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New observations on the natural history of bees

ANALYTICAL INDEX.

Reading edition

Description of a hive invented by the author page 4

Swammerdam's opinion on the fecundation of bees 8

Sentiments of M. de Reaumur 10

Mr Debraw's opinion 11

Hattorf's opinion 19

Difficulty of discovering the mode of impregnation 22

Experiments on the subject 23

Suggestions by M. Bonnet 34

The queen is impregnated by copulation, which never takes place within the hive 41

Experiments on artificial fecundation have not succeeded 42

The male loses the sexual organs in copulation 43

Regarded impregnation affects the ovaries of the queen 45

She then lays no eggs but those producing males 47

One copulation impregnates all the eggs the queen will lay in two years 54

Fecundity of a queen 63

Common bees do not transport the queen's eggs 66

They sometimes eat them 69

Eggs producing males are sometimes laid in royal cells 71

Common worms may be converted into queens 77

Operations of the bees when this is done 78

Fertile workers sometimes exist 89

They lay none but the eggs of males 96

All common bees are originally females 98

Receiving the royal food while larvæ, expands their ovaries 105

Mutual enmity of queens 110

The common bees seem to promote their combats 117

A guard is constantly at the entrance of the hive 123

What ensues when bees lose their queen 126

Effects of introducing a stranger queen 128

Massacre of the males 132

It never ensues in hives deprived of queens 135

A plurality of queens is never tolerated 142

The queen bee is oviparous 149

Bees seem occasionally to repose 150

Interval between production of the egg and the perfect state of bees 151

Mode of spinning the coccoon 153

That of the queen is open at one end 154

The size of the bees is not affected by that of the cells 167

The old queen always conducts the first swarm 173

But never before depositing eggs in the royal cells 177

Singular effect of a sound emitted by perfect queens 189

The instinct of bees is affected during the period of swarming 208

Queens are liberated from their cells according to their age 214

The bees probably judge of this by the sound emitted 217

Young queens conducting swarms are virgins 221

The conduct of bees to old queens is peculiar 224

Retarded impregnation affects the instinct of queens 241

Amputation of the antennæ produces singular effects 245

Advantages of the leaf hive 253

It renders the bees tractable 256

They may there be forced to work in wax 264

Uniform distance between the combs 265

Natural heat of bees 269

Distance to which they fly 271

Appendix 273

Anatomical observations on the sexual organs of bees 276

Experiments proving the copulation of the queen 290

Alex. Smellie, Printer.

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