Volume 5 — Replies.

THE THREE ESTATES OF THE REALM. (Vol. iv., p. 278.)

MR. FRASER'S erudite researches are well worth the space which they occupy. The conclusions to be drawn from them appear quite to support my positions:

1. The Three Estates of the Realm are, the Spiritualty, the Nobility, and the Commonalty: on this fact there is no dispute. The last is as certainly the third estate (tiers état). But MR. FRASER demurs to my ranking the Spiritual Estate as the first, quoting the Collect in the Service for the fifth of November, which runs, "the Nobility, Clergy, and Commonalty." On this point I am not prepared with a decisive authority; but certainly the language and practice of Parliament is with me. The Lords Spiritual are always named before the Lords Temporal, and precedence is allotted to them accordingly; the Archbishops ranking above the Earls (with the more recent distinctions of Marquess and Duke), and the Bishops above the Temporal Barons [Qy. What was the relative rank of the other "prelates" who were formerly in Parliament?]. To the same effect is the language of the celebrated preamble to the act 24 Henry VIII. c. 12.:—

"This realm of England is an empire ... governed by one supreme head and King ... unto whom a body politic compact of all sorts and degrees of people divided in terms and by names of Spiritualty and Temporalty, be bounden and owen."

2. The Convocations of the Clergy (which are two synods sitting in three houses) are no part of the Parliament. MR. FRASER thinks "this point was settled somewhat late in our history;" but it is proved (I submit) in the very extracts which he produces from ancient statutes. Since there is no doubt that the Clergy sat regularly in Convocation, we should not hear of their occasional presence in the House of Commons had the Convocation been deemed a part of Parliament. It is certain that Convocation never exercised the powers which belong to a chamber of Parliament; even their own subsidies to the Crown were ratified and passed in Parliament before they became legally binding. [See on the whole of this subject, Burn's Eccl. Law (Phillimore's ed.), tit. "Convocation," vol. ii. pp. 19-23.] MR. FRASER has certainly adduced instances in which the assent of the Clergy was given to particular statutes; he might have added the recital of their submission to the Crown, in the Act of Supremacy, 26 Henry VIII. c. 1. He has shown also that clerical proctors were occasionally introduced into the House of Commons, like the judges (he says) in the House of Lords. But this is far from making those proctors, or the Convocation which sent them, a part of the Parliament. Indeed it is shown that they were not by the petition of the Lower House of Convocation (cited by MR. FRASER), in which they desire "to be admitted to sit in Parliament with the House of Commons, according to antient usage." It is clear that they who so petitioned did not esteem themselves to be, as a Convocation, already part of the Parliament. The Convocation would indeed have become the Spiritual Estate in Parliament, if the Clergy had acceded to the wise and patriotic design of King Edward I. But they, affecting an imperium in imperio, refused to assemble at the King's writ as a portion of the Parliament of their country, and chose to tax themselves apart in their Provincial Synods, where they used the forms of a separate Parliament for the Church.

3. Hence the Spiritual Estate was, and still is, represented in Parliament by the Spiritual Lords. William the Conqueror having converted their sees into baronies, they were obliged, like other tenants in capite, to obey the royal summons to Parliament. When I called it a mistake to suppose that our Bishops sit in the Upper House only as Barons, I did not mean that they are not so, in the present constitution of Parliament, but that such was not the origin of the prelates being called to share in the legislation of the realm. The other clergy, however, retained their tenure of frankalmoigne, and stood aloof alike from the councils and from the burdens of the state. Attendance in Parliament being chiefly given for the purpose of voting taxes, the Commons, as well as the Clergy, looked upon it as a burden more than a privilege. But while the Clergy were quickly compelled to bear their share of the public burdens, their short-sighted policy deprived them of the voice which is now enjoyed by other degrees of Englishmen in the affairs of the country. While Convocation was sitting, the Clergy could make their sentiments known by the Bishops who represented their Estate in Parliament; and we often find the Lower House of Convocation petitioning their lordships to make statements of this kind in their places in Parliament. But in the present suspension of Convocation and the disuse of diocesan synods, the Clergy have lost their weight with the Bishops themselves; and that once formidable Estate of the Realm retains but the shadow of a representation in Parliament.

MR. FRASER will find this account of the matter fully borne out by the extract he has given from Bennet's Narrative. "The King in full Parliament charged the Prelates, Earls, Barons, and other great men, and the Knights of the shire, and the Commons," to give him counsel. Here we have a description of Parliament precisely as it is constituted at this day, and the "Prelates" are the only members of the Spiritualty. Then we read "the Prelates deliberated 'with the clergy by themselves' (i.e. in Convocation), and the Earls and Barons by themselves, and the Knights and others of the Commons by themselves; and then, 'in full Parliament' (as before), each by themselves, and afterwards all in common answered," i.e. the Clergy deliberated in Convocation, but answered in Parliament by their Prelates.

It is true, as MR. FRASER observes, that the majority of the Upper House of Parliament binds the Clergy though all the Bishops should be dissentient, as in Queen Elizabeth's Act of Uniformity. This is the result of the Spiritual Estate voting in the same chamber with the Nobility; and to avoid such a result the Commons very early demanded a chamber to themselves. The Spiritualty is thus yet further reduced under the power of the Temporalty; for "the authority of Parliament" (as Elizabeth's Act of Uniformity words it) is and must be supreme, however defective its representative constitution. It were certainly to be wished that those liberal reformers who were so shocked at burgage tenures and rotten boroughs, would extend their compassion to the disfranchised clergy, some five or six hundred of whom are "represented," without their consent or opinion asked, by a prelate appointed by the Crown.

On the whole, the Convocation is "the true Church of England by representation" (Canon 139) in such matters as belong to the Church as distinguished from the State; but in Parliament, which is the State, the Spiritualty is represented by the Bishops alone.

I am astonished that MR. FRASER should stumble at my remark, that the Three Estates still assemble in common for the final passing of every act. I had thought that the ceremony of giving the royal assent in full Parliament to bills previously deliberated upon in the two Houses apart, had been sufficiently well known.

CANON EBOR.

P.S.—Since writing the above I have lighted upon the following authorities, confirming the position that the Spiritual Estate is represented in Parliament by the Bishops, and also that it is ranked as the "First Estate of the Realm." Can MR. FRASER adduce any authority whatever for applying that designation to the Clergy in Convocation?

I. In An Account of the Ceremonies observed at the Coronation of George III. (London, Kearsley, 1791, 4to.), I read that immediately after the enthronement—

"The bishops performed their homage, and then the temporal lords, first H. R. H. the Duke of York, and H. R. H. the Duke of Cumberland, each for himself;"—

the Prelates thus taking precedence even of the blood royal. The same fact is distinctly stated in the accounts appended of the coronations of James II., William and Mary (when the Bishops did homage before Prince George); and I presume that this is the regular order in which the Estates of the Realm do homage to the Sovereign upon that most solemn occasion.

II. When the royal assent is given to any act of grace (which emanates from the Crown in the first instance), the form is for the clerk of parliament to acknowledge the royal favour in these words:

III. "Les prélats, seigneurs, et commons, en ce present parliament assemblés au nom de tout vous autre subjects remercient très humblement votre Majesté, et prient à Dieu vous donner en santé bonne vie et longue."

"Strictly speaking, the 'Three Estates of the Realm' consist of, 1st, the Lords Spiritual; 2nd, the Lords Temporal; 3rd, the Commons. Parliament fully assembled consists of the King, with the two estates of the Peerage sitting in one house, and the Commons by their representatives standing below the bar."

Dodd's Manual of Dignities, &c., tit. "Parliament," p. 266.

LEGEND OF ST. KENELM—IN CLIENT COU BACHE. (Vol. v., p. 79.)

Your correspondent will find the ample story in the Golden Legend. It is related more succinctly by Roger of Wendover, who has been followed by later chroniclers. In the legend, as related by Roger of Wendover, the murder of Kenelm is said to have been miraculously notified at Rome by a white dove alighting on the altar of St. Peter's church, bearing a scroll in her bill, which she let fall. The scroll contained, among other things, the following lines:

"Qui Latine sonat (says the Chronicler) in pastum vaccarum Kenelmius regis filius jacet sub spina capite privatus."

MS. Douce, fo. 66. b.

And afterwards he says:

"Cou bache" has been erroneously printed "cou bathe;" and travestied sometimes into coubage.

Clent is the name of the place, a wood according to the Golden Legend. Bach, or Bache, is a word that had long escaped the glossarists, with the exception of Dr. Whitaker, who says it is "a Mereno-Saxon word, signifying a bottom, and that it enters into the composition of several local names in the midland counties."

The passage in Piers Ploughman, upon which this is a gloss, occurs at p. 119. of Whitaker's edition:

The word occurs several times in Layamon, and on two occasions the later text reads slade; in one passage we have it thus:

The cognate languages would have led us to a different interpretation of Bache. In Suevo-Gothic, Backe is "an ascent or descent, extremitas montes, alias crepido vel ora." Wachter has Backe; collis, tumulus; of which Bühel, collis clivus, is the diminutive still in use. In Swedish Backe, and in Danish Bakke, is a hill or rising ground; and Ray, in his Travels, has "a baich, or languet of land." There has probably been some confusion here, as well as in the two similar words dune and dene, for hill and valley.

S. W. SINGER.

The legend of the sainted King Kenelm is related at great length, and with very precise references to the various chroniclers in which it is to be found, in the 1st vol. (pp. 721-4.) of MacCabe's Catholic History of England. The Saxon couplet in which his death was announced at Rome is very neatly rendered in Butler's Lives of the Saints:—

A. M.

ISABEL, QUEEN OF THE ISLE OF MAN. (Vol. iv., p. 423.)

The lady about whom FANNY inquires, was the wife of William Lord Fitz-Warine, who died in 35 Edward III. (1361), as to whom see Dugd. Bar. i. 447. The register of interments and sepulchral inscriptions in the church of the Grey Friars, London, printed in the fifth volume of Collectanea Topogr. et Geneal. (the entry is at p. 278.), which I presume to be the authority for the statement in Knight's London, does not afford further information as to this lady, who is reckoned amongst the four queens said by Weever (following Stowe) to have been interred in this church. Mr. J. G. Nichols, in his note to the entry referred to, does not add any information about the lady Isabel.

There was a Sybil, who was daughter of William Montacute, Earl of Salisbury and King of Man and Derby, one of the most distinguished characters in the heroic age of Edward III. She married Edmund, the younger of the two sons of Edmund Earl of Arundel, by Alice, sister and heir of John, last Earl of Warren and Surrey, who died in 1347 (Dugd. Bar. i. 82.). William Montacute was created Earl of Salisbury 16th March, 1337, and died in 1343, and was entombed in the church of the Friars Carmelites, London (Weever, 437.). He was connected with the family of John Earl of Surrey, for it appears from a grant made by the king in 11 Edward III. to William Earl of Salisbury, that he was entitled in reversion to certain hereditaments then held by John de Warren, Earl of Surrey, and Joan his wife (Collect. Top. et Gen. vii. 379.). The valiant Montacute, lord of Man, did not die without heirs male, for his son William was his heir; otherwise we might have supposed the dominion of the isle to have devolved on his daughter Sybil or Isabel, who, surviving Edmund her husband, may have married the Lord Fitz-Warine. Can evidence of such connexion be found? I have not met with anything to connect his family with the lordship of the Isle of Man, and am not aware that "Isabel Queen of Man" is mentioned in any record save the sepulchral register of the Grey Friars. I wish some clue could be found to a satisfactory answer.

The other branch of the question proposed by FANNY, viz., when did the Isle of Man cease to be an independent kingdom? can be answered by a short historical statement. So early as the reign of John, its sovereigns rendered fealty and homage to the kings of England. Reginald, styled King of Man, did homage to Henry III., as appears by the extract given from the Rot. Pat. 3 Hen. III., by Selden. During a series of years previously, the kings of Man, who seem to have held this isle together with the Hebrides, had done homage to the kings of Norway, and its bishops went to Drontheim for consecration. Magnus, last sovereign of Man of the Norwegian dynasty, died in 1265. From that period the shadowy crown of Man is seen from time to time resting on lords of different races, and its descent is in many periods involved in great obscurity. After the death of Magnus, the island was seized by Alexander III. of Scotland. A daughter and heiress of Reginald sued for it against John Baliol before Edward I. of England as lord paramount of Man (Rot. Parl. 31 Edw. I.). In 35 Edw. I., we find Anthony Bek, the warlike Bishop and Count Palatine of Durham, in possession of the isle; but the king of England then claimed to resume it into his own hands, as of the ancient right of the crown. Accordingly, from sundry records it appears that Edw. II. and Edw. III. committed its custody to various persons, and the latter king at length conferred his right to it upon William Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, in consideration, probably, of that valiant Earl having by his arms regained the island from the Scots, who had resumed possession, and of the circumstance that his grandmother, the wife of Simon de Montacute, was sister and heiress of one of the former kings of Man, and related to the lady who had claimed it as her inheritance on the death of Magnus. The son and heir of the grantee sold the isle to Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire, about 16 Rich. II. In the time of Hen. IV., Sir William Scrope forfeited his possessions (Dugd. Bar. ii. 250.); and the isle again came to the crown. It was granted to Percy, Earl of Northumberland, by the service of bearing the Lancaster sword on the left shoulder of the king on the day of coronation; was forfeited by Percy; and was thereupon granted by the same king to Sir John Stanley and his heirs, under which grant the Earls of Derby succeeded during many years. It was a subject of a grant to the Stanleys by Queen Elizabeth, and of an act of parliament in the reign of James I., under which the isle became vested in the Duchess Dowager of Athol, as heir of the body of James, seventh Earl of Derby, and ultimately became vested by purchase in the crown. It may be said that during the time of authentic history, the Isle of Man was not an independent kingdom, until the regality was granted by the crown, as already mentioned.

WM. SIDNEY GIBSON.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

LONG MEG OF WESTMINSTER. (Vol. ii., pp. 131. 172.)

When I wrote my note upon Long Meg of Westminster, I was not aware of the following passage in Fuller's Worthies (Westminster, edit. 1662, p. 236.):

"As long as Megg of Westminster.—This is applyed to persons very tall, especially if they have hop-pole-height, wanting breadth proportionable thereunto. That such a gyant-woman ever was in Westminster, cannot be proved by any good witness (I pass not for a late lying pamphlet), though some in proof thereof produce her gravestone on the south-side of the cloistures, which (I confess) is as long, and large, and entire marble as ever I beheld. But be it known, that no woman in that age was interred in the cloistures, appropriated to the sepultures of the abbot and his monkes. Besides, I have read in the records of that Abby of an infectious year, wherein many monkes dyed of the plague, and were all buried in one grave; probably in this place, under this marble monument. If there be any truth in the proverb, it rather relateth to a great gun, lying in the tower, commonly call'd Long Megg; and in troublesome times (perchance upon ill May day in the raigne of King Henry the eighth), brought to Westminster, where for a good time it continued. But this Nut (perchance) deserves not the cracking."

Grose, in his Provincial Glossary, inserts among the Local Proverbs, "As Long as Megg of Westminster," with the following note:—

"This is applied to very tall slender persons. Some think it alluded to a long gun, called Megg, in troublesome times brought from the tower to Westminster, where it long remained. Others suppose it to refer to an old fictitious story of a monstrous tall virago called Long Megg of Westminster, of whom there is a small penny history, well known to school-boys of the lesser sort. In it there are many relations of her prowess. Whether there ever was such a woman or not, is immaterial; the story is sufficiently ancient to have occasioned the saying. Megg is there described as having breadth in proportion to her height. Fuller says, that the large grave-stone shown on the south side of the cloister in Westminster Abbey, said to cover her body, was, as he has read in an ancient record, placed over a number of monks who died of the plague, and were all buried in one grave; that being the place appointed for the sepulture of the abbots and monks, in which no woman was permitted to be interred."—Edit. 1811, p. 207.

I shall not enter into the question, as to whether any "tall woman" of "bad repute" was or was not buried in the cloisters of Westminster, as it is very likely to turn out, upon a little inquiry, that the original "long Meg" was a "great gun," and not a creature of flesh and blood.

"Long Meg" is also the name of a large gun preserved in the castle of Edinburgh; and, what is somewhat extraordinary, the great bombard forged for the siege of Oudenarde, in 1382, now in the city of Ghent, is called by the towns-people "Mad Meg."

A series of stones, situated upon an eminence on the east side of the river Eden, near the village of Little Salkeld, are commonly known as "Long Meg and her Daughters."

These notices, at any rate, are suggestive, and may be the means of elucidating something perhaps more worth the knowing.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

THE INTRODUCTION OF STOPS, ETC. (Vol. v., p. 1.)

My enquiry into the use of stops in the early days of typography will, if it prove nothing else, show that the Tablet of Memory is not an authority to be depended upon on that subject. I have arranged the authorities which I have consulted in chronological order.

1480. Epistola F. Philelphi ad Sextum IV., printed at Rome.

1493. Politian's Latin translation of Herodian, printed at Bologna.

In both these books the colon and period are used, but neither the comma nor semicolon.

1523. Dialogi Platonis, printed at Nuremberg.

Here I find the comma and period, and also the note of interrogation, but not the colon or semicolon.

1523. Ascensius declynsons, with the playne Expositor, without date, place, or printer's name.

This publication is ascribed by Johnson to Wynkyn de Worde, and therefore printed between 1493 and 1534. I find in it the following amusing passage relative to the ancient art of punctuation:—

"Of the Craft of Poynting.

"There be fiue maner poynts, and divisions most uside with cunnyng men: the which, if they be wel usid, make the sentens very light, and esy to understond both to the reder and the herer, and they be these: virgil, come, parenthesis, playne poynt, and interrogatif. A virgil is a sclender stryke: lenynge forwarde this wyse, betokynynge a lytyl, short rest without any perfetnes yet of sentens: as betwene the five poyntis a fore rehersid. A come is with tway tittels this wyse: betokynynge a longer reste: and the sentens yet either is imperfet: or els, if it be perfet: ther cummith more after, longyng to it: the which more comynly cannot be perfet by itself without at the lest summat of it: that gothe a fore. A parenthesis is with tway crokyd virgils: as an olde mone, and a new bely to bely: the whyche be set theton afore the begynyng, and thetother after the latyr ende of a clause; comyng within an other clause: that may be perfet: thof the clause, so comyng betwene: wer awey, and therfore it is sowndyde comynly a note lower, than the utter clause. Yf the sentens cannot be perfet without the ynner clause, then stede of the first crokyde virgil a streght virgil wol do very wel; and stede of the later must nedis be a come. A playne poynt is with won tittel this wyse. and it cumeth after the ende of al the whole sentens betokynynge a longe reste. An interrogatif is with tway tittels, the upper rysing this wyse? and it cumeth after the ende of a whole reason: wheryn ther is sum question axside. the whiche ende of the reson, triyng as it were for an answere: risyth upwarde. we have these rulis in englishe: by cause they be as profytable, and necessary to be kepte in every mother tonge, as in latyn. Sethyn we (as we wolde to god: every precher wolde do) have kept owre rulis both in owre englishe, and latyn: what nede we, sethyn owre own be sufficient unogh: to put any other exemplis."

It is evident that what the writer of this book calls the virgil, is our comma: and his come, our colon. There is nothing, however, allusive to our semicolon.

1541. Cranmer's Bible. Here we find the comma, colon, and period, and also the note of interrogation, but not the semicolon.

1597. Gerard's Herbal contains the comma, colon, semicolon, and period.

1604. First part of Shakspeare's Henry IV., 4to. Here the comma, colon, and period are used, but not the semicolon.

1631. Baker's Well-spring of Science also uses the comma, colon, and period, but not the semicolon.

1636. Record's Ground of Arts. Here all the stops now in use are found.

1639. Cockeram's English Dictionary defines the comma, colon, and period, but not the semicolon. The latter, however, is used in the preface.

1650. Moore's Arithmetic employs all the four common stops.

1670. Blount's Glossographia defines the four common stops.

Generally speaking, the stops now in use may be found in books from about 1630. So much concerning punctuation.

P. T.

PAPERS OF PERJURY. (Vol. ii., pp. 182. 316.)

Your correspondent S. R. will find that in Ireland, as well as in England, the custom prevailed, during the reign of Elizabeth, of inflicting a punishment for various crimes, by the public exposure of the delinquents with papers about their heads. The following "sentence" for adultery, which has been transcribed from the Book of the Commissioners of Ecclesiastical Causes (deposited amongst the records of the Court of Exchequer in Ireland, 1570-1574, p. 22.), goes so fully into detail, that it may supply to S. R. the graphic account which he requires:—

"First, that he (Henry Hunchcliffe) shall not come into, nor kepe, nor use the company of Constance Kyng hereafter, and shalbe bounde to the same effecte in a bond of recognizance of a 100l., otherwise to be committed to prison; there to be kept in such sort that neyther he to hir, nor she to him, shall have access in anywise. Secondlie, that upon Saterdaie next enseweing at ix of the clocke in the mornyng, he, the said Eyland, alias Hunchcliffe, shall come unto the crosse in the highe strete of Dublin, having on a white shete from his sholders downe to the ground, rounde aboute him, and a paper about his head whereupon shalbe written for adultery leavyng his wife in England alyve and marryeng wth an other here, and a white wande in his hand, and then and there goe up unto the highest staire of the crosse, and there sitte duryng all the time of the markette untill yt be ended; and furder decreed that Constance Kyng shall not hereafter in anywise resort or have accesse unto him, or kepe him company, and to performe the same they toke hir othe wch she gave upon the holie evangelists; and furder, after yt Hunchcliffe hath done his penance as above they decreed he shold goe to prison againe, there to remayne and abide untill yt shall please the commissioners to take furder order in this cause."

The book contains other entries of a similar kind.

J. F. F.

Dublin.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Rev. Thomas Adams, D.D. (Vol. v., p. 80.).

—In addition to the sermons enumerated, I possess two more in small quarto:—1. "Preached at the triennial visitation of the R. R. father in God, the Lord Bishop of London, in Christchurch: text, 15 Actes 36: London, 1625." 2. "The holy choice. at the chappell by Guildhall, at the solemnitie of the election of the Rt. Honble the Lord Maior of London: text, 1 Actes 24. 1625."

E. D.

Wiggan, John (Vol. v., p. 78.).

—John Wiggan, M.D., the editor of Aretæus (Oxon. fol. 1723), was in 1721 a student of Christ Church.

M. D.

"Poets beware!" (Vol. v., p. 78.).

—The words

are the first of a song by Thomas Haynes Bayly, written for and arranged to music by T. A. Rawlings, in The Musical Bijou for 1830, edited by F. H. Burney, published by Goulding and d'Almaine, 20. Soho Square.

E. B. R.

Traditions of Remote Periods, &c. (Vol. v., p. 77.).

—It is a well-known fact that the proud Duke of Somerset, and Prince George, his successor as a Knight of the Garter, occupied the space between 1684 and 1820. The anecdote, however, related of George IV. by your intelligent correspondent C. cannot be correct, because the blue ribbon was conferred upon Lord Moira by the Prince Regent in June, 1812, who advanced him in 1816 to the Marquisate of Hastings, and George III. did not die till 1820. The story, therefore, must belong to the period of the Regency, and not to the commencement of the reign of George IV.

BRAYBROOKE.

Audley End.

There is some error in the statement of C. George IV. succeeded to the throne 29th January, 1820, and the vacancy in the Order of the Garter occasioned by his accession he gave to the Marquess of Buckingham, who was elected 12th June that year. The Earl of Moira was elected and invested in 1812, upon the vacancy created by the death of William, fifth Duke of Devonshire, and was the third knight made during the Regency. (See Beltz's Succession of the Knights, pp. ccxi. and ccxiv.) Lord Moira never occupied the stall of George IV., which before his accession was that of Prince of Wales.

At the time of the death of the Duke of Somerset, in 1748, there were several vacancies; and on the 22d June, 1749, George Prince of Brunswick, afterwards King George III., was elected in the room of John Earl Powlett, and John Earl Granville was elected in the room of the Duke of Somerset. (See Beltz, cciii.)

G.

Heraldical MSS. of Sir Henry St. George Garter (Vol. v., p. 59.).

—M—N, in "N. & Q." of the 17th ultimo, wishes to know what became of these valuable MSS. I understand that, just before the auction at Enmore Castle in 1831, these MSS. passed into the possession of the late Sir Matthew Tierney, Bart., by private contract, or some arrangement of the kind. And most likely they now are in the possession of his brother, Sir Edward Tierney, Bart., who for a long period was the confidential friend, as well as the land and law agent of the fourth Earl of Egmont: in any case, he is the only person who can give M—N the information he requires respecting them: and, if written to on the subject, I have no doubt will communicate all he knows about him.

E. A. G.

Richmond.

Dr. John Ash (Vol. v., p. 12.).

—I am able to afford your correspondent F. RUSSELL but little information respecting Dr. John Ash; but that is authentic, being taken from an entry in his own handwriting in the Admission Book of Trinity College. It is to the following effect:

"Ego Joannes Ash, Fil Josephi Ash, gen. (generosi) de Coventria in Com. Warwick: natus ibidem annos circiter 16 admissus sum com. infer. ordinis (commersalis inferioris ordinis) sub tutamine magistri Geering 4o Die Martii, 1739-40."

There is no other John Ash admitted between 1737 and 1764; therefore it may be presumed this is the same person.

T. W.

Trin. Coll. Oxon.

P.S.—I find by the corrected list of Oxford graduates, just published, that Dr. Ash took his degrees of B.A. Oct. 21, 1743; M.A. Oct. 17, 1746; B.M. Dec. 6, 1750; D.M. July 3, 1754.

Inveni Portum (Vol. v., p. 64.).

—The words "Inveni portum" remind me of Byron's answer to a friend, who claimed his congratulations upon receiving a valuable appointment; "for," said he, "I may now say with truth, 'Portum inveni.'" "I am very glad to hear it," replied Byron, "for you have finished many bottles of mine."

NOTE.

Goldsmith (Vol. v., p. 63.).

—Thanks to your sensible correspondent A. E. B.! A true poet always puts the right word in the right place, and A. E. B.'s good taste assured him of Goldsmith's propriety.

We have it upon record, that Burke asked Goldsmith what he meant by the word "slow," in the first line of his Traveller—

"Do you mean, Dr. Goldsmith, tardiness of locomotion?" "Yes," said Goldsmith. "No!" said Johnson, "you mean no such thing, Sir. You mean vacuity of action."

A true poet ever puts the right word in the right place. A. E. B. has put the argument rightly, and it is to be regretted that he has been obliged to do so. To alter a word of Goldsmith's, is to gild refined gold.

JAMES CORNISH.

Lords Marchers (Vol. v., p. 30.).

—See Historical Account of the Principality of Wales, by Sir J. Dodridge, Kt.—Discourse against the Jurisdiction of the King's Bench over Wales; printed among Hargrave's Law Tracts. The author was Charles Pratt, Esq., afterwards Lord Chancellor Camden: see Hargr. Jurisc. Exerc., vol. ii. p. 301.—Coke, 4 Inst. 244.—Coke's Entries, 549.—Harl. MSS. 141. 1220. contain copies of A Treatise of Lordships Marchers in Wales.

H. S. M.

Foreign Ambassadors (Vol. iv., p. 442.).

—The information solicited in p. 442. has, in some degree, been subsequently given at page 477.; but, I believe, much more distinctly in the Gentleman's Magazine for November and December, 1840, so far, at least, as embracing the French ambassadors to the English court from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century. A personal account of each is there given in reply to the inquiry of Mr. John Holmes of the British Museum, and under the signature of

J. R. (Cork.)

Church, whence derived (Vol. v., p. 79.).

—Theophilus Anglicanus supplies a sufficient answer to MR. GEORGE STEPHENS' inquiries respecting the word church.

There can be no doubt about its etymology. The only question of difficulty seems to be, why did the church of Rome adopt the word ἐκκλησία from the Greeks, and not κυριακὴ? Was it that they had a word of their own, viz. Dominica? or was it, that ecclesia was already a naturalised word? However this may be, Dr. Wordsworth bases upon the fact an important argument, tending to show that the Britons did not receive their christianity in the first instance from Rome:

"We may appeal," he says (Part II. chap. ii.), "to the English word church, which is derived, as has been before said, from the Greek κυριακὴ, a term which no Roman ever applied to the church (which he called ecclesia, and by no other name); and it is not credible, that, if the British church had been derived from Rome, it should have been designated by a title alike foreign to Romans and to Britons themselves."

If this argument be of any value in relation to Britain, it (of course) would not be without its worth to those who ascribe the primary conversion of the Teutonic countries, which MR. STEPHENS mentions, to the early British and Irish missionaries.

J. SANSOM.

Cross-legged Effigies (Vol. iv., p. 382.).

—W. H. K. inquires for the latest known example of a cross-legged effigy. The latest I have met with is the very beautiful slab at Norton-Brize, Oxfordshire, to Sir John Daubigné. He appears in plate armour of the earliest kind, and wears the camail, and is surrounded by an inscription, with the date 1346. It is engraved by Skelton, and there is also an admirable woodcut of it in Boutell's Christian Monuments, part ii. p. 141., a work of which the continuation is much to be desired. That this monument was not put down in Sir John Daubigné's lifetime, and the date of his death filled up afterwards, is evident from the perfect correspondence of the costume with the date of 1346. But it is probably the last example left us of the cross-legged position, and even then out of fashion.

C. R. M.

Sir Walter Raleigh's Snuffbox (Vol. v., p. 78.).

—In answer to your question from your correspondent L. H. L. T., I have to inform you that Sir Walter Raleigh's snuffbox is in my possession. It was bought when the Duke of Sussex's collection was sold at Messrs. Christie's, in 1843, by a gentleman of the name of Lake. Mr. Lake having died, his effects were sold by Messrs. Christie, either 1849 or 1850, when it was purchased by me. Should your correspondent wish to see it, he can have the opportunity by applying as below.

R. POLWARTH.

8. Queen's Row, Pimlico.

Epigram on Erasmus (Vol. iv., p. 437.).

—I well remember to have seen this before, in one of the multiplied editions of his Colloquies which I cannot directly indicate. M. Ménage could not recollect, he says, the name of the author[1] of the following singular epigram on the same celebrated writer's character and name:—

This distich, it has been remarked, presents two obvious faults of prosodial quantity; the first syllable of bonus being made long, and the first of vermibus short, which the author explained by maintaining that the one nullified and compensated for the other, thus redeeming both.

The best epitaph on Erasmus has always appeared to me to be that of Julius Cæsar Scaliger, expressive of his regret for their long personal hostility, and then rendering ample justice to his deceased adversary. It begins thus:—

To which may be aptly applied the sentiment expressed by Corneille (Mort de Pompée, Acte V. Sc. 1.):—

To the portrait of Erasmus have been subscribed these characteristic words, "Vidit, pervidit, risit."

J. R. (Cork.)

General Wolfe (Vol. iv., p. 439.).

—To the inquiries of Ȝ. relative to General Wolfe, I can only answer that the northern English county to which his ancestor, Captain George Woulfe, made his escape in 1651 from Ireton's proscription, was understood to be Yorkshire. After his expatriation and change of religion, the family in Clare lost, in a great measure, sight of him and of his descendants, until, like Epaminondas and Nelson, crowned with victory and glory at his death.

I may be here permitted to observe that your correspondent distinguishes me as J. R. (of Cork); but, whether with the single initials, or the local addition, the signature is mine, though latterly, to avoid all mistake, I append my locality.

J. R. (Cork.)

Ghost Stories (Vol. iv., p. 5.; Vol. v., p. 89.).

—Baron Reichenbach has evidently overrated the importance of his discovery, but his system may be advantageously applied to the explanation of corpse-candles, illuminated church-yards, and other articles of Welsh and English superstition. Aubrey tells us, that "when any Christian is drowned in the river Dee, there will appear over the water where the corpse is a light, by which means they do find the body." The Welsh also to this day believe that the body of a secretly buried person may be discovered by the lambent blue flame which hovers round the grave at night.

I would also refer DR. MAITLAND to Baxter's Certainty of the World of Spirits, and the chapter on "Spectral Lights" in Mrs. Crowe's Night-side of Nature.

T. STERNBERG.

Epigram on Burnet (Vol. v., p. 58.).

—Odd enough!—at the moment when your No. 116. reached me, a volume of the State Poems was before me, in which I read the very epigram to which your correspondent alludes, where it thus stands:—

Qy. Who was Coleman?

JAMES CORNISH.

[We are indebted to another correspondent, LOUISA JULIA NORMAN, for pointing out the same epigram on Coleman in The Panorama of Wit (1809). Coleman, on whom the epigram appears to have been originally written, is obviously the Jesuit of that name executed in the reign of Charles II.]

"Son of the Morning" (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 330. 391.).

—As none of your correspondents have been able to explain the meaning of this passage in Childe Harold, I may now tell you that the phrase is an orientalism for "traveller," in allusion to their early rising to avoid the heat of the mid-day sun. Lord Byron invites the traveller to visit the ruins of Greece, but not to molest them as some former travellers had done; then he turns upon Lord Elgin, and attacks him for his misdeeds in that way.

AN OLD BENGAL CIVILIAN.

Haberdasher (Vol. ii., pp. 167. 253.).

—In Todd's edition of Johnson's Dictionary, the word haberdasher is derived from berdash, which is said "to have been a name formerly used in England for a certain kind of neck-dress, whence the maker or seller of such clothes was called a berdasher; and thence comes haberdashers." This etymology is hardly admissible. Can an early reference be given to the use of the term berdash, as an article of dress? Minsheu, Todd remarks, ingeniously deduces it from Habt ihr dass, German, Have you this? the expression of a shopkeeper offering his wares to sell. But the derivation of the term haberdasher furnished by your correspondent (Vol. ii., p. 253.) is certainly the most satisfactory.

At the end of the sixteenth century (about 1580) the shopkeepers that went under this designation dealt largely in most of the minor articles of foreign manufacture; and among the "haberdashery" of that period were "daggers, swords owches, broaches, aiglets, Spanish girdles, French cloths, Milan caps, glasses, painted cruizes, dials, tables, cards, balls, puppets, ink-horns, tooth-picks, fine earthen pots, pins and points, hawks' bells, salt-cellars, spoons, knives, and tin dishes." A yet more curious list of goods vended by the "milloners or haberdashers" who dwelt at the Royal Exchange within two or three years after it had been built, occurs in Stow's Annals by Howe (p. 869.), where we are informed that they "sould mouse-trappes, bird-cages, shooing-hornes, lanthornes, and Jew's trumpes."

The author of that curious tract, Maroccus Extaticus, 1595 (which I reprinted in the Percy Society) speaks of a "felow" loading his sleeve with "fuel from the haberdashers."

The more ancient name of these traders was milainers, an appellation derived from their dealing in merchandize chiefly imported from the city of Milan. They were also, I believe, called hurrers, from dealing in hats and caps.

It is evident, from the above, that "a retailer of goods, a dealer in small wares," is the true meaning of the word haberdasher.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

Vincent Kidder (Vol. iv., p. 502.).

—The ancestors of this personage resided at a house called the "Hole," in the parish of Maresfield. In the time of Henry VII., and earlier, they held the office of bailiffs of the Forest of Ashdown, otherwise called Lancaster Great Park. I believe that most of the existing families of Kidder are branches of this parent stock. From a branch long settled at Lewes sprang Dr. Kidder, Bishop of Bath and Wells, who lost his life in the great storm of 1703. I believe that the Irish branch had previously been settled in London. A third branch settled in the American colonies in the seventeenth century, and has produced a highly respectable and wealthy progeny still resident in the New England states, and elsewhere. I have at hand materials for a complete pedigree of the Sussex or elder line of the family, down to the time of its extinction. Perhaps your correspondent will communicate with me on this subject by a private letter.

MARK ANTONY LOWER.

Lewes.

Tripos, What is the Origin of the Term? (Vol. iv., p. 484.).

—Tripos, a long piece of white and brown paper, like that on which the commonest ballads are printed, containing Latin hexameter verses, with the author's name, &c. The Cambridge tripos, it has been conjectured, was probably in old time delivered, like the Terræ Filius, from a tripod, a three-legged stool, in humble imitation of the Delphic oracle. It is mentioned in the statute De tollendis ineptiis in publicis disputationibus,[2] an 1626—ut prævaricatores, tripodes, alii que omnes disputantes veterum academia formam, &c.

JAMES CORNISH.

Monody on the Death of Sir John Moore (Vol. i., p. 445.).

—If any person entertains a doubt that the Rev. Charles Wolfe was the author, I trust that the following statement will have the effect of removing it. In the October number of the Dublin University Magazine, 1851, there is a short biographical notice of the late much lamented Rev. Samuel O'Sullivan, which contains the following passage:

"One of his intimate acquaintances was Charles Wolfe. The exquisite lines on the burial of Sir John Moore were suggested by O'Sullivan reading to him the description in the Annual Register of the retreat from Corunna. Immediately after, the two friends went out to wander in the fields. During their ramble Wolfe was silent and moody. On their return to their College chambers he repeated the first and last stanzas of the ode that has made his name immortal."

Knowing the source from which this assertion emanates, I have no reason to suspect the veracity of the writer.

There is an additional proof, which is well worthy of being recorded in your pages, and of which I have had ocular demonstration. In the Royal Irish Academy there is an original letter, framed, in the handwriting of Wolfe, of which I send you an exact fac-simile. You will perceive that it contains a copy of the poem, and that his signature is attached to it, I need not add any more.

CLERICUS.

Dublin.

Many Children at a Birth (Vol. iii., pp. 64. 347.).

—In The Natural History of Wiltshire: by John Aubrey, F.R.S., edited by John Britton, Esq., is the following passage:

"At Wishford Magna is an inscription to Thomas Bonham and Edith his wife, who died 1473 and 1469. Mrs. Bonham had two children at one birth the first time; and he being troubled at it, travelled, and was absent seven years. After his returne, she was delivered of seven children at one birth. In this parish is a confident tradition that these seven children were all baptized at the font in this church, and that they were brought thither in a kind of chardger, which was dedicated to this church, and hung on two nailes, which are to be seen there yet, neer the belfree on the south side. Some old men are yet living that doe remember the chardger. This tradition is entred into the Register-booke there, from whence I have taken this narrative," 1659.—See Hoare's Modern Wilts, p. 49. J. B.

The following is also from the same book:

"Dr. Wm. Harvey, author of The Circulation of the Blood, told me that one Mr. Palmer's wife, in Kent, did beare a child every day for five daies together."

C. DE D.

"O Leoline," &c. (Vol. v., p. 78.).

—If no one sends in better information, I beg to inform H. B. C. that I have had the lines he alludes to for many years in MS. as the composition of Aaron Hill. He was a dramatist, but I observe that the Cyclopædia says only two of his dramatic pieces are now remembered, Algira and Zara, both of them adaptations from Voltaire. He was born 1684, and died 1750. My verses differ slightly from the version of H. B. C.

HERMES.

[O. P. W. has forwarded a similar reference to Aaron Hill.]

The Ballad on the Rising of the Vendee (Vol. iv., p. 473.).

—It is by Smythe, the member for Canterbury, and was published in his Historic Fancies.

R. D. H.

House at Welling (Vol. iv., p. 502.).

—Your correspondent appears to have made a confusion between Welling in Kent and Welwyn in Herts. Of this latter place Young, the author of the Night Thoughts, was rector, and the house in which he resided is now standing.

A. W. H.

Pharetram de Tutesbit (Vol. iv., p. 316.).

—Pharetram de Tutesbit must be a quiver manufactured by a person of the name of Tutesbit. This indeed is conjecture, as I have not been able to find any allusion to the word; but it does not appear that there is any place of that name.

Flectatas sagittas may be translated arrows ready dressed, or fletched. A flecher is one who fashions and prepares arrows; hence the common use of the word as a proper name now-a-days.

H. G. R.

Preston.

Ruffles, when worn (Vol. v., p. 12.).

—These appendages to our ancient costume were originally termed handruffs. They may be traced in some of our early monumental effigies. The earliest written notice of them, that I remember, is in the following extract from an inventory of Henry VIII.'s apparel quoted by Strutt:

"One payer of sleves, passed over the arme with gold and silver, quilted with black silk, and ruffled at the hand with strawberry leaves and flowers of gold, embroidered with black silk."

In the reign of Elizabeth, the handruffs are seen pleated and edged with rich lace; and in the three succeeding reigns, they were generally worn of fine lawn or cambric. When the Hanoverian race ascended the English throne, many changes took place in the national costume; but the ruffle was retained, and continued during the century.

Some of your readers may recollect the print of Garrick's Macbeth, with cocked hat of the last London cut, bag-wig, full court dress and ruffles!

In 1762, the rage for large ruffles was beginning to decline. A writer in the London Chronicle for that year (p. 167.) says (speaking of the gentlemen's dress):—

"Their cuffs cover entirely their wrists, and only the edge of their ruffles are to be seen; as if they lived in the slovenly days of Lycurgus, when every one was ashamed to show clean linen."

The French Revolution of 1789 very much influenced the English fashions in costume; the cocked-hat and ruffles were discarded to make room for the ugly "round hat" and "small cuffs" of the Parisian butchers.

It would be difficult to fix upon the period for the total disuse of any particular fashion. Fashions of a "hundred years ago" may still be seen in some of our country churches; and I should not be surprised to find ruffles among their number.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

Allen of Rossull (Vol. v., p. 11.).

—There seems some little doubt about the arms of Allen of Rossull. A MS. at Burton Constable, Yorkshire, gives the following as the arms of the family:—Allen, Rossall (not Rossull, though sometimes Rushall, Rossal, &c.): argent, a chevron engrailed azure, between three griffins' heads erased; on a chief of the second an anchor, or, between two bezants.

The windows of Ushaw College, Durham, however, frequently present a coat far different from this, surmounted by a cardinal's hat. The arms there are Argent, a cross gules for the college of Douay;—impaling for the founder, William Allen, argent, three conies in pale sejant, sable. The first seems to have belonged to the family; the last—if assumed by the cardinal himself—seem singularly indicative of his peculiar propensity for endeavouring to undermine sound doctrine by his heretical works and acts.

G. S. A.

Serjeants' Rings (Vol. v., pp. 59. 92. 110.).

—The happiest motto which comes to my recollection is that adopted by the first serjeants who were called after the decision of the Court of Common Pleas in January, 1840, overturning the warrant issued by King William IV., which opened the court to all members of the bar. Five new serjeants were then called, who gave rings with this motto, in allusion to the restoration of their rights:—

Is your correspondent E. N. W. right as to Serjeant Onslow's motto? As all the serjeants called at the same time have the same motto inscribed on the rings they respectively give, it is not likely, if others were joined in the same call with him, that a motto should have been adopted which applied only to one of the number. If indeed he happened to be called alone, it is possible he may have used it; but I am inclined to think E. N. W. has confounded the motto of the family with that of the serjeant.

EDWARD FOSS.

Clerical Members of Parliament (Vol. v., p. 11.).

—John Horne Tooke, the reformer, who was in priest's orders, having been presented to the borough of Old Sarum by Lord Camelford, in February, 1801, an act was passed (41. Geo. III. c. 73.) to exclude the clergy from parliament; but as it did not vacate the seat of any member then elected, Mr. Tooke remained in the house till the dissolution in June, 1802. In the course of the debate, the case of Mr. Edward Rushworth, member for Newport, in the Isle of Wight, in 1784, was referred to. He was in deacon's orders, and a petition presented against his return, but was allowed to retain his seat. He is supposed to have been one of the two ministers of the Church of England alluded to by Sir James Johnstone in his speech in the debate on the Test and Corporation Acts, 8th May, 1789, as then being members of the House.

W. S. S.

Cabal (Vol. iv., pp. 443. 507.).

—The following extract from a curious book in my possession, entitled Theophania; or severall Modern Histories represented by way of Romance (see "N. & Q." Vol. i., p. 174.), shows a much earlier use of this word than that of Burnet's. The date of Theophania is 1655:

"He was at length taken prisoner, and, as a sure token of an entire victory, sent with a strong guard into Sicily; where Glaucus and Pausanias, fearing time might mitigate the queen's indignation, caused his process to be presently dispatched; and the judges, being all of the same Cabal, without consideration of his many glorious achievements, they condemned him to an ignominious death."—Theophania, p. 147.

T. HENRY KERSLEY, B.A.

Latin Verse on Franklin (Vol. iv., p. 443.; Vol. v., p. 17.).

—The line on Franklin—

was written by Turgot, Louis XVI.'s minister and controller-general of finance. This verse, however, so happily applied to the American philosopher and statesman's double title to renown, is merely the modification of one in the Anti-Lucretius of Cardinal Polignac, the 37th of the first book, "Eripuitgue Jovi fulmen, Phœboque sagittas," which again had for its model that of Marcus Manilius, a poet of the Augustan age. It is the 104th of his Astronomicon, where he says of Epicurus (lib. v.), "Eripuitque Jovi fulmen, viresque Tonanti." This appears to be the original source of the phrase, so far as I could trace it. Turgot, though highly appreciated by his sovereign, and promoted to the prime ministry in consequence, was only suffered to hold the responsible situation for a short time, from August, 1774, to May, 1776, when he fell a sacrifice to court intrigues, which the weak king had not the energy to resist, while emphatically saying, "Il n'y a que Turgot et moi qui aimions le peuple." This eminent statesman's advocacy of the freedom of commerce, state economy, and general liberty of the subject, exposed him not only to courtly but to popular hostility. The French were certainly ill prepared for such innovations on their policy or habits, nor, I may add, even now, notwithstanding the constantly alternating schemes of government, from despotic to constitutional, in the long interposed period, do they appear fully to appreciate, or anxious to introduce these desirable improvements.

J. R. (Cork.)

Job (Vol. v., p. 26.).

—The Rev. T. R. BROWNE interprets one of the Persepolitan inscriptions as representing the coronation and titles of Job. As no previous commentator had supposed Job to be a Persian prince, and as (among other unexpected results) it would follow that the poem bearing his name was a translation into Hebrew by some unknown hand, I hastened at once to the Bodleian to examine the authorities on which MR. BROWNE bases his interpretation.

On one glance at the work cited (Kaempferi Amœnitatum Exoticarum Fasciculi V.) it was plain enough that Kaempfer had made his transcription so carelessly, that barely one letter in a hundred was correct; and, on turning to Niebuhr's copy of the same inscription (plate xxiv. A.), and to Porter's (vol. i. plate xliv. p. 631.), my suspicions were amply confirmed. But the most singular part was to come. Aided by the minute identifications which MR. BROWNE gives of the words which he translates, Aiub taij, I discovered that the reverend gentleman had mistaken two letters for two words. His whole theory, therefore, falls to the ground.

As some of your readers may like to know the real interpretation of this inscription, I give the translation of Rawlinson as amended from Westergaard's notes, and which is undoubtedly correct:

"The great God Ormazd, who has given this world, who has given that heaven, who has given mankind, who has given life to mankind; who has made Xerxes king, both the king of the people, and the law-giver of the people. I am Xerxes the king, the great king, the king of kings, the king of many-peopled countries, the supporter also of this great world, the son of King Darius the Achæmenian," &c.

RECHABITE.

Poniatowski Gems (Vol. v., pp. 30. 65.).

—I thank M—N for his note, but it does not at all afford the information I seek. My Query referred to the original sale in London of the gems. Lord Monson's collection, to which M—N refers, was, I believe, purchased by his lordship from a dealer who bought them at the original sale, the date of which I seek.

A. O. O. D.

Sleck Stone, Meaning of (Vol. iii., p. 241.; Vol. iv., p. 394.).

—The expression sleck-stone has, I think twice, been spoken of in "N. & Q." as equivalent to whet-stone: this is a mistake. The first word is possibly misprinted in the work in which it is found, but at all events the thing intended is a sleek-stone (Old Fr. Calendrine) an implement formerly used by calendrers; often, if not always, made of glass, and in shape much like a large mushroom: it is used reversed, the stalk forming the handle. Those which I have seen were about four inches in diameter, some more and some less. Sleek-stones are now, I believe, entirely superseded by machinery.

R. C. H.

Bishop Bridgeman (Vol. v., p. 80.).

—The matriculation registers of the University of Cambridge, could MR. CLAY ascertain the year Bridgeman entered (and this might be found by searching them), will give his age at that time, the Christian names of his parents, and their place of residence. I do not know whether it is the case at Cambridge, but at Oxford one has to pay half a guinea for an extract from the archives. Surely these important records should be more accessible to the student in this respect.

CRANMORE.

Bow Bell (Vol. v., p. 28.).

—In Eastward Hoe, by Ben Jonson, John Marston, and George Chapman, printed 1605, Girtred, the proud daughter of the citizen Touchstone (Act I. Sc. 1.), taunts her modest sister Mildred, who is endeavoring to check her arrogant manner, with the scornful expression "Bow Bell!" evidently intending to reproach her as a Cockney. She afterwards asks her intended husband, Sir Petronel Flash, to carry her out of the scent of Newcastle coal and the hearing of Bow Bell.

W. S. S.

Fees for Inoculation (Vol. iv., p. 231.).

—For the information of R. W. B. I beg to send you the following extract from the vestry-book of this parish:

"22 Jan. 1772.

"It is further ordered that such of the poor persons belonging to this parish who like to be inoculated for the small-pox may be inoculated at the expence of this parish, not exceeding five shillings and threepence each person, provided it is done within six weeks of the date hereof. And that each person to be inoculated shall first produce a certificate under the hands of one justice and one churchwarden to the inoculating surgeon, and that the parish shall not pay for any one inoculated without such certificate of the person belonging to Maidstone."

JOHN BRANFILL HARRISON.

Maidstone.

Salting of Infants (Vol. v., p. 76.).—

"Thou wast not salted at all."

"Et saliendo non salita eras."

"Tenera infantium corpora dum adhuc uteri calorem tenent, et primo vagitu laboriosæ vitæ testantur exordia, solent ab obstetricibus sale contingi, ut sicciora sint et restringantur."—Hieronymus.

"Observat et Galenus De Sanit., i. 7.: 'Sale modico insperso cutem infantis densiorem solidioremque reddi.'"—Rosenmuller ad locum.

C. B.

Age of Trees (Vol. v., p. 8.).

—Living near the Forest of Dean, I wish to state that it is not known that any trees exist there which can possibly be of anything approaching to the age of Edward III.; that the word forbid savours of a reservation of timber for the use of the mines, if the privileges of the free-miners can really be carried back to that time. The intelligence in Pepys was derived from Sir John Winter, the person who bought the whole forest in perpetuity from Charles I., but was allowed by Charles II. only to make the most of it he could in his own time. Some trees may have survived the smash which he made, but they must either have been young, or worthless from age or decay.

C. B.

Objective and Subjective (Vol. v., p. 11.).

—I would beg to refer X. to the first of the five Sermons by W. H. Mill, D.D., preached before the University of Cambridge, in Lent, 1844. When he has carefully perused it, he will be enlightened as to the precise meaning of the terms objective and subjective; being made aware that there is one great object of faith, though, with some writers, the subject, man, may be made the most prominent. X. will there find that what he styles "exoteric jargon" has, in the hands of so judicious a writer and so excellent a divine as Dr. Mill, been "translated into intelligible English."

J. H. M.

Parish Registers (Vol. v., p. 36.).

—I am sorry not to be able to agree with MR. CHADWICK in thinking "that no fee is legally payable for searching the register-books of baptisms and burials, nor even for making a copy," &c. It is quite certain that even parishioners have no right to inspect the parish books, except for ordinary parochial purposes. In the case of Rex v. Smallpiece, 2 Chitt. Rep. 288., Lord Tenterden said, "I know of no rule of law which requires the parish officers to show the books, in order to gratify the curiosity of a private individual." Therefore the "genealogical or archæological inquirer" has in general no right to inspect, much less copy the register-books: consequently he must pay the fees demanded for being allowed to do so.

J. G.

Temple.

"'Tis Tuppence now," &c. (Vol. iv., pp. 314. 372.).

—The lines quoted by FANNY I immediately recognised as Thomas Ingoldsby's. On the appearance of REMIGUS' Query, I looked through the Ingoldsby Legends as the most likely place to find the lines in, but failed, in consequence of an alteration of the last stanza, which in my edition (the third, 1842) runs thus:

ED. S. JACKSON.

Saffron Walden.

Chatterbox (Vol. iv., p. 344.).

—I doubt whether your correspondent J. M. will succeed in limiting the term chatter-box to the female sex. His rendering buxom by womanly will hardly stand the test of criticism. In the old matrimonial service, as elsewhere, it originally signified obedient, compliant, and was equivalent to the German biegsam. It was applied indifferently to men and women. Thus, in Chaucer's Shipmanne's Tale—

And in the Clerke's Tale, speaking of the vassals,

The peasantry in Cheshire, instead of chatter-box, say chatter-basket.

E. A.

Churchill the Poet (Vol. v., p. 74.).

—If Churchill was, as C.R. states, "already imprudently married," how could he be eligible to a scholarship in Trinity? I believe, in Churchill's days, a Westminster scholar was entitled, as of course, to a Fellowship in Trinity. Married men, as undergraduates, are, I suspect, of recent date in the universities, even as Fellow Commoners or Pensioners.

J.H.L.

Hieroglyphics of Vagrants and Criminals (Vol. v., p. 79.).

—Consult Mayhew's London Labour and London Poor for an elucidation of these signs.

CRANMORE.

Paring the Nails (Vol. iii., p. 462.).

—The following Rabbinical quotation on the subject of paring the nails, is certainly curious as bearing on the superstitions connected with the nails:

"Ungues comburit sanctus; justus sepelit eos; impius vero spargit in publicum, ut maleficæ iis abutantur."

Nidda, 17. 1.

W. FRASER.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Murray's Official Handbook of Church and State, containing the Names, Duties, and Powers of the principal Civil, Military, Judicial, and Ecclesiastical Authorities of the United Kingdom and Colonies; with Lists of the Members of the Legislature, Peers, Baronets, &c., is, as to its objects, sufficiently described by its ample title-page. An examination of its pages will show the great amount of information illustrative of the rise, nature, and peculiar duties of the numerous branches of the executive government of this vast empire, which the editor justly claims the credit of having sought for from various sources, and now for the first time gathered together. It must soon, therefore, find its way on to the desks of all men in office—not indeed as superseding the old Red Books and Official Calendars—but as an indispensable companion to them.

When speaking of the translation of Huc's Travels in Tartary, Thibet, and China, which we noticed some few weeks since, we gave our readers the best possible evidence of the value of the work. That Messrs. Longman have done wisely in including a condensed translation of these interesting Recollections of a Journey through Tartary, Thibet, and China, from the practised pen of Mrs. Percy Sinnett, in their Traveller's Library, we cannot therefore doubt; and we shall be much surprised if the book does not prove to be one of the most popular in the admirable series of which it forms the 14th and 15th Parts.

By way of answering the inquiry of a correspondent, and for the purpose of forwarding the very admirable and important objects of The Chronological Institute, we have procured a copy of the prospectus which has been circulated by its projectors, and have inserted it in full in our advertising columns.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

FIELDING'S WORKS. 14 Vols. 1808. Vol XI. [Being 2nd of Amelia].

SHADWELL. Vols. II. and IV. 1720.

ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON. Vol. IV. 1819.

BARONETAGE. Vol. I. 1720. Ditto. Vols. I. and II. 1727.

CHAMBERLAYNE'S PHARONNIDA. (Reprint.) Vols. I. and II. 1820.

HOLCROFT'S LAVATER. Vol. I. 1789.

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. Vol. I. Third edition, published in 1794, Edinburgh, for A. Bell.

DRECHSLERUS DE LARVIS. Lipsiæ, 1674.

GIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Vol. II. Dublin. Luke White. 1789.

ELSLEY ON THE GOSPEL AND ACTS. London, 1833. Vol. I.

SPENSER'S WORKS. Pickering's edition, 1839. Sm. 8vo. Vol. V.

WHARTON'S ANGLIA SACRA. Fol. Vol. II.

ARISTOPHANES, Bekker. (5 Vols. edit.) Vol. II. London, 1829.

LYDGATE'S BOKE OF TROYE. 4to. 1555. (Any fragment.)

COLERIDGE'S TABLE TALK. Vol. I. Murray. 1835.

THE BARBERS (a poem), by W. Hutton. 8vo. 1793. (Original edition, not the fac-simile.)

THE DOCTRINE AND PRACTICE OF THE CHURCH OF ROME TRULY REPRESENTED, by Edw. Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester, edited by William Cunningham, Min. Edinburgh.

A CATECHISM TRULY REPRESENTING THE DOCTRINES AND PRACTICES OF THE CHURCH OF ROME, with an Answer to them, by John Williams, M.A.

DODD'S CERTAMEN UTRIUSQUE ECCLESIÆ; or a List of all the Eminent Writers, Catholics and Protestants, since the Reformation. 1724.

THE SALE CATALOGUE of J.T. Brockett's Library of British and Foreign History, &c. 1823.

DODD'S APOLOGY FOR THE CHURCH HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 1742. 12mo.

SPECIMENS FOR AMENDMENTS FOR DODD'S CHURCH HISTORY, 1741. 12mo.

JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (Several Copies are wanting, and it is believed that many are lying in London or Dublin.)

CH. THILLON (DE HALLE) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APOCRYPHES. Leipsic, 1832.

THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED, ETC. 4to. 1726.

A SERMON preached at Fulham in 1810 by the Rev. JOHN OWEN of Paglesham, on the death of Mrs. Prowse, Wicken Park, Northamptonshire (Hatchard).

FÜSSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTRÄGE ZUR ERLÄUTERUNG DER KIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES, 5 Vols. Zurich. 1741.

VERUS CHRISTIANUS, OR DIRECTIONS FOR PRIVATE DEVOTIONS, &c., with Appendix, by David Stokes. Oxford, 1668.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

A. W. H. Bishop Jewel's well-known Apology is no doubt the work referred to.

N. J. B. We cannot undertake to insert Queries on points of law.

X. G. X., who inquires how the word "premises" came to be used of a house and its adjuncts, is referred to our 4th Vol. p. 487.

S. K. (North Wilts). Lord Stair not the executioner of Charles I. See Answer to Correspondents last week.

R. D. H. We are not aware of any cheap ANNUAL REGISTER, unless The Household Narrative of Current Events (published monthly in twopenny numbers, and in annual volumes at three shillings) may be so considered. It is a work executed with great ability, and written in the lively style which our correspondent so desires.

G. P. P. We cannot trace the queries respecting De Pratelli's and Prestwich's Republica as having been received by us.

A. A. D. The book referred to was Whitaker's.

G. W. R. Manlove's Rhymed Chronicle is published by Shaw and Sons, Fetter Lane, and noticed by us in our Notes on Books, &c., No. 116. The addition of the price to our Notices of New Books would convert such notices into advertisements, and render them liable to the duty.

EVANS' BALLADS may be had on application to the publisher.

J. B. HARRISON. The writer of the tract, The Holy Table, Name and Thing, has clearly mistaken Dover for Canterbury, called Dorobernia by Bede and the early chroniclers. St. Augustine's Abbey was originally consecrated to St. Peter and St. Paul.

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THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for FEBRUARY 1852, contains: 1. Alfred and his place in the History of England. 2. Wanderings of an Antiquary, by Thomas Wright, F.S.A. Roman Cities on the Welsh Border (with Engravings). 3. A Paper on Puppets. 4. Letters of Mrs. Piozzi, on her Anecdotes of Johnson. 5. Ulrich von Hutten, Part VI. 6. Skirmish at Penrith in 1745. 7. The Life of T. Stothard, R.A. 8. Letter of Lord Byron, denying the Authorship of The Vampire. 9. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Whifflers in Norwich and in London (with Engravings). Baronial Title granted to a Portuguese by Charles II. The ancient Timber Houses of Coventry. Palimpsest Sepulchral Brass found at Norwich. The OBITUARY contains Memoirs of 1. The Earl of Suffolk; 2. Sir John Cope, Bart.; 3. Sir John Gladstone, Bart.; 4. Sir W. B. Cooke, Bart.; 5. General Sir F. P. Robinson; 6. Lieut. Gen. Sir G. A. Quentin; 7. Rear-Adm. Daly; 8. Matthias Attwood, Esq.; 9. Charles Hoare, Esq.; 10. Rev. Dr. Sadleir, Provost of Dublin; 11. Rev. Mr. Canon Tyler; 12. Rev. Dr. Ellerton; 13. Professor Dunbar of Edinburgh; 14. Mr. Russell of Birmingham; 15. J. M. W. Turner, R.A.; 16. R. C. Taylor, Esq.; 17. Mr. Hudson Turner, &c. &c.

J. B. NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street.

The very interesting and curious Library of the Hon. Archd. FRASER, of Lovat (decd.), son of the celebrated Simon, Lord Lovat.

MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY AND JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, February 9th, 1852, and Three following Days, at One o'Clock precisely, a Valuable Portion of the Singularly Curious Library of the Hon. Archd. FRASER, of Lovat, LL.D., F.R.S., and F.S.A. (deceased), son of the celebrated Simon, Lord Lovat. This collection includes, among other rare and interesting volumes, Caxton, the Book of the Order of Chyualry, printed by Caxton about 1484, one of the rarest productions from his press, only three other copies being known; a very interesting copy of the Works of Ben Jonson, having an Unpublished Poem in his Autograph, inscribed to his patron, Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset; Le Jardin de Plaisance et Fleur de Rethoricque, fine copy in old russia of an interesting and rare Collection of Popular French Histories, Ballads, &c.; Herrera, Historia General de los Hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme, fine copy of the original edition, complete; Mandeville's Travels to Jerusalem, a very rare and early edition; La Mer des Histoires, first edition, 1488; Barcia, Historiadores Primitivos de las Indias Occidentales, 3 tom. scarce; Castelli Lexicon Heptaglotton, uncut; Poliphili Hypnerotomachia, fine copy of the first and rare edition; many rare and early Works on America; curious Voyages and Travels, Histories, &c.; rare and interesting early English Theology; Books of Prayers, Breviaries, Catechisms, Psalms, &c.; some good Specimens from the Presses of Wynkyn de Worde, Pynson, and others; interesting Works on Machinery and Science; a singular collection of rare Facetiæ. To be viewed on the Friday and Saturday prior, and Catalogues had; if in the country, on receipt of six postage stamps.

Now ready, Price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by Special Permission to

THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music Warehouses.

"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our Church and Cathedral Service."—Times.

"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this country."—Literary Gazette.

"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."—Musical World.

"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto appeared."—John Bull.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Also, lately published,

J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2s.

C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.

Now ready, Second Edition, cloth 1s., by post 1s. 6d.,

WELSH SKETCHES (chiefly Ecclesiastical) to the Close of the Twelfth Century. By the Author of "Proposals for Christian Union."

"He presents us, in brief, with a very interesting account of that ancient Church, and of the nation in the Pagan ages before its establishment."—The Guardian.

"A refreshing little work, full of information relative to the early history of Wales, entirely free from prejudice, and written in an attractive and popular style, as is the case with all the author's productions."—Archæologia Cambrensis.

London: JAMES DARLING, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's-inn-fields.

Just published, 8vo. cloth, pp. 240, price 10s. 6d. handsomely printed on fine paper at the Dublin University Press,

THE UNRIPE WINDFALLS IN PROSE AND VERSE of JAMES HENRY, M.D.

CONTENTS: Miscellaneous Poems; Criticism on the style of Lord Byron, in a Letter to the Editor of "Notes and Queries"; Specimen of Virgilian Commentaries; Specimen of a New Metrical Translation of the Eneis.

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ADDRESS

OF THE

CHRONOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

OF LONDON.

In the present state of human knowledge, there are few sciences in which so great difficulties appear, or so great differences of opinion prevail, among the principal authors who have treated of it, as in Chronology. It hath been justly styled "one of the eyes" of History: yet its vision is indistinct, with regard to many of its most important objects. So far as it is a mathematical science, it is capable of the utmost exactness; but the historical data, on which its calculations must depend, are not yet sufficiently ascertained and collected for that purpose. Hence the imperfect and unsatisfactory state of this useful science.

The application of the principle of the division of labour hath caused the establishment of various societies, for the special cultivation and promotion of distinct branches of science. Among these, Geography, "the other eye" of History, hath long enjoyed the advantage of a public institution. Astronomy also, which more than any other science, except History, is connected with Chronology, hath obtained the like distinction; notwithstanding the fact that the most important discoveries of modern astronomers had been as by a peculiar prerogative, communicated to the Royal Society, the noble parent of literary and scientific societies in this country. Chronology indeed, if regarded as a branch of historical science, finds a home in the institutions which are devoted to archæology: but so far as it may be considered mathematical, it meets with little or no attention among associated antiquaries.

Although there exist numerous works, in every department of Chronological inquiry, and in various languages, yet some few only of them are generally known to chronological students. To collect, arrange, and describe them is highly desirable: for the world hath not, as yet, been presented with the bibliography of this science. Hence the imperfections and errors which exist in the greater part of modern publications on this subject.

To promote, therefore, a more comprehensive acquaintance with chronological literature, and a more exact study of this science, both historically and mathematically, as well as to establish a medium of intercommunication among Chronologers and other studious and learned persons throughout the world, and by such means to enlarge the compass of comparative Chronology, this Institute hath been founded; and the friendly co-operation is invited of all persons who are interested in this science, whether their predilections be in favour of its astronomical, or its antiquarian departments: in short, whether they be Bibliographers, Critics, Historians, or Philosophers.

The Chronological Institute was founded at the winter solstice of 1850, and already numbers among its Members, several Antiquaries, Astronomers, Archivists, and Authors. The annual subscription is five shillings, without at present any admission fee.

Ladies and gentlemen, desirous of becoming Ordinary Members, are requested to send their names and address, with their literary, scientific, or official descriptions, to any one of the officers, by whom they will be duly laid before the council: and, if approved, their election will be notified to them.

Eminent foreign scholars, and men of science, known to be conversant with Chronology, will be requested to accept diplomas, and to render their valuable aid by correspondence with the Institute.

CONSTITUTION AND OBJECT.

I. That the Chronological Institute of London shall consist of a Treasurer, Secretary, and Registrar, and (when deemed expedient) of a President; also of a Council, and other Members.

II. That the Members shall be either Ordinary or Honorary: the former contributing to the support, and having a voice in the government of the Institute; the latter not having such obligation.

III. That the object of the Institute shall be to promote Chronological Science, by literary contributions, by collecting and diffusing information, by interchange of correspondence, by lectures on Chronology and its various branches and applications, and by the publication or encouragement of Chronological works.

London, 22d December, 1851.

OFFICERS AND COUNCIL, 1851-2.

Treasurer—John Lee, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., &c., Doctors' Commons, London, and Hartwell, Bucks.

Registrar—Sir William Betham, Knt., M.R.I.A., &c., Ulster King at Arms, Dublin Castle.

Secretary—William Henry Black, Assistant Keeper of the Public Records, Rolls House, London.

Council.

William Camps, Esq., M.D., London.

Louis A. Chamerovzow, Esq., Camberwell.

J. R. Hind Esq., F.R.S., Sec. R.A.S., St. John's Wood.

Rev. Thomas Pyne, M.A., Kingston-on-Thames.

William Rutter, Esq., F.R.A.S., Inner Temple.

Rev. Joseph Turnbull, B.A., Kentish Town.

Members. (Those marked with a star are Honorary Members.)

Bell (William), Esq., Ph.D., &c., London.

Bohn (Henry G.), Esq., London.

Brewster (Sir David), Knt., F.R.S., &c. Edinburgh.

*Broch (Dr. O. J.), Christiania.

Camps (Miss), Wilburton.

*Creizenach (Dr. Theodor), Frankfort-on-the-Maine.

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Hardy (Thomas Duffus), Esq., Tower of London.

Haydn (Joseph), Esq., London.

*Lange (Chr.) Christiania.

Lee (Mrs.), Doctors' Commons, and Hartwell.

Murdon (Rev. Benjamin), M.A., Islington.

Slater (Mrs.), St. John's Wood.

*Weber (Dr. George), Heidelberg.

White (Alfred), Esq., Islington.

Wilkinson (Robert), Esq., Totteridge.

This day, 8vo., 8s. 6d.

HISTORY OF TRIAL BY JURY. By WILLIAM FORSYTH, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; and Author of Hortensius.

London: JOHN W. PARKER AND SON, West Strand.

MR. ROEBUCK'S NEW WORK.

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HISTORY OF THE WHIG MINISTRY OF 1830. By J. A. ROEBUCK, M.P. Vols. I. & II.—to the passing of the Reform Bill.

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THOMAS HEYWOOD'S DRAMATIC WORKS, Vol. II.: containing Six Plays, with Introductions and Notes, by J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq. Uniform with Collier's Shakspeare, Gifford's Ben Jonson, and Dyce's Beaumont and Fletcher.

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Notes and Queries Vol. I.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. I No. 1 November 3, 1849. Pages 1 - 17 PG # 8603

Vol. I No. 2 November 10, 1849. Pages 18 - 32 PG # 11265

Vol. I No. 3 November 17, 1849. Pages 33 - 46 PG # 11577

Vol. I No. 4 November 24, 1849. Pages 49 - 63 PG # 13513

Vol. I No. 5 December 1, 1849. Pages 65 - 80 PG # 11636

Vol. I No. 6 December 8, 1849. Pages 81 - 95 PG # 13550

Vol. I No. 7 December 15, 1849. Pages 97 - 112 PG # 11651

Vol. I No. 8 December 22, 1849. Pages 113 - 128 PG # 11652

Vol. I No. 9 December 29, 1849. Pages 130 - 144 PG # 13521

Vol. I No. 10 January 5, 1850. Pages 145 - 160 PG #

Vol. I No. 11 January 12, 1850. Pages 161 - 176 PG # 11653

Vol. I No. 12 January 19, 1850. Pages 177 - 192 PG # 11575

Vol. I No. 13 January 26, 1850. Pages 193 - 208 PG # 11707

Vol. I No. 14 February 2, 1850. Pages 209 - 224 PG # 13558

Vol. I No. 15 February 9, 1850. Pages 225 - 238 PG # 11929

Vol. I No. 16 February 16, 1850. Pages 241 - 256 PG # 16193

Vol. I No. 17 February 23, 1850. Pages 257 - 271 PG # 12018

Vol. I No. 18 March 2, 1850. Pages 273 - 288 PG # 13544

Vol. I No. 19 March 9, 1850. Pages 289 - 309 PG # 13638

Vol. I No. 20 March 16, 1850. Pages 313 - 328 PG # 16409

Vol. I No. 21 March 23, 1850. Pages 329 - 343 PG # 11958

Vol. I No. 22 March 30, 1850. Pages 345 - 359 PG # 12198

Vol. I No. 23 April 6, 1850. Pages 361 - 376 PG # 12505

Vol. I No. 24 April 13, 1850. Pages 377 - 392 PG # 13925

Vol. I No. 25 April 20, 1850. Pages 393 - 408 PG # 13747

Vol. I No. 26 April 27, 1850. Pages 409 - 423 PG # 13822

Vol. I No. 27 May 4, 1850. Pages 425 - 447 PG # 13712

Vol. I No. 28 May 11, 1850. Pages 449 - 463 PG # 13684

Vol. I No. 29 May 18, 1850. Pages 465 - 479 PG # 15197

Vol. I No. 30 May 25, 1850. Pages 481 - 495 PG # 13713

Notes and Queries Vol. II.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. II No. 31 June 1, 1850. Pages 1- 15 PG # 12589

Vol. II No. 32 June 8, 1850. Pages 17- 32 PG # 15996

Vol. II No. 33 June 15, 1850. Pages 33- 48 PG # 26121

Vol. II No. 34 June 22, 1850. Pages 49- 64 PG # 22127

Vol. II No. 35 June 29, 1850. Pages 65- 79 PG # 22126

Vol. II No. 36 July 6, 1850. Pages 81- 96 PG # 13361

Vol. II No. 37 July 13, 1850. Pages 97-112 PG # 13729

Vol. II No. 38 July 20, 1850. Pages 113-128 PG # 13362

Vol. II No. 39 July 27, 1850. Pages 129-143 PG # 13736

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Vol. II No. 43 August 24, 1850. Pages 193-207 PG # 13406

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Vol. II No. 45 September 7, 1850. Pages 225-240 PG # 13427

Vol. II No. 46 September 14, 1850. Pages 241-256 PG # 13462

Vol. II No. 47 September 21, 1850. Pages 257-272 PG # 13936

Vol. II No. 48 September 28, 1850. Pages 273-288 PG # 13463

Vol. II No. 49 October 5, 1850. Pages 289-304 PG # 13480

Vol. II No. 50 October 12, 1850. Pages 305-320 PG # 13551

Vol. II No. 51 October 19, 1850. Pages 321-351 PG # 15232

Vol. II No. 52 October 26, 1850. Pages 353-367 PG # 22624

Vol. II No. 53 November 2, 1850. Pages 369-383 PG # 13540

Vol. II No. 54 November 9, 1850. Pages 385-399 PG # 22138

Vol. II No. 55 November 16, 1850. Pages 401-415 PG # 15216

Vol. II No. 56 November 23, 1850. Pages 417-431 PG # 15354

Vol. II No. 57 November 30, 1850. Pages 433-454 PG # 15405

Vol. II No. 58 December 7, 1850. Pages 457-470 PG # 21503

Vol. II No. 59 December 14, 1850. Pages 473-486 PG # 15427

Vol. II No. 60 December 21, 1850. Pages 489-502 PG # 24803

Vol. II No. 61 December 28, 1850. Pages 505-524 PG # 16404

Notes and Queries Vol. III.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. III No. 62 January 4, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 15638

Vol. III No. 63 January 11, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 15639

Vol. III No. 64 January 18, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 15640

Vol. III No. 65 January 25, 1851. Pages 49- 78 PG # 15641

Vol. III No. 66 February 1, 1851. Pages 81- 95 PG # 22339

Vol. III No. 67 February 8, 1851. Pages 97-111 PG # 22625

Vol. III No. 68 February 15, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 22639

Vol. III No. 69 February 22, 1851. Pages 129-159 PG # 23027

Vol. III No. 70 March 1, 1851. Pages 161-174 PG # 23204

Vol. III No. 71 March 8, 1851. Pages 177-200 PG # 23205

Vol. III No. 72 March 15, 1851. Pages 201-215 PG # 23212

Vol. III No. 73 March 22, 1851. Pages 217-231 PG # 23225

Vol. III No. 74 March 29, 1851. Pages 233-255 PG # 23282

Vol. III No. 75 April 5, 1851. Pages 257-271 PG # 23402

Vol. III No. 76 April 12, 1851. Pages 273-294 PG # 26896

Vol. III No. 77 April 19, 1851. Pages 297-311 PG # 26897

Vol. III No. 78 April 26, 1851. Pages 313-342 PG # 26898

Vol. III No. 79 May 3, 1851. Pages 345-359 PG # 26899

Vol. III No. 80 May 10, 1851. Pages 361-382 PG # 32495

Vol. III No. 81 May 17, 1851. Pages 385-399 PG # 29318

Vol. III No. 82 May 24, 1851. Pages 401-415 PG # 28311

Vol. III No. 83 May 31, 1851. Pages 417-440 PG # 36835

Vol. III No. 84 June 7, 1851. Pages 441-472 PG # 37379

Vol. III No. 85 June 14, 1851. Pages 473-488 PG # 37403

Vol. III No. 86 June 21, 1851. Pages 489-511 PG # 37496

Vol. III No. 87 June 28, 1851. Pages 513-528 PG # 37516

Notes and Queries Vol. IV.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. IV No. 88 July 5, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 37548

Vol. IV No. 89 July 12, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 37568

Vol. IV No. 90 July 19, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 37593

Vol. IV No. 91 July 26, 1851. Pages 49- 79 PG # 37778

Vol. IV No. 92 August 2, 1851. Pages 81- 94 PG # 38324

Vol. IV No. 93 August 9, 1851. Pages 97-112 PG # 38337

Vol. IV No. 94 August 16, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 38350

Vol. IV No. 95 August 23, 1851. Pages 129-144 PG # 38386

Vol. IV No. 96 August 30, 1851. Pages 145-167 PG # 38405

Vol. IV No. 97 September 6, 1851. Pages 169-183 PG # 38433

Vol. IV No. 98 September 13, 1851. Pages 185-200 PG # 38491