fray, 287

Bio-Bio river, 213

Black-fish, 7

Blue Mountains, Jamaica, 17

Bombax pubescens, 328

Borya Bay, 241

Bossi, Signor Bartolomeo, 281

Botafogo, 322

Bove, Lieutenant, 252

Bramble in Chili, 150

Brazil, ancient mountains of, 317

——, coffee-planting in, 341

——, geology of, 313, 314

——, glacial deposits in, 342

——, rainfall in coast region of, 334

Brazilian physicians, their fees, 340

Bridges, suspension, in the Andes, 85

Buenaventura, 32

Buenos Ayres, 293–295, 299

C

Cabo Blanco, 43

—— San Lorenzo, 37

—— Santa Elena, 38

Cachapoal river, 178

Cactoid plant in Andes, 92

Caldera, 133

Callao, 61

——, quarantine at, 57

Canary Islands, 362

Cape Froward, 243

—— Parinas, 44

—— pigeon (Daption capensis), 214

—— Pillar, 238

—— Verde Islands, 359

Capricorn, Tropic of, 132

Cardoon, 164

Casapalta, 91

Catamarans, 352

Cathartes atratus, 112

Caudivilla, 109

Cauquenes, Morro de, 182

——, town of, 169

Cauquenes Baths, 172

——, railway to, 163

Celery, wild, 221

Cereus Quisco, 151, 176

Cerro de Pasco, 72

—— del Roble, 151

Chacao, Canal de, 216

Chagres river, 22

Chañeral, 133

Channels of Patagonia, 222, 223

Chicla, hotel at, 80

——, scenery at, 84

——, vegetation of, 98

Chili and Argentaria, frontier of, 258

—— and Peru, naval war of, 58

——, bramble in, 150

——, Central, flora of, 141

—— ——, climate of, 143–145

—— ——, rainfall in, 144

——, European plants in, 164

——, physical geography of, 170

——, Southern, glaciers of, 229

—— ——, rainfall of, 229

Chilian elections, cumulative vote, 191

—— mines, 161

Chiliotrichium amelloides, 234

Chiloe, island of, 215

Chimborazo, 38

Chonos Archipelago, 216

Chosica, 73

Chuquiraga spinosa, 91

Churches in Lima, 62

Chusquea, 152

Cigars, Guayaquil, 41

Cinnamon tree, 10

Claraz, M. Georges, 357, 358

Clarence Island, 243

Climate, effects of tropical, 39

Cnicus lanceolatus, 164

Cobeja, 131

Coffee-planting in Brazil, 341

Colletia spinosa, 177

Colomba, 214

Colon, 21, 22, 27

Commercial travellers, German, 309

Compositæ in Andes, 102

Concepcion del Uruguay, 288

Condor, 87, 93

Condors, captive, 185

Copiapò, 133

——, Rio de, 133

Coquimbo, vegetation of, 136, 138

Corbett, Mr., 328

Cordillera de la Costa, 218

Cordillera Grande, of Goyaz, 315

Cordillera Pelada, 218, 219

Cordillera in Peru, 49

Corrientes, 294, 300

Cosmos Line, German steamers of, 205

Cousiño, Madame, 207

Crab, red, 227

Croll, Dr. James, 271

——, remarks on his theory of secular changes of climate, 393

Cryptocarya Peumus, 160

Cuyabà, 279, 310

D

Dandelion (Taraxacum lævigatum), 263

Daption capensis, 214

Darwin, Mount, 267, 270

Dawson Island, 245

Desfontainea spinosa, 225

Desolation, Land of, 235, 241

Diomedea exulans, 215

—— fuliginosa, 215

Don, Royal Mail steamer, 2

Doterel, wreck of the, 267

Drimys Winteri, 147

Drummond-Hay, Mr., 148

Dungeness, 271

Duvaua dependens, 293

E

Earthquake-waves, 122

Eccremocarpus scaber, 199

Ecuador, 36, 40

Eden harbour, 224

Education, Chilian zeal for, 265

Elections, Chilian, cumulative vote, 191

Encelia canescens, 134

Engler, Dr., 34, 106

English Narrows, 223

English the lingua franca of America, 88

Ensenada, 302

Entrerios, 288

Equator, cold current near, 356

——, path of the sun, 37

Equatorial rains, 352

—— vegetation, 33

Erodium cicutarium, 165

Escallonia, 181

Espiritu Santo, Cape, 271

Eucalyptus globulus, 160, 292

Evergreen beech (Fagus betuloides), 225

Existence, struggle for, 330

Eyre Sound, 228

F

Fagus betuloides, 225

—— obliqua, 151

Falkland Islands, 247, 273

Fayrer, Sir Joseph, 349

Fenton, Dr., 250, 262, 269

Fernando Noronha, 354, 355

Feuillée, Father, 184

Flint, Mr., 153

Flowering plants, origin of, 318

Flying-fish, 5

—— of Pacific, 53

Fogs on Peruvian coast, 54

Francoa sonchifolia, 210

French, Dr., 289, 291

Fruit-sellers, migratory, 42

Fuegians, 233, 242, 260, 261

G

Gallinazo, 87

——, scavenger bird, 112

Galvesia limensis, 45

Gillies, Captain, 344

Glacial deposits in Brazil, 342

Glaciers in South Patagonia, 239

—— of Southern Chili, 229

Glaziou, Dr., 324

Gleichenia, 226, 311

Glyptodon, 358

Gongo Seco, 316

Gordontown, Jamaica, 18

——, cool climate of, 19

Graham, Mr. J. R., 67

Granite, disintegration of, 315

Grisebach, 34, 145

Gualtro, 168

Guanacos, 131, 253

Guano Islands, 53

Guayaquil cigars, 41

Guayaquil, city of, 40, 41

——, Gulf of, 38, 40

Guayas river, 38, 41, 42

Gynopleura linearifolia, 157

H

Hale Cove, 220

Hann, Dr. Julius, 144, 305, 349

Hanover Island, 236

Hayti, island of, 15

——, cannibalism in, 16

Haze, opacity of, 158

Heights above sea-level, fall of temperature in ascending to, 369

Henderson’s Inlet, 231

Hess, Mr., 163

Hippeastrum equestre, 19

Hopedale, in Labrador, 273

Huanillos, 127

Humboldt current, 50

Humming-birds, 209

Hura crepitans, 10

Hymenophylla, 226

I

Iberia steamship, 269

Ice-axe, 226

Ice, floating, 228

Illiluk, 274

Immigrant plants, Darwin’s view of, 166

——, checks on their extension, 167

Indians, Araucanian, 212

——, Patagonian, 260

Iquique, 121

——, sea-fight at, 127

Isla de Santa Maria, 211

Islay steamship, 29

Itamariti, Falls of, 329

J

Jamaica, 16

——, black population of, 20

——, vegetation of, 18

Jacmel harbour, 15

K

Kageneckia oblonga, 175

Kingston, Jamaica, 16

L

Lapageria rosea, 209

La Plata, estuary of, 277, 283

Las Condes, 163

La Serena, 136, 145

Lavapie Promontory, 211

Liais, M., 342

Libocedrus, 235

Lichens, 221

Lima, 61

——, a dinner-party at, 108

——, ancient beaches near, 113

——, meteorological observations at, 99

Liriodendron, 344

Lisbon, Rock of, 363

Llaillai, 150

Llama in Peru, 95

Loa river, 127

Lobelia gigantea, 184

Lobelia tupa, 184

——, poisonous species of, 76

Lobos de tierra, 53

—— de afuera, 53

Lomaria magellanica, 226

Lombardi, Signor M., 109

Lombardy poplar, 160

Loranthus, 176, 202

Lord Nelson Strait, 236

Lota, coal deposits of, 207

——, parque of, 208

Lynch, Don Patricio, 67

——, his administration, 68

M

Maceio, 347

Magellan, Straits of, 238, 239, 367

——, forests in the, 240

——, variable climate in, 240, 254

Maipo river, 134

Maldonado, 304

Malesherbiaceæ, 157

Mango tree, 10

Mapocho river, 157

Markham, Captain Albert, 135

Marrubium vulgare, 138

Matto Grosso, 279

Matucana, San Juan de, 76

Mayne Channel, 237

Maytenus magellanica, 263

Meiggs, Mr., 65

Mejillones, 132

Memory, lapses of, 26

Mendoza, 300

Mercator’s projection, 30

Messier’s Channel, 220, 231

Mist, clearing of, 333

Mitraria coccinea, 225

Molina, 175

Mollendo, 119

——, a bad port, 120

Monkeys, domesticated, 332

Monson, Mr., 280

Montaña of Eastern Peru, 97

Monte Video, 277, 279

Morro de Cauquenes, 182

Mountain-sickness, 81

Mulinum, 189

Mutisia, 177

Mutisiaceæ, 102

Myzodendron punctulatum, 256

N

Napp, Mr. Richard, 300

Nation, Mr. W., 70, 108

Naval war of Chili and Peru, 58

New Granada, 32

Nicotiana glauca, 360

Nikolaiewsk, 273

North Atlantic, trade-wind of, 361

Northern hemisphere, temperature of, 273, 274

O

O’Higgins, General, 154

Olfactory nerve, fugitive impressions, 190

Oreodoxa regia, 324

Organ Mountains, 325

Oroya railway, 64

——, spiral tunnel of, 79

——, viaducts of, 74

Ostrich, South American, 261

Oxalis lobata, 146

P

Pacific coast-steamers, 31

Pacific, colour of water of, 31

——, first view of, 25

——, flying-fish of, 53

——, high seas in Southern, 211

—— steamer, delay of, 269

Paisandu, 288, 289

Palms, avenue of, 323

Panama, 21

—— Bay, birds in, 29

—— Grand Hotel, 27

—— railway, 25

—— ship-canal, 23

——, vegetation of, 24

Paraguay river-steamers, 279

Paranà, 317

——, basin of the, 312

—— river, 284

Paranagua, Bay of, 308

Paranahyba, 313

—— valley, 320

Parasites and climbers, 330

Patagonia, 300

—— Channels, scenery of, 222, 227

——, vegetation of, 225, 235

——, women of, 253

Patagonian coast, winter climate, 276

Patagonian Indians, 260

Payta, climate and vegetation of, 45

Peckett Harbour, 262, 270

Pedro, Dom, Emperor of Brazil, 337

Pelicans, black, 59

Peñas, Gulf of, 218

Pernambuco, 351

Pernettya, 225

Peru, 44

—— and Chili, naval war of, 58

——, climate of Northern, 47

——, future of, 117

Peruvian coast, fogs on, 54

——, low temperature of, 55

—— sugar-plantation, 110

Pessimism, 365, 366

Petrel, giant, 215

Petropolis, 326, 327, 335

——, hermit of, 331

——, winter climate of, 334

Peumo tree, 159, 175

Philippi, Dr., 154

——, Professor Federigo, 155, 219

Physicians, Brazilian, their fees, 340

Pierola, Dictator of Peru, 117

Pietrabona, Commander, 257

Pimento tree, 10

Pisagua, 123

——, white rocks at, 125

Pisco, 119

Plantago maritima, 263

Pleroma arboreum, 342

—— granulosum, 336

Podocarpus nubigena, 235

Poncho, 179

Porliera hygrometrica, 199

Port Famine, 245, 250

—— Gallant, 241

Potato, wild, in Andes, 93

Prado, General, 36

Prosopis limensis, 46

Proustia Baccharoides, 195

Pteris aquilina, 329

Puente Infernillo, 78

Puerto Bueno, 233

Punta Arenas, 145, 246, 273

Puya, 151

Q

Quadras in Santiago, 153

Quarantine at Callao, 57

—— at St. Vincent, 359

Quaresma, 336

Queen Adelaide Island, 236, 238

Quillaja saponaria, 175

Quillota, Valley of, 150

Quinta Normal at Santiago, 155

R

Railways, Andean, 63

——, Oroya, 64

——, spiral tunnel of, 79

——, viaducts of, 74

Rancagua, 168

Reed, Mr. Edwin, 204

Reilly, Mr., 210

Resguardo del Rio Colorado, 200

Rhamses, the, 205

Rhea Darwinii, habits of, 261

Rimac, valley of the, 71

——, ancient terraces in, 75

——, Compositæ in, 76

——, effects of sea-breeze in, 98

Rio Claro, 171

—— Colorado, 276

—— Janeiro, Bay of, 321, 322, 325

—— Parahyba do Sul, 313

—— San Francisco, 314

Rocks, disintegration of, 115

——, ice-action on, 228

Rumex acetosella, 263

S

Sagittaria Montevidensis, 297

Saladeros, 287

Salix Humboldtiana, 77

Salta, 294

Salto, 291

Sambucus Peruviana, 101

Sampayo, Don Francisco, 257

San Bartolomé, 73

—— Cristobal, Cerro, 156

Sand-box tree (Hura crepitans), 10

Sandy Point, 246, 250

——, burnt forest at, 256

——, mutiny of convicts at, 251

——, the hotel at, 249

——, vegetation of, 255, 263

San Felipe, 192

Sanitary rules, neglect of, 87

San José, Promontory of, 276

—— volcano, 164

San Lorenzo, island of, 59

San Matias, Bay of, 276

San Paulo, 308–310

—— and Rio Janeiro railway, 312

——, railway from Santos to, 307, 308

San Ramon, Salto de, 190

Santa Clara, 72

Santa Cruz settlement, 246

Santa Lucia, Rock of, 162

Santa Rosa de los Andes, 193, 196

Santiago, 145, 153, 156, 161

——, railway to, 149

——, sunset at, 186

Santos, 305, 306

——, tropical vegetation at, 307

São João da Barra, 312

São Salvador, 346

Sarmiento Channel, 231

Sarmiento, Mount, 243, 244, 267, 270

Scavenger bird, 112

Schinus molle, 77

Sea-sickness, 217

Seaweed, bands of, 6

Senecio, the genus, 268

Serra da Mantiqueira, 313, 314

Serra do Mar, 308, 314

Shannon, Captain, 269

Simpson, Captain, 207

Sitka, 274

Smyth’s Channel, 231, 237

Solanum mammosum, 33

Soroche, mountain-sickness, 81

Soto, Don Olegario, 171

South America, tropical, origin of flora, 35

——, rainless zone of, 48

South Brazil, plateau of, flora, 311

South Patagonia, glaciers in, 239

Southern Atlantic, climate of, 305

Southern Cross, 7, 253

Southern hemisphere, temperature of, 272–274

Spanish-Americans, indolence of, 89

Species, groups of incomplete, 181

Staten Island, 252, 258

St. Antão Island, 359

Steamers, Pacific coast, 31

Straits of Magellan, 270

Sunstroke, causes of, 349, 350

Surco station, 75

Swinburne, Don Carlos, 154

T

Taforò, Dr., 191

Tagus steamship, 344

Talca, 145

Taltal, 133

Tamar, Cape, 240

Tambo de Mora, 119

Tarapacà, 125

Taraxacum lævigatum, 263

Telephone, use of, in South America, 290

Tierra del Fuego, 245, 267

Tijuca, 338

——, giant tree near, 343

——, vegetation of, 341

Tillandsia, 307

Titicaca, Lake of, 63, 66

Tocantins river, 315

Tocopilla, 128, 133

——, scenery of the moon, 129

Trade wind, north-east, 6

Trescott, Mr., 60

Tres Montes, Cape, 218

Trinidad, Gulf of, 231

Triumph, the ship, 135

Tropæolum tuberosum, 78

Trumpet-flower (Bignonia venusta), 307, 311

Tucuman, 294

Tumaco, 36

Tumbez, 43

Tupa Berterii, 184

—— secunda, 184

Tupungato, the Peak of, 153

U

Ucayali river, English settler at, 96

Unalaschka, 274

Uruguay, climate of, 279

——, fossil remains in, 291

——, islands of the, 287

—— Republic of, chronic disorder, 282, 284, 285

Ushuaia, mission station at, 260

Ushuaja, 273

Uspallata Pass, 200

Utricularia, 33

V

Valdivia, 145

Valparaiso, 138, 145

——, danger of earthquakes at, 139

Vegetation, equatorial, 33

Verbena family, 201

Viaducts, Oroya railway, 74

Vicuña Mackenna, Don Benjamin, 158

Villages, remains of ancient Peruvian, 73

Viña del Mar, 149

Vincent, St., aspect of, 360

——, quarantine at, 359

Vinciguerra, Signor, 252

Virgenes, Cape, 271

Volcano de Chana, 219

W

Wellington Island, 222

Willsen, Captain, 205

Winter’s bark (Drimys Winteri), 147

Y

Yellow fever, treatment of, 339